- eGovernment
- http://www.economist.com/news/international/21605923-national-identity-scheme-goes-global-estonia-takes-plunge
- https://www.ft.com/content/874359dc-925b-11e7-a9e6-11d2f0ebb7f0 Estonia suffered an embarrassing blow to its much-vaunted ID cards that underpin everything from electronic voting to online banking, just days before hosting a big EU exercise on cyber warfare. International scientists have informed Estonian officials that they have found a security risk that affects almost 750,000 ID cards and that would enable a hacker to steal a person’s identity.
Narva (Russian: Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.People settled in the area from the 5th to 4th millennium BC, as witnessed by the archeological traces of the Narva culture, named after the city.[1] The fortified settlement at Narva Joaoru is the oldest known in Estonia, dated to around 1000 BC.[2] The earliest written reference of Narva is in the First Novgorod Chronicle, which in the year 1172 describes a district in Novgorod called Nerevsky or Narovsky konets (yard). According to historians, this name derives from the name of Narva or Narva River and indicates that a frequently used trade route went through Narva, although there is no evidence of the existence of a trading settlement at the time.
- https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/nervous-in-narva-a-town-caught-between-east-and-west-1.2958030
- economist "to russophones with love" 12may18
Association/Institution
- ict
- estonian electronics industries association www.estonianelectronics.eu
- estonian association of information technology and telecommunications www.itl.ee
- estonian information technology society www.eits.ee
- estonian ict demo center www.e-estonia.com/ict-demo-center
- Fashion
- estonian clothing and textile association www.textile.ee
- Trash to trend http://www.trashtotrend.com/
company
- A. Le Coq (Estonian pronunciation: [aˑleˈkokː]) is an Estonian brewery. The company was founded by Albert Le Coq in London in 1807, using a brewery in Tartu that was founded in 1826. The company was bought[1] in 1997 and is currently owned by Finnish company Olvi. It produces many different types of drinks including beers, long drinks, ciders and soft drinks.
Industry
- shale
Topics of interest
- estonia earned quite a lot from receiving overflight charges, cathay too has to pay (source: chan nam lok)
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_2542000/2542093.stm 1994: Hundreds feared dead in ferry disaster
A car and passenger ferry, MS Estonia, has sunk in the Baltic Sea with 950 people on board.
- A. Le Coq (Estonian pronunciation: [aˑleˈkokː]) is an Estonian brewery. The company was founded by Albert Le Coq in London in 1807, using a brewery in Tartu that was founded in 1826. The company was bought[1] in 1997 and is currently owned by Finnish company Olvi. It produces many different types of drinks including beers, long drinks, ciders and soft drinks.
- Von Le Coq was convinced that the influence of Ancient Greece could be found as far in the east as China. However, organising expeditions to Central Asia and China was beyond his means. The German archaeologist Hermann Parzinger has found a letter in the Prussian State Archive which reveals that the financial backing to von Le Coq’s expedition came from no one else than the last German emperor Wilhelm II. Wilhelm was obsessed with Greek culture and supported one of the expeditions with 32,000 German gold marks. Von Le Coq was associated with the Museum für Völkerkunde (now called the Ethnological Museum of Berlin) in Berlin. Serving as assistant to the head of the Museum, Professor Albert Grünwedel, Le Coq helped plan and organize expeditions into the regions of western Asia, specifically areas near the Silk Road such as Gaochang. When Grünwedel fell ill before the departure of the second expedition, Le Coq was assigned to lead it. His account of the second and third German Turpan expeditions was published in English in 1928 as Buried Treasures of Chinese Turkestan.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-daimler-taxis-taxify/daimler-leads-175-million-investment-in-ubers-emea-rival-taxify-idUSKCN1IV0BA Estonia’s Taxify is set to step up its fight against global rival Uber [UBER.UL] across Europe and Africa after raising $175 million in funding from a group led by German automaker Daimler (DAIGn.DE).
- appledaily 17jun18 渾水article
Industry
- shale
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/778da826-fd66-11e4-9e96-00144feabdc0.html Now companies in Estonia, which for decades has relied on kerogen shale for the bulk of its energy needs, are seeking to persuade the world they have the keys to unlocking this energy source in new, clean and efficient ways.
Topics of interest
- estonia earned quite a lot from receiving overflight charges, cathay too has to pay (source: chan nam lok)
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_2542000/2542093.stm 1994: Hundreds feared dead in ferry disaster
A car and passenger ferry, MS Estonia, has sunk in the Baltic Sea with 950 people on board.
The Estline ferry was sailing from Estonia to Sweden in bad weather and heavy seas when it sent a distress signal saying it was listing heavily.
People
- new PM Taavi Rõivas
language
- Võro (Võro: võro kiil' [ˈvɤro kʲiːlʲ], Estonian: võru keel)[2][3] is a language[4][5] belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.[6] Traditionally, it has been considered a dialect of the South Estonian dialect group of the Estonian language, but nowadays it has its own literary language[7] and is in search of official recognition as an autochthonous regional language of Estonia.[8][9] Võro has roughly 75,000[1] speakers (Võros) mostly in southeastern Estonia, in the eight parishes of the historical Võru County: Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä and Vahtsõliina.
Ethnic group
- http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/10/setomaa-culture-estonia-russia-photographs/ Setos, an indigenous ethnic minority of just a few thousand people from Setomaa, a small region nestled between southeastern Estonia and northwestern Russia.The greatest threat today is a border between Russia and Estonia—traditionally more of a suggestion than a demarcation—that divides the Setos. The border shifted multiple times over the 20th century—a span that saw two world wars, the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, and the early stirrings of a European Union. But by the mid-1990s, Estonia was relishing its post-Soviet independence. And the border—though still not ratified to this day—was becoming an enforced one, dividing Setomaa’s Russian and Estonian sides. Yet it was also dividing the Setos from one another, cleaving their crop fields, churches, and cemeteries.
history
- Estonia as a unified political entity first emerged after the Russian February Revolution of 1917. With the collapse of the Russian Empire in World War I, Russia's Provisional Government granted national autonomy to a unified Estonia in April. The Governorate of Estonia in the north (corresponding to the historic Danish Estonia) was united with the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia. Elections for a provisional parliament, Maapäev, was organized, with the Menshevik and Bolshevik factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party obtaining a part of the vote. On 5 November 1917, two days before the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg, Estonian Bolshevik leader Jaan Anvelt violently usurped power from the legally constituted Maapäev in a coup d'état, forcing the Maapäev underground. In February, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the German Empire, mainland Estonia was occupied by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. Between the Russian Red Army's retreat and the arrival of advancing German troops, the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence[29] in Pärnu on 23 February 1918.After the collapse of the short-lived puppet government of the United Baltic Duchy and the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, an Estonian Provisional Government retook office. A military invasion by the Red Army followed a few days later, however, marking the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). The Estonian army cleared the entire territory of Estonia of the Red Army by February 1919. On 5–7 April 1919 the Estonian Constituent Assembly was elected.On 2 February 1920, the Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR. The terms of the treaty stated that Russia renounced in perpetuity all rights to the territory of Estonia. The first Constitution of Estonia was adopted on 15 June 1920. The Republic of Estonia obtained international recognition and became a member of the League of Nations in 1921.
Russia
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1decfbac-be8a-11e4-a341-00144feab7de.html Estonia has been one of the most vocal countries warning about the dangers posed by Vladimir Putin’s newly bellicose Russia. So it is surprising that a party with formal ties to Mr Putin’s United Russia is within reach of victory in Sunday’s general election. Estonia’s Centre party, led by Edgar Savisaar, has narrowly led most recent opinion polls, which show the current pro-EU, pro-Nato government parties — Reform and the Social Democrats — trailing close behind. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c86c7786-c0a3-11e4-9949-00144feab7de.html Estonia’s pro-Nato prime minister is set to retain power after beating a party with ties to Russian president Vladimir Putin in an election dominated by Russia and the economy. Taavi Rõivas, at 35 the youngest prime minister in the EU and leader of the centre-right Reform party, will be given first shot at forming a government, a task made more complicated after the number of parties in Estonia’s parliament rose from four to six.
language
- Võro (Võro: võro kiil' [ˈvɤro kʲiːlʲ], Estonian: võru keel)[2][3] is a language[4][5] belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.[6] Traditionally, it has been considered a dialect of the South Estonian dialect group of the Estonian language, but nowadays it has its own literary language[7] and is in search of official recognition as an autochthonous regional language of Estonia.[8][9] Võro has roughly 75,000[1] speakers (Võros) mostly in southeastern Estonia, in the eight parishes of the historical Võru County: Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä and Vahtsõliina.
- https://www.quora.com/Are-Estonian-and-V%C3%B5ro-mutually-intelligible
Ethnic group
- http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/10/setomaa-culture-estonia-russia-photographs/ Setos, an indigenous ethnic minority of just a few thousand people from Setomaa, a small region nestled between southeastern Estonia and northwestern Russia.The greatest threat today is a border between Russia and Estonia—traditionally more of a suggestion than a demarcation—that divides the Setos. The border shifted multiple times over the 20th century—a span that saw two world wars, the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, and the early stirrings of a European Union. But by the mid-1990s, Estonia was relishing its post-Soviet independence. And the border—though still not ratified to this day—was becoming an enforced one, dividing Setomaa’s Russian and Estonian sides. Yet it was also dividing the Setos from one another, cleaving their crop fields, churches, and cemeteries.
history
- Estonia as a unified political entity first emerged after the Russian February Revolution of 1917. With the collapse of the Russian Empire in World War I, Russia's Provisional Government granted national autonomy to a unified Estonia in April. The Governorate of Estonia in the north (corresponding to the historic Danish Estonia) was united with the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia. Elections for a provisional parliament, Maapäev, was organized, with the Menshevik and Bolshevik factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party obtaining a part of the vote. On 5 November 1917, two days before the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg, Estonian Bolshevik leader Jaan Anvelt violently usurped power from the legally constituted Maapäev in a coup d'état, forcing the Maapäev underground. In February, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the German Empire, mainland Estonia was occupied by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. Between the Russian Red Army's retreat and the arrival of advancing German troops, the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence[29] in Pärnu on 23 February 1918.After the collapse of the short-lived puppet government of the United Baltic Duchy and the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, an Estonian Provisional Government retook office. A military invasion by the Red Army followed a few days later, however, marking the beginning of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). The Estonian army cleared the entire territory of Estonia of the Red Army by February 1919. On 5–7 April 1919 the Estonian Constituent Assembly was elected.On 2 February 1920, the Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR. The terms of the treaty stated that Russia renounced in perpetuity all rights to the territory of Estonia. The first Constitution of Estonia was adopted on 15 June 1920. The Republic of Estonia obtained international recognition and became a member of the League of Nations in 1921.
Russia
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1decfbac-be8a-11e4-a341-00144feab7de.html Estonia has been one of the most vocal countries warning about the dangers posed by Vladimir Putin’s newly bellicose Russia. So it is surprising that a party with formal ties to Mr Putin’s United Russia is within reach of victory in Sunday’s general election. Estonia’s Centre party, led by Edgar Savisaar, has narrowly led most recent opinion polls, which show the current pro-EU, pro-Nato government parties — Reform and the Social Democrats — trailing close behind. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c86c7786-c0a3-11e4-9949-00144feab7de.html Estonia’s pro-Nato prime minister is set to retain power after beating a party with ties to Russian president Vladimir Putin in an election dominated by Russia and the economy. Taavi Rõivas, at 35 the youngest prime minister in the EU and leader of the centre-right Reform party, will be given first shot at forming a government, a task made more complicated after the number of parties in Estonia’s parliament rose from four to six.
Uk
- https://next.ft.com/content/be26fbd2-5005-11e6-88c5-db83e98a590a Cyber threats prompt Estonia to set up UK data centre
Sweden
- in 1561, sweden acquired the teutonic order's possessions in current northern estonia, which formed the bulk of the province of estland.
- during first half of 17th century, sweden conquered most of livland from poland-lithuania (1629 truce of altmark) and the island of saaremaa from denmark (1645 treaty of bromsebro).
- swedish overseas provinces estland and livland were incorporated on the basis of 1710 capitulations, which guaranteed the preservation of lutheran religion, autonomous institutions and legal system, and the leadingbposition of german elites.
Denmark
- since 14th century, king of denmark sold his possessions in northern estonia to the livonian branch of teutonic order, which was the leading player in the confederation of small stares that formed the livonian confederation known as livland.
Poland
- in 1561, dynastic state union of poland- lithuania acquired the territories in current southern estonia and northern latvia, which formed the province of livland.
australia
- 澳洲外長畢曉普上周宣布，即將在愛沙尼亞首都塔林開設第一間「短期大使館」（pop-up embassy），大使今年只會出使當地工作兩個月，其餘時間大使館將以虛擬形式存在。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180312/00180_008.html
china
- official visit
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2018-09/25/content_36971160.htm Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid recently wrapped up her first-ever visit to China and has been particularly interested in the country's rapid development over the years as she is a trained economist.
- e-commerce
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171129/PDF/a9_screen.pdf“16+1”领导人当地时间27日在匈牙利会晤后，中国商务部与爱沙尼亚签署电商合作备忘录。 根据该备忘录，双方将在中国─爱沙尼亚双边经贸混委会框架内建立电子商务合作机制，加强政策沟通，鼓励两国企业通过电子商务推广各自的优质特色产品，并积极支持专业人员培训、分享最佳实践和创新经验等方面的电子商务合作，提高中国与爱沙尼亚的经贸合作水平。
Hong kong
- financial
- 由兩名愛沙尼亞人創辦的TransferWise，專營網上滙款，標榜比銀行收費低廉、更短時間內到款，7月來港開展業務，行政總裁Kristo Kaarmann（圖）表示，正向金管局申請儲值支付工具（SVF）牌照，並接入轉數快（FPS）系統，最終目的連結各地FPS，全球無阻即時滙款。https://hk.finance.appledaily.com/finance/daily/article/20181029/20533375
- 陳家保, so called singer hkej 20mar17 c4
- IVE生訪愛沙尼亞 體驗智慧城市http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/12/15/a25-1215.pdf
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