East Timor / timor leste

 狄力 Dili was settled about 1520 by the Portuguese, who made it the capital of Portuguese Timor in 1769. It was proclaimed a city in January 1864. During World War II, Portugal and its colonies remained neutral, but the Allies saw East Timor as a potential target for Japanese invasion, and Australian and Dutch forces briefly occupied the island in 1941. On the night of 19 February 1942, the Japanese attacked with a force of around 20,000 men, and occupied Dili before spreading out across the rest of the colony. On 26 September 1945, control of the island was officially returned to Portugal by the Japanese. East Timor unilaterally declared independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975. However, nine days later, on 7 December, Indonesian forces invaded Dili. On 17 July 1976, Indonesia annexed East Timor, which it designated the 27th province of Indonesia, Timor Timur (Indonesian for East Timor), with Dili as its capital. A guerrilla war ensued from 1975 to 1999 between Indonesian and pro-independence forces, during which tens of thousands of East Timorese and some foreign civilians were killed. Media coverage of the 1991 Dili Massacre helped revitalise international support for the East Timorese independence movement. In 1999, East Timor was placed under UN supervision, and on 20 May 2002, Dili became the capital of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. In May 2006, fighting and rioting sparked by conflict between elements of the military caused significant damage to the city and led to foreign military intervention to restore order.

company
- Air Timor is an airline based in Dili, East Timor. Air Timor (Air Timor S.A.) is East Timor's only operating airline company, providing regular scheduled services from Dili to Singapore under a charter arrangement with SilkAir. The airline previously flew to Bali but dropped this flight in January 2017. As of May 2015 it has no aircraft under its own registry. Prior to operating in Timor-Leste Air Timor first commenced its corporate life as charter airline under the name Austasia Airlines, operating charters between Australia and Indonesia from 2001 until 2007. In 2007 it relocated to East Timor, and Austasia Airlines was registered there as well as in Singapore. Following approval from the Timorese Government, Austasia Airlines commenced its first scheduled charter flights from Singapore to Dili in August 2008, operating a twice weekly schedule on Tuesday and Saturday with a wet-leased Airbus A319 aircraft from SilkAir. In late 2009 they commenced flying 3 Days a week on the SIN-DIL-SIN route. In 2010 Austasia Airlines lodged its application to become a national company and change its name to Air Timor S. A., which was approved by the East Timor government. In Oct 2014 they commenced operations from Bali, Indonesia direct to Dili, under another charter operation. Early 2017 saw a massive shakeup to the company, many (2/3rds) Timorese staff was made redundant despite former verbal advise from Timorese Directors that no changes was to be made. These drastic changes was further made in overseas office locations.En avril 2018, Air Timor n'opère qu'une liaison hebdomadaire le samedi vers l'aéroport de Singapour-Changi.
- timor gap

• Timor-Leste’s state-owned gas company has rejected reports it is set to take a $16bn loan from China’s Exim bank to finance the Greater Sunrise project. The Timor-Leste government recently took majority ownership of the projectafter buying out its former partners – ConocoPhillips and Shell – with the aim of ensuring the gas is piped to its shores instead of Australia’s. It is now seeking finance partners to develop the untapped reserves in the Timor Sea, estimated to be worth around US$50bn. On Tuesday the Australian reported Timor Gap was set to borrow $15.9bn from China’s state-owned Exim bank under a commercial loan, sparking alarm from some observers over whether that would allow a Chinese military presence just 500km from Darwin.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/26/timor-leste-rejects-report-it-is-taking-16bn-loan-from-chinas-exim-bank-for-gas-project

people
- José Manuel Ramos-Horta GCL AC (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ˈʁɐ̃muz ˈɔɾtɐ]; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician. He is currently the United Nations' special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS). He was appointed to this position on 2 January 2013. Previously, he was special envoy to fellow Lusophone country, Guinea-Bissau, and was the President of East Timor from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012, the second since independence from Indonesia. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize and a former prime minister, having served from 2006 until his inauguration as president after winning the 2007 East Timorese presidential election.[1] As a founder and former member of the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (FRETILIN), Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance during the years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor (1975 to 1999). While he has continued to work with FRETILIN, Ramos-Horta resigned from the party in 1988, becoming an independent politician. After East Timor achieved independence in 2002, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the country's first foreign minister. He served in this position until his resignation on 25 June 2006, amidst political turmoil. On 26 June, following the resignation of prime minister Mari Alkatiri, Ramos-Horta was appointed acting prime minister by then-president Xanana Gusmão. Two weeks later, on 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the second prime minister of East Timor. On 11 February 2008, Ramos-Horta was injured when he was shot during an assassination attempt. Of mestiço ethnicity, Ramos-Horta was born in 1949 in Dili, capital of East Timor, to a Timorese mother and a Portuguese father who had been exiled to what was then Portuguese Timor by the Salazar dictatorship. He was educated in a Catholic mission in the small village of Soibada, later chosen by FRETILIN as headquarters after the Indonesian invasion. Of his eleven brothers and sisters, four were killed by the Indonesian military.


Australia
- Formally known as the Timor Sea Treaty between the Government of East Timor and the Government of Australia was signed between Australia and East Timor in Dili, East Timor on May 20, 2002, the day East Timor attained its independence from United Nations rule, for joint petroleum exploration of the Timor Sea by the two countries. The signatories of the treaty were then Australian prime minister John Howard and his East Timorese counterpart at that time Mari Alkatiri. The treaty entered into force on April 2, 2003 following an exchange of diplomatic notes and was backdated to May 20, 2002. The treaty was to run for 30 years from the day it came into force or when a seabed boundary could be established, whichever came earlier. However, the subsequent signing of the Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea (CMATS) in 2007, the period of validity for the Timor Sea Treaty was extended to 2057, when the validity of CMATS also ends. The Timor Sea Treaty provides for the sharing of the proceeds of petroleum found in an agreed area of seabed, called the Joint Petroleum Development Area and does not determine the sovereignty and maritime boundary between the two countries. The treaty expressly states that the right of either country to claim the overlapping portion of the seabed is maintained.

• Australia has been accused of “siphoning” millions of dollars a month in oil revenue that should belong to East Timor, because the government is yet to ratify last year’s maritime border treaty. Estimates suggest the revenue taken by Australia since the signing of the treaty now totals more than it has given to East Timor in foreign aid, and more than East Timor spends on health in a year.https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/australasia/article/3006313/australia-accused-siphoning-millions-east-timor-oil-revenue

- http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21696544-trying-squeeze-money-last-drop-oil-line-sand?fsrc=rss%7CasiTHOUSANDS of people recently rallied in front of the Australian embassy in Dili, the seaside capital of Timor-Leste, in probably the biggest demonstration since the tiny country’s birth 14 years ago. The protesters were angry at Australia’s refusal to negotiate a permanent boundary in the Timor Sea, beneath which lie untold quantities of oil and gas. Timor-Leste claims that the refusal is costing it billions of dollars and is a slight to its sovereignty. Australia maintains that revenue-sharing agreements the two countries signed years ago remain in force. One of them postpones discussion of permanent maritime boundaries until 2057, though recent statements by Australia’s opposition Labor Party in favour of negotiations have given Timorese hope. Yet a successful resolution to this dispute will merely postpone the most critical question facing Timor-Leste: what to do when the oil runs out. Nine-tenths of state revenues come from oil and gas. Only a handful of fragile states, among them South Sudan and Libya, depend more on hydrocarbons.
- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38551628 East Timor says it wants to tear up a controversial 2006 maritime border treaty with Australia which has soured relations between the two countries. The treaty dealt with how oil and gas beneath the Timor Sea should be shared, but has been disputed ever since. East Timor, one of Asia's poorest nations, argues the way territory has been divided was not fair. It is now hoping for a fresh deal that gives it a larger share of revenues from natural resources.
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-44638498 A former intelligence officer who exposed an Australia spying operation in East Timor is facing criminal prosecution, an MP has revealed. East Timor took Australia to a UN court in 2014 over the spying row, related to a border deal from a decade earlier. That treaty set out how the nations would divide lucrative gas reserves in the Timor Sea. East Timor later axed the deal after the spying revelations.
- oil

• https://thewest.com.au/business/energy/east-timor-secures-majority-stake-in-woodsides-sunrise-ng-b881170707z East Timor is now the majority owner of the Woodside-operated Sunrise gas field after it completed the purchase of equity from Shell and ConocoPhillips.The East-Timorese national oil company Timor Gap paid Shell $US300 million ($420 million) for a 26.6 per cent interest in the Greater Sunrise fields.ConocoPhillips received $US350 million ($US490 million) for its 30 per cent stake. Osaka Gas owns a ten per cent stake.The Greater Sunrise gas and condensate fields in the Timor Sea have remained undeveloped due to a dispute between the joint venture that wanted the gas to flow to an LNG plant in Australia and the East Timorese Government that has held out to host the development.Woodside chief executive Peter Coleman hinted at a possible compromise in October when he was reported saying Woodside would consider investing in the offshore production of gas from Sunrise but not the riskier pipeline or LNG plant.Woodside could then sell gas to East Timor at the inlet to the pipeline. It is understood that East Timor is paying for engineering work on a south coast LNG plant and pipeline to prepare for front-end engineering in 2020.
• 澳洲和東帝汶去年三月就帝汶海邊界糾紛，於紐約聯合國總部簽署海洋邊界協議。繼東帝汶國會日前表決通過協議後，澳洲國會亦於周一通過，正式啟動共享「巨日升油氣田」內價值達五百億美元（約三千九百億港元）的油氣資源。澳洲外長佩恩表示，協議解決了長期海洋邊界糾紛，並為兩國關係新一頁奠下基礎。 https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190730/00180_019.html

China
- relationship with china

• first country establish dip relations in 2002
• hkej 11apr18 shum article
• https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/3021219/chinese-cash-enough-keep-east-timor-out-asean  The government waived its regulations on explosions so that Chinese contractors could blast their way through a quarry in Tibar Bay, 10km west of the capital city of Dili, and launch in earnest a project aimed at strengthening trade links between Southeast Asia’s youngest nation and the wider region.The Tibar Bay port, which has been designed to handle 750,000 containers annually, is among 20 projects being built by Chinese state-owned firms in the country. East Timor has turned to China for help in developing its economy and infrastructure – two weak points that have in the past held it back from joining the region’s premier multilateral forum, 
  Asean
   (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations).

Macau
- promotion event 14nov15 a23

Hong Kong
- 香港東帝汶總商會

• 詹瑪麗訪詩巫中華工商總會促東帝汶與詩巫加強合作http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140623/PDF/a83_screen.pdf
• http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201601/0104/HZ16104CSTA.pdf 詹雅麗called on angola consulate hk
• http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201606/0627/HZ16627CSTA.pdf sign cooperation agreement with 東盟一中國工商總會
• obor event hkcd 27apr19 a19

- In 2002, East Timor made eric hotung an ambassador at large. hkej 30sep17 c7 lam chong shing article