Wednesday, August 7, 2019

Food Fermentation

Types
- natural
- starter
both take one of two forms: alcohol (yeast convert sugar into alcohol anaerobically (without oxygen)) or acid (involves either acetic acid or lactic acid) fermentation

Agents
- Lacto

  • fruit
  • vegetables, aromatic herbs
  • cured meats and fish
  • legumes, nuts, grains, seeds
  • dairy
  • water kefir
- Lacto-alcohol
  • bread and flatbreads
  • beverages like beer, wine, hard cider
- Lacto-alcohol-acetic
  • fruit vinegars
- Lacto-acetic
  • nondairy nonalcoholic beverages, kombucha
Methods

- dry salting
- brining
- whey fermenting
- starter culture fermenting
- sprouting
- soaking and preparing nuts

pickle
菹,形声。从艸,沮( jū)声。本义腌菜同本义〖pickle〗菹,酢菜也。——《说文》。字亦作葅。水草之菹。——《礼记·祭统》七菹。——《周礼·醢人》馈食之豆,其实葵菹——《周礼又如:菹醢(盐腌的野菜、肉酱);菹酱(葅酱。酱菜)」亦作「𦼬」、「𧂚」,即腌菜。《說文》:「菹,酢菜也。从艸沮聲。𦼬,或从皿。𧂚,或从缶。」王荺:「酢,今作醋,古呼酸為醋,酢菜猶今之酸菜,非以醋和之。」「」後又表示肉醬,《說文解字注》:「[齊]菹皆本菜稱,用為肉稱。」

sweden
相信有不少人都曾聽聞過瑞典鹽醃鯡魚(Surströmming)的大名,但令它為世人所熟悉的卻非味道,而是其濃烈無比的臭味!甚至有美國網站BuzzFeed的員工,在拍片紀錄自己的「鹽醃鯡魚初體驗」時,不禁以屍體(dead body)和尿片(baby diaper)來形容鹽醃鯡魚「大名鼎鼎」的臭味。這臭味的緣由是來自一種歷史悠久的食物保存方法,當鯡魚從波羅的海捕獲上岸,便加上鹽來進行發酵,而臭味亦是在發酵過程中所產生的。有瑞典人就表示,只要配以洋蔥、薯仔、及麵包等食物進食鹽醃鯡魚,就能享受其與別不同的美味,大家有機會不妨試試。但需要注意,由於鯡魚在放進鑵頭後仍會繼續發酵,因此罐頭微微發漲屬正常現象,大家千萬不要以為鯡魚罐頭變壞了啊。https://www.thelocal.se%2F20170816%2Fsurstrmming-what-you-need-to-know-before-trying-swedens-fermented-herring

website
- www.masteringfermentation.com

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