- [manuscript hunter] when buccaneers sacked the port of trujillo in 1643, spanish abandoned that port to relocate the capital to santa maria de la nueva valladolid (also called comayagua)
Copán is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in the Copán Department of western Honduras, not far from the border with Guatemala. It was the capital city of a major Classic period kingdom from the 5th to 9th centuries AD. The city was in the extreme southeast of the Mesoamerican cultural region, on the frontier with the Isthmo-Colombian cultural region, and was almost surrounded by non-Maya peoples. Copán was occupied for more than two thousand years, from the Early Preclassic period to the Postclassic. The city developed a distinctive sculptural style within the tradition of the lowland Maya, perhaps to emphasize the Maya ethnicity of the city's rulers. The city has a historical record that spans the greater part of the Classic period and has been reconstructed in detail by archaeologists and epigraphers.[2]Copán was a powerful city ruling a vast kingdom within the southern Maya area.[3] The city suffered a major political disaster in AD 738 when Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil, one of the greatest kings in Copán's dynastic history, was captured and executed by his former vassal, the king of Quiriguá.[4] This unexpected defeat resulted in a 17-year hiatus at the city, during which time Copán may have been subject to Quiriguá in a reversal of fortunes.
Puerto Cortés, originally known as Puerto de Caballos Gil González Dávila founded the city in 1524 and called Villa de la Natividad de Nuestra Señora, now known as Cieneguita. In 1526 Hernán Cortés came to punish González Dávila and when he arrived on Honduras' coast from Mexicoand started unloading horses and cargo from the ships, several horses were drowned, and for that reason Cortés called it Puerto Caballos. By 1533, a local native leader, called Çiçumba (or Çoçumba, or Socremba, or Joamba - the Spanish recorded many variants of his name) had destroyed the town, reportedly taking a woman from Sevilla, Spain captive. After Çiçumba's defeat in 1536 by Pedro de Alvarado, a new town, Puerto de Caballos was founded on the southern shore of the body of water known as the Laguna de Alvarado. The English attacked Puerto Caballos as they did other places along the Honduran coast.Christopher Newport briefly occupied the town in the Battle of Puerto Caballos, part of the Anglo–Spanish War. Because it was vulnerable to pirates until the building of the Spanish fort at Omoa in the 18th century, it had few permanent residents in the 16th and 17th centuries. People preferred to come out to the coast from San Pedro when a ship came into port. In 1869 Puerto Caballos changed its name to Puerto Cortés in honour of Hernán Cortés.
- The proposal to construct an "inter-oceanic railway" (Ferrocarril Interoceánico) in 1850, a product of the demand for transport from the Atlantic to the Pacific caused by the United States Gold Rush of 1849, began with the anchoring of the railroad at Puerto Cortés. The rail line construction had many problems. In 1876 President Marco Aurelio Soto nationalised the Trans-Oceanic Railroad, which only reached to San Pedro Sula. When the Panama Canal was completed in 1903, the alternative plan to connect the coasts was abandoned. The region became an early centre for banana production in Hondurasthrough cultivation and export, and the port was a leader in the export of bananas. The early banana export industry came to be dominated by foreigners; among the first foreigners to obtain a government concession was William Frederick Streich of Philadelphia in 1902. His concession was in the vicinity of Omoa and both banks of the Cuyamel River. However, in 1910 Samuel Zemurray's Cuyamel Fruit Companypurchased these 5,000 acres, but soon branched out, both with more land and with political and tax concessions, especially after Zemurray installed Manuel Bonilla in office as president using mercenaries hired in the area and abroad. In addition to awarding Cuyamel additional land, Bonilla also waived the company's tax obligations. Cuyamel had built port facilities at Omoa, but also began using the facilities at Puerto Cortés and soon came to dominate them to the point that local shippers had to ask Cuyamel's permission to use the port.[5] In 1918, Cuyamel constructed a railroad spur into Puerto Cortés, and in 1920 he obtained effective control over the National Railroad, and from this and a network of clandestine railroads the company effectively controlled all transport to the port.[6] When Zemurray sold Cuyamel Fruit to United Fruit in 1929, the giant company had great influence in Puerto Cortés and in Honduras as a whole.
- In 1966, the Empresa Nacional Portuaria (Honduras National Port Authority)[7] was created. A free trade zone was created in 1976. Among all worldwide seaports that export containers with goods with destination to USA, Puerto Cortés is the 36th in terms of volume.
university
- The National Autonomous University of Honduras (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras) is the national public university of Honduras. It was founded in 1847 and has many campuses throughout the country.On October 15, 1957 the autonomy of UNAH was passed by decree and since then UNAH has received 6% of the government's educational budget.
people
- Juan Orlando Hernández Alvarado, often written as JOH (born 28 October 1968), is a former businessman and the fifty-fifth and current president of Honduras, who assumed office on January 27, 2014, after winning the 2013 Honduran presidential election. He is a member of the conservative National Party of Honduras. Hernández was the president of the National Congress of Hondurasbetween January 2010 and June 2013, when he was given permission by the Congress to absent himself from all responsibilities in the Congress to dedicate himself to his presidential campaign. Hernández was born in Gracias, Honduras, to Juan Hernández Villanueva and Elvira Alvarado Castillo, as the fifteenth of seventeen children. His siblings include Hilda Hernández (1966–2017) and Juan Antonio Hernández, known as Tony and currently a deputy in the National Congress. A lawyer and notary, he graduated from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras in social and legal sciences and studied legislation, and was president of the Association of Students 1988-1989. He has a master's degree in public administration from the State University of New York. He was a businessman in coffee cultivation in his native Gracias and in the radio and television industries, as well as being an owner of hotels. He gained notoriety in Honduras when Liberal leader Rafael Pineda Ponce described him as a “cipote malcriado” (poorly raised kid).
Juan Orlando Hernández, who represented Lempira Department since 2001, was elected head of a National Congress where the National Party had a comfortable majority, on January 21, 2010, and took office four days later.
- In May 2015, Radio Globo discovered documents that allegedly showed that the Honduran National Party had received large amounts of cash from nonexistent companies through fraudulent contracts awarded by the IHSS when it was run by Mario Zelaya. The contracts were approved by congress when Hernández was its president and the party funding committee was headed by his sister, Hilda Hernández. Hernández has accepted that his election campaign received money from companies tied to the scandal, but denies any personal knowledge. By June 2015, Hernández had appointed a commission to investigate the cause of the corruption.
- On October 7. 2015, the United States Department of Justice released a statement saying that Jaime Rosenthal, his son Yani Rosenthal and nephew Yankel Rosenthal, as well as seven other businesses, were labeled "specially designated narcotics traffickers" under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act, the first time this had been used against a bank outside the United States. As a result, the Honduran National Commission for Banks and Insurance (Comisión Nacional de Banca y Seguros, CNBS), forcibly liquidated the Banco Continental, property of the Rosenthal family, which was closed as of Monday, October 12, 2015, as well as other businesses and properties allegedly involved in money laundering. Hernández said that the financial system "is solid" and made it clear that this "is a problem between Banco Continental and the USA justice system".
- The US Central Intelligence Agency listed Hilda Hernández as "Secretaria de Estado de Comunicación y Estrategia" ("Secretary of State of Communication and Strategy"). When questioned by journalist Fernando del Rincón of CNN en Español over the appointment of his sister, Juan Orlando Hernández said that his sister did not hold any position of Secretary of State (but rather, "Advising Minister") and did not manage a budget. On 2 January 2016 Hilda Hernández left her position in the government. In December 2017, Hilda was killed in a helicopter crash near Lepaterique.
ethnic/indigenous people
- https://www.ft.com/content/5e2cdde6-03b0-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9 A group of Honduran farmers embroiled in a long-running land rights dispute has accused the World Bank’s private sector arm of “knowingly profiting from the financing of murder” as it extended millions of dollars in loans to one of the country’s largest landowners.
- http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/indigenouspeoples/brief/honduras-and-indigenous-people Some Civil Society Organizations are presenting a distorted portrayal of comments World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim made during an April 6, 2016 speech at Union Theological Seminary in New York. The World Bank feels the need to set the record straight. In his remarks on April 6, Kim called Ms. Cáceres’ murder “incredibly tragic,” and he stated at that event that “our commitment is to hear the voices of the Berta Cácereses of the world. We have to hear those voices.” Referring to the impacts of involuntary resettlement in the development of infrastructure, Kim stated, “If we are doing something that’s really bad, and it’s really offending or really taking livelihoods away, tell us what it is, we will stop it and we’ll try to make it right. Because this work -- you cannot do the kind of work we are trying to do and not have some of these incidents happen. We just have to be honest when it happens, admit it, and then try to fix it as best we can.” To suggest that Kim was referring to Ms. Cáceres’ murder is dishonest and reprehensible. Some organizations have called for the World Bank to withdraw funding for the construction of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric Project in Honduras. But the World Bank Group has never invested in the Agua Zarca project. Several years ago, an investee fund of our private sector arm, IFC, considered financing the project. However, no investment was ever made.
- chinese in honduras
- hkej 20feb19 c5
taiwan
- 台灣的副總統陳建仁原定出席洪都拉斯新總統就職典禮，行程突然被取消；台灣的外交部昨證實，經洪國外交部確認，本次總統就職典禮將僅邀請駐洪國使節觀禮，陳建仁未有受邀，確定不前往洪國。對此，台外交部表示，尊重並理解該國政府之決定，駐洪國大使屆時將代表政府出席致賀。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180111/00178_011.html
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