Arab people

The Bedouin or Bedu (/ˈbɛduɪn/; Arabic: بَدْو‎ badw, singular Arabic: بَدَوِي‎ badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab people who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant. The English word bedouin comes from the Arabic badawī, which means "desert dweller", and is traditionally contrasted with ḥāḍir, the term for sedentary people. Bedouin territory stretches from the vast deserts of North Africa to the rocky sands of the Middle East. They are traditionally divided into tribes, or clans (known in Arabic as ʿašāʾir; عَشَائِر), and share a common culture of herding camels and goats. The vast majority of Bedouin adhere to Islam. Bedouins have been referred to by various names throughout history, including Qedarites in the Old Testament and Arabaa by the Assyrians (ar-ba-a-a being a nisba of the noun Arab, a name still used for Bedouins today). They are referred to as the ʾAʿrāb (أعراب) in the Quran. While many Bedouins have abandoned their nomadic and tribal traditions for a modern urban lifestyle, many retain traditional Bedouin culture such as retaining the traditional ʿašāʾir clan structure, traditional music, poetry, dances (such as saas), and many other cultural practices and concepts.^{[citation needed]} Urbanised Bedouins often organise cultural festivals, usually held several times a year, in which they gather with other Bedouins to partake in and learn about various Bedouin traditions—from poetry recitation and traditional sword dances to playing traditional instruments and even classes teaching traditional tent knitting. Traditions like camel riding and camping in the deserts are still popular leisure activities for urbanised Bedouins who live within close proximity to deserts or other wilderness areas.
- camels was the primary mode of transportation and main source of milk, meat and wool.  Nomadic people erect tents made chiefly of wool and animal hide.  Clothing consists of a flowing garment and a headscarf that offered protection against the harsh desert sun and fine grains of blowing sand. Male costume was characterised by a dagger (khanjar) which was used a weapon and a traditional fashion accessory.
- notable people

•  Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (Arabic: عمر حسن أحمد البشير‎, pronounced [ba'ʃiːr];^[1] born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese politician who is currently the seventh president of Sudan and head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south.^[2] Since then, he has been elected three times as President in elections that have been under scrutiny for corruption.^[3] In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting president to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur.Al-Bashir was born in Hosh Bannaga, just north of the capital, Khartoum, to a family of Arab descent. He belongs to Al-Bedairyya Al-Dahmashyya, a Bedouin tribe belonging to the larger Ja'alin coalition,^[24] an Arab tribe in middle north of Sudan, in the past a part of the Kingdom of Egypt and Sudan.

- heritage village in dubai, uae

• handicrafts based on mud and stone
• traditional souq: handicrafts such as al safara-al siyagha (making silver and gold), smithery and al katanah
• traditional dances including al liwa, al andeema and al haban are dances adapted through commercial activities form neighbouring countries such as africa
• irrigation system is call al yazrah, whereby an ox was used to pull water from the deep wells to irrigate large farms.  Al Megrafah is another irrigation system that was common then at small farms and at low level water areas such as valleys
• handicrafts relating to the sea - al jalafa; al taraqa; al rawabah; manufacturing garageer (kind of fish nets) and al dawabi; manufacuturing small sizes fishing boats called al shasha, which are made of palm fronds used always at the sea shores
• traditional medicine - al wasem; al hijama; herbs; orthopedics

- tribes

• The Rashaida, Rashaayda or Bani Rashid (Arabic: بني رشيد, الرشايدة‎) is a tribe of ethnic Bedouin Arabs descending from Banu Abs native to the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. They currently inhabit Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Palestine, Jordan, Eritrea, Sudan, Libya and Tunisia.^[1][2] In 1846, many Rashaida migrated from the Hejaz region in present-day Saudi Arabia into what is now Sudan, Kuwait, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al-Quwain, United Arab Emirates and Western Malaysia after tribal warfare had broken out in their homeland. They are present in other Arab countries too, such as Egypt, Libya, Palestine. Large numbers of Bani Rasheed are also found on the Arabian Peninsula. The Bani Rasheed are descendants of the Banu Abs tribe. The Rashaida keep their traditional dress, culture, customs, camel breeds and practice of Sunni Islam.^[4] The racing camel breeds of the Rashaida tribe are prized all over Sudan and the Arabian Peninsula and fetch very high prices.

• sudan

•  The Arabic-speaking Rashaidacame to Sudan from Arabia about 90 years ago.

- arts and culture

• ********Al Taghrouda comprises chanted poetry during which the vocalist tries to raise his voice while enjoying his own warble chants with a group of listeners. Taghrouda includes a poetry duel when one contestant starts with a poetry line, prompting the other to respond with a line similar in rhyme. These exchanged lines hold meanings, creating a new poem full of linguistic creativity, praise and satire. This art was often used in rural areas when two or three people searched for a lost camel or horse to hasten their search. Al-Taghrouda, which is popular at weddings, is also performed on horseback to urge horses to speed up. The equestrian taghrouda is usually about courage, bravery and magnanimity.
• Al Sadu is a traditional form of weaving practised by Bedouin women in rural communities of the United Arab Emirates to produce soft furnishings and decorative accessories for camels and horses. Bedouin men shear the sheep, camels and goats, and the wool is cleaned and prepared by the women. The yarn is spun on a drop spindle, then dyed, then woven on a floor loom using a warp-faced plain weave. The traditional colours are black, white, brown, beige and red, with distinctive patterns in the form of narrow bands of geometric designs. Weavers often gather in small groups to spin and weave, exchanging family news and occasionally chanting and reciting poetry. Such gatherings are the traditional means of transmission: girls learn by watching, and are gradually given tasks to do, such as sorting the wool, before learning the more intricate skills involved. https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silk-road-themes/intangible-cultural-heritage/al-sadu-traditional-weaving-skills-united-arab

• Sadu House in Kuwait was established by the Al Sadu Society in 1980 to protect the interests of the Bedouins and Sadu weaving. 

- jordan

• hket 16sep19 cheung cui yung article on beduoin people in petra

https://www.quora.com/How-do-Gulf-and-Levantine-Arabs-differ

perception of other people
- https://www.quora.com/Do-Arabs-often-call-Northern-European-looking-people-white-If-so-why-if-Arabs-are-Caucasian-as-well

diaspora
- usa

• The US has also been able to integrate Arabs into society as well for similar factors. Like in Latin America, the vast majority of Arab immigrants between 1880–1960s were Christians from the Levant and were able to win being classified as “white”, and many of them also anglicized their names and switched from Arabic to English to being their everyday tongue. Arab immigrants might of face prejudice by dominant WASP (White/Wealthy Anglo-Saxon Protestants), but the prejudice they faced then was more like the prejudice that the Irish, Italians, Polish, and other undesirable ethnic groups. They were basically were tolerated, but were not fully accepted.Muslim immigration among Arabs gradually began to exceed Christians starting in 1965 when the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was passed which eliminated all racial and religious quotas that were passed by previous Immigrations Acts such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Immigration Act of 1924.
  But despite Muslims outnumbering Christians among recent Arab immigrants, Christians still make up the majority of Arab Americans of about 63% while Muslims are about 24%. In fact the Christians still make up the majority among Syrian, Lebanese, Jordanian, and Egyptian Americans.https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Latin-America-able-to-integrate-Arabs-so-well-while-the-rest-of-the-world-seems-incapable-of-this

- latin america

• https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Latin-America-able-to-integrate-Arabs-so-well-while-the-rest-of-the-world-seems-incapable-of-this

history
- https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Arabs-able-to-defeat-both-the-Byzantine-and-Persian-Empires-and-take-their-territories-for-themselves

china
- 大食是波斯語Tay的音譯，讀dayi，不是dashi；而且大食是阿拉伯部落，波斯人用tay來稱呼他們；在我國，大食一名最早出現在《史記》和《漢書》中所說的條支。到了隋唐時期，這一詞便被翻譯為大食，或者多食、多氏、大寔。直到現在這一名字還在用，比如烏茲別克斯坦的首都塔什干中的塔什二字，再如塔吉克斯坦的塔吉克三字，和條支、大食等等，其實都是一個詞。
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/history/4pbjz2x.html - note the map!!!- 大食原為伊朗對阿拉伯一部族之稱，後為中國唐、宋時期對阿拉伯人、阿拉伯帝國的泛稱。按其民族服裝顏色分白衣大食、黑衣大食、綠衣大食三種。按其民族服裝顏色分白衣大食、黑衣大食、綠衣大食三種。阿拔斯王朝為阿拉伯帝國的第二個世襲王朝，古代中國史籍中稱之為黑衣大食。於750年取代倭馬亞王朝，定都巴格達，後於1258年被蒙古旭烈兀西征所滅。阿拔斯王室是伊斯蘭教先知穆罕默德的叔父阿拔斯的後裔，在該王朝統治時期，中世紀的伊斯蘭教世界達到了極盛。白衣大食指倭馬亞王朝，中文又譯伍麥葉王朝、奧美亞王朝，是阿拉伯伊斯蘭帝國的第一個世襲制王朝。在伊斯蘭教最初四位哈里發執政結束後，由前敘利亞總督穆阿維葉所創建。統治時間自公元661年始，至公元750年終。它的版圖，東起印度河和帕米爾高原，西至大西洋的比斯開灣，南自尼羅河下游，北達裏海和鹹海南緣，橫跨歐、亞、非三大洲的土地，是當時世界上領土最廣大的帝國。法蒂瑪王朝，中國史籍稱之為綠衣大食，西方文獻又名南薩拉森帝國。以伊斯蘭先知穆罕默德之女法蒂瑪得名。909年，奧貝德拉伊斯蘭教什葉派首領在突尼斯以法蒂瑪和阿里的後裔自居，自稱哈里發，建都馬赫迪亞，攻打摩洛哥的伊德里斯王朝，征服摩洛哥，並進而佔領整個馬格里布。969年哈里發穆伊茲派部將喬海爾征服阿拉伯帝國統治下的埃及，973年遷都開羅。1171年法蒂瑪王朝大臣薩拉丁在近衛軍支持下發動政變，推翻法蒂瑪王朝的哈里發阿迪德，建立阿尤布王朝，法蒂瑪王朝滅亡。
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/history/p44qz2j.html

hong kong

- 擁有阿 拉伯血統、本姓穆 罕默德的香港舞王 麥德羅http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/09/15/a24-0915.pdf