- **** 爪羽鶏 麝雉 The hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin), also known as the reptile bird, skunk bird, stinkbird, or Canje pheasant, is a species of tropical bird found in swamps, riparian forests, and mangroves of the Amazon and the Orinoco basins in South America. It is notable for having chicks that have claws on two of their wing digits.
- https://www.quora.com/If-birds-evolved-from-dinosaurs-do-we-know-of-any-specific-species-of-bird-that-is-a-direct-descendant-of-a-specific-species-of-dinosaur
- 湖北神農架太陽坪生態保護中心人員，周一整理紅外線相機數據時，發現相機月初拍下一段巨型金雕獵食的畫面，經鑑定，該「神雕」是國家一級保護動物金雕。金雕分布於北半球溫帶至寒帶的多山、丘陵地區，威武敏捷。成鳥翼展平均超過兩米，身高超過一米，以大中型鳥類和獸類為食。神農架以前也發現過金雕，但體形較小。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191129/00178_019.html
-秃鹫又称兀鹫、灵鹫、狗头雕、座山雕或秃鹰 Gyps (from Greek γύψ gýps, "vulture") is a genus of Old World vultures in the bird family Accipitridae. Created by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809. Geier (Vogel)A vulture is a scavenging bird of prey. The two types of vultures are the New World vultures, including the Californian and Andean condors, and the Old World vultures, including the birds that are seen scavenging on carcasses of dead animals on African plains. Some traditional Old World vultures (including the bearded vulture) are not closely related to the others, which is why the vultures are to be subdivided into three taxa rather than two. New World vultures are found in North and South America; Old World vultures are found in Europe, Africa, and Asia, meaning that between the two groups, vultures are found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald head, devoid of normal feathers. Although it has been historically believed to help keep the head clean when feeding, the bare skin may play an important role in thermoregulation. Vultures have been observed to hunch their bodies and tuck in their heads in the cold, and open their wings and stretch their necks in the heat. A group of vultures is called a kettle, committee or wake. The term kettle refers to vultures in flight, while committee refers to vultures resting on the ground or in trees. Wake is reserved for a group of vultures that are feeding. The word Geier (taken from the German language) does not have a precise meaning in ornithology; it is occasionally used to refer to a vulture in English, as in some poetry.
- Le Vautour africain (Gyps africanus) The white-backed vulture (Gyps africanus) is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is closely related to the European griffon vulture, G. fulvus. Sometimes it is called African white-backed vulture to distinguish it from the Oriental white-backed vulture — nowadays usually called white-rumped vulture — to which it was formerly believed to be closely related.
- 白兀鷲（學名：Neophron percnopterus），又名埃及禿鷲 The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), also called the white scavenger vulture or pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture and the only member of the genus Neophron. It is widely distributed; the Egyptian vulture is found from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to India. The contrasting underwing pattern and wedge-shaped tail make it distinctive in flight as it soars in thermals during the warmer parts of the day. Egyptian vultures feed mainly on carrion but are opportunistic and will prey on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. They also feed on the eggs of other birds, breaking larger ones by tossing a large pebble onto them.
- 蒼鷹（Accipiter gentilis），別名牙鷹, オオタカ（大鷹、accipiter gentilis）The northern goshawk /ˈɡɒs.hɔːk/ (Old English: gōsheafoc, "goose-hawk"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers. As a species in the Accipiter genus, the goshawk is often considered a "true hawk".[3] The scientific name is Latin; Accipiter is "hawk", from accipere, "to grasp", and gentilis is "noble" or "gentle" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.Der Habicht (Accipiter gentilis) ist ein Greifvogel, der zur Familie der Habichtartigen (Accipitridae) gehört. Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Art umfasst die arktischen bis subtropischen Zonen der Holarktis.
- note the flag of azoren (in deutsch) / azores (in english), an autonomous region in portugal, has the bird in it.
- 金正恩專機蒼鷹一號是烏克蘭最新設計的安托諾夫148型客機，該機於2004年首次試飛，5年後投入商業生產。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180210/00180_003.html
- foal eagle 鹞鹰属鹰科(Accipitridae)鹞亚科(Circinae)约11种鸟类。体细瘦，体羽单色不鲜豔，腿长，尾长，低飞于草甸和沼泽上，觅食鼠、蛇、蛙、小鸟和昆虫。体长约50公分(20吋)。雀鹰，猛禽的一种，比鹰小，羽毛灰褐色，腹部白色，有赤褐色横斑，脚黄色。鹞鹰繁殖于整个北半球的温带和北方地区以及南美洲的南部。白头鹞(C. aeruginosus)和孟塔古氏鹞(C. pygargus, 即乌灰鹞)分布于欧洲的大部分，从北非的地中海岸到蒙古一带。草原鹞(C. macrourus)繁殖于波罗的海到欧洲东南部和中亚。
- Foal Eagle (Korean: 독수리 연습) is a combined field training exercise (FTX) conducted annually by the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and the United States Armed Forcesunder the auspices of the Combined Forces Command. It is one of the largest military exercises conducted annually in the world. Foal Eagle has been a source of friction with the government of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and domestic ROK critics.
- Most historians agree that the coat of arms of Ukraine, the medieval symbol, was not intended to depict a trident, but most likely a stylized falcon. Depictions of a flying falcon with a cross above its head have been found in Old Ladoga, the first seat of Kievan Rurik dynasty,[31] of Scandinavian lineage.[32] The falcon along with a cross is also featured on the coins of the Viking King Olaf Guthfrithsson.[31] For centuries falconry has been a royal sport in Europe. Also known also as the Norwegian falcon, it was considered a royal bird and is mentioned (uk: кречет) in one of the earliest epics of Ruthenia, the 12th century poem The Tale of Igor's Campaign.
- 鷹狩に用いられる。『契丹国史』の「女真東北与五国為鄰、五国之東接大海、出名鹰、自海東而来」との記述から海東青と呼んで、特に女真および後の満州族はこれを重用した。また、アイスランド(added by me - iceland)の国鳥でもある。
- A BEARDED VULTURE https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/eclectic-london/aloys-zoetl-a-bearded-vulture
- Corvus is a widely distributed genus of medium-sized to large birds in the family Corvidae. The genus includes species commonly known as crows, ravens, rooks and jackdaws; there is no consistent distinction between "crows" and "ravens", and these appellations have been assigned to different species chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller than ravens.
- 红嘴蓝鹊The red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha) is a species of bird in the crow family, Corvidae.
- 一種名為「紅嘴藍鵲」的雀鳥，近月疑在嘉湖山莊樹上築巢，且數量大增，不時低飛俯衝從後襲擊居民頭部及肩膀，次數頻繁，更有三個月嬰兒頭部慘被抓出血痕需召救護車，導致人心惶惶。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20190415/00174_001.html
- In Japanese mythology, a three-legged crow called Yatagarasu (八咫烏, "eight-hand-crow")[62]is depicted. In Korean mythology, a three-legged crow is known as Samjokgo (hangul: 삼족오; hanja: 三足烏).[citation needed] In Norse mythology, Huginn and Muninn are a pair of common ravens that range the entire world, Midgard, bringing the god Odin information. In Welsh mythology, the god Brân the Blessed – whose name means "crow" or "raven" — is associated with corvids and death; tradition holds that Bran's severed head is buried under the Tower of London, facing France — a possible genesis for the practice of keeping ravens in the Tower, said to protect the fortunes of Britain. In Cornish folklore, crows — magpies particularly — are associated with death and the "other world", and must be greeted respectfully. The origin of "counting crows" as augury is British; however, the British version rather is to "count magpies" — their black and white pied colouring alluding to the realms of the living and dead.
- in chinese houyi mythology, crow represents the sun; the sunbeam through tree branches represent the homeland of sun - 扶桑
- Surprisingly few names of tabernae have survived, but they’ve found pieces of wall writing of names of bars in places like Herculaneum. Once such bar in Herculaneum apparently was called “ad cucu”. Which translates to something like “the crow”. This had somewhat of a witty ring to it, because a crow was seen as a voracious creature. https://www.quora.com/What-did-Romans-name-their-taverns-and-restaurants-Would-the-owner-of-a-taberna-in-Trajans-market-in-the-1st-A-D-name-it-a-typical-fantasy-i-e-medieval-European-tavern-name-like-The-Prancing-Pony-or-after-himself
- swan
- The tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) is a small Holarctic swan. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes[2][3] split into two species: Bewick's swan (Cygnus bewickii) of the Palaearctic and the whistling swan (C. columbianus) proper of the Nearctic.小天鵝（學名：Cygnus columbianus），又名鵠或白鵠，是一種體型比大天鵝小的天鵝。コハクチョウ（小白鳥[1]、Cygnus columbianus）Der Pfeifschwan (Cygnus columbianus) ist eine Vogelart aus der Gattung der Schwäne(Cygnus) und der Familie der Entenvögel(Anatidae).Le Cygne siffleur (Cygnus columbianus) est une espèce de cygne appartenant à la famille des Anatidae.
- turkey
- name varies a lot in different languages, called peru in portuguese
- *************https://www.quora.com/Can-you-reveal-an-amazing-etymology-finding guinea fowl, currently named so because they can be found in the country of Guinea. But in the 16th century, when they were being imported to Europe, they were being taken from Madagascar and sent through Turkey on the course to the European markets. Even though this creature does not at all come from Turkey, the name turkey cock or turkey hen stuck to them. On the other side of the world, there was a completely different bird that the Aztecs had domesticated. The Spanish conquistadors invading Europe in the 16th century saw these birds and brought them back home. These, too, ended up being called turkeys. Why? One theory is that they kind of look like they could be related, even though the two birds are separated by thousands if not millions of years of evolution. Another theory is that Spain exported the birds to the rest of Europe through North Africa which was, at that time, part of the Ottoman Empire. Or, you know, the Turks. More evidence for this theory is that the corn brought from the “New World” by the Spanish ended up being called “turkey corn” for a time. Of course, turkey corn was eventually changed to be called Indian corn, which brings us into a whole new realm of things being misnamed. To add one more layer of confusion to the names of turkeys, the Turks themselves call the New World birds hindi, which literally mean “Indian.” This was because, as you may already know, there was still a misconception that the land Columbus found and the Europeans invaded was India. Fortunately, the Hindi word for “turkey” is just टर्की, which is pronounced pretty similarly to “turkey,” so the loop closes there.
- called le dindon in french
- The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula. A relative of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
- pheasant
- The Reeves's pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) is a large pheasant within the genus Syrmaticus. It is endemic to China. It is named for the British naturalist John Reeves, who first introduced live specimens to Europe in 1831. 白冠长尾雉（學名：Syrmaticus reevesii）又名长尾雉、鸐、山雉、鸐雉、鸐鸡、山鸡。是雉科長尾雉屬的一種，與同屬物種白頸長尾雉同為中國的特有種。其雄鳥尾巴的長度也是所有鳥類中最長的一種。 常活动于中低山地区，最高的记录不超过海拔2000米，最低亦不低于海拔300米，它们活动的区域常在峭壁附近，活动于针叶林中，善走能飞，常以旱地拔葱从平地陡然起飞，越过树梢后发出怪叫即转为极快速的水平飞行，其飞行速度极快，甚至敢于在猎狗面前横穿。白冠长尾雉的中央尾羽（俗称“野鸡翎子”）被用来制作京剧演员的头饰
- The brown eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is a large, 96–100 cm long, dark brown pheasant endemic to the mountain forests of northern China. It has stiff white ear coverts behind the eyes, which look like a moustache. The crown is black with red bare facial skin and its tail of twenty-two elongated white feathers is curved, loose and dark-tipped. Both sexes are similar in plumage.褐马鸡主要栖息在以华北落叶松、云杉次生林为主的林区和华北落叶松、云杉、杨树、桦树次生针阔混交森林中。仅见于中国山西管涔山国家森林公园、河北西北部、陕西黄龙山和北京东灵山。翅短，不善飞行，只能从山上向下滑翔式地飞行，两腿粗壮，善于奔跑。
- The golden pheasant or Chinese pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) is a gamebird of the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae (pheasants). The genus name is from Ancient Greek khrusolophos, "with golden crest", and pictus is Latin for "painted" from pingere, "to paint". It is native to forests in mountainous areas of western China, but feral populations have been established in the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Falkland Islands, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.[3] In England they may be found in East Anglia in the dense forest landscape of the Breckland as well as Tresco on the Isles of Scilly.红腹锦鸡（学名：Chrysolophus pictus），又名金鸡、彆雉（《尔雅》）、山鸡、采鸡。是中國的特有鳥種，但被引入至英國。
- can be seen in one of Giuseppe Castiglione's paintings
- In Hinduism, the peacock is the mount of the Lord Kartikeya, the god of war. A demon king, Surapadman, was split into two by Karthikeya and the merciful lord converted the two parts as an integral part of himself, one becoming a peacock (his mount) and another a rooster adorning his flag. The peacock displays the divine shape of Omkara when it spreads its magnificent plumes into a full-blown circular form. Peacock feathers also adorn the crest of Lord Krishna, an avatar of Lord Vishnu, one of the trimurti. In the Sinhalese zodiac, peacock is the third animal zodiac of the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka. Peacocks (often a symbol of pride and vanity) were believed to deliberately consume poisonous substances in order to become immune to them, as well as to make the colours of their resplendent plumage all the more vibrant - seeing as so many poisonous flora and fauna are so colourful this idea appears to have merit. The Buddhist deity Mahamayuri is depicted seated on a peacock. Peacocks are seen supporting the throne of Amitabha, the ruby red sunset coloured archetypal Buddha of Infinite Light.
- Peacock Throne, famous golden throne captured from India by the Persians in 1739. Thereafter lost, it (and its reproductions) remained the symbol of the Persian, or Iranian, monarchy. The original throne, built for the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān in the early 17th century, was reportedly one of the most splendorous thrones ever made. It was ascended by silver steps and stood on golden feet set with jewels, and it was backed by representations of two open peacocks’ tails, gilded, enamelled, and inset with diamonds, rubies, and other stones. The throne was seized along with other plunder when the Iranian conqueror Nādir Shāh captured Delhi in 1739. Before leaving India, he had a divan made in the same style and brought both Peacock Thrones back to Iran, only to lose both in warfare with the Kurds, who apparently dismantled them and distributed the precious stones and metals. Later Peacock Thrones or divans (probably reproductions) were made for subsequent shāhs, notably Fatḥ ʿAlī Shāh(reigned 1797–1834). The dazzling chairlike throne used by the two Pahlavi shāhs at their coronations (1926, 1941) was a reproduction dating from the Qājār dynasty.
- flag of peacock dynasty https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-paon.html note the yellow and blue colour scheme
- Ancient Greeks believed that the flesh of peafowl did not decay after death, so it became a symbol of immortality. This symbolism was adopted by early Christianity, thus many early Christian paintings and mosaics show the peacock. The peacock is still used in the Easter season, especially in the east. The 'eyes' in the peacock's tail feathers symbolise the all-seeing Christian God and – in some interpretations – the Church. A peacock drinking from a vase is used as a symbol of a Christian believer drinking from the waters of eternal life. The peacock can also symbolise the cosmos if one interprets its tail with its many 'eyes' as the vault of heaven dotted by the sun, moon, and stars. By Christian adoption of old Persian and Babylonian symbolism, in which the peacock was associated with Paradise and the Tree of Life, the bird is again associated with immortality. In Christian iconography, the peacock is often depicted next to the Tree of Life.[citation needed] Though the peafowl is native to India, in Babylonia and Persia the peacock is seen as a guardian to royalty, and is often seen in engravings upon the thrones of royalty. Nonetheless, using the peacock as the symbol of royalty has an old and distinguished pedigree in India too. Peacocks were believed to be immune to poison, even deliberately consuming poisonous substances which made the resplendent colours of their plumage all the more vibrant. The Buddhist "Goddess" Mahamayuri is depicted with a peacock as her vehicle. The archetypal Buddha Amitabha, the ruby red sunset coloured Buddha of Infinite Light has peacocks adorning his throne. The first great dynasty unifying the Indian sub-continent in the 3rd century BCE were known as the "Maurya", lit. "of the peacock", named after the patriarch Chandragupta Maurya. The word "Maurya" is derived from Sanskrit "Mayura" (lit. peacock). The monarchy in Iran is referred to as the Peacock Throne.Melek Taus (Arabic: طاووس ملك; Persian: ملک طاووس; Kurdish: Tawûsê Melek), the "Peacock Angel", is the Yazidi name for the central figure of their faith. The Yazidi consider Tawûsê Melek an emanation of God and a benevolent angel who has redeemed himself from his fall and has become a demiurge who created the cosmos from the cosmic egg. After he repented, he wept for 7,000 years, his tears filling seven jars, which then quenched the fires of hell. In art and sculpture, Tawûsê Melek is depicted as a peacock.In Hellenistic imagery, the Greek goddess Hera's chariot was pulled by peacocks, birds not known to Greeks before the conquests of Alexander. Alexander's tutor, Aristotle, refers to it as "the Persian bird". One myth states that Hera's servant, the hundred-eyed Argus Panoptes, was instructed to guard the woman-turned-cow, Io. Hera had transformed Io into a cow after learning of Zeus's interest in her. Zeus had the messenger of the gods, Hermes, kill Argus through eternal sleep and free Io. According to Ovid, to commemorate her faithful watchman, Hera had the hundred eyes of Argus preserved forever, in the peacock's tail. Among Ashkenazi Jews, the golden peacock is a symbol for joy and creativity, with quills from the bird's feathers being a metaphor for a writer's inspiration. The peacock motif was revived in the Renaissance iconography that unified Hera and Juno, and on which European painters focused. In 1956, John J. Graham created an abstraction of an 11-feathered peacock logo for American broadcaster NBC. This brightly hued peacock was adopted due to the increase in colour programming. NBC's first colour broadcasts showed only a still frame of the colourful peacock. The emblem made its first on-air appearance on 22 May 1956.[34] A stylised peacock in full display is the logo for the Pakistan Television Corporation.
- christianity
- [futurelearn] there was a belief that when a peacock died, its flesh remained intact or ‘incorrupt’, an analogy with Christ, as indeed were the ‘all seeing eyes’ of its tails when opened.
- japan
- 日本沖繩宮古島上的印度孔雀數量成災，對當地瀕危物種和農作物構成威脅。為了防止災情擴大，宮古島政府近日與居民聯手，將會派獵犬，甚至推出「孔雀大餐」等多種應對方法，希望在二○五○年前將孔雀趕盡殺絕。島上出現的外來印度孔雀，最早可追溯至上世紀八十年代後期。由於島上沒有老虎和金錢豹等天敵，估計目前數量已達二千多隻。牠們以捕食爬蟲類為主，居民擔心會危害當地的宮古草蜥蜴等瀕危物種。此外，牠們也對當地農業造成嚴重打擊，部分蔬菜剛剛發芽就被啄食。當地政府自本年起會在孔雀繁殖期引入雀蛋探查犬，防止孔雀繁殖。至於去年曾經捕獵三百隻孔雀的獵友會，成員人數將會擴展至十五人。另外，島上有餐廳除推出「孔雀肉咖喱飯」外，現正研發其他菜式，例如燒烤孔雀胗、孔雀肝等，希望從多種渠道加速減少島上孔雀數目。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190913/00180_020.html
- china
- The 58-year-old researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Kunming Institute of Zoology in Yunnan province has been leading a team trying to ensure more captive green peafowls "can soon return to the wild".Native to the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia and southern China, the green peafowl is under national-level protection in China and listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.From peacock brocade and ancient murals to imperial fans made of peacock feathers, the green peafowl is a key feature of traditional Chinese culture. In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), only high-ranking officials were permitted to wear hats with a green peafowl feather."Historically, green peafowls were widespread in provinces and regions including Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Guangxi, but it has been only spotted in southwestern China's Yunnan province since the 1990s, when the species had an estimated population of 800 to 1,100," Yang said.http://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/131022#Rare-pheasant-thrives-to-survive
- 青鸞（学名：Argusianus argus），又名百眼雉雞 The great argus (Argusianus argus) is a species of pheasant from Southeast Asia.牠們的尾羽很長。雄雞最特別的地方是有很大、很闊及很長的次級飛羽，飛羽上有大眼裝飾。雌雞較細小及沉色，尾羽較短，眼狀裝飾亦較細小。雄性小雞3歲就會有成年的羽毛。
- The ribbon-tailed astrapia, also known as Shaw Mayer's astrapia (Astrapia mayeri), is a species of bird-of-paradise.The male ribbon-tailed astrapia has the longest tail feathers in relation to body size of any bird, over three times the length of its body.
- The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), also known as the sagehen, is the largest grouse (a bird species) in North America. Its range is sagebrush country in the western United States and southern Albertaand Saskatchewan, Canada. It was known as simply the sage grouse until the Gunnison sage-grouse was recognized as a separate species in 2000.艾草松雞（學名：Centrocercus urophasianus）是北美洲最大的松雞。它們生長在美國西部和加拿大的艾伯塔省和沙士吉萬省南部長有三齒蒿的地方，種名也因此得來。甘尼森艾草松雞最近被承認為一個獨立品種，而在莫諾盆地的種群也可能是獨立的品種。
- 朱鹮（学名：Nipponia nippon），又名朱鹭、鹮、日本凤头鹮、红鹤、朱脸鹮鹭。 The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), also known as the Japanese crested ibis or Toki (トキ), variously written in kanji as 朱鷺, 鴇, 鵇, 鴾, or 桃花鳥, and written in hanzi as 朱䴉 or 朱鷺, is a large (up to 78.5 cm (30.9 in) long), white-plumaged ibis of pine forests. Its head is partially bare, showing red skin, and it has a dense crest of white plumes on the nape. This species is the only member of the genus Nipponia.
- 汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区位于中国陕西省汉水之滨的汉中地区，跨越洋县和城固县，其主体在洋县境内。于1983年建立，属野生动物类型自然保护区，保护区总面积37549公顷。主要保护对象为濒危珍禽及其生境。1988年中国政府林业部与日本政府环境厅订立了《中日共同保护研究及其栖息地》合作项目，2001年陕西省人民政府批准建立保护区，2005年7月经国务院办批准成立陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区。
- 近日有攝影愛好者在陝西漢江濂水河畔濕地公園，拍下三隻罕見雀鳥。經鳥類專家、陝西師範大學生命科學院的于教授確認，該鳥為一度絕迹國內的國家二級保護動物彩䴉。于教授表示，彩䴉是珍稀鳥類朱䴉的「近親」，在世界上的分布比朱䴉還要少，近年較多在雲南發現其蹤影，在陝西境內還是首次。據了解，彩䴉屬鵜形目䴉科，羽毛大部分為青銅栗色，體形比朱䴉略小。牠們主要棲息在溫暖的河湖及沼澤附近，有時也會到稻田中活動，主要以水生昆蟲、蝦、甲殼類為食。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190507/00178_021.html
- 鹈鹕科（学名：Pelecanidae），又稱鴮鸅（音同“烏澤”），俗稱塘鵝Pelicans are a genus of large water birds that makes up the family Pelecanidae. They are characterised by a long beak and a large throat pouchused for catching prey and draining water from the scooped up contents before swallowing. They have predominantly pale plumage, the exceptions being the brown and Peruvian pelicans.
- The pelican (Henet in Egyptian) was associated in Ancient Egypt with death and the afterlife. It was depicted in art on the walls of tombs, and figured in funerary texts, as a protective symbol against snakes. Henet was also referred to in the Pyramid Texts as the "mother of the king" and thus seen as a goddess. References in non-royal funerary papyri show that the pelican was believed to possess the ability to prophesy safe passage in the underworldfor someone who had died. Consumption of pelican, as with other seabirds, is considered non-kosher as an 'unclean animal', and thus forbidden in Jewish dietary law. An origin myth from the Murri people of Queensland, cited by Andrew Lang, describes how the Australian pelican acquired its black and white plumage. The pelican, formerly a black bird, made a canoe during a flood in order to save drowning people. He fell in love with a woman he thus saved, but she and her friends tricked him and escaped. The pelican consequently prepared to go to war against them by daubing himself with white clay as war paint. However, before he had finished, another pelican, on seeing such a strange piebald creature, killed him with its beak, and all such pelicans have been black and white ever since. The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature.[110] They placed emphasis on animals and often depicted pelicans in their art. Alcatraz Island was given its name by the Spanish because of the number of large numbers of brown pelicans nesting present. The word alcatraz is itself derived from the Arabic "al-caduos", a term used for a water-carrying vessel and likened to the pouch of the pelican. The English name albatross is also derived by corruption of the Spanish word.
- In medieval Europe, the pelican was thought to be particularly attentive to her young, to the point of providing her own blood by wounding her own breast when no other food was available. As a result, the pelican came to symbolise the Passion of Jesus and the Eucharist,[114] and usurped the image of the lamb and the flag.[115] A reference to this mythical characteristic is contained for example in the hymn by Saint Thomas Aquinas, "Adoro te devote" or "Humbly We Adore Thee", where in the penultimate verse he describes Christ as the "loving divine pelican, able to provide nourishment from his breast".[116] Elizabeth I of England adopted the symbol, portraying herself as the "mother of the Church of England". Nicholas Hilliard painted the Pelican Portrait in around 1573, now owned by the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.[117] A pelican feeding her young is depicted in an oval panel at the bottom of the title page of the first (1611) edition of the King James Bible.[115] Such "a pelican in her piety" appears in the 1686 reredos by Grinling Gibbons in the church of St Mary Abchurch in the City of London. Earlier medieval examples of the motif appear in painted murals, for example that of c. 1350 in the parish church of Belchamp Walter, Essex.The self-sacrificial aspect of the pelican was reinforced by the widely read medieval bestiaries. The device of "a pelican in her piety" or "a pelican vulning (from Latin vulno, "to wound") herself" was used in heraldry. An older version of the myth is that the pelican used to kill its young then resurrect them with its blood, again analogous to the sacrifice of Jesus. Likewise, a folktale from India says that a pelican killed her young by rough treatment but was then so contrite that she resurrected them with her own blood. The legends of self-wounding and the provision of blood may have arisen because of the impression a pelican sometimes gives that it is stabbing itself with its bill. In reality, it often presses this onto its chest in order to fully empty the pouch. Another possible derivation is the tendency of the bird to rest with its bill on its breast; the Dalmatian pelican has a blood-red pouch in the early breeding season and this may have contributed to the myth.
- Pelicans have featured extensively in heraldry, generally using the Christian symbolism of the pelican as a caring and self-sacrificing parent.[119] Heraldic images featuring a pelican vulning refers to a pelican injuring herself, while a pelican in her piety refers to a female pelicans feeding her young with her own blood. The image became linked to the medieval religious feast of Corpus Christi. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge each have colleges named for the religious festival nearest the dates of their establishment,[115] and both Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,[121] and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, feature pelicans on their coats of arms.
- The great white pelican is the national bird of Romania.[127] The brown pelican is the national bird of three Caribbean countries—Saint Kitts and Nevis, Barbados and Sint Maarten—and features on their coats of arms.[128][129][130] It is also the state bird of the US state of Louisiana, which is known colloquially as the Pelican State; the bird appears on the state flag and state seal.[4] It adorns the seals of Louisiana State University and Tulane University, and is the mascot of the New Orleans Pelicans NBA team, Tulane University, and the University of the West Indies. A white pelican logo is used by the Portuguese bank Montepio Geral,[131] and a pelican is depicted on the reverse of the Albanian 1 lek coin, issued in 1996.[132] The name and image were used for Pelican Books, an imprint of non-fiction books published by Penguin Books.
- The arms of the Kiszely family of Benedekfalva depict a pelican in her piety both in the crest (heraldry) and shield.
- 淘鵝油は、ハイイロペリカンの脂肪油であり、通常、秋または冬に捕獲し、化膿性のできもの、腫れもの、悪性のでき物、風疹や湿疹の疼痛に用いる[15]。ペリカンの油脂はインド、ペルシアでも古くから用いられた[16]。
- The mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) is a perching duck species found in East Asia. It is closely related to the North American wood duck, the only other member of the genus Aix. Aixis an Ancient Greek word which was used by Aristotle to refer to an unknown diving bird, and galericulata is the Latin for a wig, derived from galerum, a cap or bonnet.The Chinese refer to Mandarin ducks as yuanyang(simplified Chinese: 鸳鸯; traditional Chinese: 鴛鴦; pinyin: yuānyāng), where yuan (鴛) and yang (鴦) respectively stand for male and female mandarin ducks. In traditional Chinese culture, mandarin ducks are believed to be lifelong couples, unlike other species of ducks. Hence they are regarded as a symbol of conjugal affection and fidelity, and are frequently featured in Chinese art.Similarly, in Japanese the ducks are called oshidori (おしどり/オシドリ/鴛鴦) and are used in the phrase oshidori fūfu (おしどり夫婦, "a couple of lovebirds/happily married couple").
- 筆者素愛觀鳥，曾認 識一些研究雀鳥專家，他們的團隊經歷廿多年來 探索和考察，在雄鳥腳上繫了特製標籤，不斷用 電子器追蹤，終於否定鴛鴦 「生死成雙、從一而 終」 的說法；發覺雌雄僅在交配期間形影不離， 交配後，雄鳥即忘舊愛，再不露面或另覓新歡， 俱屬 「負情郎」 。科學實證拆穿了真相，不免如 「煮鶴焚琴」 。鴛鴦 「美麗的傳說」 ，原來是個 「美麗的錯誤」 。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200103/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
- teal鳧
- The Eurasian teal or common teal (Anas crecca) is a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Eurasia and migrates south in winter. The Eurasian teal is often called simply the teal due to being the only one of these small dabbling ducks in much of its range.[2] The bird gives its name to the blue-green colour teal.
- Mergus is the genus of the typical mergansers, fish-eating ducks in the subfamily Anatinae. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny and other Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird. The hooded merganser, often termed Mergus cucullatus, is not of this genus but closely related. The other "aberrant" merganser, the smew (Mergellus albellus), is phylogenetically closer to goldeneyes (Bucephala).Although they are seaducks, most of the mergansers prefer riverine habitats, with only the red-breasted merganser being common at sea. These large fish-eaters typically have black-and-white, brown and/or green hues in their plumage, and most have somewhat shaggy crests. All have serrated edges to their long and thin bills that help them grip their prey. Along with the smew and hooded merganser, they are therefore often known as "sawbills". The goldeneyes, on the other hand, feed mainly on mollusks, and therefore have a more typical duck-bill.[3]
- The first recorded use of teal as a color name in English was in 1917.[5] The word is often used colloquially to refer to shades of cyan in general, including the color cyan itself, most notably in computer games where one of the players is cyan. Teal was a fad color during the 1990s, with, among others, many sports teams adopting the color for their uniforms.Its name is derived from the Middle English tele, a word akin to the Dutch taling and the Middle Low German telink.[8] As a color, its name is believed to have been taken from the small freshwater common teal, a member of the duck family whose eyes are surrounded by this color.
- A Teal organisation is an emerging organisational paradigm.
- Windows 95 featured a teal-colored default wallpaper.
- teal is one of the motifs of jingzhou chu culture
Mergus are also classified as "divers" because they go completely under-water in looking for food.
- china daily 24jun19 endangered species in jilin
- The flying steamer duck (Tachyeres patachonicus) is a steamer duck. It is the most widespread steamer duck, resident in southern Chileand Argentina, Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands.
- 發展另類運動 就會放棄飛行http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/09/25/a27-0925.pdf
- The loons (North America) or divers (United Kingdom / Ireland) are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia. All living species of loons are members of the genus Gavia, family Gaviidae and order Gaviiformes.
- Various Indigenous myths from the California region have a recurring figure, Loon or Loon Woman, based on the common loon.[46]
- The common loon is the provincial bird of Ontario and is depicted on the Canadian one-dollar coin, which has come to be known affectionately as the "loonie".[47]
- The common loon is the official state bird of Minnesota.[48]
- Mercer, Wisconsin, promotes itself as the "Loon Capital of the World".
- 日本長野縣阿爾卑斯山脈中部的木曾駒岳，周一確認有極其罕見的雷鳥雛鳥誕生。雷鳥於一九六九年最後一次在當地現身後，一直未有目擊案例。這是暌違五十年後再有雛鳥誕生，消息令人欣喜。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190705/00180_032.html
- Kingfishers or Alcedinidae are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found outside of the Americas. The family contains 114 species and is divided into three subfamilies: river kingfishers (Alcedininae), tree kingfishers (Halcyoninae), and water kingfishers (Cerylinae). All kingfishers have large heads, long, sharp, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. Most species have bright plumage with only small differences between the sexes. A few species, principally insular forms, are threatened with extinction. In Britain, the word "kingfisher" normally refers to the common kingfisher.カワセミ科（かわせみか、学名 Alcedinidae）は、鳥類ブッポウソウ目の科である。
カワセミ（翡翠・魚狗・川蝉）と総称される。ただし狭義にはその1種 Alcedo atthis をカワセミと呼ぶ。また大型のものをショウビン（翡翠）と呼ぶが[2]、狭義にはショウビンは A. atthis の別名である。Les Alcédinidés ou Alcedinidae forment une famille d'oiseaux plus connus sous les noms de martins-pêcheurs et martins-chasseurs.Die Eisvögel (Alcedinidae) sind im weiteren Sinne eine Familie der Vögel mit drei Unterfamilien:
- Eigentliche Eisvögel (Alcedininae)
- Baum-Eisvögel oder Lieste (Halcyoninae)
- Wasser-Eisvögel (Cerylinae)
- Kingfishers feed on a wide variety of prey. They are most famous for hunting and eating fish, and some species do specialise in catching fish, but other species take crustaceans, frogs and other amphibians, annelid worms, molluscs,insects, spiders, centipedes, reptiles (including snakes), and even birds and mammals. Individual species may specialise in a few items or take a wide variety of prey, and for species with large global distributions, different populations may have different diets. Woodland and forest kingfishers take mainly insects, particularly grasshoppers, whereas the water kingfishers are more specialised in taking fish. The red-backed kingfisher has been observed hammering into the mud nests of fairy martins to feed on their nestlings.
- In der griechischen Mythologie wurden die fünfzig Töchter des zypriotischen Königs Kinyras in Eisvögel verwandelt. Der Eisvogel war mit dem Meer verbunden und beherrschte die Halkyonischen Tage vor dem Beginn der Herbststürme. Einige Eisvogelgattungen haben daher ihre wissenschaftlichen Namen: Halcyon von Alkyone, der Tochter von Enarete und Aiolos, sowie Ceyx von Keyx, Gemahl der Alkyone.
- 釣魚郎翠鳥 in chinese painting http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170728/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
- Guineafowl (/ˈɡɪnifaʊl/; sometimes called "pet speckled hen", or "original fowl" or guineahen) are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to the continent of Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds. They are phylogenetically intermediate between peafowl and the Odontophoridae. One Eocene fossil lineage, Telecrex, is represented by the black guineafowl, an extant species native to the primary forests of Central Africa. Telecrex, which inhabited Mongolia, may have given rise to the oldest of the true Tetraophasianids like Ithaginis and Crossoptilon, which evolved into high-altitude montane adapted species with the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. While modern guineafowl species are endemic to Africa, the helmeted guineafowl has been introduced widely elsewhere. Wild guineafowl are, without exception, strong fliers.
- heron
- ムラサキサギ（紫鷺、Ardea purpurea）草鷺（學名：Ardea purpurea）為鷺科鷺屬的鳥類，俗名花窖馬、柴鷺、長脖老及草鷺等。The purple heron (Ardea purpurea) is a wide ranging species of wading bird in the heron family, Ardeidae. The scientific name comes from Latin ardea "heron", and purpureus, "coloured purple".[2] It breeds in Africa, central and southern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia.
- 戴菊 The goldcrest (Regulus regulus) is a very small passerine bird (with a mass of 5.5 g) in the kinglet family. Its colourful golden crest feathers gives rise to its English and scientific names, and possibly to it being called the "king of the birds" in European folklore. The scientific name, R. regulus, means king or knight.[2] Several subspecies are recognised across the very large distribution range that includes much of Eurasia and the islands of Macaronesia and Iceland. Birds from the north and east of its breeding range migrate to winter further south.
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/10/29/a12-1029.pdf in 洞庭湖
- [太平洋島嶼的智慧] totem of 库尔奈tribe and some other tribes in victoria, australia
- The European robin (Erithacus rubecula), known simply as the robin or robin redbreast in the British Isles, is a small insectivorous passerine bird, specifically a chat, that was formerly classified as a member of the thrush family (Turdidae) but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher. 歐亞鴝（学名：Erithacus rubecula），俗稱知更鳥; Rödhake (swedish); vörösbegy (magyar); Punarind (eesti)是一種細小的雀形目鳥類，曾被界定為鶇亞科，現歸類為鶲科。 歐洲很常見，由西伯利亞至阿爾及利亞，遠至大西洋的亞述爾群島和馬德拉，以及東南面的高加索山脈，也有其蹤跡。牠是歐洲常見的鳴禽，身長12.5–14.0厘米（5.0–5.5英寸），性好戰，因胸前鮮艷的羽毛最初被稱作redbreast（紅色胸脯）。15世紀歐洲時興以人名稱呼常見動物，時人稱它為Robin redbreast，後來簡略為robin（Lack，1953：44）。叫聲囀鳴似笛，在繁殖季節由早至傍晚鳴叫，甚至夜晚，所以有人將牠與夜鶯混淆。冬季時雌鳥會另覓地方以便餵養小鳥，雄鳥則留守舊巢，全年居於同一地點。愛在縫隙、小洞甚至人造物料如棄置水壺築巢。小歐亞鴝羽毛顏色並不顯著，在從巢中飛出來的2至3個月後，紅色的羽毛開始在下巴長出，再過2至3個月，鮮艷的羽毛特徵漸漸形成。
- The American robin (Turdus migratorius) is a migratory songbird of the true thrush genus and Turdidae, the wider thrush family. It is named after the European robin[2] because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closely related
- The robin features prominently in British folklore, and that of northwestern France, but much less so in other parts of Europe.[37] It was held to be a storm-cloud bird and sacred to Thor, the god of thunder, in Norse mythology.[38] Robins feature in the traditional children's tale, Babes in the Wood; the birds cover the dead bodies of the children. More recently, the robin has become strongly associated with Christmas, taking a starring role on many Christmas cards since the mid 19th century.[39]The robin has appeared on many Christmas postage stamps. An old British folk tale seeks to explain the robin's distinctive breast. Legend has it that when Jesus was dying on the cross, the robin, then simply brown in colour, flew to his side and sang into his ear in order to comfort him in his pain. The blood from his wounds stained the robin's breast, and thereafter all robins got the mark of Christ's blood upon them. An alternative legend has it that its breast was scorched fetching water for souls in Purgatory. The association with Christmas more probably arises from the fact that postmen in Victorian Britain wore red jackets and were nicknamed "Robins"; the robin featured on the Christmas card is an emblem of the postman delivering the card.In the 1960s, in a vote publicised by The Times, the robin was adopted as the unofficial national bird of the UK.
- The American robin is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan, and Wisconsin. It was also depicted on the 1986 Birds of Canada series Canadian $2 note, but this note has since been withdrawn.The American robin has a place in Native American mythology. The story of how the robin got its red breast by fanning the dying flames of a campfire to save a Native American man and a boy is similar to those that surround the European robin.[40] The Tlingit people of Northwestern North America held it to be a culture hero created by Raven to please the people with its song.[41] One of the houses of the Raven Tribe from the Nisga'a Nation holds the robin as a house crest.
- Mockingbirds are a group of New World passerine birds from the Mimidae family. They are best known for the habit of some species mimicking the songs of other birds and the sounds of insects and amphibians,[1] often loudly and in rapid succession.
- The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. It is a brood parasite, which means it lays eggs in the nests of other bird species, particularly of dunnocks, meadow pipits, and reed warblers. Although its eggs are larger than those of its hosts, the eggs in each type of host nest resemble the host's eggs. The adult too is a mimic, in its case of the sparrowhawk; since that species is a predator, the mimicry gives the female time to lay her eggs without being seen to do so.
- 附圖應為漢代精鑄 的青銅鳩杖首，形制整體作尸鳩形 ，下方有圓筩（或作方筩），是用 來安裝在老人手杖頂端，故中空而 非實心。外國專家不加深究，妄自 臆測，還以為是個 「座」 ，何其輕 率！他對中國古代鳥類也一無所知 ；竊以為外表酷似鴿子，就貿然斷 言為 「鴿形」 。尸鳩（《說文》有 載），即《詩經．曹風》中 「鳲鳩 在桑，其子七兮」 所指的 「鳩」 ；《 禮記．月令》稱為 「鳴鳩」 ，鄭注 「 鳩，搏穀也」 。晉代陸機《詩疏》， 謂尸鳩一名 「桑鳩」 ，梁、宋之間稱 為 「鴶鵴」 （與《詩經．毛傳》載的 「秸鞠」 皆擬鳲鳩鳴叫的聲音）；《 爾雅》早就謂 「鳲鳩鴶鵴」 ，郭璞直 言就是 「布穀」 ，即漢代江東百姓呼 為 「穫穀」 。總而言之，是我國自古 以來視作催耕之鳥，各地名稱（包括 「布穀」 ）大多仿其催耕時節的鳴聲 。每年農事方起，此鳥飛鳴於桑間（ 《詩經．衛風．氓》謂 「于嗟鳩兮， 無食桑葚」 ），好像對農民說： 「可 以布種了。」 所以古人亦名之為 「布 穀」 ；但與現今動物學家把鳩與布穀 分為二類的說法不同。唐代詩人杜甫 詠： 「布穀處處催春種。」 宋代蔡襄 《稼邨詩帖》云： 「布穀聲中兩滿犁 ，催耕不獨野人知。」 記得陸游也有 「朝朝布穀鳴」 、 「那為國催耕」 之 句。可見古詩中的 「布穀」 ，皆指中 國品種的尸鳩。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190920/PDF/a29_screen.pdf
- The 13th century medieval English round, "Sumer Is Icumen In", celebrates the cuckoo as a sign of spring, the beginning of summer
- 布穀鳥體形大小和鴿子相仿，但較細長，上體暗灰色，腹部佈滿了橫斑。腳有四趾，二趾向前，二趾向後。飛行急速無聲。 芒種前後，幾乎晝夜都能聽到它那宏亮而多少有點淒涼的叫聲，叫聲特點是四聲一度——「布穀布穀，布穀布穀」、「快快割麥！快快割麥！」、「快快播谷！快快播谷！」所以俗稱布穀鳥。 炎帝少女女娃，也就是我們熟知的"精衛",飛從"發鳩山",化為布穀鳥。同時，它也是春神句芒的使者和化身，與燕子都是男根的象徵，古代農村在春節對其祭，以祈生育。
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/history/jmxnznq.html
- no chinese wiki version
- jay bird painting by pu quan (1913-1991) in 1947 at british museum
- Sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a particular genus of the family, Passer.Many early classifications of the sparrows placed them as close relatives of the weavers among the various families of small seed-eating birds, based on the similarity of their breeding behaviour, bill structure, and moult, among other characters. Some, starting with P. P. Suskin in the 1920s, placed the sparrows in the weaver family as the subfamily Passerinae, and tied them to Plocepasser. Another family sparrows were classed with was the finches (Fringillidae). Some authorities previously classified the related estrildid finches of the Old World tropics and Australasia as members of the Passeridae. Like sparrows, the estrildid finches are small, gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are broadly similar in structure and habits, but tend to be very colourful and vary greatly in their plumage. The 2008 Christidis and Boles taxonomic scheme lists the estrildid finches as the separate family Estrildidae, leaving just the true sparrows[clarification needed] in Passeridae. Despite some resemblance such as the seed-eater's bill and frequently well-marked heads, American sparrows, or New World sparrows, are members of a different family, Emberizidae, which also includes the buntings. The hedge sparrow or dunnock (Prunella modularis) is similarly unrelated. It is a sparrow in name only, a relict of the old practice of calling more types of small birds "sparrows". A few further bird species are also called sparrows, such as the Java sparrow, an estrildid finch.
- Grain-eating species, in particular the house and Sudan golden sparrows, can be significant agricultural pests. Sparrows can be beneficial to humans as well, especially by eating insect pests. Attempts at the large-scale control of sparrows have failed to affect sparrow populations significantly, or have been accompanied by major increases in insect attacks probably resulting from a reduction of sparrows, as in the Great Sparrow Campaign in 1950s China.
- Because of their familiarity, the house sparrow and other sparrows are frequently used to represent the common and vulgar, or the lewd.[14] Birds usually described later as sparrows are referred to in many works of ancient literature and religious texts in Europe and western Asia. These references may not always refer specifically to sparrows, or even to small, seed-eating birds, but later writers who were inspired by these texts often had the house sparrow and other members of the family in mind. In particular, sparrows were associated by the ancient Greeks with Aphrodite, the goddess of love, due to their perceived lustfulness, an association echoed by later writers such as Chaucer and Shakespeare. Jesus's use of "sparrows" as an example of divine providence in the Gospel of Matthew also inspired later references, such as that in Shakespeare's Hamlet and the Gospel hymnHis Eye Is on the Sparrow. Sparrows are represented in ancient Egyptian art very rarely, but an Egyptian hieroglyph
is based on the house sparrow. The symbol had no phonetic value and was used as a determinative in words to indicate small, narrow, or bad.
- The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and twenty-seven species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All have long down-turned bills and medium to long wings, which may be pointed or round. Male and female plumages are usually similar.In Hinduism, the shape of the bird in flight was thought to resemble a bow, with the long bill as an arrow. This led to a Sanskrit name meaning "Vishnu's bow" and an association with archer gods. Scandalmongers were thought to be reincarnated as bee-eaters, because of the metaphorical poison they bore in their mouths. Depictions in classical art are rare for such striking birds. The only known Ancient Egyptian example is a relief, probably of a little green bee-eater, on a wall of Queen Hatshepsut's mortuary temple, and an early Roman mural depicting blue-cheeked bee-eaters was found in the villa of Agrippina.
- The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata [formerly Poephila guttata]),[2] is the most common estrildid finch of Central Australia and ranges over most of the continent, avoiding only the cool moist south and some areas of the tropical far north. It can also be found natively in Indonesia and East Timor. The bird has been introduced to Puerto Rico and Portugal. Zebra finches are loud and boisterous singers. Their calls can be a loud beep, meep, oi! or a-ha!. Their song is a few small beeps, leading up to a rhythmic song of varying complexity in males. Each male's song is different, although birds of the same bloodline will exhibit similarities, and all finches will overlay their own uniqueness onto a common rhythmic framework. Le Diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Estrildidé. Parfois nommé Mandarin tout court, c'est le membre de cette famille le plus commun et le plus familier du centre de l'Australie. キンカチョウ（錦花鳥、錦華鳥 学名：Taeniopygia guttata）は、スズメ目カエデチョウ科に分類される鳥の一種。日本では明治期に輸入されて以来家禽化された歴史の長い愛玩鳥で、50種類以上の色変わり品種が作出されている。
- 並錦華鳥
- クリミミキンカチョウの原種と同じ羽色の品種。
- 白錦華鳥
- キンカチョウの白化種を固定化した品種。雌雄ともに全身が白く、雌雄の区別はオスの方が濃い嘴の色を見分けることで行う。
- 古代錦華鳥
- 羽毛の黒い色素を失った淡黄褐色の品種。
- ブラックチーク
- 頬のオレンジ色の羽が黒い色に変わった品種。
巣引きが下手で、飼育下では抱卵を行わないことが多いため、ジュウシマツが仮親として使用される。しかし現在ではヨーロッパから輸入された系統の影響で「自育キンカチョウ」と呼ばれるほど、キンカチョウの巣引きは一般的なものになってきている。神経質な性格の為、庭籠（にわこ）と呼ばれる木製の繁殖カゴを用いると成功しやすい。ブンチョウ、ジュウシマツ等と同様に手乗りに育てる事も可能だが、ヒナのクチバシが小さい為に細い給餌器具を用意する必要がある。
- 黃額絲雀（Serinus mozambicus），俗稱石燕，視產地而定再細分為大金青、金青、吉打仔El serín frentiamarillo o canario de Mozambique Le Serin du Mozambique Der Mosambikgirlitz (Crithagra mozambica) The yellow-fronted canary (Crithagra mozambica), also called Yellow-eyed Canary, is a small passerine bird in the finch family. It is known elsewhere and in aviculture as the green singing finch.Its song is a warbled zee-zeree-chereeo.- 深圳檢驗檢疫局昨日通報，有香港旅客日前駕駛一輛掛中港車牌的私家車，準備從皇崗口岸入境深圳時，被檢疫人員在其車上起出八百四十隻「黃額絲雀」。由於該旅客未有主動申報，且無法提供任何檢疫證明，檢疫人員目前已對該批黃額絲雀作截留退回處理。事發於上周四，該批黃額絲雀由十四個木籠分裝，每個木籠六十隻，木籠被黑色尼龍布覆蓋；籠內散布大量鳥糞和羽毛，衞生狀況較差。涉事旅客聲稱，該批黃額絲雀購自香港禽鳥市場，正準備運到東莞放生。據了解，黃額絲雀俗稱「石燕」，原產於非洲，毛里求斯、波多黎各和美國等地均有分布。海關提醒，未經檢疫的鳥類可能攜帶禽流感病毒等病原體，易引起相關疫情傳播，且外來物種入境後，極易破壞原有的生態平衡，旅客入境時應了解相關法例，以免為自己帶來不必要損失。
- Australian chats, genera Ashbyia and Epthianura of the honeyeater family (Meliphagidae). They belong to a more ancient lineage than Saxicolinae.
- American chats, genus Granatellus of the cardinal family (Cardinalidae), formerly placed in the wood-warbler family. They belong to a more modern lineage than Saxicolinae.
- Yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens), an enigmatic North American songbird tentatively placed in the wood-warbler family (Parulidae); its true relationships are unresolved.
- Le chant du mâle est clair et mélodieux. Il s'apparente, en plus fort, au chant du Monticole de roche.
- 珀斯西部有一個很大的公園，是珀斯政府在1890年建造的，據說當初建造這個公園是為了作為禮物送給英國國王愛德華的，因此公園被命名為國王公園。在國王公園裡棲息着一大群美麗的鸚鵡，這些鸚鵡從頭部到腹部都是桔紅色的，而翅膀和尾巴則是綠色的，牠們喜歡親近人類，很享受公園裡的遊客給牠們餵食，久而久之，變成了國王公園的形象代言鳥。隨性的澳洲人對於命名也是相當的隨性，這些鸚鵡便被當地的人們稱為「國王鸚鵡」。我住的社區附近亦有幾個小公園，在大片大片的樹林裡住着另一類鸚鵡：玫瑰鸚鵡。這個浪漫的名字來自鸚鵡背羽上的花紋，玫瑰鸚鵡的顏色極艷麗，背上的花紋宛若一片片的玫瑰花瓣，當一大群玫瑰鸚鵡在空中飛翔的時候，簡直就像下着漫天的花瓣雨 http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/03/05/a21-0305.pdf
- [manuscript hunter] the mountain that rises up over the chivela plateau was given the name guacamaya due to a story of father alonso and a macaw
- https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/13th-century-cockatoo-images-spark-australia-europe-trade-re-think-doc-16m8r61 Drawings of an Australasian cockatoo discovered on the pages of a 13th century European manuscript suggest trade Down Under was flourishing as far back as medieval times, researchers said Tuesday. Four images of the white cockatoo feature in the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II of Sicily's "De Arte Venandi cum Avibus" (The Art of Hunting with Birds), which dates from between 1241 and 1248 and is held in the Vatican library. According to the National Library of Australia, the first documented landing by a European in the country was in 1606. There are claims of earlier landings by the Portuguese, Spanish, Chinese, Arabs and Romans, but there is little credible evidence. Dalton said the Latin text next to one of the images revealed that the cockatoo was a gift from the fourth Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt to Frederick II, who referred to him as the 'Sultan of Babylon'. She pieced together the journey a cockatoo would have taken from Australasia to Cairo and then on to Sicily -- which would have been primarily overland and taken several years.
- economist 31aug19 "cheep dates" efforts to conserve a pudgy carrot are finally being rewarded
- Bustards 鴇 , including floricans and korhaans, are large, terrestrial birds living mainly in dry grassland areas and on the steppes of the Old World. They are among the most sexually dimorphic groups of birds. In only the floricans is the sexual dimorphism reverse, with the adult female being slightly larger and heavier than the male.
- La hubara o avutarda hubara (Chlamydotis undulata) Die Kragentrappe (Chlamydotis undulata), auch Saharakragentrappe The houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata), also called the "African houbara", is a large bird in the bustard family. It is found in arid habitats in North Africa and southwestern Asia with a population on the Canary Islands.在巴基斯坦，翎頜鴇是俾路支省的省鳥。
- The birds migrate in the thousands from Central Asia to Pakistan every winter - giving the Pakistani elite a chance to engage in "soft diplomacy". Despite the hunting ban, the government issues between 25 and 35 special permits annually to wealthy sheikhs, allowing them to hunt the bird in its winter habitat. The hunts are secretive, but controversial. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35524916, see also economist 20apr19 "the talons of a dilemma"
- Phalacrocoracidae is a family of some 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed recently, and the number of genera is disputed. There is no consistent distinction between "cormorants" and "shags" as these appellations have been assigned to different species randomly.鸕鶿（學名：Phalacrocorax carbo），別名鷺鶿、鷺鷀、水老鴉、魚鷹、鷧（音意）、烏鬼。是一種廣泛分佈的鸕鶿科海鳥。
- Humans have used cormorants' fishing skills in various places in the world. Archaeological evidence suggests that cormorant fishing was practiced in Ancient Egypt, Peru, Korea and India, but the strongest tradition has remained in China and Japan, where it reached commercial-scale level in some areas. In Japan, cormorant fishing is called ukai (鵜飼). Traditional forms of ukai can be seen on the Nagara River in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, where cormorant fishing has continued uninterrupted for 1300 years, or in the city of Inuyama, Aichi. In Guilin, China, cormorants are famous for fishing on the shallow Lijiang River. In Gifu, the Japanese cormorant (P. capillatus) is used; Chinese fishermen often employ great cormorants (P. carbo). In Europe, a similar practice was also used on Doiran Lake in the region of Macedonia.
- http://www.ecns.cn/visual/hd/2017/03-27/125241.shtml Song lives in the village of Huagou on a tributary of Mata Lake (shandong province). Three decades ago, almost every family in his village fished with cormorants, but now Song is the only one left.
- Cormorants feature in heraldry and medieval ornamentation, usually in their "wing-drying" pose, which was seen as representing the Christian cross, and symbolizing nobility and sacrifice.
- John Milton in Paradise Lost satirized the concept, using cormorant as a disguise used by Satan, symbolizing greed. Perched atop the Tree of Life, Satan took the form of a cormorant as he spied on Adam and Eve during his first intrusion into Eden. In some Scandinavian areas, they are considered good omen; in particular, in Norwegian tradition spirits of those lost at sea come to visit their loved ones disguised as cormorants. For example, the Norwegian municipalities of Røst, Loppa and Skjervøy have cormorants in their coat-of-arms. The symbolic liver bird of Liverpool is commonly thought to be a cross between an eagle and a cormorant.
- The black-collared starling (Gracupica nigricollis) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. In Thailand the collared starling is sometimes kept in captivity and taught to speak.
- The crested myna (Acridotheres cristatellus) is a species of starling native to southeastern China and Indochina. Unlike other similar mynas, its bill is dull whitish rather than orange-yellow.中国では、人によく懐き、人語を真似るということで親しまれている。花鳥図などの題材にもされる。また、羽毛と内臓を取り除いた八哥鳥は漢方薬として利用される。日本では八哥鳥を飼うとする習慣は、江戸時代に広まった。 江戸初期において古九谷の陶工は八哥鳥の図柄を磁器に焼き付け、絵師・伊藤若冲はその手になる『鹿苑寺大書院障壁画』の1枚に八哥鳥を描いている（「芭蕉叭々鳥図」★外部リンクで画像閲覧可能：鹿苑寺大書院 芭蕉叭々鳥図襖絵 - 相国寺（公式ウェブサイト）。京都・鹿苑寺所蔵、承天閣美術館保管）。標準和名は「ハッカチョウ」、その漢字表記は「八哥鳥」（cf. 八哥鳥）。異称に、「叭叭鳥（あるいは、叭々鳥）」および「哥哥鳥」とそれらの読み「ハハチョウ」、「鸜鵒［鵒=鹆の正字体］」および「鴝鵒［鵒=前例に同じ］」とそれらの読み「クヨク」、「小九官鳥[4]」とその読み「ショウキュウカンチョウ」がある。主要原産地の一つである中国（現・中華人民共和国等）では、八哥の仲間（八哥属）の代表的一種としてのその名「八哥」のほかにも、「瞭哥（簡体字［以下同様］：了哥）」「鸜鵒［鵒=鹆の繁字体］（鸜鹆）」「寒皋」「鴝鵒［鵒=前例に同じ］（鸲鹆）」「駕鴒（驾鸰）」「鳳頭八哥（凤头八哥）」「中國鳳頭八哥（中国凤头八哥）」、および、台湾亜種に固有の「加令」に、古称の「秦吉瞭（秦吉了）」といった、数多くの名で呼ばれている。
- The myna (also known as mynah) is a bird of the starling family (Sturnidae). This is a group of passerine birds which are native to southern Asia, especially India. Several species have been introduced to areas like North America, Australia, South Africa, Fiji and New Zealand, especially the common myna which is often regarded as an invasive species. It is often known as "Selarang" in Singapore, due to their high population there.Myna is derived from the Hindi language mainā which itself is derived from Sanskritmadanā.
- hket - said the bird is locust's 天敵
- The American woodcock (Scolopax minor), sometimes colloquially referred to as the timberdoodle, is a small chunky shorebird species found primarily in the eastern half of North America. Woodcocks spend most of their time on the ground in brushy, young-forest habitats, where the birds' brown, black, and gray plumage provides excellent camouflage.Woodcock have large eyes located high in the head, and their visual field is probably the largest of any bird, 360° in the horizontal plane and 180° in the vertical plane.
flightless species
- [guinness encyclopedia of living world published in 1992] the 10 species of ratite, including cassowaries, rheas, the emu and the ostrich, are the most primitive living birds, and are the remnants of a group once found worldwide. All the ratites are flightless and do not have the adaptations seen in flying birds: they have small wings, unbarbed downy feathers, flat breastbones, and often large, solid legbones. No skeletons or fossils of ancestors with fully formed wings have yet been found, and it is now thought likely that such birds were never capable of flying. The closest living relatives of the ratites, the tinamous of central and south america, are capable of rather weak and clumsy flight, but are largely ground dwelling.
Bird watching community
- hk
- John allcock, wwf
website
- birds.cornell.edu
- http://www.hknhs.org/
- http://orientalbirdimages.org/
- http://www.xeno-canto.org/
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