al-Khalīl; Hebrew: חֶבְרוֹן Ḥevron) is a Palestinian city located in the southern West Bank, 30 km (19 mi) south of Jerusalem.Jews, Christians, and Muslims all venerate the city of Hebron for its association with Abraham[14] – it includes the traditional burial site of the biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs, within the Cave of the Patriarchs. Judaism ranks Hebron as the second-holiest city after Jerusalem,[15] while Islam regards it as one of the four holy cities. The Hebron Protocol of
1997 divided the city into two sectors: H1, controlled by the
Palestinian Authority and H2, roughly 20% of the city, administered by
Israel.[20] All
security arrangements and travel permits for local residents are
coordinated between the Palestinian Authority and Israel via military administration of the West Bank (COGAT). The Jewish settlers have their own governing municipal body, the Committee of the Jewish Community of Hebron.People
- Mohammed Amin al-Husseini (Arabic: محمد أمين الحسيني; c. 1897 – 4 July 1974) was aPalestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader inMandatory Palestine.[8] Al-Husseini was the scion of a family ofJerusalemite notables,[9] who trace their origins to the grandson of Muhammad.[10] After receiving an education in Islamic, Ottoman and Catholic schools, he went on to serve in the Ottoman armyin World War I. At war's end he stationed himself in Damascus as a supporter of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. Following the fiasco of the Franco-Syrian War and the collapse of Arab Hashemite rule in Damascus, his early position on pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for Palestinian Arabs and he moved back to Jerusalem. From as early as 1920 he actively opposed Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of the 1920 Nebi Musa riots. Al-Husseini was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment but was pardoned by the British.[11] In 1921 the British High Commissioner appointed him Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, a position he used to promote Islamwhile rallying a non-confessional Arab nationalism against Zionism.[12][13] During the period 1921-36 he was considered an important ally by the British Mandatory authorities.[14] His opposition to the British peaked during the1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. In 1937, evading an arrest warrant, he fled Palestine and took refuge successively in the French Mandate of Lebanon and the Kingdom of Iraq, until he established himself in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. During World War II he collaborated with both Italy and Germany by making propagandistic radio broadcasts and by helping the Nazis recruit Bosnian Muslims for the Waffen-SS (on the ground that they shared four principles: family, order, the leader and faith). Also, as he told the recruits, Germany had not colonized any Arab country while Russia and England had.[15] On meeting Adolf Hitler he requested backing for Arab independence and support in opposing the establishment in Palestine of a Jewish national home. At the war's end he came under French protection, and then sought refuge in Cairo to avoid prosecution. In the lead-up to the 1948 Palestine war, Husseini opposed both the 1947 UN Partition Planand King Abdullah's designs to annex the Arab part of British Mandatory Palestine to Jordan, and, failing to gain command of the 'Arab rescue army' (jaysh al-inqadh al-'arabi) formed under the aegis of the Arab League, formed his own militia, al-jihad al-muqaddas. In September 1948 he participated in the establishment of an All-Palestine Government. Seated in Egyptian-ruled Gaza, this government won limited recognition by Arab states but was eventually dissolved by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1959. After the war and subsequent Palestinian exodus, his claims to leadership were wholly discredited and he was eventually sidelined by the Palestine Liberation Organization, losing most of his residual political influence.[16] He died in Beirut, Lebanon in July 1974. Husseini was and remains a highly controversial figure. Historians dispute whether his fierce opposition to Zionism was grounded in nationalism or antisemitism or a combination of both. Opponents of Palestinian nationalism have used Husseini's wartime residence and propaganda activities in Nazi Germany to associate the Palestinian national movement with European-style anti-Semitism.
- Dr. Mohammad Shtayyeh (Arabic: محمد اشتية) (born 17 January 1958)[1] is the Prime Minister of the State of Palestine[2] and economic expert born in Tell, Nablus, in 1958. He served as minister of public works and housing,[3] and minister of the Palestinian Economic Council for Development and Reconstruction and holds a doctorate in economic development from the University of Sussex. He worked as a professor and dean at Birzeit University and has published several books on economics, politics and history.
politics
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-politics/new-palestinian-government-sworn-in-amid-factional-tensions-idUSKCN1RP0KM Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas on Saturday swore in a new government headed by a loyalist from his dominant Fatah party, a move rejected by his Islamist rival Hamas as a blow to unity efforts.
aviation
- Leading international airlines such as Air France and KLM used to operate flights to Palestine, and used to run advertisements promoting such flights in US newspapers. https://www.facebook.com/thejordantimes/photos/a.10152213592178126.1073741866.68601553125/10156319464448126/
university
- Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie is an agricultural college located in Tulkarm, in the northern West Bank. The college was inaugurated in 1930 after the British Government had received a bequest from the Iraqi-born Jewish philanthropist Sir Ellis Kadoorie.[1] The college was named in his honour and still bears his name. Kadoorie is one of two of agricultural schools founded as agricultural schools by the British during the Mandatory Palestine period with contributions from a bequest of the Iraqi-born Jewish philanthropist Sir Ellis Kadoorie, who died in the British colony of Hong Kong in 1922. Kadoorie contributed 1,000,000 British Pounds. However, when Kadoorie's testament was read it became clear that the Yishuv would not inherit the money - the government of Britain would - and that Kadoorie ordered in his testament to invest the money either in Palestine or in Iraq. Initially an agricultural school was built in Tulkarm.[1] This opened in 1930 with an English principal; the school had the character of a British colonial institution. Soon after many institutions and leaders of the Yishuv made a petition to Herbert Samuel for the establishment of a Jewish school. The British authorities endorsed the idea of a Palestinian Jewish agricultural school similar to the Palestinian Arab school in Tulkarm. The foundations for the second school were laid down in 1931 at Um J’abal, next to the village of Kfar Tavor and the Jewish Kadoorie Agricultural High School was opened in 1933. Both school buildings were designed by British architect Austen Harrison, chief architect of the Public Works Department of British Mandatory Palestine's government. The Agricultural college in Tulkarm came under the authority of the Government of the British Mandate and was supervised by the Department of Agriculture. In addition to the agricultural land the college included; cattle, sheep and chicken farms. The agricultural school played an important role in providing the Palestinian agricultural sector with technicians in various fields of agriculture. Due to the position of the 1948 Armistice line the college lost most of its agricultural land in the 1948 Arab Israeli war. During the period of Jordanian administration, the agricultural school was transformed into Technical Agricultural Institute offering an associate degree (Diploma) in all agricultural sciences until 1967. After the 1967 Six day war the importance of the college to agriculture in the West Bank declined, with deterioration of the farm buildings. The college was then transformed from an Agricultural based Institute to a college with an industrial based emphasis.
At the beginning of the peace process and following the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), there was a rejuvenation of the agricultural aspect of the college, through both governmental and non-governmental funding. An Italian organization in cooperation with the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and the Land Research Centre (LRC) set about repairing the dilapidated cattle farm. This initiative also encompassed the establishment of an information and agricultural advisory centre. The Kadoorie family has funded the construction of a new science wing for the college. In early 2007, the college was granted the status of a university. It was accredited officially on 30 August 2007 as Palestine Technical University- Kadorie.
Zionism
- Hovevei Zion (Hebrew: חובבי ציון, lit. [Those who are] Lovers of Zion), also known as Hibbat Zion (Hebrew: חיבת ציון), refers to a variety of organizations which began in 1881 in response to the Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire and were officially constituted as a group at a conference led by Leon Pinsker in 1884. The organizations are now considered the forerunners and foundation-builders of modern Zionism. Many of the first groups were established in Eastern European countries in the early 1880s with the aim to promote Jewish immigration to Palestine, and advance Jewish settlement there, particularly agricultural. Most of them stayed away from politics.
- china
- 有傳中國加強打壓非官方認可的地下教會，境外傳媒指，有信徒證實北京市政府日前取締市內最大的非官方基督教新教教會之一「錫安教會」，並沒收了一批「非法宣傳品」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180911/00178_008.html
language
- palestinian accent
- https://www.quora.com/Are-there-different-versions-of-the-Palestinian-accent
history
- country name
- Palestine (Arabic: فلسطين Filasṭīn), officially the State of Palestine[i] (Arabic: دولة فلسطين Dawlat Filasṭīn)
- The First Intifada or First Palestinian Intifada (also known simply as "the intifada" or "intifadah"[note A]) was a Palestinianuprising against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. The uprising lasted from December 1987 until the Madrid Conference in 1991, though some date its conclusion to 1993, with the signing of the Oslo Accords.
- The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada (Arabic: انتفاضة الأقصى Intifāḍat al-ʾAqṣā; Hebrew: אינתיפאדת אל-אקצה Intifādat El-Aqtzah), was the second Palestinian uprising against Israel – a period of intensified Israeli–Palestinian violence. It started in September 2000, when Ariel Sharon made a visit to the Temple Mount, seen by Palestinians as highly provocative; and Palestinian demonstrators, throwing stones at police, were dispersed by the Israeli army, using tear gas and rubber bullets. Both parties caused high numbers of casualties among civilians as well as combatants: the Palestinians by numerous suicide bombings and gunfire; the Israelis by tank and gunfire and air attacks, by numerous targeted killings, and by reactions to demonstrations. The death toll, including both military and civilian, is estimated to be about 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreigners. Many consider the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit on 8 February 2005 to be the end of the Second Intifada, when President Mahmoud Abbas and Prime Minister Ariel Sharon agreed that all Palestinians would stop all acts of violence against all Israelis everywhere and, in parallel, that Israel would cease all its military activity against all Palestinians everywhere. They reaffirmed their commitment to the Roadmap for Peace which began at Madrid[clarification needed]. However, the violence did not stop in the following years, though suicide bombings decreased significantly.
hamas
- The PA has begun exerting pressure in a number of ways. It made a 30 percent cut in the salaries that it still pays its tens of thousands of employees in Gaza, many of whom ceased working after the Hamas takeover. At the same time, a crisis has developed over the supply of diesel fuel to the Strip, on which the Gazan electricity network depends. The argument between the PA and Hamas centers on the collection of the excise fee for the transfer of the fuel. In recent months, Hamas has leaned on financial support from Qatar and Turkey, but that is due to end soon.
read more: http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-1.785680
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/01/hamas-new-charter-palestine-israel-1967-borders Hamas has unveiled a new political programme softening its stance on Israel by accepting the idea of a Palestinian state in territories occupied by Israel in the six-day war of 1967. The new document states the Islamist movement it is not seeking war with the Jewish people – only with Zionism that drives the occupation of Palestine. The new document also insists that Hamas is a not a revolutionary force that seeks to intervene in other countries, a commitment that is likely to be welcomed by other states such as Egypt.
usa
- http://www.businessinsider.com/report-obama-quietly-sent-221-million-to-the-palestinian-authority-hours-before-leaving-office-2017-1 Officials say the Obama administration in its waning hours defied Republican opposition and quietly released $221 million to the Palestinian Authority. GOP members of Congress had been holding up the money. A State Department official and several congressional aides say the outgoing administration formally notified Congress it would spend the money Friday morning, just before Donald Trump became president. More than $227 million in foreign affairs funding was released at the time, including $4 million for climate change programs and $1.25 million for U.N. organizations. At least two GOP lawmakers had placed holds on the Palestinian funds. Congressional holds are generally respected by the executive branch but are not legally binding.
- Israel’s far-right sports and culture minister has taken credit for the US National Basketball Association’s decision to remove the description “occupied” from its depiction of Palestine on its website, despite the fact that the phrase describes the internationally recognised legal status of the Palestinian territories. The NBA’s site originally listed “occupied Palestine territories” and at time of writing had deleted the word “occupied” at the instance of two Israeli ministers, one of whom suggested they were in fact part of Israel. The row over the inclusion of the words in a pop-up menu provided by a third party in an online poll of favourite players is the latest example of the lengths Israeli ministers will go to challenge the accepted legal definition of Palestine’s status.
- http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/palestine-recalls-envoy-trump-jerusalem-move-171231185745693.html
- 美國國務院上周五宣布，停止向聯合國近東巴勒斯坦難民救濟工作署提供援助，並直斥組織有「無可挽救的缺點」，華府提供的援助金額亦高得「不成比例」，批評國際社會處理不當。聯合國秘書長古特雷斯則稱感到遺憾，但強調仍對工作署充滿信心。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180902/00180_005.html
-
美國去年十月將處理巴勒斯坦事務的駐耶路撒冷總領事館降級，併入駐耶路撒冷大使館。美國國務院官員於上周六透露，華府在周一會正式將兩者合併，駐耶路撒冷總領事館將會成為大使館的「巴勒斯坦事務部」。奧斯陸協議於一九九三年生效後，美國駐耶路撒冷總領事館一直專門處理巴勒斯坦事務，儼如駐巴大使館。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190304/00180_015.html
israel
- Amona (Hebrew: עמונה) is an Israeli outpost in the central West Bank. Located on a hill overlooking Ofra within the municipal boundaries of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council, the village was founded in 1995 on privately owned Palestinian land. As of 2012, its population was around 200.[1] As of October 2013, the outpost lodged 42 families. The High Court of Israel ruled in 2006 that the is legal under Israeli law, but as of March 2013, its status remained unresolved as the Israeli government continued to fight the court's eviction order. In May 2014 an Israeli police investigation revealed the entire outpost lay on private Palestinian land, and that documents used by settlers to claim they had purchased the sites were forged.[4] In December 2014, the Israeli High Court ordered the state to completely evacuate and demolish the settlement within two years.[5] The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Its name is derived from the Book of Joshua 18:24, where it is named Kfar HaAmmonai, literally, Village of the Amonites.
vatican
israel
- Amona (Hebrew: עמונה) is an Israeli outpost in the central West Bank. Located on a hill overlooking Ofra within the municipal boundaries of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council, the village was founded in 1995 on privately owned Palestinian land. As of 2012, its population was around 200.[1] As of October 2013, the outpost lodged 42 families. The High Court of Israel ruled in 2006 that the is legal under Israeli law, but as of March 2013, its status remained unresolved as the Israeli government continued to fight the court's eviction order. In May 2014 an Israeli police investigation revealed the entire outpost lay on private Palestinian land, and that documents used by settlers to claim they had purchased the sites were forged.[4] In December 2014, the Israeli High Court ordered the state to completely evacuate and demolish the settlement within two years.[5] The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Its name is derived from the Book of Joshua 18:24, where it is named Kfar HaAmmonai, literally, Village of the Amonites.
- https://www.ft.com/content/44e71012-bded-11e6-8b45-b8b81dd5d080 The discussion over Amona’s future has pitted Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s hard-right government against the High Court and pro-Palestinian non-governmental organisations, while raising questions in Israel and overseas about the direction the country is heading. The court ordered Amona’s residents to be moved in response to a petition brought by Yesh Din, an Israeli NGO, on behalf of Palestinians from the nearby town of Silwad who have claims on the land dating back to the days of Jordanian rule. “We were very happy when we got the decision,” says Ibrahim Yacoub, a farmer from the nearby Palestinian town of Ein Yabroud, who has not set foot on his family’s land in the 20 years since Amona was built, and watched across the valley as electricity and water were brought to the hilltop. “This land is mine, not theirs.” In Israel, however, the outpost settlers have captured the sympathy of a largely rightwing public, prompting politicians to outdo one another to show their support.
- Originally, the Protocol on Economic Relations was meant to remain in force for an interim period of five years. As of 2016, however, the Protocol was still applicable. The limited time the agreement was supposed to be operative helped encourage Palestinian negotiators to sign it, to be the first step to make progress.[4] More importantly, Israel made acceptance of the Protocol a condition for Israel's continuing to allow Palestinians to work in Israel, who numbered tens of thousands of Palestinians. Essentially, the Protocol integrated the Palestinian economy into the Israeli one through a customs union, with Israel to control all borders, both its own and those of the Palestinian Authority. Palestine remains without independent gates to the world economy. The protocol regulates the relationship and interaction between Israel and the Palestinian Authority in six major areas: customs, taxes, labor, agriculture, industry and tourism. Since Hamas’ takeover of the Gaza Strip, the Paris Protocol cannot be fully applied to the Strip. However, Gaza importers still pay Israel customs, VAT and purchase taxes on goods that they import via Israel. The Protocol determines that the New Israeli Shekel (NIS) is used in the Palestinian territories as a circulating currency which will legally serve there as means of payment for all purposes and to be accepted by the Palestinian Authority and by all its institutions, local authorities and banks. The Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce an own Palestinian currency.[6] Imports from and exports to third countries, including quantitative restrictions are subject to Israeli supervision[7] and the Protocol gave Israel sole control over the external borders and collection of import taxes and VAT. According to the agreement, Palestinian trade with other countries would continue to be handled through Israeli sea and air ports, or through border crossings between the Palestinian Authority and Jordan and Egypt, which are also controlled by Israel.[5] As of 2016, the Rafah Border Crossing is controlled by Egypt, but Egypt supports the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip.A major part of the 1994 Paris Protocol is the tax system, the backbone of the customs union. Israel collects and transfers to the Palestinian Authority the import taxes on goods that were intended for the Occupied Territories. Israel may unilaterally establish and change the taxes imposed on imported goods. [5] If Israel raises its VAT, Palestine has to follow it. Israel transfers the collected tax revenue for goods and services sold in Israel and intended for consumption in the Occupied Territories.[5] Israel also collects income taxes from Palestinians employed in Israel and the Israeli settlements. Pursuant to the Protocol, Israel withholds 25% of these income taxes by default (not from Palestinians employed in settlements). Additionally, 3% of the total revenue is levied as collection and processing fees.Tax clearance is the largest source of Palestinian public income. In 2014, it accounted for 75% of the total revenue. Israel collects taxes on Palestinian imports, and national insurance and income taxes from labor on behalf of the PA and transfers the results on monthly basis. This makes the PA vulnerable to unilateral suspension of clearance revenue transfers by Israel.
vatican
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-palestinians-idUSKBN0UG0MA20160102 An
agreement signed last year making the Vatican's de facto recognition of
Palestine in 2012 official has come into effect, the Holy See said on
Saturday. The Vatican signed its first treaty with the "State of
Palestine" last June when it called for moves to end the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict and backed a two-state solution. "... the
Holy See and the State of Palestine have notified each other that the
procedural requirements for (the accord's) entry into force have been
fulfilled, the Vatican said in a statement on Saturday. The U.N.
General Assembly adopted a resolution in 2012 recognizing Palestine as
an observer non-member state. This was welcomed at the time by the
Vatican, which has the same observer non-member status at the United
Nations. In October 2014, Sweden acknowledged Palestine, a decision
that drew condemnation from Israel and led to tense relations between
the two. Israel has previously called the Vatican accord a hasty move
that could damage prospects for advancing a peace agreement and impact
its future diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
Iran
- 伊朗國會以二百零七票贊成、零票反對或棄權，通過緊急法案，要求政府承認巴勒斯坦永遠定都耶路撒冷，並責成國會委員會加強支持巴人建都，包括召集各回教國家代表及權威人士合作。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171229/00180_008.html
china
- leaders visit
- China has openly declared that it supports the independence of a Palestinian state which has East Jerusalem as its capital. Addressing the Arab League, the Chinese president also announced a $7.6mn grant for a solar power project to improve Palestinians’ well-being.https://www.rt.com/news/329765-sovereign-palestine-jerusalem-china/- http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1913784/former-palestinian-diplomat-jailed-china-smuggling-cars A Chinese court in Beijing sentenced a former Palestinian diplomat to five years in jail for smuggling cars into China and recommended that he be expelled from the country after his term, the Beijing Morning Post reported on Wednesday. Mohammed Ramadan, a former first secretary at the Palestinian embassy in Beijing, was found guilty of smuggling 12 cars into the country between 2007 and 2012, the report said.
- trade
Iran
- 伊朗國會以二百零七票贊成、零票反對或棄權，通過緊急法案，要求政府承認巴勒斯坦永遠定都耶路撒冷，並責成國會委員會加強支持巴人建都，包括召集各回教國家代表及權威人士合作。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171229/00180_008.html
china
- leaders visit
- 中國外交部長王毅上周五在人民大會堂，會見巴人自治政府主席阿巴斯的特使馬吉達拉尼以及沙阿斯，強調和平解決以巴問題，重申繼續支持巴人立國的目標。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171224/00180_004.html
- China has openly declared that it supports the independence of a Palestinian state which has East Jerusalem as its capital. Addressing the Arab League, the Chinese president also announced a $7.6mn grant for a solar power project to improve Palestinians’ well-being.https://www.rt.com/news/329765-sovereign-palestine-jerusalem-china/- http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1913784/former-palestinian-diplomat-jailed-china-smuggling-cars A Chinese court in Beijing sentenced a former Palestinian diplomat to five years in jail for smuggling cars into China and recommended that he be expelled from the country after his term, the Beijing Morning Post reported on Wednesday. Mohammed Ramadan, a former first secretary at the Palestinian embassy in Beijing, was found guilty of smuggling 12 cars into the country between 2007 and 2012, the report said.
- trade
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-04/01/content_24229767.htm
Chinese-made goods are in high demand among Gazans because of their highquality and reasonable prices, he said. According to Abu Hashem, most of the commodities demanded by his businesspartners are garments, watches and cosmetics. Inside his tiny two-story office in the heart of Gaza City, Abu Hashem discusses thebusiness deals and detailed procedures with importers. "After reaching a deal, my company in Guangzhou starts the purchase procedures,gets the goods and then ships them to Gaza," he said. Abu Hashem, who was originally a teacher, started his business with China back in1980 when he launched a company in Gaza to import computers from China andsell them in the coastal Palestinian territory. When the political and economic conditions worsened in Gaza after violenceerupted between the Palestinians and the Israelis in 2000, Abu Hashem decided tomove his business to China where he started Wastco. "This decision was risky, but I worked hard and my company grew notably," he said. "I first thought I might face some difficulties dealing with Chinese businessmen,but they were, and still are, very helpful and cooperative." On average, Abu Hashem can clinch 10 deals for Gaza traders every month, areflection of the reliability of his company. "My company is distinguished because we complete and ship the goods really fastand the costs are lower than any other companies," Abu Hashem noted. Goods are usually shipped from China to the Israeli seaports, then into Gazathrough Kerem Shalom crossing between Israel and Gaza. Despite the smooth process of getting and shipping the goods into Gaza, AbuHashem still suffers from a "serious problem". "Importers in Gaza, who pay an import tax to the Palestinian government in (theWest Bank city of) Ramallah for goods delivered through Kerem Shalom crossing,also have to pay an additional tax to Hamas authorities in Gaza," Abu Hashemcomplained. "The additional tax that we pay the authorities in Gaza worsens the already ailingmarket," Abu Hashem said. "That is why prices in Gaza have skyrocketed."
- China has signed a free trade agreement memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Palestine, China’s commerce ministry said on Wednesday in a statement posted on its official website. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-palestinians-trade/china-inks-free-trade-agreement-mou-with-palestine-idUSKCN1MY03Z
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