Kenya

Government
- agriculture and food authority
- Kenya Investment Authority (KenInvest) is a statutory body established in 2004 through an Act of Parliament (Investment Promotion Act No. 6 of 2004) with the main objective of promoting investments in Kenya. It is responsible for facilitating the implementation of new investment projects, providing After Care services for new and existing investments, as well as organizing investment promotion activities both locally and internationally.http://invest.go.ke/who-we-are/
- The Kenya News Agency (KNA) is a government-run national news agency created in 1963. Its headquarter is in Nairobi and it is run by the Department of Information, Ministry of Information Communication and Technology. News reports are created by KNA reporters in 72 county and sub-county offices and disseminated from the National Editorial Desk (Press Office) in Nairobi to subscribers made up of news media companies in Kenya and around the world. Their services also include Electronic/TV News Unit, Mobile Cinema and Photographic Services.

• The work of the Kenya News Agency as a national news gathering operation began decades earlier with the Kenya Information Service (KIS) formed in 1939 to disseminate information on World War II. In 1945, after the war, the service changed its name to the African Information Service (AIS) and it served as an information unit mainly for the white settlers of the colonial British government. Between 1953 and 1954 the African Information Services became the Department of Information with the appointment of the first Director of Information and the first press officers. The new Department consisted of several sections – Administrative, African, Press, Films and Photographs, Provincial Organizations and Information and Reference. It was administered from the Office of the Chief Secretary, at the time Richard Turnbull. The Department of Information served mainly as a propaganda machine especially during the state of emergency between 1954 - 1960.In 1962 in the lead up to independence, the Department was moved to the Ministry of State for Constitutional Affairs and Administration under then Hon. Mr. Ronald G. Ngala. On December 5, 1963, the Kenya News Agency was created. On December 12, 1963 Kenya attained self-rule and the Office of the Prime Minister was established with Hon. Mzee Jomo Kenyatta as the first Prime Minister of Kenya. Kenyatta convened his cabinet with the Hon. R. Achieng Oneko as the first Minister for Information, Broadcasting and Tourism. The Ministry’s functions then included Information Service (including Publications & Photographic Services) and the then newly created Kenya News Agency and Press Office.

Lamu Island is a part of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya. The island is linked by boat to Mokowe on the mainland and to Manda Island, where there is an airport. There are no roads on the island, but rather alleyways and footpaths, and therefore, there are few motorized vehicles on the island. Residents move about on foot or by boat, and donkeys are used to transport goods and materials. A port was founded on the island of Lamu by Arab traders at least as early as the fourteenth century, when the Pwani Mosque was built. The island prospered on the slave trade. After defeating Pate Island in the nineteenth century, the island became a local power, but it declined after the British forced the closure of the slave markets in 1873. In 1890 the island became part of Zanzibar and remained obscure until Kenya was granted independence from Great Britain in 1963. Tourism developed from the 1970s, mainly around the eighteenth century Swahili architecture and traditional culture. Kenya, South Sudan and Ethiopia have launched the controversial LAPSSET development project to build a port, oil refinery and rail network near the island of Lamu, the Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor.

- Lamu Town on Lamu Island is Kenya's oldest continually inhabited town, and was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa. It is believed to have been established in 1370. Today, the majority of Lamu's population is Muslim. The town was first attested in writing by an Arab traveller Abu-al-Mahasini, who met a judge from Lamu visiting Mecca in 1441. In 1505, the Portuguese invaded Lamu, forcing the king of the town to quickly concede to paying protection money to them. The Portuguese invasion was prompted by the nation's successful mission to control trade along the coast of the Indian Ocean. For a considerable time, Portugal had a monopoly on shipping along the East African coast and imposed export taxes on pre-existing local channels of commerce. In the 1580s, prompted by Turkish raids, Lamu led a rebellion against the Portuguese. In 1652, Oman assisted Lamu to resist Portuguese control.

Lake Magadi is the southernmost lake in the Kenyan Rift Valley, lying in a catchment of faulted volcanic rocks, north of Tanzania's Lake Natron. During the dry season, it is 80% covered by soda and is well known for its wading birds, including flamingos.

Lake Magadi is a saline, alkaline lake, approximately 100 square kilometers in size, that lies in an endorheic basin formed by a graben. The lake is an example of a "saline pan". The lake water, which is a dense sodium carbonate brine, precipitates vast quantities of the mineral trona(sodium sesquicarbonate).塩は割れて大きな多角形を作り、ソーダの白い結晶と特殊な藻類の色により独特の景観を作る。亞馬加迪湖有各種顏色，因當中除碳酸鈉晶體外，還有豐富的藍球藻古細菌等
http://hk.hkcd.com/pdf/202008/0823/HA06823CTE2_HKCD.pdf

Manda is an island of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya, known for the prosperous 9th century ports of Takwaand Manda town. The island is now linked by ferry to Lamu and is home to Manda Airport, while Manda Toto island lies to its west. The island is separated from the mainland by the narrow Mkanda channel. Both Manda town and Takwa were probably abandoned due to lack of water in the first half of the 19th century. In the 1960s the Kenya Department of Agriculture recommended building several concrete catchments called jabias to capture rain water on the island. Two jabias were built and many families moved onto the island, farming maize, cassava, simsim and cotton. The Manda town ruins (on the Northwest coast of Manda Island), were first explored by the archaeologist Neville Chittick in 1965. The town owes its origins to trade with the Persian Gulf during 9th and 10th centuries . The chief trading commodity was probably elephant ivory. Mbutangrove poles were probably also important. Early inhabitants of Manda constructed buildings with burnt square brick and stone and set with a lime mortar. These building techniques are found only on islands and coastal areas of Kenya. This brick and mortar technology is unique to the previously mentioned areas^[2] whereas the bricks averaging about 18 cm (which "match perfectly ...in measure") are unique for East Africa for this period, and are likely to have been brought in from Sohar, in modern-day Oman. These bricks probably arrived on Manda Island as ballast in sailing ships entering the port.^[3] From the mid-9th century to the early 11th century buildings were also constructed from coral known as coral rag cut from dead coral reefs.
- 由中國、美國及肯尼亞專家組成的聯合考古隊，日前宣布在距北京近九千公里外的肯尼亞曼達島（Manda Island），發現具有中國血緣的三具人骨遺骸，其中一人可能生活在鄭和下西洋時代。今次是東非首度發現具中國血緣的人骨遺骸，為當年鄭和船隊途經的路線研究提供新線索。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170731/00178_015.html

Mombasa
- The founding of Mombasa is associated with two rulers: Mwana Mkisi (female) and Shehe Mvita. According to oral history and medieval commentaries, Shehe Mvita superseded the dynasty of Mwana Mkisi and established his own town on Mombasa Island. Shehe Mvita is remembered as a Muslim of great learning and so is connected more directly with the present ideals of Swahili culture that people identify with Mombasa. The ancient history associated with Shehe Mvita and the founding of an urban settlement on Mombasa Island is still linked to present-day peoples living in Mombasa. The Thenashara Taifa (or Twelve Nations) Swahili lineages recount this ancient history today and are the keepers of local Swahili traditions. Even though today Mombasa is a very heterogeneous cultural mix, families associated with the Twelve Nations are still considered the original inhabitants of the city.- During the pre-modern period, Mombasa was an important centre for the trade in spices, gold, and ivory. Its trade links reached as far as the Indian subcontinent and modern-day China and oral historians today can still recall this period of local history. History shows that there was trade links between Mombasa and Cholas of South India. Throughout the early modern period, Mombasa was a key node in the complex and far reaching Indian Ocean trading networks, its key exports then were ivory, millet, sesamum and coconuts. In the late pre-colonial period (late 19th century), it was the metropolis of a plantation society, which became dependent on slave labour (sources contradict whether the city was ever an important place for exporting slaves) but ivory caravans remained a major source of economic prosperity. Mombasa became the major port city of pre-colonial Kenya in the Middle Ages and was used to trade with other African port cities, the Persian Empire, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent and China. 16th-century Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa claimed, "[Mombasa] is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour in which there are always moored small craft of many kinds and also great ships, both of which are bound from Sofala and others which come from Cambay and Melinde and others which sail to the island of Zanzibar." Vasco da Gama was the first known European to visit Mombasa, receiving a chilly reception in 1498. Two years later, the town was sacked by the Portuguese. In 1502, the sultanate became independent from Kilwa Kisiwani and was renamed as Mvita (in Swahili) or Manbasa (Arabic). Portugal attacked the city again in 1528. In 1585 the Ottoman Turks led by Emir 'Ali Bey caused revolts in Mombasa against the Portuguese landlords; only Malindi remained loyal to Portugal. The Zimba overcame the towns of Sena and Tete on the Zambezi, and in 1587 they took Kilwa, killing 3,000 people. At Mombasa the Zimba slaughtered the Muslim inhabitants; but they were halted at Malindi by the Bantu-speaking Segeju and went home. This stimulated the Portuguese to take over Mombasa a third time in 1589, and four years later they built Fort Jesus to administer the region. Between Lake Malawi and the Zambezi mouth, Kalonga Mzura made an alliance with the Portuguese in 1608 and fielded 4,000 warriors to help defeat their rival Zimba, who were led by chief Lundi. With the capture of Fort Jesus in 1698, the town came under the influence of the Sultanate of Oman, subordinate to the Omani rulers on the island of Unguja, prompting regular local rebellions.  
-  Mombasa returned to Portuguese rule by captain-major Álvaro Caetano de Melo Castro (12 March 1728 – 21 September 1729), then four new Omani Liwali until 1746, when the last of them made it independent again (disputed by Oman). From 9 February 1824 to 25 July 1826, there was a British protectorate over Mombasa, represented by Governors. Omani rule was restored in 1826; seven liwalis where appointed. On 24 June 1837, it was nominally annexed by Said bin Sultan of Muscat and Oman. On 25 May 1887, its administration was relinquished to the British East Africa Association, later the Imperial British East Africa Company. It soon became the capital of the British East Africa Protectorate and the sea terminal of the Uganda Railway, which was started in 1896. Many workers were brought in from British India to build the railway, and the city's fortunes revived. The Sultan of Zanzibar formally presented the town to the British in 1898. Mombasa became the capital of the Protectorate of Kenya, sometime between 1887 and around 1906 then Kenya's capital was moved to Nairobi at around 1906.

The Great Rift Valley is part of an intra-continental ridge system that runs through Kenya from north to south. It is part of the Gregory Rift, the eastern branch of the East African Rift, which starts in Tanzania to the south and continues northward into Ethiopia. It was formed on the "Kenyan Dome" a geographical upwelling created by the interactions of three major tectonics: the Arabian, Nubian, and Somalian plates.^[2] In the past, it was seen as part of a "Great Rift Valley" that ran from Madagascar to Syria. Most of the valley falls within the former Rift Valley Province.


圖爾卡納郡Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya.  Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988.The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers.Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918.During 1926, the entire Turkana people were placed under British military administration, who subsequently restricted their movements to the Turkana region.During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.The district maintained an all but complete isolation until 1976 when road-blocks leading to the district were lifted.
- Turkana is known in the local language as ng'turkana.^[16] Some place names in the country are attributed to the language of the Pokot and Samburu peoples, representing a tradition in the area of inhabitation by these peoples prior to displacement by the Turkana.
- coat of arms of county govt include evolution story

Association
- http://www.kba.co.ke kenya bankers association
- tea

• http://www.teaboard.or.ke tea board of kenya
• Tea research institute www.tearesearchkenya.org
• Kenya tea development agency www.ktdateas.com
• Kenya tea growers association www.ktga.or.ke
• Nyayo tea zones development corp
• East african tea trade association

- tannery

• kenya tanners association

- religious

• All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC, Conférence des Églises de toute l'Afrique or CETA) is an ecumenical fellowship that represents more than 120 million African Christians in 173 national churches and regional Christian councils.^[1] AACC's head office is in Nairobi, Kenya, and there is a regional office in Lomé, Togo. In 1958 the ecumenically dedicated Presbyterian Akanu Ibiam initiated a conference of Christian organisations and churches in Africa, which led to the foundation of AACC at its first assembly on 20 April 1963 in Kampala, Uganda. 

Turkana
- http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21657384-wild-ancient-and-oil-rich-turkana-shows-how-fast-continent-changing


Company
- financial

• KCB Group Limited, also known as the KCB Group, is a financial services holding company based in the African Great Lakes region. The Group's headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya, with its subsidiaries being KCB Bank Kenya Limited, KCB Bank Burundi Limited, KCB Bank Rwanda Limited, KCB Bank South Sudan Limited, KCB Bank Tanzania Limited, and KCB Bank Uganda Limited. The history of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited dates back to July 1896, when its predecessor, the National Bank of India (NBI), opened a branch in Mombasa to handle the business that the port was attracting at that time. In 1958, Grindlays Bank merged with the NBI to form the National and Grindlays Bank (NGB). Upon independence, the government of Kenya acquired 60 percent shareholding in NGB in an effort to bring banking closer to the majority of Kenyans. In 1970, the government acquired 100 percent of the shareholding in NGB to take full control of the largest commercial bank in Kenya. NGB was then renamed Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB). In 1972, KCB acquired Savings & Loan Kenya Limited, which specialized in mortgage finance. In 1988, the first 20 percent of the government's shares in the company were sold through an Initial public offering on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The government has over the years reduced its shareholding to 23.6 percent. In the rights issue of 2010, the government further reduced its shareholding to 17.31 percent.

• https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/international/kenya-bank-to-open-office-in-china-to-facilitate-sino-africa-trade-19702775 Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB), a regional financial institution, plans to open a representative office in China in order to lower cost of Sino-Africa trade, officials said Wednesday. 

• Equity Bank Kenya Limited, is a financial services provider headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. It is licensed as a commercial bank, by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator.[4]In 2010 the entity introduced Agency banking model[5] which has proved a success[6]and still regulated by Central Bank of Kenya Prudential guidelines. Equity Bank Kenya Limited was incorporated in 2014 as a result of the corporate restructure of Equity Group Holdings Limited. Prior to November 2014, Equity Group Holdings Limited operated both as a licensed bank and a holding company for its subsidiaries.

• http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-03/26/c_137925252.htm  Kenyan-based regional financial institution Equity Bank plans to boost presence of WeChat Pay and Alipay in Africa, a banker said on Monday.Jack Ngare, managing director of Finserve Africa, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Equity Bank, told Xinhua in Nairobi that they have already made the Chinese financial technology service available in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda."We are currently at advanced stages of rolling out WeChat Pay and Alipay to merchants in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) by the end of the year and thereafter to additional Africa markets," said Ngare.Equity Bank has subsidiaries in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, South Sudan and DRC.

- Kenya Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Kenya Airways, is the flag carrier of Kenya. The company was founded in 1977, after the dissolution of East African Airways. The carrier's head office is located in Embakasi, Nairobi, with its hub at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.The airline was wholly owned by the Government of Kenya until April 1995, and it was privatised in 1996, becoming the first African flag carrier to successfully do so.^[6] Kenya Airways is currently a public-private partnership. The largest shareholder is the Government of Kenya (48.9%), 38.1% is owned by KQ Lenders Company 2017 Ltd. (in turn owned by a consortium of banks), followed by KLM, which has a 7.8% stake in the company. The rest of the shares are held by private owners; shares are traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Securities Exchange.

• Kenya Airways and Dutch carrier KLM have expanded their deal to allow the airlines sell more flights to and from Europe and East Africa.The new agreement builds on the previous general sales agent (GSA) deal that only covered London and Amsterdam routes into Nairobi. https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/companies/Kenya-Airways-KLM-deal-boost-route-coverage/4003102-4275304-n3tvhwz/

- food

• Agroprodservice corp

• Exhibited at 2016 tdc food fair

• java house

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201809/13/WS5b99ce95a31033b4f4655cc9.html Java House, East Africa's largest coffee shop chain, is planning to sell its premium coffee in China, a market with a rapidly growing number of coffee drinkers. The Nairobi, Kenya-based chain has signed a distribution agreement with Greechain International Ltd, a Shanghai-based logistics company. Starting later this year, Java House will export a total of 10 to 15 metric tons of products to China every month, including coffee beans, coffee powder and tea leaves. By the end of the year, a Java House and Greechain joint venture is expected to be launched in the free trade zone area of Shanghai, and the two companies will open the first coffee shop selling African coffee in the city.

- ict

• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8b8f3474-725b-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc.html Safaricom, Kenya’s biggest telecoms operator and largest listed company, will press ahead with diversifying its business portfolio, despite complaints from competitors that it is abusing its dominant position. From mobile payments to WiFi services and television set-top boxes, the company, which is 40 per cent owned by Vodafone, has been aggressively expanding into new areas to find new revenue streams and tap into Kenya’s growing middle-class.

- energy

• National Oil Corporation of Kenya http://nationaloil.co.ke/site/

- education

• Bridge International Academies is a network of schools which began in Kenya in 2008. Bridge has over 500 schools and educates over 100,000 children. It is aiming to educate 10,000,000 pupils across 12 or more countries by 2025. It currently operates schools in India,^[4] Kenya,^[5] Liberia,^[6] Nigeria^[7] and Uganda.^[8] It is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya with additional offices in Kampala, Lagos, Monrovia, Vijayawada, London, Boston, and Washington, DC. Through the use of technology it streamlines school administration, delivers lessons plan to teachers, facilitates classroom management and tracks the progress of both teachers and students in real time.^[9] The company has notable investor support from Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates. Bridge schools are different from many competitor schools in that they prohibit their teachers from using corporal punishment.

• https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/06/23/bridge-academies-battles-its-enemies Yet Bridge is the bête noire of unions and NGOs around the world. Many NGOs disapprove of for-profit education, and unions clearly have an interest in undermining it. In Kenya, teachers are paid less than those in government schools (though more than in most private schools) and are rewarded or fired partly on the basis of their performance. Bridge says Mr Sossion’s claim that the schools are illegal is nonsense: they are not registered because the government has been sitting on the paperwork. It maintains that most of its teachers are government-trained. “The reason he [Mr Sossion] campaigns against us”, says Shannon May, one of Bridge’s founders, “is that we show that governments don’t need to increase budgets and pay teachers more in order to improve education.” Bridge’s opponents are making headway. The ombudsman for the IFC said last month that it would investigate a 27-page complaint by a consortium of unions and NGOs. Ms May is delighted. “It gives us the opportunity to have these false assertions rebutted once again.” In Uganda, meanwhile, the president’s wife, Janet Museveni, said earlier this year that Bridge schools were illegal and should be closed. In Kenya enrolment fell from 100,000 in 2015 to 80,000 in 2017, and is still falling. Mr Sossion claims credit. “When a union campaigns against a company, parents will listen. Their business model will collapse.” But things could take a turn in Bridge’s favour. In Kenya, opposition to Mr Sossion within the union has raised questions about how long he can last. In Uganda, Bridge schools remain open. And in Nigeria, Bridge is exploring a less politically contentious way of operating. It has a contract with the government of Edo state to improve primary schooling for half a million pupils. “The government-pay market has vast potential for this business,” says Steve Beck of Novastar Ventures, a fund that has invested in Bridge. Partnership with governments probably beats being a punchball.

Industry
- financial

• https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21724419-and-may-soon-become-nation-bondholders-kenya-launches-worlds-first

- oil

• 據觀察者網報道：當 地時間26日下午，隨着一艘萬噸油輪緩 緩駛離蒙巴薩港（Mombasa），肯尼 亞成為東非地區史上首個石油輸出國， 買家則是中國公司。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190829/PDF/a14_screen.pdf

- e-commerce

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-02/03/content_19472957.htm The past few years have seen several malls come up in the suburbs of Nairobi, Kenya's capital,as Kenyans' love for shopping soars. Both low-income and high-ends suburbs have not been spared, with developers competing toconstruct the facilities that have taken the East African nation by storm. And as the malls take over Nairobi, the trend is slowly switching to the Internet, where online mallsare gaining space and currency.

- textile

• ft 2dec14 "investing in kenya" page 4

- dairy farming

• ft 2dec14 "investing in kenya" page 3
• Kenya is likely to import about 200 million liters of milk from the East Africa Community (EAC) in 2019 in order to bridge the production deficit, the dairy industry regulator said on Wednesday. Margaret Kibogy, managing director of Kenya Dairy Board (KDB) told Xinhua in Nairobi that Kenya is not itself sufficient in milk production due to rising consumption fueled by rising incomes and urbanization. "We typically rely on the EAC trading bloc which has a liberalized trading regime to meet milk consumer demand," Kibogy said during the AgriFi Food Safety Program forum. Kibogy said that imports from outside the EAC economic bloc are limited to specialized dairy products that are not available in the region in order to cushion the local dairy sector.http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/17/c_137985447.htm

- agriculture

• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cc649902-b2b3-11e4-b234-00144feab7de.html#axzz3RsELaLTi Kenyan farmer Anne Lidonde will plant more spinach than usual this year — and it is all thanks to the collapse in global oil prices. The middle-aged mother of two is one of the more obscure beneficiaries of a falling oil price which the International Monetary Fund predicts will depress growth rates for sub-Saharan Africa to 4.9 per cent. This is almost 1 per cent lower than previous forecasts, with key economies such as Nigeria relying on oil sales for revenues. Kenya, like all bar one of its neighbours in east Africa, is dependent on oil imports rather than exports. The big fall in crude oil prices has resulted in savings not only in petroleum products, where prices have fallen less precipitously than crude, but also for products that rely on fuel inputs. Oil accounts for most inflationary pressures across the region, according to the African Development Bank, so the oil crash has resulted in lower prices for food and household goods. “Everything is down: petrol charges are down, unga [maize flour] is down, fertiliser is down. I’m ploughing the savings back into the farm,” said Ms Lidonde as she boarded a minibus taxi that slashed fares by 20 per cent this month. Inflation across Kenya fell to 5.53 per cent in January, down from 6.02 per cent the month before, according to the latest figures from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. This means most food prices are still rising — especially in the drought-affected scarce season that lasts until the April rains — but the cost of some staples is falling.

- coffee

• http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21695564-cautionary-tale-about-overregulated-industry-bitter-harvest COFFEE was once Kenya’s biggest foreign-exchange earner, but these days the industry looks less perky. The country’s record, 127,000-tonne crop was all the way back in the 1987-88 season. Output plunged by 40% the following year, after the global coffee cartel axed its quotas, exposing the industry to competition. It has been falling ever since: last year it was less than 45,000 tonnes, a mere 0.5% of coffee production worldwide. That is not for lack of quality. Kenya’s arabica coffee, grown in the highlands around Mount Kenya, is world-renowned, unlike the robusta produced in places like Vietnam and Brazil and used in instant granules. Domestic consumption is tiny, but growing by as much as 20% a year, as coffee-shop chains expand to cater to Kenya’s growing middle class. That middle class also craves better housing, however, generating an insatiable thirst for land among developers. Nairobi’s property market is bubbling. The road between the capital and Thika, a town on the brink of being swallowed by its northern suburbs, is lined with coffee plantations that have been sold to developers. No one has bothered to pull up the weeds overtaking the coffee bushes on one hill-top outside Thika that is destined to become 500 homes. For many smallholders, who account for 60% of the country’s coffee production, there just isn’t enough money in beans anymore. Some small farmers have abandoned the crop altogether for vegetables or other, more lucrative export crops, such as macadamia nuts. It doesn’t have to be this way. Coffee production in neighbouring Uganda has more than doubled since 1990, to 285,000 tonnes. In 2010, the most recent year for which comparative data are available, Kenyan coffee farmers received 20% of the export price of their crop, compared with more than 80% in Uganda. Mismanagement has played a part in the Kenyan industry’s decline. The Kenya Planters Co-operative Union (KPCU), which owned 70% of the country’s milling capacity at its peak as well as providing its smallholder members with loans and cheap fertiliser, went bust in 2009. It came out of receivership in 2014, but allegations about its past were aired last autumn and led some farmers to threaten to leave their harvests on the bushes in protest. These included stories of a boardroom fistfight over the purchase of new computers, and of the theft of all the machinery from the KPCU’s Nairobi mill, as well as unconfirmed reports that some of the organisation’s directors had looted loans and coffee-sale proceeds meant for its members for nearly two decades before it went under. Regulation has left the industry with a Byzantine structure that presents many opportunities for skimming off money. Only 10% of beans are bought directly from farmers. Most smallholders belong to a co-operative, which skins, ferments and dries the coffee beans before passing them on to a miller that finishes the processing and grading. The bags then go to one of eight licensed marketing agents, which sell the coffee to 60 local and international dealers at the Nairobi Coffee Exchange.

- horticulture

• http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21690077-long-journey-those-special-stems-leaving-jet-plane IF YOU come home to a vase full of roses on Valentine’s Day in Europe there will be a good chance they were picked a few days earlier on the shores of Lake Naivasha in Kenya. The fertile Rift Valley soil, warm days and cool nights make for perfect flower-growing conditions. The Netherlands still dominates the global horticulture industry, but Kenya is digging itself a growing niche. Its cut-flower exports increased 12-fold to 137,000 tonnes between 1988 and 2014 as buyers realised it was cheaper, and counter-intuitively greener, to fly blooms thousands of miles than to heat Dutch greenhouses. More than 30% of the European Union’s cut-flower imports now come from Kenya. Most are roses.

- security

• http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654074-more-kenyans-now-work-private-security-tourism-guards-not-guides In April Somali Islamists took more than 700 students hostage in the Kenyan town of Garissa, murdering 148 of them. In 2013 gunmen attacked an upscale mall in Nairobi, the capital, slaughtering dozens of shoppers. Western governments have advised travellers not to visit Kenya. Local officials call the warnings unfair and timid, but have conspicuously failed to protect their own people. So tourists are staying away. Safari camps, bush lodges and mountain resorts are nearly empty. Owners say they have never seen times this bad. Last year the number of Kenyans employed to pamper tourists fell 20,000 to 206,000, according to official figures. Meanwhile, the number paid to protect people in Kenya has risen dramatically. Insiders say the private-security industry now employs a quarter of a million people—comfortably more than tourism does. Some put the figure as high as 300,000 (which is more than there are in the police) and the number of firms in operation at several thousand. Among them are global brands including G4S and specialist firms from Israel, but also local giants such KK Security and many small neighbourhood outfits. A municipal security co-ordinator in Kenya’s second city, Mombasa, derides many of the guards as “door openers”, suggesting that some are more likely to spy for intruders than deter them. Nairobi is said to have 100,000 guards, making security its biggest employer. Even middle-class homes are watched by yawning men in uniform. Most Kenyans worry more about ordinary crime than terrorism. And some of the growth in private security reflects a rise in wealth (GDP growth accelerated last year from 4.9% to 5.7%) and the arrival of ever more foreign investors occupying shiny offices that would need guarding almost anywhere in the world. But still, in a world where tourists have lots of choice, Kenya cannot afford its reputation for mayhem.

- car

• http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21697872-government-not-doing-much-drivers-kicking-tyres

- education

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201903/06/WS5c7f19dea3106c65c34ecfb9.html The disclosure that more than two dozen Kenyan universities have been offering unapproved degree courses is likely to affect the careers of tens of thousands students, experts said, but it elicited a public cry for a clear strategy to develop strong links between education and the private industry. The Commission for University Education last month revealed that 26 universities were offering 133 degree courses which were not approved by the government. In an audit report, the commission rejected the programs, which have an overall enrollment potential of 10,000 students, and accused the institutions of offering duplicate programs or programs that were above their capacities in resources and teaching staff. The regulator is mandated to approve all university programs and ensure maintenance of standards, quality and relevance in all aspects of university education. Despite an assurance that this was a "normal finding", experts are calling for increased participation of the business community in higher education to validate the quality of programs. The largest portion of programs affected cuts across sciences, technology and engineering courses. Students and their parents are concerned that those still enrolled in these programs may be disrupted, while those who have graduated will have their degrees derecognized by prospective employers. The revelations came to light when the government undertook an audit of the subsector in preparation for students' enrollment using a recently-launched digital system. In a bid to enhance transition from secondary to tertiary level, the government is placing more than 652,000 candidates in various institutions. The process, which was to start soon, will likely be delayed by the crisis as the review of the programs starts. Experts, however, believe it is time to urgently bring the private sector on board.

Trade and investment environment
- notes printing

• https://www.ft.com/content/8805cc34-f489-11e7-88f7-5465a6ce1a00 De La Rue, the UK paper goods maker, has had its contract to print Kenya’s new bank notes cancelled after the country’s procurement watchdog ruled that the central bank had awarded it unlawfully. The Public Procurement Administrative Review Board said De La Rue, listed on the FTSE 250 in London, should not have received a 15 per cent preference margin on tender, which is given to bidders of services when goods are manufactured domestically. Without the preference margin, De La Rue’s contract would be more expensive to the taxpayer. De La Rue has a banknote and security printing facility in Kenya, its only one in Africa. Lawyers for the central bank argued that De La Rue’s bid qualified for the preference margin because the majority of the notes would be printed at the facility. However, the board ruled that because the contract was awarded to De La Rue International, the preference margin should not have been applied. It ordered that all four tenders should be re-evaluated within 14 days. The three other bidders were Giesecke & Devrient of Germany, Sweden’s Crane Currency and Oberthur Fiduciaire of France.

- labour

• Hundreds of passengers were stranded at Kenya's main international airport after a strike caused major disruption to flights. The military was deployed to try to overcome the industrial action at Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta airport. By late afternoon, Kenya Airways said most of its affected departing flights had been rescheduled. However, some regional flights have been cancelled. Airports in Mombasa, Eldoret and Kisumu were also affected. Workers are unhappy about plans to merge the airport authority and the national airline. The government condemned the strike as illegal, and Kenyan air force personnel were brought in to help screen passengers.  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47467271

- bank

• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/3ada93d0-8e07-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b.html The move by Kenya to suspend the licensing of new commercial banks is designed to bolster its supervisory capacity and drive consolidation of the banking industry in order to shore up its weaknesses, the central bank has revealed. It comes just weeks after the Central Bank of Kenya sought to reassure investors that the country’s banking system remained “safe and robust” after one bank was liquidated and another placed into receivership because of liquidity problems. The move is seen as a clear signal from Patrick Njoroge, the central bank governor, who has said repeatedly since taking office in June that he wants to improve the sustainability of the industry in a country ranked 145 out of 175 on Transparency International’s corruption perception index.
•  https://www.ft.com/content/70a4771a-07fa-11e7-97d1-5e720a26771b Kenya set to end freeze on new banking licences

- minerals

• http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5ec41850-2657-11e6-8b18-91555f2f4fde.html Dan Kazungu, the ebullient mining minister, has written a 20-year strategy that he hopes will see up to 20 more operators such as Base Resources in the next 15 years. Government revenues from mining and mineral operations were just Ks1.65bn ($16.5m) in the last financial year. However, Mr Kazungu expects these to have more than doubled by June, the end of the financial year, and has set a goal of 10 per cent of GDP by 2030 — a figure likely to be well over $7bn. This will be met, he says, by attracting foreign investors, registering the tens of thousands of Kenya’s informal miners — most of whom pan for gold, developing a mining services industry and expanding the small gemstone industry. Western mining executives and analysts say that in addition to gold deposits Kenya has base metals such as copper, rare earth minerals and some coal. Most believe the country does not have the prospects of either Uganda or Tanzania, home to Bulyanhulu, London-listed Acacia Mining’s largest African gold mine. But Mr Kazungu remains optimistic.

- mass media/broadcast

• https://www.ft.com/content/5cc2f622-069b-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5 Kenya said the country’s three largest private television stations would remain off air indefinitely, pending an investigation into “incitement” linked to the mock presidential inauguration of opposition leader Raila Odinga. The Media Council of Kenya, the industry regulator, described the move to close the KTN News, NTV and Citizen stations as “the greatest threat and assault on freedom of expression and media in Kenya’s recent history”. The government cut the transmission of the stations on Tuesday to prevent coverage of the mock swearing-in, which was a symbolic challenge to the legitimacy of President Uhuru Kenyatta’s election victory last year. Mr Odinga refuses to recognise Mr Kenyatta’s presidency, claiming the electoral process was rigged.

- environment

• https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/28/kenya-brings-in-worlds-toughest-plastic-bag-ban-four-years-jail-or-40000-fine Kenyans producing, selling or even using plastic bags will risk imprisonment of up to four years or fines of $40,000 (£31,000) from Monday, as the world’s toughest law aimed at reducing plastic pollution came into effect. The east African nation joins more than 40 other countries that have banned, partly banned or taxed single use plastic bags, including China, France, Rwanda, and Italy.

People
- Jomo Kenyatta (c. 1897 – 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Ministerfrom 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first black head of government and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. Kenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. Educated at a mission school, he worked in various jobs before becoming politically engaged through the Kikuyu Central Association. In 1929, he travelled to London to lobby for Kikuyu tribal land affairs. During the 1930s, he studied at Moscow's Communist University of the Toilers of the East, University College London and the London School of Economics. In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussexduring the Second World War. Influenced by his friend George Padmore, he embraced anti-colonialist and Pan-African ideas, co-organising the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester.

• Kenyatta was a divisive figure; prior to Kenyan independence, many of its white settlers regarded him as an agitator and malcontent, although across Africa he gained widespread respect as an anti-colonialist. During his presidency, he was given the honorary title of Mzeeand lauded as the Father of the Nation, securing support from both the black majority and white minority with his message of reconciliation. Conversely, his rule was criticised as dictatorial and authoritarian, of favouring Kikuyu over other ethnic groups and of overseeing a growth in corruption and cronyism which have generated long-term problems for Kenya.Kenyatta was born into the Kikuyu people in the village of Nginda, which lay in an area of sugar cane and cattle pasture.^[2] His father was named Muigai, and his mother Wambui.^[2]They were shamba folk, living in a homestead built on a spur of land near the River Thiririka; they were farmers, raising crops and breeding both sheep and goats.^[2] Muigai was sufficiently wealthy that he could afford to keep several wives, each of whom lived in a separate nyūmba (woman's hut).^[3] Kenyatta's exact date of birth is not known, as birth records were not traditionally kept by the Kikuyu.^[4] It is known that he was probably born sometime in the 1890s.
• Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan business man and the fourth and current president of the Republic of Kenya.^[1] He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013. Currently the party leader and a member of the Jubilee Party of Kenya, he was previously involved with The National Alliance and before that the Kenya African National Union. He is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first president, and his fourth wife Mama Ngina Kenyatta. Uhuru is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's founding father and first president of the republic of Kenya (in office 1964–1978), with his fourth wife, Mama Ngina Kenyatta. His family hails from the Kikuyu, a Bantu ethnic group. His given name "Uhuru" is from the Swahili term for "freedom", and was given to him in anticipation of Kenya's upcoming independence. Uhuru attended St Mary's School in Nairobi. Between 1979 and 1980, he also briefly worked as a teller at the Kenya Commercial Bank. After St. Mary's school, Uhuru went on to study economics, political science and government at Amherst College in the United States.^[8][9][2] Upon his graduation, Uhuru returned to Kenya, and started a company Wilham Kenya Limited, through which he sourced and exported agricultural produce.

- Patrick Ngugi Njoroge is a Kenyan economist and banker and the governor of the Central Bank of Kenya.He entered the University of Nairobi in 1979, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 1983 and a Master of Arts in Economics in 1985. From 1987 until 1993, he studied at Yale University, graduating with a Doctor of Philosophy in economics. From April 1995 until October 2005, he worked at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington, D. C., first as an economist and later as a senior economist. From November 2005 until December 2006, he served as the IMF mission chief for Dominica. He then served as the deputy division chief, Finance Department, at the IMF, from December 2006 until December 2012, based in Washington, D. C. from December 2012 until June 2015, he served as advisor to the deputy managing director of the IMF. He was nominated to be the governor of the Central Bank of Kenya by Uhuru Kenyatta, the president of Kenya, on 2 June 2015.^[2][3] After vetting by the parliamentary committee on Finance, Trade and Planning on 17 June 2015, he was approved by the parliament of Kenyaon 18 June 2015.^[4][5] He assumed office effective 19 June 2015. On 13 October 2015 the Central Bank of Kenya under his leadership placed Imperial Bank into receivership.

• He is of the Roman Catholic faith and a numerary member of Opus Dei.

Ethnic group
- 基庫尤 The Kikuyu are the largest ethnic group in Kenya. They speak the Bantu Kikuyu language as a mother tongue. The term Kikuyu is the Swahili form of the native pronunciation Gĩkũyũ. They are also referred to as the Agĩkũyũ or Nyũmba ya Mũmbi meaning House Of The Potter or Creator. Gĩkũyũ literally means a huge sycamore (mũkũyũ) tree and Agĩkũyũ thus literally refers to the children of the huge sycamore.

• Before the establishment of East Africa Protectorate in the 1895, the Agĩkũyũ preserved geographic and political power from almost all external influence for many generations; they had never been subdued.^[8] Before the arrival of the British, Arabs involved in slave trade and their caravans passed at the southern edges of the Agĩkũyũ nation. Slavery as an institution did not exist amongst the Agĩkũyũ, nor did they make raids for the capture of slaves.^[9] The Arabs who tried to venture into Agĩkũyũ land met instant death.^[10] Relying on a combination of land purchases, blood-brotherhood (partnerships), intermarriage with other people, and their adoption and absorption, the Agĩkũyũ were in a constant state of territorial expansion.
• Ngai or Mwene-Nyaga is the Supreme Creator and giver of all things. He created the first Gĩkũyũ communities, and provided them with all the resources necessary for life: land, rain, plants, and animals. Ngai cannot be seen but is manifested in the sun, moon, stars, comets and meteors, thunder and lightning, rain, rainbows, and in the great fig trees (Mugumo). These trees served as places of worship and sacrifice and marked the spot at Mũkũrũe wa Gathanga where Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi – the ancestors of the Gĩkũyũ in the oral legend – first settled. Ngai has human characteristics, and although some say that he lives in the sky or in the clouds, Gĩkũyũ lore also says that Ngai comes to earth from time to time to inspect it, bestow blessings, and mete out punishment. When he comes, Ngai rests on Mount Kenya(Kīrīnyaga)and Kilimambogo (kĩrĩma kĩa njahĩ). Thunder is interpreted to be the movement of Ngai and lightning is the weapon used by Ngai to clear the way when moving from one sacred place to another.
• Mũmbi Muthiga is regarded as the mother of the Gĩkũyũ people. The word Mũmbi can be translated as "one who moulds". She was the wife of Gĩkũyũ, and ancestor to all the Agĩkũyũ people. The story of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi has been recorded by various writers throughout the Gĩkũyũ history; notable among them are Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of independent Kenya, Louis Leakey and the prolific Gĩkũyũ writer Gakaara wa Wanjaũ and another Gĩkũyũ writer known as Mathew Njoroge Kabetũ among many others. The name Mumbi comes from the Bantu root verb "BA", the same root word that gives rise to "UMBA". The prefix "Mu" is the Bantu noun classifier for nouns that have souls, like humans.The verb UMBA indicates the action of moulding, shaping, designing or creating. The suffix "i" replaces the terminal "a" in the Bantu language noun or verb to create the name for the performer of the action. Being derived from a Bantu root, the word Mumbi is also widely used by the Kamba ethnic community. Among the Kamba community the name carries the same meaning as among the Kikuyus.
• economist 3oct2020 
• featured in film out of africa

- 圖爾卡納   The Turkana are a Nilotic people native to the Turkana County in northwest Kenya, a semi-arid climate region bordering Lake Turkana in the east, Pokot, Rendille and Samburu people to the south, Uganda to the west, and South Sudan and Ethiopia to the north. They refer to their land as Turkan.   The Turkana are noted for raising camels and weaving baskets. In their oral traditions, they designate themselves the people of the grey bull, after the Zebu, the domestication of which played an important role in their history. In recent years, development aid programs have aimed at introducing fishing among the Turkana (a taboo in some sections of The Turkana society) with very limited success.The Turkana refer to themselves as "Ngiturkan" and their land as "Eturkan". The Turkana ethnic group as a whole is composed of two major divisions, each composed of territorial sections. 

• scmp 5july2020

Infrastructure
- new Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project by China Road and Bridge Corporation

•  face problems as land tensions rise ft 2dec14 "investing in kenya" page 2

- nairobi airport

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-02/09/content_19525316.htm The engineers for the project, including on landside and the airfield side, are from AVIC Airport ofBeijing. The architects for the terminal are Pascall+Watson, a London-based firm. Constructionof the new terminal will be done by Anhui Civil Engineering Group and China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corporation. The project supervisor is the Louis BergerGroup, a US-based firm. This is a challenging and interesting project for AVIC Airport. It is the first time the firm hasdesigned an airport based on British/European standards. There are many Chinese firms doingconstruction work in Africa, but not design. AVIC Airport has a tight time frame for this project. It started the design work in September 2014.Because of the tight project schedule, AVIC Airport engineers have worked overtime on thisproject, trying to complete the design work on time, under budget and with satisfaction.

- wind power

• https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/20/africa/africas-largest-wind-farm-intl/index.html Kenya has launched Africa's largest wind power farm in a bid to boost electricity generating capacity and to meet the country's ambitious goal of 100% green energy by 2020. The farm, known as the Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP) will generate around 310 megawatts of power to the national grid and will increase the country's electricity supply by 13%, President Uhuru Kenyatta said at the launch of the project on Friday.

Surname
- In Kenya, common Kikuyu name ‘Mwangi’ is listed as the most popular surname in Kenya, appearing at a frequency of 1 in every 72 people.

A total of 632,298 people bear the surname. ‘Mwangi’ also makes a big presence in other East African nations. Coming at number two is another common Kikuyu name – Maina, with an incidence of 415,000 at a frequency of 1 in every 110 people. Kamau follows at position three, followed by Otieno and Kariuki in that order. Others appearing in the top 10 are Njoroge, Kimani, Ochieng, Odhiambo and Omondi. Only two tribes – Kikuyu and Luos, make up the top 10. As a matter of fact, the first non-Kikuyu or Luo name is ‘Mutua’, appearing at position 18.http://nairobiwire.com/2016/03/revealed-mwangi-is-the-most-common-surname-in-kenya-full-list.html

History
- The Mau Mau Uprising (1952–60), also the Mau Mau Rebellion, the Kenya Emergency, and the Mau Mau Revolt, was a war in British Kenya. The Mau Mau groups of people, politically dominated by the Kikuyu people, fought against the white European settlers in Kenya and the British Army, e.g. the local Kenya Regiment (British, auxiliaries, and pro–British Kikuyu people).The uprising created a rift between the European colonial community in Kenya and the metropole, but also resulted in violent divisions within the Kikuyu community.

USA
- 美國總統特朗普周一在白宮接見到訪的肯尼亞總統肯雅塔，就貿易、國家安全等議題交換意見。特朗普提到兩國已同意在肯尼亞興建連接首都內羅畢和第二大城巿蒙巴薩的蒙內高速公路，分析認為此乃美國抗衡中國「一帶一路」的工具。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180829/00180_004.html

Uk
- forum

• http://foots.proboards.com

swahili
- china daily 13sep19 swahili house museum located in lamu island

sudan
- Kenya and South Sudan on Monday inked agreements aimed at deepening trade ties between the two neighboring countries. The deals which were signed in Nairobi between visiting South Sudan President Salva Kiir and his host Kenya President Uhuru Kenyatta will also see the two countries set up a joint border commission for the management of the common border. Under the agreements, Kenya will hold a trade expo in Juba in November to help deepen trade ties between the two nations and also work as a show of confidence in South Sudan's economy.http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/01/c_138189932.htm

Japan
- http://www.africadesk.asia/newsdetail_africa.php?id=551502c45a6f9 日前，日本與肯尼亞兩國政府簽署一項247億肯先令貸款(約2.7億美元)的貸款協議，用於東非最大港口蒙巴薩港二號集裝箱碼頭的第二階段工程建設。日本政府共承諾向該項目融資500億肯先令(約5.46億美元)，預計2020年全部完工後，將使蒙巴薩港貨物吞吐能力提高到目前的2-3倍。

singapore
- Kenya-based regional financial institution Equity Bank and Singapore-based online payment company Red Dot Payment on Wednesday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to introduce Alipay and WeChat Pay to the East African market.

Jack Ngare, Managing Director of Equity Bank subsidiary Finserve, told journalists in Nairobi that following the agreement East Africans will be able to use WeChat Pay and Alipay to purchase goods and services in local currency. "We hope to roll out the Chinese mobile payment service in East Africa by the end of July," Ngare said during the trade forum for the Singapore Business Mission to Kenya. Under the agreement, the Alipay and WeChat Pay will be connected to the Equity Bank payment gateway. Equity Bank is one of the largest regional banks in East Africa with presence in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and Rwanda. The regional bank said it currently controls about 60 percent of e-commerce transactions in the East African region. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/13/c_137251711.htm

China
- senior officials visit

• http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1388684.shtml 
  On August 10, 2016 local time, President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya met with visiting Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Presidential Palace in Nairobi.
• https://www.ft.com/content/947ea960-38b2-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23 Mr Kenyatta, one of only two African leaders to attend this weekend’s Beijing forum of China’s flagship Belt and Road regional infrastructure programme, said ahead of the gathering: “Those of us there, representing Africa, will be pushing . . . to increase our trade into China.” Referring to concerns in parts of Africa that China was recreating colonial trading patterns by flooding the continent with manufactured goods, extracting raw materials and gobbling up construction contracts, Mr Kenyatta said that Beijing was “beginning to appreciate that, if their win-win strategy is going to work, it must mean that, just as Africa opens up to China, China must also open up to Africa”.

- association

• Kenya Chinese Chamber of Commerce (KCCC) http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/02-27/247050.shtml
•  Kenya-China Economic and Trade Associationhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/19/WS5bf217c9a310eff3032897c5.html

- http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/12/asia/taiwan-kenya-china-deported/ Taiwan has accused China of carrying out a "gross violation of basic human rights" after 45 Taiwanese citizens were deported from Kenya to mainland China. In a statement, Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs denounced the incident as an "extrajudicial abduction." Asked about the incident in a regular news conference, China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Lu Kang said that "the one China policy is an important precondition for bilateral relations with China and other countries. We commend Kenya for implementing this policy." The "one China" policy is the principle by which both governments claim sovereignty over mainland China and Taiwan -- but crucially neither recognizes the other's legitimacy. Kenya does not recognize Taiwan -- officially the Republic of China -- nor does it maintain diplomatic relations with the island. Taiwanese officials said Beijing and Taipei set up a hotline to deal with the issue, which involves two groups of detentions last week.
- Kenya on Friday launched a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) project that is expected to attract about 2 billion U.S. dollars of foreign investments. At the ground-breaking ceremony, Deputy President William Ruto said the project is a joint venture between Kenyan-based company Africa Economic Zone and China's Guangdong New South Group. Its Phase 1 consists of a 700-acre industrial park that will house firms from agro-processing, chemical and constructing sectors, according to Ruto.
The Phase 2 will target technology firms, while Phase 3 will focus on the hospitality sector. The project was made possible after the signing of an agreement between the Kenyan and Chinese firms in China during the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) for International Cooperation.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-07/08/c_136426707.htm
- ???

•  中非合作論壇北京峰會剛結束之際，肯尼亞首都內羅比警方，周三荷槍實彈闖入中國環球電視網（CGTN）位於當地的非洲分社總部，並以打擊非法入境者為名，將電視台數名記者帶到警局調查，隨後釋放。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180906/00178_005.html

• 繼周三中國環球電視網（CGTN）的非洲分社總部被查後，駐當地《中國日報》辦公室於周五同樣被搜，一名持有效工作簽證的分社高層遭扣留後獲釋，事件引起中國駐當地大使館關注。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180908/00178_004.html

• 在肯尼亞經商的中國男子劉佳奇（Liu Jiaqi，音譯）被拍到，與員工爭執時嘲笑所有肯尼亞人都像猴子，包括該國總統肯雅塔（Uhuru Kenyatta）；又指肯尼亞人又窮又蠢又黑，自己留在當地只是為錢。當地入境部門周四宣布劉已被拘捕，工作簽證被取消，將會被驅逐出境。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180907/00178_023.html

- loans

•  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/02/WS5bdb9356a310eff3032860fc.html The Kenyan president's rejection of foreign media criticism regarding Nairobi's debt burden confirms that countries receiving aid and other forms of support are in the best position to judge China's cooperation with the African continent, an analyst said.

- nuclear

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170323/PDF/a19_screen.pdf 中國廣核集團（簡稱中廣核）21 日對外宣布，在剛落下帷幕的肯尼亞核能周及利益相關方論壇期間，中 廣核與肯尼亞核電局（簡稱KNEB）簽署了合作協議。中廣核將根據肯 尼亞核電局的需求，基於 「華龍一號」 及其改進型核電技術，為肯尼亞 提供有償的核電員工培訓、培訓能力建設和培訓信息共享服務。

- electricity

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20161001/PDF/a8_screen.pdf 由中國企業承包的肯尼亞加里薩50兆瓦光伏電站項目29日在肯尼亞首都內羅畢正式啟動，建成後將成為東非地區最大的光伏發電站。
• https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48771519 Kenyan judges have halted plans to construct the country's first ever coal-powered plant near the coastal town of Lamu, a Unesco World Heritage Site. The National Environmental Tribunal ruled that authorities had failed to do a thorough environmental assessment. Critics say the plant would have dire economic and health effects on locals. The Chinese-backed power station would increase the country's greenhouse gas emissions by 700%, activists say. They warn that construction of the 1,050 MW coal-fired plant near Lamu - a 14th Century idyllic tourist spot - would put its protected status at risk and ruin livelihoods of the locals.

- aviation

• http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/30/c_137215789.htm China Southern Airlines has announced the launch of a new flight between Nairobi and the Chinese city of Guangzhou in a move expected to increase volume of trade and cultural interactions among the two countries, airline officials said in Nairobi on Tuesday.

- port

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171218/PDF/a4_screen.pdf由中国路桥工程有限责任公司承建的内罗毕内陆集装箱港移交暨运营启动仪式十六日在肯尼亚首都内罗毕举行。

- railway

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170531/00178_015.html中國在非洲首條「全中國標準」鐵路、肯尼亞的蒙內鐵路將於今日通車。第一批肯尼亞的列車女司機近日在首都內羅畢，接受中國特派指導員培訓。這首批共七名的女司機今年一月曾遠赴陝西接受培訓，進行約五十日的理論知識學習和模擬駕駛訓練，而為應付通車，中國派出指導員實地教授女司機熟悉操作流程。
• Kenya and China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) have signed an agreement for the construction of the Naivasha-Malaba Standard Gauge Railway line. This came after the Cabinet approved signing of commercial contracts between Kenya Railways and CCCC. The latest deal falls under the Kenya SGR Developments Project, which is valued at Sh549 billion. The entire network was supposed to be in operation by December 2018 and the member states are working towards meeting the timelines of the directive. The four commercial contracts for the development of the four elements of the project include Naivasha-Kisumu, Kisumu-Malaba, Kisumu Port Development and Modernisation and expansion of the Inland Container Depot at Embakasi in Nairobi. Kenya is constructing a Standard Gauge Railway between Mombasa and Malaba as part of the East African Community protocol for the development of an SGR connecting the port of Mombasa to Kampala, Kigali and Juba.
  Read more at:http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000196405/kenya-chinese-firm-sign-contract-for-naivasha-malaba-sgr-project

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160820/00180_020.html 中國路橋集團（CRBC）早前獲得肯尼亞的鐵路工程合約，並已計劃展開第二期的建造工程，原定在九月底竣工啟用。當地青年認為鐵路工程未帶來工作機會，而接連向施工的中國員工襲擊，政府現已下令停止工程。據當地運輸部門指，二期工程的路段未獲鐵路局許可及未完成環評，故在法律上根本不應開展。當地民眾除對他們未能從鐵路工程獲益感不滿外，更批評當局在無招標的情況下將合約批予CRBC。
•  http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160918/00178_018.html 肯尼亞大批民眾前日在首都內羅畢遊行示威，抗議中資公司在國家公園承建高架鐵路，因該公園為瀕臨絕種候鳥棲息地，恐影響生態環境及威脅野生動物遷徙。當地野生動物保護聯盟已向野生動物保護局提交請願信，要求鐵路工程改變施工線路。據了解，這項工程必須取得肯尼亞國家環境管理局的同意，才能正式動工。
•  http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Court-lifts-suspension-of-construction-of-railway-in-Mombasa/1056-3465880-pp8e4u/
•  肯尼亞境內由中國承建、全長四百八十三公里的蒙巴薩—內羅畢鐵路（蒙內鐵路）去年竣工通車，惟第二階段工程因橫跨內羅畢國家公園，激起保育界不滿，早於前年已被告上法庭叫停工程。惟至上周，公園內出現很多重型機械和施工人員，一批保育人士周四上街抗議，直斥政府蔑視法院禁令。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180303/00180_025.html

• Since mid-2017, the Standard Gauge Railway, or SGR, has been running twice daily service each way between the Kenyan capital and the coastal port city of Mombasa.The afternoon train pulls away from the station at 2.35pm and covers the 472km (293 mile) journey in about 4½ hours in remarkable comfort. Before this, the rattling journey from Nairobi to Mombasa by bus could take up to 12 hours. Or there was the old British-built railway, the infamous Lunatic Express, that could take 24 hours.At US$10 for economy seats, or US$30 for business class, many travellers say the new train is a bargain. From the window, there is a clear view of the plains, and elephants, lions, buffaloes and rhinos can often be seen as it shuttles through Tsavo National Park. When the SGR train rolls into the Miritini terminus in Mombasa at 7.18pm, China’s presence is felt every bit as much as at the Nairobi station. There, a statue of the Ming dynasty Chinese admiral Zheng He sits on a plinth greeting passengers, more than 600 years after his voyage at the head of an immense Chinese fleet to the town of Malindi further up the coast in 1418. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3019603/kenyas-chinese-built-railway-hit-travellers-safari-line

- bridge

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170630/00178_011.html 由中資公司在肯尼亞承建的SIGIRI橋日前在施工期間倒塌，造成至少廿七名工人受傷。據當地傳媒引述消息指，意外原因疑為橋身受力不均，但未獲官方證實。涉事中資承建商中鐵十局周三證實事件，但否認施工違反橋樑建造標準，也未有承認相關責任，僅稱會向受傷民眾提供賠償，並指已對事故原因進行調查。

- coal

• Nowhere combines the culture’s architecture and heritage like Lamu Old Town, where there are two streets, few cars and dozens of mosques and churches. Donkeys and wooden carts are the main modes of transport. The town is a Unesco World Heritage Site with multibillion-dollar tourism and fishing industries. But it risks losing its global allure after Unesco’s World Heritage Committee warned that a US$2 billion coal-fired power plant planned in the area threatened its heritage site status. Four Chinese companies are involved in the project. The United States also supported it, with its envoy to Kenya, Kyle McCarter, saying the country needed cheaper power and American energy firm GE promising to inject US$400 million for a 20 per cent stake in Amu Power, the operating company. The Kenyan government has said the plant would enable the country to have a diversified source of electricity. However, the project’s future is uncertain after a Kenyan court, the National Environment Tribunal, ordered on June 26 that a fresh environmental impact assessment be carried out. The tribunal, which oversees decisions made by the National Environment Management Authority, also revoked the licence issued by the authority to Amu Power. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3018489/china-meets-resistance-over-kenya-coal-plant-test-its-african

- agricultural produce

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-10/26/content_22282169.htmGrowing demand for vegetables follows influx of Chinese "The rise in demand has been in line with the growing Chinese population in Nairobi, but Indiansand a growing number of locals eat these vegetables, too." Increased demand among locals for organic and nutritional food is also driving supplies, he says,adding that he has picked up tips from the Chinese on how to prepare the food, and he passesthese on to locals. "Trading in this market is more than just buying and selling; it is becoming personal." The Chinese population grew markedly in 2008 and 2009, when work began on building the 50-km Thika highway, which links Nairobi with the town of Thika. The work, done by two Chinese firms, cost $360 million and was completed in 2012.
•  http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/02-27/247050.shtml Kenya's mango season starts officially in November-December and runs all the way to March-April each year. According to statistics from the International Trade Centre (ITC), Kenya has seen an increase of over 400 percent in mango exports over the last five years.http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/02-27/247050.shtml

- mobile phones

• http://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2015-12/28/content_15364224.html The entry of various Chinese smartphone firms into the Kenyan market has offered local people wider options in the selection of both low- and high-cost smartphones. At least two Chinese smartphone manufacturers have entered the Kenyan market this year, adding to several others that were already operating in the East African nation. The Chinese phone-makers in Kenya include Huawei, Tecno, Lenovo, Oppo and Infinix. All the technology giants are making smartphones that are pocket-friendly, particularly for the Kenyan market, where feature phones are still in wider use. Kenyan people can now acquire quality, multi-functional smartphones for as little as US$30. However, the phone-makers are not only manufacturing low-cost phones but high-end gadgets that cost as much as US$490.

- lottery

• 華彩控股(1371)宣佈，公司的間接全資附屬公司「智理」於近日就肯尼亞國家彩票業務與GoldenPawLottery（「GPL」，該公司獲得肯尼亞博彩委員會相關牌照授權）正式簽署肯尼亞國家彩票業務合作協議。這是集團在加納、塞拉利昂開展彩票戰略合作之後，進入非洲彩票市場的第三站，標誌着集團全面進軍非洲彩票市場。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/17/b01-1017.pdf

- trade promotion event

• China trade week http://www.chinatradeweek.com/article/show/97.aspx, http://m.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2015-07/20/content_21328775.htm, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-07/20/content_21328428.htm

• 2019 edition  http://www.ctwkenya.com/, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/14/c_138058163.htm

• china africa expo chinadaily 12dec17

- Investors from China

• Kenya China Travel & Tours Ltd http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014-10/17/content_18761173.htm
• http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1747401/chinese-restaurant-kenya-shut-down-after-it-barred-black-patrons A Chinese restaurant in the Kenyan capital Nairobi has been shut down and its owners summoned by authorities after it emerged it was barring black patrons, according to reports yesterday. The restaurant became the focus of city authorities after furious residents took to social media to denounce an apparently racist policy of not allowing African patrons to eat there after 5pm - pushing #RacistRestaurant, #NoBlacksHere and #TheChineseInvasion to be top trending topics. The owners of the restaurant said the measure was put in place after a robbery in 2013, and apologised for causing any offence, the Daily Nation reported. But it said the Chongquing Chinese restaurant, situated in Nairobi's commercial and residential district of Kilimani, had been shut down anyway for not having the proper licences. "We have established that the restaurant did not have the licences and I have ordered it closed until the management complies," Nairobi governor Evans Kidero said. http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150326/PDF/a24_screen.pdf 肯尼亞首 都內羅畢一間中餐館被揭發禁止黑人顧客光顧後，被當 局以無牌經營為由勒令停業。 憤怒的民眾在社交媒體斥責，位於內羅畢商住區基 利馬尼的餐館 「重慶酒家」實施種族主義政策，不准黑 人顧客在下午5時在館內進食。該餐館隨後成了市當局 的焦點。
• http://africa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2015-07/17/content_21309042.htm a Chinese-owned company that has been in Kenya since 2011 has introduced several models of electric bike aimed at helping to implement a green African economy. Chee Tah Kenya Ltd, which is based in North China's Hubei province and manufactures and exports Small Island e-bikes, opened a new store in Nairobi's Lunga Lunga Road in early July. Small Island bicycles have been a common sight in eastern China for decades, and in 2003 the brand began to make e-bikes. Zhang Xuefeng, director of Chee Tah Kenya Ltd, says that over the past 12 years, the company has successfully ramped up production to more than 500,000 units in minimum annual output and has sold millions of e-bikes in China and across Asia.
• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150908/PDF/b3_screen.pdf 中國廣核集團昨日與肯尼亞能源與石油部下屬的核電局在深圳大亞灣核電基地簽署《中國廣核集團有限公司與肯尼亞核電局關於肯尼亞核電開發合作的諒解備忘錄》。根據諒解備忘錄，中廣核集團與肯尼亞核電局雙方將基於華龍一號（HPR1000）技術及其改進技術，在肯尼亞於核電開發和能力建設方面開展全面合作。　肯尼亞代表團於訪華期間，除簽署諒解備忘錄外，還會深入考察中廣核的核電工程建設、生產運營、科技研發等整體能力，與中廣核就有效開展肯尼亞核電人才培養、有序快速推進肯尼亞核電項目開發工作等議題進行研討。此外，肯尼亞代表團還將與國家能源局討論政府層面合作事宜。　肯尼亞現有電力裝機容量約200萬千瓦，村電網覆蓋率僅10%，全國僅30%。根據肯尼亞政府規劃，預計到2016年裝機容量將達到500萬千瓦，到2030年規劃裝機容量將達到1700萬千瓦。根據肯尼亞政府規劃，肯尼亞計劃在2030年前分4期建設4台百萬千瓦級核電機組。　肯尼亞是中國“一帶一路”建設在非洲的重要落腳點，國家能源局明確表示全力支持中廣核集團以華龍一號及其改進型技術開發肯尼亞核電項目。
• http://m.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2016-05/09/content_25153105.htm On the outskirts of Nairobi along Limuru Road, an upcoming mall that is underconstruction is an architectural beauty that will automatically raise KiambuCounty's ratings once complete.The mall, which will be known as Two Rivers Mall is estimated to cost close to 15.1billion shillings (about $150 million) and will be built in phases by Aviation IndustryCorporation of China, which is the main contractor.
•  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/tech/2017-01/23/content_28030096.htm Tipping Points Technology Limited, an information and communications technology company based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, East China, is bringing new opportunities for Kenya's performing artists through its live streaming app Live-Baze. The artists are able to display their talent, earn money and fame, and receive virtual gifts from fans. Launched in October last year, the free app features exclusive content like music, dances, gaming, live chats and behind-the-scene activities at events and concerts.
• 劉鵬通過朋友介紹遇到了現在的合夥人布萊辛，後者是 肯尼亞知名音樂導演和電視節目製作人。他倆發現，非洲人熱愛音 樂和運動，耳機成為這兩項活動完美結合的載體，但歐美品牌對當 地普通人而言價格太高，應打造一個屬於非洲本土的耳機品牌。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/09/06/a08-0906.pdf

- education

• scholarship for kenyans

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-03/01/content_28386050.htm, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-08/26/content_21706284.htm

•  中国路桥董事长卢山表示，公司资助100名肯尼亚留学生来到北交大“路桥班”接受本科教育，为东非铁路网的建设运营储备人才。这些留学生最终能够以“中国通”的身份回国http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170614/PDF/b10_screen.pdf

- culture

• Kenya's oldest university on Monday hosted an exhibition by visiting Chinese artists to help showcase the East African nation's rich culture and natural wonders.The day-long exhibition at the University of Nairobi's School of Arts and Design was attended by senior Kenyan officials, representatives of Chinese Embassy in Kenya, students and art lovers. Kiprop Lagat, the Director of Culture in the Ministry of Sports, Culture and the Arts, said the exhibition was held against a backdrop of efforts to promote cultural diplomacy between Kenya and China. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137098554.htm
• The second edition of a Chinese singing competition was held on July 27 in Kenya's second largest institution of higher learning, Kenyatta University. More than a dozen contestants performed a rich collection of contemporary Chinese music in front of dignitaries, including the counselor at the Chinese embassy in Kenya, Wang Xuezheng. "The promotion of China-Kenya relations requires us to further enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between our two peoples," said Wang. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/06/WS5b678d8ba3100d951b8c8b1d.html

- chinese language

• https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/3031528/kenya-chinese-arrivals-are-targeted-jehovahs The Japanese Witness at An’s door was one of these. And while Jehovah’s Witnesses do not appear on the Chinese Communist Party’s list of xie jiao – banned extremist “cults” – no Witness would have knocked on An’s door in the mainland.Having been barred from China for her preaching, the Japanese Witness followed a fresh trail of souls left by the Chinese diaspora to Kenya, a country that allows near carte-blanche religious freedom; a place where she and other mission­aries could offer the Chinese in Africa, such as An, something they never knew they needed back home – the anti­thesis of Mao Zedong’s communist ethos, the good news of their Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.A Kenyan brother who goes by the Chinese name Fei Li opens the meeting with a prayer, delivered in seamless Mandarin. Then a pre-recorded song is played, its lyrics projected onto a screen in Chinese characters and pinyin – no musical instruments are allowed here – followed by a reading of the day’s Bible passage to be studied. There is no preacher at this service, only Li as moderator. Each week the same videos are watched, the same passages read, the same questions asked, the same answers given.Most attendees are Kenyan, but there are also East Asians and North Americans. Everything takes place in Chinese. It is the last meeting of the day, after several in English and Swahili.

- chinese in Kenya

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/weekend/2015-01/24/content_19395138.htm After completing his studies in 2012, Wang got a job with Tongya Automobile andenthusiastically chose to come to Kenya as its sales agent.
• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-07/11/content_26034874.htm While growing up in a low income suburb northwest of the Kenyan capital Nairobi, MohammedKimani never dreamt that he would one day become an accomplished entrepreneur with a largefootprint in his native country and China. While in high school, Kimani did manual work to raise tuition fees and the trend continued whenhe joined college to study information technology. The self made businessman who founded Amana Export Company after graduating from a mid-level college in Nairobi is an embodiment of courage and resilience in the face of adversity. Now in his early 30s, Kimani has witnessed the growth of a medium scale enterprise into a profitchurning behemoth that has a large presence in Kenya and China. During a recent interview, Kimani said that a visit to China in 2012 paved the way for the rapidgrowth of his startup that is not only involved in import and export business but also facilitatesinteraction between Kenyan and Chinese entrepreneurs.
• 肯尼亞當局控告三名在當地一條主要鐵路工作的中國公司員工，指他們捲入詐騙案後，試圖賄賂反貪官員影響調查。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20181127/00180_016.html
• 肯尼亞警方2月29日解救了一名被綁架的中國公民，擊斃4名綁匪。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/03/02/a18-0302.pdf

hong kong
- 香港鐘表業總會前副主席徐珊雯（Elise）啱啱去完東非國家肯尼亞考察，發現有唔錯嘅機會，因為當地接近八成人口年齡不足三十五歲，且電子商貿及科技好發達，已經有一班消費能力高嘅人，所以好適宜港商去開拓小商品生意。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180707/00176_096.html
- hk people in kenya

• 90後5千蚊非洲租豪宅http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180226/00269_002.html