persia - language

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  - Avestan /əˈvɛstən/, formerly also known as "Zend", is one of the Eastern Iranian languages within the Indo-European language familyknown only from its use as the language of Zoroastrian scripture, i.e. the Avesta, from which it derives its name. Its area of composition comprised ancient Arachosia, Aria, Bactria, and Margiana, corresponding to the entirety of present-day Afghanistan, and parts of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Yaz culture^[4] of Bactria-Margiana has been regarded as a likely archaeological reflection of the early "Eastern Iranian" culture described in the Avesta. Avestan's status as a sacred language has ensured its continuing use for new compositions long after the language had ceased to be a living language. It is closely related to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
  
  
  • https://www.quora.com/Does-root-Don-in-Slavic-denote-water-element-as-Rostov-on-Don-Donbass-and-many-more-Was-water-gift-of-one-God-as-in-Danube-and-Bogdan-Was-the-latter-related-with-the-god-Poseidon-or-even-the-name-of-the-city-upon In Avestan dānu means river while in Vedic it means fluid or drop. European rivers which bear this elements are: Danube, Don, Donets, Dniester, Dnieper, Dysna, Tana, and Tuoni.
  
  - persian
  
  • https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-history-of-the-evolution-of-the-Persian-language
  • written and read from right to left; persian numbers are written and read from left to right
  • there are 32 letters in the alphabet, 24 consonants and 11 vowels
  • unjoinable letters

  • dal, zal, re ze, ge, vav

  • q

  • very close to french r, only a bit harder

  • ŝ

  • sh in english, eg huŝangi is hooshangi

  • u

  • oo in english, eg huŝangi is hooshangi

  • x

  • very similar to sound represented by 'ch' in scottish 'loch' and german 'bach'

  • z

  • maximum number of letters repsenting the same sound is four. These are the letters that represent the sound z. Significantly, wherever seeing any of these four letters (al, e, ad, a)  , it is certain that the sound represented is z

  • '

  • represented by letter ein and hamze

  • tasdid (gemination)

  • gemination is the double pronunciation of a sound (normally a consonant within a word.  The letter representing that sound is written only once, but with a tasdid sign over it to show that the sound of that letter should be pronounced long.

  • tanvin sign

  • appear over an alef.  The combination is pronunced an.

  • sokun sign

  • normally placed over a consonant, showing that the consonant is not followed by a vowel.  The sign has been used with the letter vav to represent a w sound in the vowel ou 

  • short alef

  • used in words of arabic origin, representing a ā sound.  Its most common position is over letter ye

  • https://www.quora.com/What-languages-is-Persian-related-to

  • Please remember it's PERSIAN in English, not "Farsi" which is the colloquial way Iranians say Persian in Persian.  More correctly it's "Parsi" but Arabs called it Farsi as there's no "P" in Arabic, and slowly Iranians began using it too.  It detracts from the heritage of the language to call it by its local name as if it's an obscure tribal dialect too unimportant to deserve a name in English and the other major languages.
  •  **Persian is not related to Arabic. People tend to think that because the two languages are written with the similar script - and beside that and Arabic loanwords, Persian and Arabic are not similar and not mutually intelligible. One is Indo-European and the other is Semitic (two completely different language families). Also, Persian has 4 additional letters to represent sounds it has and Arabic lacks (“CH” “P”, “JH”, “G”).

  • relation/comparison with kurdish

  • https://www.quora.com/How-mutually-intelligible-are-Persian-and-Kurdish-languages/answer/Mehrdad-D%C9%99mir%C3%A7i Farsi/Persian and Kurdish are part of the same language family. They are both Indo-European and more specifically Indo-Iranian languages. I'm a native Farsi speaker and I can understand 50% of Kurdish vocabulary but the structure and grammar is quite different.

  • relation with arabic

  • https://www.quora.com/Is-Arabic-alphabet-compatible-to-Persian-Language/answer/Mehran-Hakimi
  •  https://www.quora.com/How-much-of-the-Persian-vocabulary-is-from-Arabic Around 25–30% but there can be instances where arabic words are not used at all.
    If Iranians really tried, they wouldn't have to use a single word of arabic in Persian. All arabic words in Persian have Persian equals. I'm sure Persian will be fully Persianized in some years to come. People will look towards Avesta and other Iranian languages to replace arabic words with Iranic words.
  •  https://www.quora.com/Does-Persian-have-a-Persian-equivalent-word-for-each-Arabic-loanword-If-so-why-is-it-that-Arabic-loanwords-still-exist-in-Persian

  • relation with french

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_loanwords_in_Persian
  •  https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Iranian-people-use-the-French-word-merci-when-they-are-thanking-someone-Does-Persian-incorporate-other-French-words-as-well

  • relation with germanic and slavic
  • hkej c1 links with germanic and slavic, script from right to left; no capital letters; letters in a word are linked when writing like 草书
  • relation with urdu

  • https://www.quora.com/Are-Persian-and-Urdu-mutually-intelligible

  • romanisation

  • https://www.quora.com/Some-Iranians-are-advocating-that-Farsi-be-written-in-a-Romanized-alphabet-Hypothetically-what-do-you-think-that-alphabet-would-look-like-based-on-the-current-Persian-alphabet
  •  https://www.quora.com/Do-speakers-of-Persian-and-other-Iranian-languages-written-in-the-Arabic-alphabet-regularly-use-transliterations-of-their-languages-in-the-Latin-alphabet-these-days-as-in-internet-websites-Is-there-any-move-to This is particularly true for Persian, and ultimately emerged in a new system of Persian writing known colloquially as Finglish or Pinglish, and to a group of more sincere Persian language enthusiasts as Latinized or Romanized Persian - Latinpars. Certainly, for Persian it is true that on an everyday basis Romanized Persian is used by a multitude of Iranians for online communication - from text messaging to social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram - and to an extent, some Iranians have even become naturalised to using Latinpars, especially in the international Iranian diaspora. However, since the development of support for Arabic-based scripts such as Persian, the use of Romanized Persian in everyday online communication has reduced significantly.

  
  - https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-cool-sounding-old-Persian-and-middle-Persian-words
  - words
  
  
  • mersi - thanks
  • xob - so; ok (then)
  • valla - well (from arabic wallah by god)
  • yek - a, an; one
  • beritaniayi - british
  • landan - london
  • engelis - england
  • gapon - japan
  • eskatland - scotland
  • tange zendan - prison gorge 
  • abshar dogholou - twin waterfall
  - words originated from persian
  
  
  • pyjama
  - language heritage preservation
  
  • The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (acronym: APLL) (Persian: فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی‎) is the official regulatory body of the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran (فرهنگستان ایران), it was founded on May 20, 1935 by the initiative of Reza Shah Pahlavi, a former monarch of the country. The academy acts as the official authority on the language, and contributes to linguistic research on Persian and other languages of Iran.The first official attentions to the necessity of protecting the Persian language against foreign words, and to the standardization of Persian orthography, were under the reign of Naser ed Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty in 1871.^{[citation needed]} After Naser ed Din Shah, Mozaffar ed Din Shah ordered the establishment of the first Persian association in 1903. This association officially declared that it used Persian and Arabic as acceptable sources for coining words. The ultimate goal was to prevent books from being printed with wrong use of words. According to the executive guarantee of this association, the government was responsible for wrongfully-printed books. Words coined by this association, such as rāh-āhan(راه‌آهن) for "railway", were printed in Soltani Newspaper; but the association was eventually closed due to inattention.^{[citation needed]}
    A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called Words of Scientific Association (لغت انجمن علمی), which was completed in the future and renamed Katouzian Dictionary (فرهنگ کاتوزیان).
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  - https://www.quora.com/Which-language-is-older-Persian-or-Latin Modern Persian spoken in Iran today, was elaborated 1200 years ago in Central Asia. However, Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era 2600 years ago; some 3000–2800 year old inscriptions were found which explains the time when the first Persians arrived on the Iranian plateau.Old Iranic languages (which Persian comes from) appeared 4000 years ago on the Iranian plateau, in the Caucausus and Central Asia.Latin was elaborated 2100–2000 years ago, however the first inscription in Latin is also 2600 years old: History of Latin.Old Persian and Latin appeared approximately at the same time, however old Iranic languages (such as Avestan) predates both Latin and Old Persian and was contemporary to ancient Greek and Sanskrit, the latter being the most ancient Indo-European language.