uk people diplomats, international relations

Diplomats/former diplomats
- Sir Hugh Selby Norman-Walker KCMG OBE KStJ (17 December 1916 – 28 August 1985) was a British colonial official. He served in Indiafrom 1938 to 1948. Joining the Colonial Office in 1949, he successively served as an Administrative Officer and an Assistant Secretary in Nyasaland, and was seconded to the Cabinet Office of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953. He returned to Nyasaland to become Development Secretary in 1954, Deputy Financial Secretary in 1960 and Secretary to the Treasury in 1961. He remained in the government until 1965 when Nyasaland gained independence as Malawi in 1964. In 1965, Sir Hugh was posted to the Bechuanaland Protectorate as Her Majesty's Commissioner. Knighted in 1966, in September of the same year he witnessed the independence of the Protectorate as Botswana. In the next year, Norman-Walker was posted to the Seychelles as the Governor and Commander-in-Chief but his short tenure came to an end when he was assigned to succeed Sir Michael Gass, who was in turn appointed High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, as Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong in 1969. He was once rumoured to be the designated candidate to succeed Sir David Trench as the Governor of Hong Kong, but the rumour soon died out when the post was taken up by Sir Murray MacLehose, a career diplomat, in 1971. Sir Hugh was supposed to become the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man when his tenure in Hong Kong ended in 1973. However, when it became known that his wife would not accompany him, he was forced to decline the offer. Sir Hugh was not compensated with another post for his withdrawal. He spent his retirement in England and was appointed chairman of the Isle of Wight County Structure Plan Panel in 1976.


• hkej 12dec17 shum article on links with rhodesia

-  Sir Percy Cradock GCMG PC (柯利達爵士, 26 October 1923 – 22 January 2010) was a British diplomat, civil servant and sinologist who served as British Ambassador to the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1983, playing a significant role in the Sino-British negotiations which led up to the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984.
Joining the Foreign Office in 1954, Cradock served primarily in Asia and was posted to the British Chargé d'affaires Office in Peking (now Beijing) at the outset of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. He, along with other British subjects, was manhandled by the Red Guards and the mobs when the office was set on fire on 22 August 1967. After the rioting, Cradock served as Chargé d'affaires in Peking from 1968 to 1969, and later succeeded Sir Edward Youde as British Ambassador to the People's Republic of China in 1978. His ambassadorship witnessed the start of the Sino-British negotiations in  1982, which subsequently resulted in the Joint Declaration in 1984, an agreement deciding the future of the sovereignty of Hong Kong after 1997. However, the decision of Cradock, who was the British chief negotiator in the negotiations, to compromise with the Chinese authorities, was regarded as a major retreat by the general media in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, and was heavily criticised at that time as betraying the people of Hong Kong. Cradock remained a trusted advisor to the-then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, who appointed him as Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee in 1985. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he was the first senior British official to pay a visit to the Chinese leadership in the hope of maintaining the much criticised Joint Declaration. He was successful in fighting to guarantee, in the Basic Law of Hong Kong, that half of the seats of the Legislative Council would be directly elected by 2007. However, Cradock worsened his relationship with Thatcher's successor, John Major, by forcing him to visit China in 1991 after the row between the two countries over the Airport Core Programme of Hong Kong. Major had enough of the compromising attitude of Cradock and the-then Governor of Hong Kong, Sir David Wilson, and finally decided to have both of them replaced in 1992, choosing instead his Conservative-ally Chris Patten as Governor. Unlike his predecessors, Patten was strongly criticised by the Chinese authorities during his governorship because he introduced a series of democratic reforms without consulting them. Although Cradock had retired, he joined the pro-Beijing camp, and became one of the most prominent critics of Governor Patten, censuring him for wrecking the hand-over agreement that had been agreed with the Chinese government. Cradock and Patten blamed each other publicly a number of times in the final years of British administration of Hong Kong. He once famously denounced Patten as an "incredible shrinking Governor",^[1] while Patten mocked him openly, in another occasion, as a "dyspeptic retired ambassador" suffering from "Craddockitis". Cradock spent his later years in writing a number of books on realpolitik diplomacy and was a non-executive director of the South China Morning Post.

•  評論一級人物，彭定康文筆亮麗。到了外交部駐北京大使、中國通柯利達這一等，則隱隱然尚有怨氣。柯利達只想快點處理好香港前途，對於香港民主，毫無興趣，他陪同英國來訪華的高官，不忘提點：記住，即使向共產黨提出人權，也只是裝模作樣。
  柯利達在文革時曾遭紅衛兵火攻代辦處，做過人質。他不是「親華」，不過見識過文革時中國人那副人來瘋的德性，認為這個民族不可能、也不配享有普選。彭定康沒有中國經驗，將中國人與東歐人平等看待，柯利達、麥理浩，甚至衛奕信，都認為這是錯的。
  三十年前，我年紀小，充滿激情，也一度認為柯利達是個種族主義者，他大錯特錯。但今日看來，我覺得柯利達也看得透徹。張愛玲說：因為了解，所以慈悲。Well，也可以說：因為了解，才不會有幻想，省卻蹉跎。http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E9%99%B6%E5%82%91/art/20170922/20159986
-唐納德爵士 Sir Alan Ewen Donald KCMG (5 May 1931 – 14 July 2018) was a British diplomat who was the United Kingdom ambassador to Indonesia and China. Donald was born on 5 May 1931 in Inverurie, Scotland to Robert T. Donald and Louise Turner.^[1] He was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School, Fettes College, then Trinity Hall, Cambridge (BA, LLM).Donald married Janet Hilary Therese Blood in 1958, and they had four sons.


• very little available information, only english, norsk and chinese wikipedia versions
• 唐納德的外交官生涯隨駐華大使任期結束而終止，但他仍繼續在外交界發表言論，當中唐納德對彭定康在香港主權移交前的政制改革頗有微言，主張英國對中國外交政策應尋求共同點，不要過分強調政治哲學的分歧。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180720/00176_028.html
• career

• National Service with Royal Horse Artillery 1949–50.

• Joined HM Foreign Service 1954: Third Secretary, Peking, 1955–57.

• Foreign Office (FO), 1958–61: Private Secretary to Parliamentary Under-Secretary, FO, 1959–61.

• Second, later First Secretary, UK Delegation to NATO, Paris, 1961–64.

• First Secretary, Peking, 1964–66.

• Personnel Dept, Diplomatic Service Admin Office, later FCO, 1967–71.

• Counsellor (Commercial), Athens, 1971–73.

• Political Adviser to Governor of Hong Kong, 1974–77.

• Ambassador to Republics of Zaire, Congo Brazzaville, Burundi and Rwanda, 1977–80.^[3][4][5]

• Assistant Under-Secretary of State (Asia and the Pacific), FCO, 1980–84.

• Ambassador to Republic of Indonesia, 1984–88.

• Ambassador to People’s Republic of China, 1988–91.

• Director: China Fund Inc. (NY), 1992–2003; HSBC China Fund Ltd, 1994–2004; J.P. Morgan Fleming Asian Investment Trust Ltd, 1997–2001 (Fleming Far Eastern Investment Trust, 1991–97).

• President, China Association, 2003–08.

- Sir Simon Gerard McDonald KCMG KCVO (born 9 March 1961) is a British diplomat who is Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Head of the Diplomatic Service.McDonald was educated at De La Salle College, Salford, and read History at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1982 and served in Jeddah, Riyadh, Bonn and Washington, D.C. as well as in London.In 1989 Simon McDonald married Olivia, daughter of Sir Patrick Wright, later Baron Wright of Richmond, who had also been Permanent Under-Secretary at the FCO (1986–1991). Simon and Olivia have two sons and two daughters.


• https://www.fda.org.uk/home/Newsandmedia/Features/Interview-with-Sir-Simon-McDonald.aspx
• The top Foreign Office mandarin has told staff he plans to retire early next year amid a controversial shake-up of Britain's global footprint, according to sources. Sir Simon McDonald is understood to have said in a call that he would stay on as permanent secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) as it merges with the Department for International Development (DfID) in a major restructuring.He would then take on the role of top civil servant at what will be called the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office when it opens in September.However, Sir Simon is thought to have said he plans to step down early next year to make way for a successor, the sources said.There has been speculation in the past that Sir Simon may not be granted a longer term because - like many diplomats during the Brexit referendum - he was seen as someone who had been in favour of remaining in the European Union, according to the source.He also scored an unfortunate own goal in April when he gave confused evidence to a committee of MPs about Britain's decision not to join an EU scheme to buy ventilators when the coronavirus pandemic hit.https://news.sky.com/story/sir-simon-mcdonald-top-foreign-office-civil-servant-to-retire-early-next-year-amid-department-shake-up-12009117

- sir tony brenton


• http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/people/sir-anthony-brenton
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1063227/British-Ambassador-Moscow-I-besieged-Putin-thugs.html
• letter to FT editor on 24sept14
- caroline wilson

• http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1860678/british-envoy-hong-kong-duped-fictitious-chinese-firm-cash http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20150924/00176_004.html 英國工黨前外相施仲宏（Jack Straw）及保守黨前外相聶偉敬（Malcolm Rifkind），早前被揭涉嫌謀取利益、為商界疏通人脈的醜聞。英國傳媒近日再踢爆，曾任施仲宏私人秘書的現任英國駐香港及澳門總領事吳若蘭（Caroline Wilson），曾於今年初協助施仲宏為其收受利益對象「起底」，並披露了兩人的電郵對話內容。英國駐港總領事館回應指，他們一直有協助英國企業在海外投資營商，未有正面承認或否認有關報道。英國《每日電訊報》與英國電視第四頻道於今年初放蛇，假扮來自香港的公關公司人員，分別向施仲宏及聶偉敬詐稱，希望聘請他們出任顧問協助拓展業務。施當時稱可運用自己的影響力，以換取每日約六萬港元的報酬，整個對話過程被記者偷拍。該報前日再報道，施仲宏為了弄清該「公司」的底細，在今年一月接觸吳若蘭，希望她或其下屬可代為調查該「公司」。吳其後透過電郵回覆他，指該「公司」辦公室位處高尚地段，相信對方的確有誠意找他幫手，甚至建議可代為邀請該「公司」高層，參加英國駐港總領事館的活動，以便全面評估該「公司」。英國駐港總領事館昨回應本報查詢時指出：「我們一直致力協助英國企業在海外的貿易及投資，並提供有關海外營商的建議。」英國國會下議院標準事務委員會早前就施仲宏及聶偉敬涉嫌以權謀私事件進行調查，並於日前發表報告，指兩人並無違規，惹來英國政壇嘩然。惟報告無公開吳若蘭名字，僅稱她為施在「香港方面的聯絡人」，但未知背後原因。
• https://twitter.com/CWilsonFCO/status/661068473330569216 Hairy crab lunch w Carrie Lam
• Britain has appointed a former top envoy to Hong Kong during the “umbrella movement” as its next ambassador to China, a move that comes as London hardens its stance on Beijing amid the row over its former colony. The appointment of Caroline Wilson – who was consul general to Hong Kong and Macau between 2012 and 2016 – was announced by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) on Monday.She is expected to take up her ambassadorial role in September, succeeding Barbara Woodward.   Wilson is currently the FCO’s Europe director, in charge of Britain's new diplomatic relationship with the continent in the wake of Brexit.https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3089176/former-hong-kong-envoy-chosen-new-british-ambassador-china
- Andrew Heyn, a 26-year veteran of the British civil service, replaces Caroline Wilson, who will transfer to an unnamed diplomatic posting elsewhere. Since joining the Foreign Office, London’s incoming top diplomat to Hong Kong has served in Venezuela, Portugal and Ireland before taking up his role in Myanmar in 2009, a posting that witnessed the re-emergence of the country and the release  of de-facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Most recently, Heyn had been working from London and the Cabinet Office spearheading ­governance reform, a role described as being “at the heart” of the British government.http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2009105/former-uk-ambassador-myanmar-appointed-new-consul-general

• bio at fco  https://www.gov.uk/government/people/andrew-heyn
- julian king
- tim barrow


• Sir Timothy Earle Barrow KCMG, LVO, MBE (born 15 February 1964) is a British diplomat who was Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Russian Federationfrom 2011 to 2015. He previously served in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, as a representative to various bodies of the European Union, and as British Ambassador to Ukraine 2006–2008. He was named as the British Permanent Representative to the EU, following the resignation of Sir Ivan Rogers on 3 January 2017. 
• https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2539919/who-is-sir-tim-barrow-the-uks-new-ambassador-to-the-eu-heres-what-we-know/ His nickname is “Deep State”, after the conspiracy theory that a shadowy cabal secretly controls world power.
• https://www.ft.com/content/c3d4abda-d357-11e6-b06b-680c49b4b4c0 Olly Robbins, the permanent secretary at the Department for Exiting the EU (Dexeu), attempted a land grab following the resignation of Sir Ivan Rogers from the Brussels post this week, the officials
  said. The officials told the Financial Times that Mr Robbins suggested downgrading the job of UK ambassador to a director-general, with a reporting line to Mr Robbins at Dexeu. But the Foreign Office sees the role in Brussels as a vital diplomatic post and moved to block Mr Robbins, officials said. Sir Tim’s nomination was also supported by Sir Jeremy Heywood, the powerful cabinet secretary who heads the civil service. The appointment of Sir Tim, a professional diplomat, was well received by Tory Eurosceptics and mandarins. But his nomination has failed to resolve what one former civil servant described as the “dysfunctionality at the centre”, over which official would be at the front of the negotiations and control the flow of information to the prime minister. In his parting email to staff, Sir Ivan hinted at the power struggle, saying: “The structure of the UK’s negotiating team and the allocation of roles and responsibilities to support that team needs rapid resolution.” Theresa May, the prime minister, is under pressure to resolve the issue, with Brexit negotiations scheduled to start before the end of March. Mr Robbins is in a powerful position. At the top of Dexeu, he is the senior civil servant co-ordinating efforts across Whitehall to deliver Brexit. He is also the prime minister’s “sherpa”, or emissary, to the European Council, the committee of EU leaders in Brussels, and so should technically lead the talks.  But Mr Robbins will be based in London while Sir Tim’s team at the UK Representation in Brussels will be on the front line of Brexit negotiations and will have close daily contact with EU negotiators. In practice the two men should form a double act, but officials told the FT that Mr Robbins’ move was designed to ensure he is clearly in the lead and is the prime minister’s principal adviser on Brexit. According to one person in Whitehall, Sir Ivan and Mr Robbins have had a scratchy relationship in recent months. The London-based official said: “The key point is that Olly Robbins doesn’t know Europe very well: he is a Whitehall operator and people don’t think he is capable of conducting the negotiation.”
- john kerr


• John Olav Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard GCMG (Lord Kerr of Kinlochard) (born 22 February 1942), is a former diplomat, now Deputy Chairman of Scottish Power and a crossbench member of the House of Lords.  He served in the British Diplomatic Service from 1966 until 2002. This included postings at the British Embassy in Moscow, and at the High Commission in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He was Private secretary to the Permanent Under Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 1974 until 1979, and was on secondment to HM Treasury from 1979 until 1984, during which time he was Principal Private Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1981 until 1984. He was Head of Chancery at the British Embassy in Washington DC from 1984 until 1987, then Assistant Under Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 1987 until 1990. He was Ambassador and UK Permanent Representative to the European Communities/European Union in Brussels from 1990 until 1995, and Ambassador to the United States in Washington from 1995 to 1997. Returning to London in 1997, he was Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office and Head of the Diplomatic Service until 2002. After leaving UK Government service he was Secretary General of the European Convention in 2002/3.

• ft article on brexit 26jan17

- Alexandra Mary Hall Hall (born 1 February 1964)^{[citation needed]} is a British diplomat.Hall Hall studied at Durham University, where she read Economics and Politics, graduating with a 2:1 degree in 1986.^[1] She is married to Daniel Twining, head of the International Republican Institute.Hall Hall was British ambassador to Georgia from 2013 to 2016.^[3][4] Prior to her posting in Tbilisi, Hall Hall served in Bogotá, New Delhi, and the United States, amongst other places.^[5] She served as Brexit Counsellor at the British Embassy, Washington, from 2018 to December 2019.Lead envoy for Brexit in the British Embassy in Washington, she resigned in December 2019, dismayed at Brexit "half-truths" and the "not totally honest" messages delivered to citizens.



international relations/geopolitician
- Sir Halford John Mackinder PC (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was an English geographer, academic, politician, the first Principal of University Extension College, Reading (which became the University of Reading) and Director of the London School of Economics, who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy.


• hkej 5jun17 shum article