france east

  索恩河The Saône (/soʊn/ SOHN, French: [son];^[1] Francoprovençal: Sona; Latin: Arar) is a river of eastern France. The name Saône derives from that of the Gallic river goddess Souconna, which has also been connected with a local Celtic tribe, the Sequanes. Monastic copyists progressively transformed Souconna to Saoconna, which ultimately gave rise to Saône. The other recorded ancient names for the river were Brigoulus and Arar.

- 近日看央視《衣尚 中國》節目，驚喜地又見 到了常沙娜。隨着主持人 的介紹，常沙娜由一位女 性攙扶着走上舞台，她面 帶微笑，緩步走到舞台中 央，向觀眾招手致意。 這時，主持人說， 在舞台上有兩位 「九○ 後」 ，一位是常沙娜奶奶，另一位是來自台 灣的小妹妹，觀眾聽後鼓起掌來。這時我才 意識到常沙娜一九三一年生，已經九十高 齡；台灣小妹妹曾薇瑄上世紀九十年代出 生，是她的學生。 多年前我曾見過常沙娜一面，可能是在 我出使韓國期間她訪問過韓國，記憶有些許 模糊。那之前，我和妻子曾去敦煌參觀，為敦 煌莫高窟的壁畫所着迷，聽了常書鴻的故事 更為感動。常書鴻出生在浙江杭州，曾去法 國留學，刻苦學習藝術，但回國後卻迷上了 敦煌。他不畏艱辛，風餐露宿，臨摹壁畫， 後任敦煌文物研究所所長，為保護敦煌，研 究敦煌，奉獻一生。在那次參觀中，我們得 知他的女兒常沙娜，繼承了父親的事業，十 分敬佩，並期盼與她相見。常沙娜經歷不凡。她出生在法國里昂， 因當時住所靠近索恩河（Saône），因此她 取名Sane，中文為沙娜。十二歲隨父親回 國，臨摹敦煌歷代壁畫，歷盡千辛。後曾去 美國留學，主攻藝術，回國後在大學任教。 常沙娜不僅研究敦煌卓有成果，還是設計 家，曾參加中國共產主義青年團團徽的設 計，還參加過人民大會堂外牆裝飾和宴會大 廳裝飾設計，展現了敦煌的風韻。常沙娜還 是一位教育家，桃李滿天下，其學生稱讚她 的設計中經常滲透着敦煌的圖案。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20210225/PDF/b10_screen.pdf

france west

 紹萊Cholet (French: [ʃɔlɛ], local pronunciation: [ʃɔ(ː)ɫe], probably from Latin cauletum, "cabbage") is a commune of western France in the Maine-et-Loire department. It was the capital of military Vendée.The town owes the rise of its prosperity to the settlement of weavers there by Édouard Charles Victurnien Colbert [Wikidata], count of Maulévrier, a brother of the great Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It then became an estate of Gabriel-François de Rougé [Wikidata] and marquess of Cholet, who developed the town and its economy. The main commercial mall being built this year^[when?] is named after him: The "Arcades Rougé".During the early years of the French revolutionary wars, the town found itself at the heart of the counter-revolutionary struggle in the Vendée, culminating in October 1793 with the Battle of Cholet which was won by the republicans and followed by a period of brutal government repression.A public garden occupies the site of the old castle; the public buildings and churches, for example the Church of the Sacred Heart (église du Sacré-Cœur, 1939), are modern. The Church of the Sacred Heart is in the Byzantine Romanesque style and was the work of the local architect Maurice Laurentin.^[2] The Church of Our Lady (église Notre-Dame) is listed as a "monument historique"Megalithic monuments are numerous in the neighborhood.^{[citation needed]}A textile museum (Musée du Textile) exists to conserve the traditional machines used to create the famous handkerchiefs made in this town, as well as the techniques used to make them and the oral and local history associated with the industry.

- L'étymologie du toponyme Cholet est discutée (grammatici certant). Au xi^e siècle, on trouve le nom de Cholet sous différentes formes latines20, soit du type Cauletum, soit Calletum castrum. À partir de là, deux étymologies sont proposées sans qu'il paraisse possible de trancher20 :

1. une traditionnelle, dérivant ce nom de caulis (chou) ; le nom commun cholet existe dans la région pour désigner une plantation de choux (on retrouve cette étymologie dans plusieurs noms de communes françaises : Caulières (Somme), Caullery (Nord), etc. ;
2. une autre se réfère précisément à la forme Calletum castrum (ou calletum) qui vient du gaulois latinisé calla (rocher) —  dérivé d'une racine préceltique *kal- que l'on retrouve dans le nom de Chalonnes — et Cholet signifie alors château sur un socle rocheux.

Une troisième proposition indique que Cholet vient du gaélique koilte, armoricain coelte, la forêt. De coelte les Romains ont fait, en transposant le e final, Coletum (cartulaire de Chemillé 1030-1080), puis Choletum (cartulaire de Saint-Serge 1052-1094 et cartulaire de Chemillé 1082-1100) qui devient Choleth (1100-1120), Choleit (1125-1134) et enfin le Cholet d'aujourd'hui, que nous trouvons même écrit à la façon moderne dans le cartulaire de Chemillé aux deux années 1052 et 1082.

france south

Arles

- 卡馬格（法語：Camargue）是一個位於法國南部阿爾勒附近的傳統地區，地處羅訥河注入地中海處的三角洲地帶，也是法國少見的種植水稻的地區^[1]。Camargue (/kæˈmɑːrɡ/,^[3][4] also UK: /kəˈ-/,^[5] US: /kɑːˈ-/,^[6] French: [kamaʁɡ]; Provençal: Camarga) is a natural region located south of Arles, France, between the Mediterranean Seaand the two arms of the Rhône delta. The eastern arm is called the Grand Rhône; the western one is the Petit Rhône.The Camargue is home to more than 400 species of birds and has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.^[8] Its brine ponds provide one of the few European habitats for the greater flamingo. The marshes are also a prime habitat for many species of insects, notably (and notoriously) some of the most ferocious mosquitos to be found anywhere in France. Camargue horses (Camarguais) roam the extensive marshlands, along with Camargue cattle. 

Camargue horses are ridden by the gardians (cowboys), who rear the region's cattle for fighting bulls for regional use and for export to Spain, as well as sheep. Many of these animals are raised in semi-feral conditions, allowed to roam through the Camargue within a manade, or free-running herd. They are periodically rounded up for culling, medical treatment, or other events.Few towns of any size have developed in the Camargue. Its "capital" is Arles, located at the extreme north of the delta where the Rhône forks into its two principal branches. The only other towns of note are along the sea front or near it: Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, about 45 km (28 mi) to the southwest and the medieval fortress-town of Aigues-Mortes on the far western edge, in the Petite Camargue. Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer is the destination of the annual Romani pilgrimage for the veneration of Saint Sarah.The Camargue was exploited in the Middle Ages by Cistercian and Benedictine monks. In the 16th–17th centuries, big estates, known locally as mas, were founded by rich landlords from Arles. The north of the Camargue is agricultural land. The main crops are cereals, grapevine and rice. Near the seashore, prehistoric man started extracting salt, a practice that continues today. Salt was a source of wealth for the Cistercian "salt abbeys" of Ulmet, Franquevaux and Psalmody in the Middle Ages. Industrial salt collection started in the 19th century, and big chemical companies such as Péchiney and Solvay founded the 'mining' city of Salin-de-Giraud.

• Murdoch books world kitchen france ch translation - 紅色米飯 as a specialty

大西洋比利牛斯省Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: ​[piʁene atlɑ̃tik]; Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantiarrak or Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the Pyreneesmountains and the Atlantic Ocean. It covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn.Originally named Basses-Pyrénées, it is one of the first 83 departments of France created during the French Revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created out of parts belonging to the former greater province of Guyenne and Gascony, as well as the Béarn-Navarre (still, at least nominally, Kingdom of Navarre), i.e. the Basques provinces of Basse-Navarre, Labourd, Bayonne (detached a few years before from Labourd), and Soule, and Béarn.^[2]The 1790 administrative design brought about the end of native institutions and laws. All Basque estates representatives from Labourd overtly opposed the new administrative layout since it suppressed their institutions and laws. The representatives of Lower Navarre refused to vote in Paris arguing that they were not part of the Kingdom of France; those of Soule voted against. The brothers Garat, representing Labourd, eventually voted yes, thinking that it would give them a say in upcoming political decisions.On 10 October 1969, Basses-Pyrénées was renamed Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

Corsica (/ˈkɔːrsɪkə/; French: Corse [kɔʁs]; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced [ˈkorsiga] and [ˈkɔrsika] respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is located southeast of the French mainland and west of the Italian Peninsula, with the nearest land mass being the Italian island of Sardinia to the immediate south. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island.The island is an administrative region of France (with the regional capital being Ajaccio), divided in two administrative departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud. The corresponding regional and departmental territorial collectivities, however, merged on 1 January 2018, forming the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. As a single territorial collectivity, Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regional collectivities; for example, the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers. Bastia, the prefecture city of Haute-Corse, is the second largest town in Corsica.After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284, in 1755 Corsica became a self-proclaimed Italian-speaking Republic, until it was officially ceded by Genoa to Louis XV as part of a pledge for debts and subsequently annexed to France in 1769. Napoleon Bonaparte was born the same year in Ajaccio, and his ancestral home (Maison Bonaparte) is today a significant visitor attraction and museum. Due to Corsica's historical ties with the Italian peninsula, the island retains many Italian cultural elements, and the native tongue is recognized as a regional language by the French government.

-  阿雅克肖 Several hypotheses have been advanced as to the etymology of the name Ajaccio (Aiacciu in Corsican, Addiazzo on old documents). Among these, the most prestigious suggests that the city was founded by the Greek legendary hero Ajax and named after him. Other more realistic explanations are, for example, that the name could be related to the Tuscan agghiacciu meaning "sheep pens". Another explanation, supported by Byzantine sources from around the year 600 AD called the city Agiation which suggests a possible Greek origin for the word,^[6] agathè could mean "good luck" or "good mooring" (this was also the root of the name of the city of Agde).The city was not mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria in the 2nd century AD despite the presence of a place called Ourkinion in the Cinarca area. It is likely that the city of Ajaccio had its first development at this time. The 2nd century was a period of prosperity in the Mediterranean basin (the Pax Romana) and there was a need for a proper port at the head of the several valleys that lead to the Gulf able to accommodate large ships. Some important underwater archaeological discoveries recently made of Roman ships tend to confirm this.^{[citation needed]}Further excavations conducted recently led to the discovery of important early Christian remains likely to significantly a reevaluation upwards of the size of Ajaccio city in Late Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The city was in any case already significant enough to be the seat of a diocese, mentioned by Pope Gregory the Great in 591. The city was then further north than the location chosen later by the Genoese - in the location of the existing quarters of Castel Vecchio and Sainte-Lucie.

- famous people

• napoleon https://www.quora.com/Was-Napoleon-Bonaparte-born-Nabulione-as-a-Corsican-more-Italian-than-French-Are-there-other-notable-Corsican-or-Italian-generals-who-commanded-French-troops-during-Napoleons-reign
• *****Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' Paoli FRS (Italian: [fiˈlippo anˈtɔːnjo paˈskwaːle de ˈpaːoli]; French: Pascal Paoli; 6 April 1725 – 5 February 1807) was a Corsican patriot, statesman and military leader who was at the forefront of resistance movements against the Genoese and later French rule in the island. He became the president of the Executive Council of the General Diet of the People of Corsica, and also designed and wrote the Constitution of the state. The Corsican Republic was a representative democracy asserting that the elected Diet of Corsican representatives had no master. Paoli held his office by election and not by appointment. It made him commander-in-chief of the armed forces as well as chief magistrate. Paoli's government claimed the same jurisdiction as the Republic of Genoa. In terms of de facto exercise of power, the Genoese held the coastal cities, which they could defend from their citadels, but the Corsican republic controlled the rest of the island from Corte, its capital.Following the French conquest of Corsica in 1768, Paoli oversaw the Corsican resistance. Following the defeat of Corsican forces at the Battle of Ponte Novu he was forced into exile in Britain where he was a celebrated figure. He returned after the French Revolution, of which he was initially supportive. He later broke with the revolutionaries and helped to create the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom which lasted between 1794 and 1796. After the island was re-occupied by France he again went into exile in Britain where he died in 1807.

• [1776 chron] while exiled in uk, dined with james boswell

nice
-Nice Cathedral (French: Basilique-Cathédrale Sainte-Marie et Sainte-Réparate de Nice) is a Catholic cathedral located in the city of Nice in southern France.The cathedral is the seat of the Diocese of Nice. The construction of the main part of the current cathedral's body started in 1650 and finished in 1685. Further construction continued after its consecration in 1699, with new structures and decorative elements added to the cathedral until 1949.^[1] The cathedral is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and Saint Reparata.^[2] It has been classified as a national monument since 9 August 1906.The original cathedral on the site, called St Mary of the Castle, was consecrated in 1049.^[3] In 1060, relics belonging to Saint Reparata (for whom the current cathedral is named) arrived in Nice. By 1075, a chapel dedicated to St Reparata was constructed at the foot of the castle.During the latter half of the 12th century, the chapel became a priory of the Abbey of Saint-Pons. 1246 marked the official establishment of the priory as a parish church. The first church on the site was built in the early 13th century on land belonging to the Abbey of St Pons and became a parish church in 1246.Population growth led to extensions being built onto the church between 1455 and 1468. During the first half of the 16th century, a series of acts gradually effected the transfer of the seat of the bishops of Nice from Cimiez Cathedral, which sits on the hill of the castle overlooking the city, to the church of St Reparata in 1590. After an official ceremony presided over by the bishop Luigi Pallavicini, and in the presence of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, the church was recognized as a chiesa-cattedrale.^[5] In 1649, judging the building to be too small, Bishop Didier Palletis commissioned the architect Jean-André Guibert to produce a structure more in keeping with the importance of the city.The construction of a new cathedral (the current main building) took place between 1650 and 1865. In 1699, the new cathedral was officially consecrated while additional construction continued.The prominent bell tower was built next to it between 1731 and 1757.The year 1900 marked the most recent addition to the cathedral, with the construction of new side chapels that replaced the former heavy baroque ornamentation. The cathedral was declared a minor basilica on 27 May 1949.

• Über dem Hochaltar befindet sich ein Bild des Ruhms der hl. Reparata, der jungfräulichen Märtyrin, der die Kathedrale gewidmet ist und deren Reliquien hier seit dem Jahr 1690 aufbewahrt werden. Der im Genueser Barock gestaltete Innenraum umfasst zehn Kapellen. Die Kapellen sind der Muttergottes der sieben Leiden, der Kreuzigung, der hl. Rosa von Lima, den hll. Alexander von Rom und Bartholomäus, dem Heiligen Sakrament, der hl. Rosalia und der Jungfrau Maria, dem hl. Josef, der hl. Reparata, den vier gekrönten Märtyrern und Johannes dem Täufer geweiht. Bis zum Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts war jede der Kapellen mit einer anderen Gilde verbunden, von denen jede die Verantwortung und die Kosten für ihre Instandhaltung trug.