- national agency of investment and privatisation investinbelarus.by/en/
Brest (Belarusian: Брэст, romanized: Brest, pronounced [brɛs̪t̪]; Russian: Брест, romanized: Brest, pronounced [brʲes̪t̪]; Polish: Brześć; Lithuanian: Brasta; Ukrainian: Берестя, romanized: Berestia; Yiddish: בריסק, romanized: Brisk), formerly Brest-Litovsk (Belarusian: Берасце, Берасце Літоўскі (Брэст-Лiтоўск); Lithuanian: Lietuvos Brasta; Polish: Brześć Litewski), Brest-on-the-Bug (Polish: Brześć nad Bugiem), is a city (population 350,616 in 2019) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bugand Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the capital city of the Brest Region.The city of Brest is a historic site of many cultures. It was the location of important historical events such as the Union of Brest and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Brest Fortress was recognized by the Soviet Union as the Hero Fortress in honor of the defense of Brest Fortress in June 1941. During medieval times, the city was part of the Kingdom of Poland from 1020 until 1319 when it was taken by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569. As a result of the Partitions of Poland, it was incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1795. After World War I, the city was conquered by the Second Polish Republic. During the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, the city was first captured by the Wehrmacht and soon passed on to the USSR in accordance with the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In 1941, it was retaken by the Germans during Operation Barbarossa. The city was part of the Belarusian SSR until the breakup of the USSR in 1991.Several theories attempt to explain the origin of the city's name. It may have come from the Slavic root beresta meaning "birch", or "bark". The name could also originate from the Slavic root berestmeaning "elm". Or it could have come from the Lithuanian word brasta meaning "ford".Once a center of Jewish scholarship, the city has the Yiddish name בריסק (Brisk), hence the term "Brisker" used to describe followers of the influential Soloveitchikfamily of rabbis. Traditionally, Belarusian-speakers called the city Берасце(Bieraście).
Dudutki was first mentioned in the famous Old Russian literary monument "Lay of Igor's Warfare" written in the 12th century. Seven centuries later, the famous Belarusian family, the Elskies, created here a cultural center dedicated to the national music, crafts, and history, which was also known in other European countries. http://tobelarus.com/tourism-in-belarus/belarus-sightseeing/56-belarus-places-dudutki-pieces-of-belarus-history-restored.html
- no wikipedia page
- there are windmills
- http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2017-06/19/c_129635471_3.htm
白俄罗斯民俗节上的火把表演
戈梅利Gomel or Homyel was founded at the end of the 1st millennium AD on the lands of the Eastern Slavictribal union of Radimichs. It lays on the banks of the Sozh river and the Homeyuk stream. Sozh's high right bank, cut through by canyons, provided a natural fortification. For some time, Gomel was the capital of the Gomel Principality, before it became part of the Principality of Chernigov. Gomel is first mentioned in the Hypatian Codex under the year of 1142 as being territory of the princes of Chernigov. For some time, Gomel was ruled by the prince of Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich before it was re-captured by Iziaslav III Davidovich, after whose death it belonged to Sviatoslav Olgovich and then to Sviatoslav's son Oleg. Under Oleg, Gomel went to the Principality of Novhorod-Siverskyi. The next ruler was Igor Svyatoslavich – the hero of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". During this period, the town was a fortified point and the centre of a volost. In the 12th–13th centuries the city's area was not less than 40 ha, and it had developed various crafts and was connected by trading routes with the cities of Northern and Southern Rus'. Archeological data have shown that the city was badly damaged during the Mongol-Tatar assault in the first half of the 13th century.
- check the animal in its coat of arms, also note the cross in its 1560 coat of arms
戈爾基Horki was mentioned in written sources ("The Lithuanian Chronicles") in 1544 as a village. First known owner was prince Drutski-Gorski. Since 1584 Horki was owned by Sapegas. In the 17th century the village became the center for Gory-Horki estate. Until the 19th century it was called Gory. Trades fairs were regularly held in Horki. In 1683 there were 510 houses and 2 service land holdings: “Kazimirovskaya Slaboda” and “Zarechye.” There were 3 markets, where trading merchants from Belarus and Russia were offering their goods. Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Horki was part of Vitebsk Voivodeship.During World War II, Horki was under German occupation from 12 July 1941 until 26 June 1944.
格羅德諾州Grodno Region or Hrodna RegionThis region was the westernmost "borderlands" of the Early East Slavs (tribal union Dregovichs?) on the lands of the Balts in the 6th-9th centuries. In the 12th-14th centuries it was part of the area sometimes known as Black Ruthenia, that was fully incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) by the rulers of Lithuania in the 13th century. In 1413, the area around Grodno, part of the Duchy of Trakai, was transformed into newly established Trakai Voivodeship. Grodno became the seat of Grodno County. In 1441, Magdeburg Law charter was granted to the capital by Casimir IV Jagiellon Grand Duke of Lithuania and future King of Poland. In 1444, Grodno received its coat of arms from Casimir's hands as well as substantial trade privileges. The strong economic development of the area continued during the reign of Casimir's son - Duke Alexander Jagiellon who founded the first solid bridge over the Neman River as well as Monastery of Order of Saint Augustine and Monastery of Polish Ordo Fratrum Minorum. Later, Bona SforzaQueen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania, placed in Grodno her royal residence. According to medieval surveys, Grodno had 35 streets and 700 houses in 1558. The golden age of Grodno falls on the reign of Stephen Báthory King of Poland, which is between 1576 and 1586. During his reign, Grodno became royal headquarters and began to host sessions of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Senate and Parliament. In 1580, on king's order the castle of Grodno was rebuilt in Renaissance style of architecture, by Scoto di Parma. At the beginning of the 17th century, Grodno was one of the most developed and important cities in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, traditionally recognized as the third capital of the commonwealth.
- note the animal in coat of arms
卡林科維奇Kalinkavičy (Belarusian: Калі́нкавічы, Russian: Калинковичи, Polish: Kalinkowicze) is a town in the Gomel Region of south-eastern Belarus. Kalinkavičy is located beside the Pripyat River, opposite the town of Mazyr, and is the site of one of country's most important railwayjunctions. Archaeological excavations have found traces of human settlement dating back to 26,000-24,000 years ago, the oldest yet discovered in Belarus.The earliest historical mention of the town of Kalinkavičy dates to 1560. The town grew to prominence at the end of the nineteenth century with the coming of the railways.Before the war a significant part of the population was Jewish, 3,386 out of 9,799 were Jews. The city was occupied by German forces in late August 1941, but before their arrival, a part of the Jewish population managed to evacuate the city by train. On September 20, 1941, all the Jews were shot by the local policemen and German gendarmes in a trench.
- 2021年農曆大年初一零時開始，中歐班列（西安）以平均每天4列的頻次，在春節期間源源不斷地將中國優質商品運往眾多歐亞國家和地區。據悉，隨着13日上午，滿載着日用品、建材、兒童玩具等貨物的X8256次中歐班列從西安啟程開往白俄羅斯科利亞季奇，標誌着中歐班列（西安）累計開行突破8,000列，這也是全國率先突破8,000列的中歐班列。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2021/02/16/a13-0216.pdf
波拉次克（俄語：По́лоцк，白俄羅斯語：По́лацк，羅馬化：Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration)，立陶宛語：Polockas，波蘭語：Połock）The Old East Slavic name, Polotesk, derives from the Polota river, which flows into the neighboring Western Dvina. The Vikings rendered that name as Palteskja.Polotsk is one of the most ancient cities of the Eastern Slavs. The Primary Chronicle (a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, compiled in Kiev about 1113) listed Polotsk in 862 (as Полотескъ, /poloteskŭ/), together with Murom and Beloozero. However, an archaeological expedition from the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus suggests that Polotsk existed in the first half of the 9th century.The first known prince of Polotsk was Rogvolod (ruled 945–978). He had two sons and a daughter named Rogneda. Rogvolod promised Rogneda to the prince of Kiev, Yaropolk, as a wife. But Yaropolk's brother, Vladimir, had attacked Polotsk before Yaropolk came. He killed Rogvolod, his wife and sons, and married Rogneda.Vladimir and Rogneda had five children and the eldest of them, Izyaslav, became Prince of Polotsk (ruled 989-1001).Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the Principality of Polotsk emerged as the dominant center of power in what is now Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the Principality of Turov to the south. It repeatedly asserted its sovereignty in relation to other centers of Kievan Rus, becoming a political capital, the episcopal see and the controller of vassal territories among Balts in the west. Its most powerful ruler was Prince Vseslav Bryachislavich, who reigned from 1044 to 1101. A 12th-century inscription commissioned by Vseslav's son Boris may still be seen on a huge boulder installed near the St. Sophia Cathedral.
company
- eurotorg
university
- The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, also known as BSUIR (Belarusian: Беларускі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт інфарматыкі і радыёэлектронікі), is a public Higher Education Institution accredited by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. Nowadays it is a large educational and scientific complex in Minsk, Belarus. BSUIR was founded on March 15, 1964, and plays a leading role in preparing its students in the fields of computer science, radioelectronics and telecommunications in Belarus.
people
- Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Янко́вский; 23 February 1944 – 20 May 2009) was a Soviet/Russian actor who had excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals. In 1991, he became, together with Alla Pugacheva, the last person to be named a People's Artist of the USSR. Born into a noble family of Russian, Belarusian and Polish stock, son of Life-Guards Semenovsky regiment's Stabskapitän, Oleg Yankovsky formed an ambition to emulate his brother Rostislav and joined the Saratov Drama Theatre in 1965. His film career was launched two years later
- Sviatlana Heorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya[a] (née Pilipchuk; Belarusian: Святла́на Гео́ргіеўна Ціхано́ўская (Піліпчук);[b] born 11 September 1982), is a Belarusian human rights activistand politician who ran for the 2020 Belarusian presidential election as the main opposition candidate. She is the wife of activist Siarhei Tsikhanouski. Her husband was a candidate for the same election until his arrest on 29 May 2020, after which she announced her intention to run in his place.Before running for president, Tsikhanouskaya was an Englishteacher[8][9] and interpreter.[10] She spent many summers in Roscrea, Co. Tipperary, Ireland, as part of a Chernobyl children's programme.[11] She is married to arrested YouTuber, blogger, and activist Siarhei Tsikhanouski ( born on 18 August 1978, in Horki, Homyel Region, Belarus,[1]and raised in Homyel. ).[9] The couple have a son and a daughter.
- Marc Zakharovich Chagall (/ʃəˈɡɑːl/ shə-GAHL;[3][nb 1] born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal;[4] 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1887 – 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin.[1] An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic stylesand created works in virtually every artistic format, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints.Marc Chagall was born Moishe Segal in a Lithuanian Jewish Hassidic family in Liozna, near the city of Vitebsk (Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire) in 1887.[note][8] At the time of his birth, Vitebsk's population was about 66,000, with half the population being Jewish. A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called "Russian Toledo", after a cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire. As the city was built mostly of wood, little of it survived years of occupation and destruction during World War II. Chagall was the eldest of nine children. The family name, Shagal, is a variant of the name Segal, which in a Jewish community was usually borne by a Levitic family.[9] His father, Khatskl (Zachar) Shagal, was employed by a herring merchant, and his mother, Feige-Ite, sold groceries from their home.
language
- https://www.quora.com/What-language-is-spoken-in-Belarus
- https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Belarusian-language-dying A lot of jokes about belarussians associated with potatoes, but I don't like it and think that it's not fun.
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-Latin-script-to-write-in-Belarusian
jews
- Soloveitchik (Hebrew: סולובייצ'יק Yiddish: סאָלאָווייטשיק) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892).Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (born 1820 in Nesvizh, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire; died May 1, 1892 in Brest-Litovsk, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire) was the author of Beis Halevi, by which name he is better known among Talmudic scholars. He was the great-grandson of Chaim Volozhin.Yosef Dov Soloveitchik was born to Rivka, a granddaughter of Chaim Volozhin. His father was Yitschok Ze'ev, descendant of Simcha Rappaport.Rabbi Simcha Hagadol HaKohen Rappaport (Hebrew: שמחה הכהן ראפאפארט; b. 1650 - August 4, 1718) was a 17th-century Ukrainian rabbi and progenitor of the Rappaport rabbinic dynasties. Born in about 1650 in L'viv, Ukraine. His father, Rabbi Nachman of Belz was a minor rabbi and a descendant of Rashi through his mother.
history
- The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia or Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus(SSRB; Belarusian: Савецкая Сацыялiстычная Рэспублiка Беларусь, Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; Russian: Социалистическая Советская Республика Белоруссия / ССРБ, Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika Belorussija / SSRB) was an early republic in the historical territory of Belarus after the collapse of the Russian Empire as a result of the October Revolution.
- sanction
波拉次克（俄語：По́лоцк，白俄羅斯語：По́лацк，羅馬化：Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration)，立陶宛語：Polockas，波蘭語：Połock）The Old East Slavic name, Polotesk, derives from the Polota river, which flows into the neighboring Western Dvina. The Vikings rendered that name as Palteskja.Polotsk is one of the most ancient cities of the Eastern Slavs. The Primary Chronicle (a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, compiled in Kiev about 1113) listed Polotsk in 862 (as Полотескъ, /poloteskŭ/), together with Murom and Beloozero. However, an archaeological expedition from the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus suggests that Polotsk existed in the first half of the 9th century.The first known prince of Polotsk was Rogvolod (ruled 945–978). He had two sons and a daughter named Rogneda. Rogvolod promised Rogneda to the prince of Kiev, Yaropolk, as a wife. But Yaropolk's brother, Vladimir, had attacked Polotsk before Yaropolk came. He killed Rogvolod, his wife and sons, and married Rogneda.Vladimir and Rogneda had five children and the eldest of them, Izyaslav, became Prince of Polotsk (ruled 989-1001).Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the Principality of Polotsk emerged as the dominant center of power in what is now Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the Principality of Turov to the south. It repeatedly asserted its sovereignty in relation to other centers of Kievan Rus, becoming a political capital, the episcopal see and the controller of vassal territories among Balts in the west. Its most powerful ruler was Prince Vseslav Bryachislavich, who reigned from 1044 to 1101. A 12th-century inscription commissioned by Vseslav's son Boris may still be seen on a huge boulder installed near the St. Sophia Cathedral.
company
- eurotorg
- The biggest food retailer in Belarus, Eurotorg, is planning to list its shares in London in the coming weeks, sources familiar with the matter said, potentially valuing the company at more than $3 billion. About $300 million of shares are slated to be sold in the first international listing by a Belarusian business, one of the sources said, adding that the offering of global depositary receipts could be launched as soon as next week.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurotorg-ipo-londonlse/belarus-food-retailer-eurotorg-plans-imminent-london-listing-sources-idUSKCN1MC2B0
- EWA konglomerat llc (exhibited at tdc toys fr)
- PP polesie (exhibited at tdc toys fr)
university
- The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, also known as BSUIR (Belarusian: Беларускі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт інфарматыкі і радыёэлектронікі), is a public Higher Education Institution accredited by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. Nowadays it is a large educational and scientific complex in Minsk, Belarus. BSUIR was founded on March 15, 1964, and plays a leading role in preparing its students in the fields of computer science, radioelectronics and telecommunications in Belarus.
- china
- The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR) and China's Hangzhou Dianzi University intend to work together to train cybersecurity specialists, BelTA learned from BSUIR Rector Mikhail Batura. A joint curriculum will be developed over the course of the next academic year, said the rector. The curriculum will include roughly the same number of Belarusian and Chinese disciplines. “Once the curriculum is approved by the Belarusian and Chinese education ministries, we will start training specialists,” said the official. The students will be taught in Belarus and China. Upon graduation they will get diplomas of both universities.
Read full text at: http://eng.belta.by/society/view/two-belarusian-chinese-universities-to-train-cybersecurity-specialists-together-103622-2017/
people
- Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Янко́вский; 23 February 1944 – 20 May 2009) was a Soviet/Russian actor who had excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals. In 1991, he became, together with Alla Pugacheva, the last person to be named a People's Artist of the USSR. Born into a noble family of Russian, Belarusian and Polish stock, son of Life-Guards Semenovsky regiment's Stabskapitän, Oleg Yankovsky formed an ambition to emulate his brother Rostislav and joined the Saratov Drama Theatre in 1965. His film career was launched two years later
- Sviatlana Heorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya[a] (née Pilipchuk; Belarusian: Святла́на Гео́ргіеўна Ціхано́ўская (Піліпчук);[b] born 11 September 1982), is a Belarusian human rights activistand politician who ran for the 2020 Belarusian presidential election as the main opposition candidate. She is the wife of activist Siarhei Tsikhanouski. Her husband was a candidate for the same election until his arrest on 29 May 2020, after which she announced her intention to run in his place.Before running for president, Tsikhanouskaya was an Englishteacher[8][9] and interpreter.[10] She spent many summers in Roscrea, Co. Tipperary, Ireland, as part of a Chernobyl children's programme.[11] She is married to arrested YouTuber, blogger, and activist Siarhei Tsikhanouski ( born on 18 August 1978, in Horki, Homyel Region, Belarus,[1]and raised in Homyel. ).[9] The couple have a son and a daughter.
- to kiv her origin
- Marc Zakharovich Chagall (/ʃəˈɡɑːl/ shə-GAHL;[3][nb 1] born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal;[4] 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1887 – 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin.[1] An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic stylesand created works in virtually every artistic format, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints.Marc Chagall was born Moishe Segal in a Lithuanian Jewish Hassidic family in Liozna, near the city of Vitebsk (Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire) in 1887.[note][8] At the time of his birth, Vitebsk's population was about 66,000, with half the population being Jewish. A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called "Russian Toledo", after a cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire. As the city was built mostly of wood, little of it survived years of occupation and destruction during World War II. Chagall was the eldest of nine children. The family name, Shagal, is a variant of the name Segal, which in a Jewish community was usually borne by a Levitic family.[9] His father, Khatskl (Zachar) Shagal, was employed by a herring merchant, and his mother, Feige-Ite, sold groceries from their home.
- chinese surname translated as 夏
language
- https://www.quora.com/What-language-is-spoken-in-Belarus
- https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Belarusian-language-dying A lot of jokes about belarussians associated with potatoes, but I don't like it and think that it's not fun.
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-Latin-script-to-write-in-Belarusian
jews
- Soloveitchik (Hebrew: סולובייצ'יק Yiddish: סאָלאָווייטשיק) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892).Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (born 1820 in Nesvizh, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire; died May 1, 1892 in Brest-Litovsk, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire) was the author of Beis Halevi, by which name he is better known among Talmudic scholars. He was the great-grandson of Chaim Volozhin.Yosef Dov Soloveitchik was born to Rivka, a granddaughter of Chaim Volozhin. His father was Yitschok Ze'ev, descendant of Simcha Rappaport.Rabbi Simcha Hagadol HaKohen Rappaport (Hebrew: שמחה הכהן ראפאפארט; b. 1650 - August 4, 1718) was a 17th-century Ukrainian rabbi and progenitor of the Rappaport rabbinic dynasties. Born in about 1650 in L'viv, Ukraine. His father, Rabbi Nachman of Belz was a minor rabbi and a descendant of Rashi through his mother.
history
- The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia or Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus(SSRB; Belarusian: Савецкая Сацыялiстычная Рэспублiка Беларусь, Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; Russian: Социалистическая Советская Республика Белоруссия / ССРБ, Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika Belorussija / SSRB) was an early republic in the historical territory of Belarus after the collapse of the Russian Empire as a result of the October Revolution.
- The first time it was established by Bolsheviks on January 1, 1919 in Smolensk when the Red Army entered Belarusian lands following the retreated German army, which had been occupying the territory as a consequence of World War I. It was considered by Bolsheviks to be a buffer republic. In a month it was disbanded. Smolensk, Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces were included in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), and the remainder formed another buffer republic, the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel).
- The republic was re-established under the same name on July 31, 1920. However, in traditional Soviet historiography it has been referred to as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR), its name after the incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1922. Eventually, the SSRB was re-established as a political move in the context of the Polish-Soviet War, in a minuscule territory of 52,400 km² made of 6 uyezds of Minsk Governorate. The rest of the Belarusian lands remained split between Poland and the RSFSR.
- sanction
- https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/belarus_gl2g.pdf Executive Order 13405 of June 16, 2006 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus
- 白羅斯政府涉嫌設局迫降民航客機，拘捕機上的異見記者普羅塔謝維奇，遭西方國家群起制裁。北約秘書長斯托爾滕貝格周一宣布，限制白羅斯外交官員進入北約總部。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20210602/00180_021.html
EU
- https://www.ft.com/content/a0ecd9c4-ac57-11e7-aab9-abaa44b1e130 Belarus is calling for a new co-operation deal with the EU as the former Soviet state makes a cautious effort to improve ties with the west and strengthen its political independence. The call comes as signs grow of a potential thaw between Minsk and the 28-nation bloc. Alexander Lukashenko, the country’s authoritarian leader who for years was subject to EU sanctions, has been invited to take part in the EU’s Eastern Partnership summit in Brussels next month.
Russia
- The Union State (Russian: Союзное государство; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава), also referred to as the Union State of Russia and Belarus (Russian: Союзное государство России и Беларуси; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава Расіі і Беларусі), is a supranational union consisting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997, with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia" at which time its name was changed to the Union of Belarus and Russia.[3]Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater political, economic, and social integration. Nevertheless, the nature of the political entity remained vague. Under pressure from his own political opponents, who argued for a reunion of the two states, and from Belarusian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko, who sought to tie his excessively weak economy to Russia's stronger one, then Russian President Boris Yeltsin initiated the creation of the Union in order to harmonize the political and economic differences between the two nations. Kazakh PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev had put forward a similar proposal in 1994, envisioning the founding of a Eurasian union, but this proposal was not adopted until 29 May 2014 with the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belaruswas signed on 8 December 1999. The intention was to achieve a federation like the Soviet Union, with a common head of state, legislature, flag, coat of arms, anthem, constitution, army, citizenship, and currency. The Union was ratified by the Russian State Duma on 22 December 1999 and the National Assembly of Belarus on 26 January 2000. On the latter date the Treaty and the Union came into effect.
- https://www.ft.com/content/7288bda6-a298-11e6-82c3-4351ce86813f Minsk battles to balance deep Russia ties with need for new foreign investment
- energy
- Belarus has arrested 33 Russian mercenaries allegedly plotting to destabilize the country ahead of next month's presidential election. Belarus' KGB security service said the detained men were members of the Wagner group, a shadowy private military firm reportedly controlled by an ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin which promotes Moscow's interests in Ukraine, Syria, Libya and a number of other countries.https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/07/30/russian-mercenaries-in-belarus-all-you-need-to-know-a71020
polish (people)
EU
- https://www.ft.com/content/a0ecd9c4-ac57-11e7-aab9-abaa44b1e130 Belarus is calling for a new co-operation deal with the EU as the former Soviet state makes a cautious effort to improve ties with the west and strengthen its political independence. The call comes as signs grow of a potential thaw between Minsk and the 28-nation bloc. Alexander Lukashenko, the country’s authoritarian leader who for years was subject to EU sanctions, has been invited to take part in the EU’s Eastern Partnership summit in Brussels next month.
Russia
- The Union State (Russian: Союзное государство; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава), also referred to as the Union State of Russia and Belarus (Russian: Союзное государство России и Беларуси; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава Расіі і Беларусі), is a supranational union consisting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997, with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia" at which time its name was changed to the Union of Belarus and Russia.[3]Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater political, economic, and social integration. Nevertheless, the nature of the political entity remained vague. Under pressure from his own political opponents, who argued for a reunion of the two states, and from Belarusian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko, who sought to tie his excessively weak economy to Russia's stronger one, then Russian President Boris Yeltsin initiated the creation of the Union in order to harmonize the political and economic differences between the two nations. Kazakh PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev had put forward a similar proposal in 1994, envisioning the founding of a Eurasian union, but this proposal was not adopted until 29 May 2014 with the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belaruswas signed on 8 December 1999. The intention was to achieve a federation like the Soviet Union, with a common head of state, legislature, flag, coat of arms, anthem, constitution, army, citizenship, and currency. The Union was ratified by the Russian State Duma on 22 December 1999 and the National Assembly of Belarus on 26 January 2000. On the latter date the Treaty and the Union came into effect.
- http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/russia/
- Dairy and meat cattle breeding centers will be set up in Belarus and Russia under a Union State program, Alexander Budevich, deputy director general for science at the R&D Center for Animal Breeding, told the media, BelTA informs.
Read full text at: http://eng.belta.by/society/view/plans-to-build-dairy-and-meat-cattle-breeding-centers-in-belarus-russia-union-state-110684-2018/ - hkej 6apr18 shum article
- https://www.ft.com/content/7288bda6-a298-11e6-82c3-4351ce86813f Minsk battles to balance deep Russia ties with need for new foreign investment
- energy
- 白羅斯總統盧卡申科與俄羅斯總統普京，日前在俄羅斯索契就天然氣和石油價格，以及兩國進一步一體化等議題會面，但雙方就油氣價格方面的磋商並無進展，俄羅斯同意繼續按照去年的供貨條件，向白羅斯輸出天然氣，但石油則堅持按照市場價格出售。事實上，白羅斯方面一直要求以俄國國內的價格，購買對方的天然氣，而俄國只允許在市場價與國內補貼價之間進行折中。以跟白羅斯相鄰的俄羅斯摩倫斯克州為例，每千立方米天然氣售價約為七十美元，而俄羅斯售予德國的價格，卻接近二百美元，兩者差別之大，非常顯著。白羅斯對俄國的能源依賴甚深，大約七至八成的天然氣來自俄國供應，當中除了自用外，部分更在進行加工提煉後，再出口到歐洲市場牟利。俄羅斯推行涉及石油的稅制改革後，因而導致向白羅斯出口的能源產品價格上升，兩國就相關安排的合約於去年底屆滿，雙方暫時按照過去的價格進行交易。同樣值得注意的是，美國國務卿蓬佩奧日前訪問白羅斯首都明斯克，除了表示將任命新駐白羅斯大使，還指美國願意以「具競爭性」的價格，向白羅斯供應油氣資源，明擺着挑撥俄、白關係。除了與美國改善關係，白羅斯近年亦積極參與「一帶一路」倡議，向俄國發出的政治信號清晰不過，該國不會把雞蛋放在同一個籃子內，而所謂「聯盟」，亦必須在相對平等的基礎上進行。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20200210/00184_010.html
- Belarus has arrested 33 Russian mercenaries allegedly plotting to destabilize the country ahead of next month's presidential election. Belarus' KGB security service said the detained men were members of the Wagner group, a shadowy private military firm reportedly controlled by an ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin which promotes Moscow's interests in Ukraine, Syria, Libya and a number of other countries.https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/07/30/russian-mercenaries-in-belarus-all-you-need-to-know-a71020
polish (people)
- ft 8apr2021 belarus strongman picks fight with polish minority
China
- 東歐國家白俄羅斯駐中國大使館官網上周五刊文要求正名，表示漢語「白俄羅斯」是錯誤的國名，應當改為「白羅斯」，避免和俄羅斯混為一談。目前，該官網中文已改名為「白羅斯共和國駐華大使館」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180318/00178_021.html
- satellite
- nuclear
- payment
- automobile
- investor from china
Hong Kong
- cg in hk
- tax
- hk student
ntChina
- 東歐國家白俄羅斯駐中國大使館官網上周五刊文要求正名，表示漢語「白俄羅斯」是錯誤的國名，應當改為「白羅斯」，避免和俄羅斯混為一談。目前，該官網中文已改名為「白羅斯共和國駐華大使館」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180318/00178_021.html
- 众所周知，“俄罗斯（Russia）”如果直接翻译，应该是“罗斯”或“罗剎”，中国古代也有此种译法，日本翻译的“露西亚”同样是音译。但后来为 何演变为“俄罗斯”呢？这与蒙古人有关。在广袤亚欧大草原上游牧的蒙古人，较早接触到俄罗斯人。由于蒙古语无法直接发类似[ r ]的捲舌音，必须在前面加一个元音，故经过“包装”，就变成了“斡罗斯”、“鄂罗斯”。到了清代，由于满洲人与蒙古人的密切关系，直接採用了这种读法，字 面上最终统一为“俄罗斯”。而白俄罗斯（Belarus）的名字中，bela意为白色，rus就是罗斯人，这是意译加音译的做法。由于rus前已有bela作为前缀，就无需添加一个本就虚拟的“俄”。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180322/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
- 習近平訪問歐亞三國成果http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/05/13/a17-0513.pdf 經 貿：中國與白俄羅斯簽署了約20項協議，包括關於兩國間友好合作合同，未來全面發展戰略夥伴國關 係聯合聲明，加深兩國經貿關係備忘錄，以及關於技術經濟援助的協議，總價值達157億美元。 一帶一路：中國－白俄羅斯工業園項目實施步伐也不斷加快，這是中白兩國之間最大的投資合作項目，也是 繼「中巴經濟走廊」後又一個「一帶一路」的旗艦項目。白俄羅斯總統盧卡申科表示支持中國 「一帶一路」戰略。 其 他：中白將擴大人文和地方交流合作，夯實兩國友好的社會和民間基礎。中方將繼續支持白方辦好孔 子學院和中國文化日活動。今年是白俄羅斯「青年年」，中方邀請 100名白俄羅斯大學生來華交 流。
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/30/content_26944007.htm China and Belarus signed 26 documents on Thursday in Beijing to enhance cooperation in areas including investment, trade, education and science.The China-Belarus Great Stone Industrial Park, which the two countries are building together, is an important part of the Silk Road Economic Belt, he said. In a statement the two countries issued in May last year, China and Belarus said the park "is a strategic project in line with both countries' developmental interests". The aim is for the 90-square-kilometer park, which is 25 km from the Belarusian capital of Minsk, to become not only a logistics hub, but also an industrial and high-tech base, said Kiryl Rudy, Belarusian ambassador to China.
- 應白俄羅斯政府邀請，國家副主席王岐山當地時間5月27日至29日訪問白俄羅斯，在明斯克分別同盧卡申科總統、科比亞科夫總理舉行會見會談。會談中，雙方均強調了將更緊密推進「一帶一路」合作。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/30/a14-0530.pdf
- satellite
- 北京時間1月16日0時57分，中國在西昌衛星發射中心用長征三號乙運載火箭，將白俄羅斯通信衛星一號成功送入預定軌道。這是中國航天今年的「開門紅」發射，也是白俄羅斯擁有的第一顆通信衛星，還是中國首次整星出口歐洲市場。中國航天科技集團公司方面表示，這次發射任務是根據該集團所屬中國長城工業集團有限公司與白俄羅斯共和國單一制生產企業精密電子機械廠於2011年簽署的項目合同實施的。白俄羅斯通信衛星一號採用東方紅四號（DFH-4）衛星平台，發射質量為5,200千克，設計壽命15年。據介紹，衛星共有38路轉發器（20路C波段和18路Ku波段），計劃定點於東經51.5度地球同步軌道。白俄羅斯通信衛星一號的C波段設計有三個波束：非洲波束、東部波束和全球波束；Ku波段有兩個波束，包括歐洲波束和非洲波束。航天科技方面表示，白俄羅斯通信衛星一號主要用於白俄羅斯及周邊地區的廣播、電視、通信、遠程教育、寬帶多媒體服務等，將改善白俄羅斯國家基礎設施。白俄星也是中國首次向歐洲國家用戶提供通信衛星在軌交付服務，也是航天科技第九個整星出口項目，對進一步開拓國際航天市場具有積極意義。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/01/17/a13-0117.pdf
- Belarus' largest substation was completed Monday by a Chinese enterprise, marking its readiness to convert electricity for the first nuclear power plant in the eastern European country. After three years of construction by China's state-owned enterprise North China Power Engineering Co. Ltd, the 330-kV Pastvy substation, located in the northern state of Pastvy, can deliver 110 kV of power to the states of Grodno, Vitebsk and Minsk. Belarus' first nuclear power plant will be completed by 2020, the power transmission of which the Pastvy substation will play an important role, Belarus' Energy Minister Pottu Pucik said at a ceremony marking the completion of the substation. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-08/01/c_136491695.htm
- payment
- http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/04-12/253105.shtml BPS-Sberbank has become the second commercial bank in Belarus to accept China's UnionPay cards, according to Shanghai-based UnionPay International Wednesday. According to the agreement, BPS-Sberbank will accept and issue UnionPay cards within the year and the two parties will also cooperate on launching mobile payment services in Belarus. BPS-Sberbank is one of Belarus' largest commercial banks, with more than 10,000 POS terminals and over 600 ATMs. UnionPay cards have been accepted by ATMs and merchants under GazpromBank in Belarus since 2011.
- 12日，20馀位参加建筑企业管理培训班的白俄罗斯建筑业骨干实地考察了甘肃省科技馆和甘肃建投六建超高层精品建筑施工现场，俄方代表对兰州的建筑很感兴趣，特别是一些具有中国元素的仿古建筑。部分代表表示，这次培训水平很高，能够了解中国先进的建筑技术和特色建筑之馀，并希望有机会可以将中国元素建筑风格融入到他们国家建筑当中。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180115/PDF/a20_screen.pdf
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/12/01/a18-1201.pdf在首屆中國國際進口博覽會上，山東重工集團與白俄羅斯別拉斯集團簽署戰略合作協議，共同開發大型礦用卡車，引領全球行業發展。
- https://investinbelarus.by/en/press/news/sinomach_to_expand_business_in_belarus/ On December 12, NAIP hosted a meeting with Chinese SINOMACH. The company wishes to expand its operations in Belarus. Mr. Pei Chao, Deputy General Representative of SINOMACH in Belarus and nerby countries, informed about further plans to grow at the Belarusian market. The company is particularly interested in the projects of solid waste management, long-term social projects and in ecology.NAIP presented additional investment opportunities for the Chinese company and expressed its readiness to assist in the project implementation.
- automobile
- A joint venture between Belarus and Chinese carmaker Geely on Friday unveiled a plant producing Belarussian-made vehicles, targeting the Russian market.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-belarus-autos/chinas-geely-targets-russian-market-with-new-belarus-plant-idUSKBN1DH23F
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/27/WS5b835fd4a310add14f387eb2.html
- 濰柴集團董事長譚旭光日前在山東濰坊召開改革創新發展20周年新聞發布會上介紹，該集團在白俄羅斯中白工業園內建設的濰柴馬茲項目將於11月18日正式投產。譚旭光預測，今年下半年經濟形勢將呈現穩中減弱的態勢，目前濰柴集團的產業整合、全球布局已經基本完成，未來將堅定不移做好傳統業務，同時要加大發展新能源業務。馬茲集團是白俄羅斯最大的載重汽車生產企業之一，濰柴集團去年與該集團成立了合資公司，並且入住中白工業園。譚旭光笑稱這場談了十年的戀愛終修成正果。兩國裝備製造業實現了強強聯合，雙方將合作生產發動機，設計年產能為2萬台發動機。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180703/PDF/b3_screen.pdf
- The Belarusian Agriculture and Food Ministry on Monday signed a roadmap with two Chinese companies on agricultural and food cooperation. According to the roadmap, the two Chinese companies, Xinrongji Holding Group and DRex Food Group, will invest an estimated $1 billion in modernizing the enterprises in Belarus and building new ones, according to local media. A joint venture soon to be established with China in Belarus will export Belarusian agricultural products and food to China, with a monthly turnover of around $10 million, said Belarusian Minister of Agriculture and Food Leonid Zayats. In the future the joint venture will be authorized to purchase stakes in Belarusian dairy plants and expand the product range.http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2017-06/14/content_29733742.htm
- 在進博會上，集團與白俄羅斯農業和食品部簽署戰略合作協議http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181107/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
- 澎湃新聞引述「領事直通車」微信公號的消息稱，6月10日，國務委員兼外長王毅與白俄羅斯外長馬克伊代表兩國政府在青島簽署《中華人民共和國政府和白俄羅斯共和國政府關於互免持普通護照人員簽證的協定》。該協定將在雙方完成各自國內法律程序後生效。據新華社報道，白俄羅斯體育和旅遊部副部長波特諾伊於2017年9月25日表示，白方對於持申根簽證的中國遊客實施3天免簽入境政策。今年5月，白方對持有因公普通護照的中國公民給予30天免簽入境的優惠政策。免簽政策放寬以來，前往白俄羅斯的中國遊客人數增加了20%。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/06/12/a15-0612.pdf
- investor from china
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-12/28/content_22835865.htm China National Machinery Industry Corp (Sinomach) and China Merchants Group,as the main Chinese shareholders, have stepped up the construction of the China-Belarus Industrial Park to turn it into a high-tech industrial area with 180,000residents within 25 years. The project is the largest industrial park that China is involved in overseas and thelargest one in Belarus. It is expected to host more than 200 high-tech companiesand create more than 155,000 jobs when it is completed. "It is a key project in China's One Belt One Road program," said Luo Yan, chairmanof China-Belarus Industrial Park Development Co Ltd that is responsible for thecomprehensive development of the industrial park. It is a joint venture in whichChina holds a 68 percent stake and Belarus 32 percent. Sinomach, a State-owned enterprise that is a diversified international equipmentindustrial group committed to providing high quality services globally. China Merchants Group, a State-owned enterprise in Hong Kong that is animportant investor and operator in transport infrastructure industry, which focuseson transportation, financial and real estate industries.
- 白俄羅斯總統感謝狀頒發 儀式 3日在位於首都明斯克東郊的中白工業 園舉行，據新華社報道，即將離任回國的中 白工業園開發公司首席執行官胡政獲得白總 統盧卡申科頒發的感謝狀，成為首位獲此殊 榮的外國公民。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/01/05/a09-0105.pdf
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-10/26/content_33724722.htm"In less than two years, the infrastructure construction of the park was also finished in the same year, which was originally scheduled to be completed in 2018," Yaroshenko said. Yaroshenko said that these large Chinese companies were also the main shareholders of China-Belarus Industrial Park Development Company.
Hong Kong
- cg in hk
- tax
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/01/18/b03-0118.pdf 白俄羅斯共和國第 一 副 總 理 瓦 西 里 ． 馬 秋 舍 夫 斯 （Vasily Matyushevsky）近日帶領政府代表團訪問香港，香港特區 行政長官梁振英於本周一會見瓦西里．馬秋舍夫斯 時，雙方簽署全面性避免雙重課稅協定。
- Hong Kong SAR passport holders may visit Belarus visa-free for a stay of up to 14 days from February 13, the Immigration Department announced today.http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news.php?id=102079&sid=4
- investment forum “Belarus coming for Asia” https://investinbelarus.by/en/events/asianforum/
- hk student
- hkej 27feb15 a22
- national agency of investment and privatisation investinbelarus.by/en/
Dudutki
- Dudutki was first mentioned in the famous Old Russian literary monument "Lay of Igor's Warfare" written in the 12th century. Seven centuries later, the famous Belarusian family, the Elskies, created here a cultural center dedicated to the national music, crafts, and history, which was also known in other European countries. http://tobelarus.com/tourism-in-belarus/belarus-sightseeing/56-belarus-places-dudutki-pieces-of-belarus-history-restored.html
- no wikipedia page
- there are windmills
- http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2017-06/19/c_129635471_3.htm
白俄罗斯民俗节上的火把表演
company
- eurotorg
- The biggest food retailer in Belarus, Eurotorg, is planning to list its shares in London in the coming weeks, sources familiar with the matter said, potentially valuing the company at more than $3 billion. About $300 million of shares are slated to be sold in the first international listing by a Belarusian business, one of the sources said, adding that the offering of global depositary receipts could be launched as soon as next week.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurotorg-ipo-londonlse/belarus-food-retailer-eurotorg-plans-imminent-london-listing-sources-idUSKCN1MC2B0
- EWA konglomerat llc (exhibited at tdc toys fr)
- PP polesie (exhibited at tdc toys fr)
university
- The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, also known as BSUIR (Belarusian: Беларускі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт інфарматыкі і радыёэлектронікі), is a public Higher Education Institution accredited by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. Nowadays it is a large educational and scientific complex in Minsk, Belarus. BSUIR was founded on March 15, 1964, and plays a leading role in preparing its students in the fields of computer science, radioelectronics and telecommunications in Belarus.
- china
- The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR) and China's Hangzhou Dianzi University intend to work together to train cybersecurity specialists, BelTA learned from BSUIR Rector Mikhail Batura. A joint curriculum will be developed over the course of the next academic year, said the rector. The curriculum will include roughly the same number of Belarusian and Chinese disciplines. “Once the curriculum is approved by the Belarusian and Chinese education ministries, we will start training specialists,” said the official. The students will be taught in Belarus and China. Upon graduation they will get diplomas of both universities.
Read full text at: http://eng.belta.by/society/view/two-belarusian-chinese-universities-to-train-cybersecurity-specialists-together-103622-2017/
people
- Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Янко́вский; 23 February 1944 – 20 May 2009) was a Soviet/Russian actor who had excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals. In 1991, he became, together with Alla Pugacheva, the last person to be named a People's Artist of the USSR. Born into a noble family of Russian, Belarusian and Polish stock, son of Life-Guards Semenovsky regiment's Stabskapitän, Oleg Yankovsky formed an ambition to emulate his brother Rostislav and joined the Saratov Drama Theatre in 1965. His film career was launched two years later
- Marc Zakharovich Chagall (/ʃəˈɡɑːl/ shə-GAHL;[3][nb 1] born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal;[4] 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1887 – 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin.[1] An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic stylesand created works in virtually every artistic format, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints.Marc Chagall was born Moishe Segal in a Lithuanian Jewish Hassidic family in Liozna,[7] near the city of Vitebsk (Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire) in 1887.[note][8] At the time of his birth, Vitebsk's population was about 66,000, with half the population being Jewish.[5] A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called "Russian Toledo", after a cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire. As the city was built mostly of wood, little of it survived years of occupation and destruction during World War II. Chagall was the eldest of nine children. The family name, Shagal, is a variant of the name Segal, which in a Jewish community was usually borne by a Levitic family.[9] His father, Khatskl (Zachar) Shagal, was employed by a herring merchant, and his mother, Feige-Ite, sold groceries from their home.
- chinese surname translated as 夏
language
- https://www.quora.com/What-language-is-spoken-in-Belarus
- https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Belarusian-language-dying A lot of jokes about belarussians associated with potatoes, but I don't like it and think that it's not fun.
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-Latin-script-to-write-in-Belarusian
history
- The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia or Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus(SSRB; Belarusian: Савецкая Сацыялiстычная Рэспублiка Беларусь, Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; Russian: Социалистическая Советская Республика Белоруссия / ССРБ, Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika Belorussija / SSRB) was an early republic in the historical territory of Belarus after the collapse of the Russian Empire as a result of the October Revolution.
- The first time it was established by Bolsheviks on January 1, 1919 in Smolensk when the Red Army entered Belarusian lands following the retreated German army, which had been occupying the territory as a consequence of World War I. It was considered by Bolsheviks to be a buffer republic. In a month it was disbanded. Smolensk, Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces were included in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), and the remainder formed another buffer republic, the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel).
- The republic was re-established under the same name on July 31, 1920. However, in traditional Soviet historiography it has been referred to as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR), its name after the incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1922. Eventually, the SSRB was re-established as a political move in the context of the Polish-Soviet War, in a minuscule territory of 52,400 km² made of 6 uyezds of Minsk Governorate. The rest of the Belarusian lands remained split between Poland and the RSFSR.
- sanction
- https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/belarus_gl2g.pdf Executive Order 13405 of June 16, 2006 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus
EU
- https://www.ft.com/content/a0ecd9c4-ac57-11e7-aab9-abaa44b1e130 Belarus is calling for a new co-operation deal with the EU as the former Soviet state makes a cautious effort to improve ties with the west and strengthen its political independence. The call comes as signs grow of a potential thaw between Minsk and the 28-nation bloc. Alexander Lukashenko, the country’s authoritarian leader who for years was subject to EU sanctions, has been invited to take part in the EU’s Eastern Partnership summit in Brussels next month.
Russia
- The Union State (Russian: Союзное государство; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава), also referred to as the Union State of Russia and Belarus (Russian: Союзное государство России и Беларуси; Belarusian: Саюзная дзяржава Расіі і Беларусі), is a supranational union consisting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996.[2] The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997, with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia" at which time its name was changed to the Union of Belarus and Russia.[3]Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater political, economic, and social integration. Nevertheless, the nature of the political entity remained vague. Under pressure from his own political opponents, who argued for a reunion of the two states, and from Belarusian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko, who sought to tie his excessively weak economy to Russia's stronger one, then Russian President Boris Yeltsin initiated the creation of the Union in order to harmonize the political and economic differences between the two nations.[4] Kazakh PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev had put forward a similar proposal in 1994, envisioning the founding of a Eurasian union, but this proposal was not adopted until 29 May 2014 with the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belaruswas signed on 8 December 1999. The intention was to achieve a federation like the Soviet Union, with a common head of state, legislature, flag, coat of arms, anthem, constitution, army, citizenship, and currency. The Union was ratified by the Russian State Duma on 22 December 1999 and the National Assembly of Belarus on 26 January 2000. On the latter date the Treaty and the Union came into effect.
- http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/russia/
- Dairy and meat cattle breeding centers will be set up in Belarus and Russia under a Union State program, Alexander Budevich, deputy director general for science at the R&D Center for Animal Breeding, told the media, BelTA informs.
Read full text at: http://eng.belta.by/society/view/plans-to-build-dairy-and-meat-cattle-breeding-centers-in-belarus-russia-union-state-110684-2018/ - hkej 6apr18 shum article
- https://www.ft.com/content/7288bda6-a298-11e6-82c3-4351ce86813f Minsk battles to balance deep Russia ties with need for new foreign investment
China
- 東歐國家白俄羅斯駐中國大使館官網上周五刊文要求正名，表示漢語「白俄羅斯」是錯誤的國名，應當改為「白羅斯」，避免和俄羅斯混為一談。目前，該官網中文已改名為「白羅斯共和國駐華大使館」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180318/00178_021.html
- 众所周知，“俄罗斯（Russia）”如果直接翻译，应该是“罗斯”或“罗剎”，中国古代也有此种译法，日本翻译的“露西亚”同样是音译。但后来为 何演变为“俄罗斯”呢？这与蒙古人有关。在广袤亚欧大草原上游牧的蒙古人，较早接触到俄罗斯人。由于蒙古语无法直接发类似[ r ]的捲舌音，必须在前面加一个元音，故经过“包装”，就变成了“斡罗斯”、“鄂罗斯”。到了清代，由于满洲人与蒙古人的密切关系，直接採用了这种读法，字 面上最终统一为“俄罗斯”。而白俄罗斯（Belarus）的名字中，bela意为白色，rus就是罗斯人，这是意译加音译的做法。由于rus前已有bela作为前缀，就无需添加一个本就虚拟的“俄”。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180322/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
- 習近平訪問歐亞三國成果http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/05/13/a17-0513.pdf 經 貿：中國與白俄羅斯簽署了約20項協議，包括關於兩國間友好合作合同，未來全面發展戰略夥伴國關 係聯合聲明，加深兩國經貿關係備忘錄，以及關於技術經濟援助的協議，總價值達157億美元。 一帶一路：中國－白俄羅斯工業園項目實施步伐也不斷加快，這是中白兩國之間最大的投資合作項目，也是 繼「中巴經濟走廊」後又一個「一帶一路」的旗艦項目。白俄羅斯總統盧卡申科表示支持中國 「一帶一路」戰略。 其 他：中白將擴大人文和地方交流合作，夯實兩國友好的社會和民間基礎。中方將繼續支持白方辦好孔 子學院和中國文化日活動。今年是白俄羅斯「青年年」，中方邀請 100名白俄羅斯大學生來華交 流。
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/30/content_26944007.htm China and Belarus signed 26 documents on Thursday in Beijing to enhance cooperation in areas including investment, trade, education and science.The China-Belarus Great Stone Industrial Park, which the two countries are building together, is an important part of the Silk Road Economic Belt, he said. In a statement the two countries issued in May last year, China and Belarus said the park "is a strategic project in line with both countries' developmental interests". The aim is for the 90-square-kilometer park, which is 25 km from the Belarusian capital of Minsk, to become not only a logistics hub, but also an industrial and high-tech base, said Kiryl Rudy, Belarusian ambassador to China.
- 應白俄羅斯政府邀請，國家副主席王岐山當地時間5月27日至29日訪問白俄羅斯，在明斯克分別同盧卡申科總統、科比亞科夫總理舉行會見會談。會談中，雙方均強調了將更緊密推進「一帶一路」合作。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/30/a14-0530.pdf
- satellite
- 北京時間1月16日0時57分，中國在西昌衛星發射中心用長征三號乙運載火箭，將白俄羅斯通信衛星一號成功送入預定軌道。這是中國航天今年的「開門紅」發射，也是白俄羅斯擁有的第一顆通信衛星，還是中國首次整星出口歐洲市場。中國航天科技集團公司方面表示，這次發射任務是根據該集團所屬中國長城工業集團有限公司與白俄羅斯共和國單一制生產企業精密電子機械廠於2011年簽署的項目合同實施的。白俄羅斯通信衛星一號採用東方紅四號（DFH-4）衛星平台，發射質量為5,200千克，設計壽命15年。據介紹，衛星共有38路轉發器（20路C波段和18路Ku波段），計劃定點於東經51.5度地球同步軌道。白俄羅斯通信衛星一號的C波段設計有三個波束：非洲波束、東部波束和全球波束；Ku波段有兩個波束，包括歐洲波束和非洲波束。航天科技方面表示，白俄羅斯通信衛星一號主要用於白俄羅斯及周邊地區的廣播、電視、通信、遠程教育、寬帶多媒體服務等，將改善白俄羅斯國家基礎設施。白俄星也是中國首次向歐洲國家用戶提供通信衛星在軌交付服務，也是航天科技第九個整星出口項目，對進一步開拓國際航天市場具有積極意義。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/01/17/a13-0117.pdf
- Belarus' largest substation was completed Monday by a Chinese enterprise, marking its readiness to convert electricity for the first nuclear power plant in the eastern European country. After three years of construction by China's state-owned enterprise North China Power Engineering Co. Ltd, the 330-kV Pastvy substation, located in the northern state of Pastvy, can deliver 110 kV of power to the states of Grodno, Vitebsk and Minsk. Belarus' first nuclear power plant will be completed by 2020, the power transmission of which the Pastvy substation will play an important role, Belarus' Energy Minister Pottu Pucik said at a ceremony marking the completion of the substation. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-08/01/c_136491695.htm
- payment
- http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/04-12/253105.shtml BPS-Sberbank has become the second commercial bank in Belarus to accept China's UnionPay cards, according to Shanghai-based UnionPay International Wednesday. According to the agreement, BPS-Sberbank will accept and issue UnionPay cards within the year and the two parties will also cooperate on launching mobile payment services in Belarus. BPS-Sberbank is one of Belarus' largest commercial banks, with more than 10,000 POS terminals and over 600 ATMs. UnionPay cards have been accepted by ATMs and merchants under GazpromBank in Belarus since 2011.
- 12日，20馀位参加建筑企业管理培训班的白俄罗斯建筑业骨干实地考察了甘肃省科技馆和甘肃建投六建超高层精品建筑施工现场，俄方代表对兰州的建筑很感兴趣，特别是一些具有中国元素的仿古建筑。部分代表表示，这次培训水平很高，能够了解中国先进的建筑技术和特色建筑之馀，并希望有机会可以将中国元素建筑风格融入到他们国家建筑当中。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180115/PDF/a20_screen.pdf
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/12/01/a18-1201.pdf在首屆中國國際進口博覽會上，山東重工集團與白俄羅斯別拉斯集團簽署戰略合作協議，共同開發大型礦用卡車，引領全球行業發展。
- https://investinbelarus.by/en/press/news/sinomach_to_expand_business_in_belarus/ On December 12, NAIP hosted a meeting with Chinese SINOMACH. The company wishes to expand its operations in Belarus. Mr. Pei Chao, Deputy General Representative of SINOMACH in Belarus and nerby countries, informed about further plans to grow at the Belarusian market. The company is particularly interested in the projects of solid waste management, long-term social projects and in ecology.NAIP presented additional investment opportunities for the Chinese company and expressed its readiness to assist in the project implementation.
- automobile
- A joint venture between Belarus and Chinese carmaker Geely on Friday unveiled a plant producing Belarussian-made vehicles, targeting the Russian market.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-belarus-autos/chinas-geely-targets-russian-market-with-new-belarus-plant-idUSKBN1DH23F
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/27/WS5b835fd4a310add14f387eb2.html
- 濰柴集團董事長譚旭光日前在山東濰坊召開改革創新發展20周年新聞發布會上介紹，該集團在白俄羅斯中白工業園內建設的濰柴馬茲項目將於11月18日正式投產。譚旭光預測，今年下半年經濟形勢將呈現穩中減弱的態勢，目前濰柴集團的產業整合、全球布局已經基本完成，未來將堅定不移做好傳統業務，同時要加大發展新能源業務。馬茲集團是白俄羅斯最大的載重汽車生產企業之一，濰柴集團去年與該集團成立了合資公司，並且入住中白工業園。譚旭光笑稱這場談了十年的戀愛終修成正果。兩國裝備製造業實現了強強聯合，雙方將合作生產發動機，設計年產能為2萬台發動機。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180703/PDF/b3_screen.pdf
- The Belarusian Agriculture and Food Ministry on Monday signed a roadmap with two Chinese companies on agricultural and food cooperation. According to the roadmap, the two Chinese companies, Xinrongji Holding Group and DRex Food Group, will invest an estimated $1 billion in modernizing the enterprises in Belarus and building new ones, according to local media. A joint venture soon to be established with China in Belarus will export Belarusian agricultural products and food to China, with a monthly turnover of around $10 million, said Belarusian Minister of Agriculture and Food Leonid Zayats. In the future the joint venture will be authorized to purchase stakes in Belarusian dairy plants and expand the product range.http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2017-06/14/content_29733742.htm
- 在進博會上，集團與白俄羅斯農業和食品部簽署戰略合作協議http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181107/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
- 澎湃新聞引述「領事直通車」微信公號的消息稱，6月10日，國務委員兼外長王毅與白俄羅斯外長馬克伊代表兩國政府在青島簽署《中華人民共和國政府和白俄羅斯共和國政府關於互免持普通護照人員簽證的協定》。該協定將在雙方完成各自國內法律程序後生效。據新華社報道，白俄羅斯體育和旅遊部副部長波特諾伊於2017年9月25日表示，白方對於持申根簽證的中國遊客實施3天免簽入境政策。今年5月，白方對持有因公普通護照的中國公民給予30天免簽入境的優惠政策。免簽政策放寬以來，前往白俄羅斯的中國遊客人數增加了20%。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/06/12/a15-0612.pdf
- investor from china
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-12/28/content_22835865.htm China National Machinery Industry Corp (Sinomach) and China Merchants Group,as the main Chinese shareholders, have stepped up the construction of the China-Belarus Industrial Park to turn it into a high-tech industrial area with 180,000residents within 25 years. The project is the largest industrial park that China is involved in overseas and thelargest one in Belarus. It is expected to host more than 200 high-tech companiesand create more than 155,000 jobs when it is completed. "It is a key project in China's One Belt One Road program," said Luo Yan, chairmanof China-Belarus Industrial Park Development Co Ltd that is responsible for thecomprehensive development of the industrial park. It is a joint venture in whichChina holds a 68 percent stake and Belarus 32 percent. Sinomach, a State-owned enterprise that is a diversified international equipmentindustrial group committed to providing high quality services globally. China Merchants Group, a State-owned enterprise in Hong Kong that is animportant investor and operator in transport infrastructure industry, which focuseson transportation, financial and real estate industries.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-10/26/content_33724722.htm"In less than two years, the infrastructure construction of the park was also finished in the same year, which was originally scheduled to be completed in 2018," Yaroshenko said. Yaroshenko said that these large Chinese companies were also the main shareholders of China-Belarus Industrial Park Development Company.
Hong Kong
- cg in hk
- tax
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/01/18/b03-0118.pdf 白俄羅斯共和國第 一 副 總 理 瓦 西 里 ． 馬 秋 舍 夫 斯 （Vasily Matyushevsky）近日帶領政府代表團訪問香港，香港特區 行政長官梁振英於本周一會見瓦西里．馬秋舍夫斯 時，雙方簽署全面性避免雙重課稅協定。
- Hong Kong SAR passport holders may visit Belarus visa-free for a stay of up to 14 days from February 13, the Immigration Department announced today.http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news.php?id=102079&sid=4
- investment forum “Belarus coming for Asia” https://investinbelarus.by/en/events/asianforum/
- hk student
- hkej 27feb15 a22
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