croatia

nobles
- The Jelačić family (English and German: Jellacic or Jellachich) is an old Croatian noble family, remarkable during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe in the Kingdom of Croatia and Hungary and in the later Austro-Hungarian Empire. Notable members of this family were senior military officers, bans (viceroys) of Croatia or other state officials.The first mention of the Jelačić family name appeared in the 14th century in what is today central Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the 16th century members of family lived in the central Croatian historical region of Banovina, between the rivers of Una and Kupa. In 1550 historical sources mention Mihajlo Jelačić, who lived in Topusko, and in 1551 Marko Jelačić, whose children Ivan, Juraj, Nikola, Petar, Gabrijel and Ana. It gained nobility status with coat of arms in 1579 for their merits in battles against the Ottomans. Due to Ottoman expansion, the Jelačićs retreated from the Una river area and settled in Turopolje, Hrvatsko Zagorje and Lika. They produced military commanders that fought in many battles against the Ottomans. Janko Jelačić was a comrade of Hungarian-Croatian general Nikola Šubić Zrinski and fell in 1566 in the famous Battle of Szigetvár. During the 17th and 18th century the family spread and divided into more branches. The family produced many military commanders, among which the best known were Baron Franjo Jelačić (1746–1810), a Field Marshal in Habsburg Monarchy army service, and his son Josip (1801–1859), a Ban of Croatia. The former was known for his participation in the Napoleonic wars, while the latter took part in the military campaigns during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. For his merits, Josip Jelačić was given the title "Count".

government
- Matica hrvatska (Latin: Matrix Croatica) is the oldest independent, non-profit and non-governmental Croatian national institution. It was founded on February 2, 1842 by the Croatian Count Janko Drašković and other prominent members of the Illyrian movement during the Croatian National Revival (1835–1874). Its main goals are to promote Croatian national and cultural identity in the fields of art, science, spiritual creativity, economy and public life as well as to care for social development of Croatia.
- The Croatian State Archives (Croatian: Hrvatski državni arhiv) are the national archives of Croatia located in its capital, Zagreb. The history of the state archives can be traced back to the 17th century. There are also regional state archives located in Bjelovar, Dubrovnik, Gospić, Karlovac, Osijek, Pazin, Rijeka, Sisak, Slavonski Brod, Split, Varaždin and Zadar.The Croatian State Archives trace their origin to a 1643 decision of the Croatian Sabor in which the Kingdom's treasurer (blagajnik) Ivan Zakmardi is instructed to create an inventory of all the laws, charters and other documents. This was followed by the comission to construct a special chest at the Kingdom's expense which would house the most important documents in the aforementioned inventory. The chest only had symbolic meaning, since it could only house a negligble amount of documentation and was located on the grounds of the Bishopric of Zagreb. The number of laws and regulation were subsequently passed in relation to archiving documents. The Croatian Parliament named Ladislaus Kiraly as the first archivist of the kingdom in 1744, transferring the chest and the rest of the documentation to the Saint Mark's square in 1763.

• http://www.arhiv.hr/Search-the-records/The-reading-rooms

- The Cravat Regiment (Croatian: Kravat pukovnija) is a guard of honour based in Zagreb, Croatia. Beginning in 2010, the regiment has regularly performed a march in the Upper Town of Zagreb which culminates in a changing of the guard at St Mark's Square. The regiment wears uniforms that are replicas of those worn by the military forces called the Croats which fought during the Thirty Years' War.

格拉代茨 Gradec (Croatian pronunciation: [grǎdet͡s]), Grič (Croatian pronunciation: [grîːtʃ], Hungarian: Gréc, Latin: Mons Graecensis prope Zagrabiam) or Gornji Grad (meaning "Upper Town", cf. Donji grad, "Lower Town") is a part of Zagreb, Croatia, and together with Kaptol it is the medieval nucleus of the city. It is situated on the hill of Grič. Today this neighbourhood forms part of the Gornji Grad-Medveščak district.Gradec was given a royal charter by King Béla IV in 1242. The royal charter, also called the Golden Bull, was a very important document by which Gradec was declared and proclaimed "a free royal city on Gradec, the hill of Zagreb". This act made Gradec a feudal holding responsible directly to the king. The citizens were given rights of different kinds; among other things they were entitled to elect their own city magistrate (Croatian: gradski sudac) fulfilling the role of mayor. They were also entitled to manage their own affairs.
- gradec is also name of towns in various central and eastern european countries

Knin (pronounced [knîːn]) is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as the capital of both the medieval Kingdom of Croatia and, briefly, of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina from 1991 to 1995.The name is likely derived from the IllyrianNinia.^[2] According to an alternative explanation, offered by Franc Miklošič and Petar Skok, the name - derived from a Slavic root *tьn- ("to cut", "to chop") - has a meaning of "cleared forest".^[3] The medieval names of Knin include Hungarian: Tinin; Italian: Tenin; Latin: Tinum. The Latin name is still used as a titular episcopal see, the Diocese of Tinum.

Korčula (Croatian: [kɔ̂ːrtʃula] ( listen) is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea.According to legend, the island was founded by Trojan hero Antenor in the 12th century BC.Melaina Korkyra (Greek: Μέλαινα Κόρκυρα, "Black Corcyra") was the ancient Cnidian Greek colony founded on Korčula. Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island. Greek artifacts, including carved marble tombstones can be found at the local Korčula town museum. A stone inscription found in Lumbarda (Lumbarda Psephisma) and which is the oldest written stone monument in Croatia, records that Greek settlers from Issa (Vis) founded another colony on the island in the 3rd century BC. The two communities lived peacefully until the Illyrian Wars (220 BC to 219 BC)  with the Romans. The island became part of the Roman province of Illyricum. In the 12th century Korčula was conquered by a Venetian nobleman, Pepone Zorzi, and incorporated briefly into the Venetian Republic. Around this time, the local Korčula rulers began to exercise diplomacy and legislate a town charter to secure the independence of the island, particularly with regard to internal affairs, given its powerful neighbors. In 1221, Pope Honorius III gave the island to the Princes of Krka (the Šubićs). During the 13th century the hereditary Counts of Korčula were loosely governed in turn by the Hungarian crown and by the Republic of Genoa, and also enjoyed a brief period of independence; but, in 1255, Marsilio Zorzi conquered the island's city and razed or damaged some of its churches in the process, forcing the Counts to return to Venetian supreme rule. What is more definite is that the Republic of Genoa defeated Venice in the documented Battle of Curzola  off the coast of Korčula in 1298 and a galley commander, Marco Polo, was taken prisoner by the victors to eventually spend his time in a Genoese prison writing of his travels. However, some Italian scholars believe that he may have been captured in a minor clash near Ayas.

Nin (Italian: Nona, Latin: Aenona or Nona) is a town in the Zadar County of Croatia, population 1,132, total municipality population 2,744 (2011). Nin was historically important as a centre of a medieval Christian Bishopric. Up to the abolition and Latinization imposed by King Tomislav in the first half of the 10th century, Nin was the centre of the autonomous Croatian branch of the Church. Nin was also the seat of the Princes of Dalmatia. The Bishop Gregory of Nin (Grgur Ninski) was an important figure in the 10th century ecclesiastical politics of Dalmatia.
- Gregory of Nin (Croatian: Grgur Ninski pronounced [ɡr̩̂ɡuːr nîːnskiː]; Latin: Gregorius Ninnius) was a medieval Croatian bishop of Nin who strongly opposed the Pope and official circles of the Church^{[further explanation needed]} and introduced the national language in the religious services after the Great Assembly in 926, according to traditional Croatian historiography. Until that time, services were held only in Latin (being under the jurisdiction of Roman influence before the Great Schism), not being understandable to a majority of the population. Not only was this important for Croatian language and culture, but it also made Christianity stronger within the Croatian kingdom.

Pula or Pola (Croatian pronunciation: [pǔːla]; Italian and Istro-Romanian: Pola; Latin: Colonia Pietas Iulia Pola Pollentia Herculanea; Slovene and Chakavian: Pulj, German: Polei, Ancient Greek: Πόλαι, Polae) is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia.  It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters, and its beautiful sea. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It has also been Istria's administrative centre since ancient Roman times.In classical antiquity, it was inhabited by the Histri, a Venetic or Illyrian tribe recorded by Strabo in the 1st century AD The Istrian peninsula was conquered by the Romans in 177 BC, starting a period of Romanization. The town was elevated to colonial rank between 46–45 BC as the tenth region of the late Roman Republic, under Julius Caesar.From 788 on Pola was ruled by the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne, with the introduction of the feudal system. Under the Franks it was part of the Kingdom of Italy. Pola became the seat of the elective counts of Istria until 1077. The town was taken in 1148 by the Venetians and in 1150 Pola swore allegiance to the Republic of Venice, thus becoming a Venetian possession. For centuries thereafter, the city's fate and fortunes were tied to those of Venetian power. It was conquered by the Pisans in 1192 but soon reconquered by the Venetians. In 1238 Pope Gregory IX formed an alliance between Genoa and Venice against the Empire, and consequently against Pisa too. As Pola had sided with the Pisans, the city was sacked by the Venetians in 1243. It was destroyed again in 1267 and again in 1397 when the Genoese defeated the Venetians in a naval battle. Pola then slowly went into decline. This decay was accelerated by the infighting of local families: the ancient Roman Sergi family and the Ionotasi (1258–1271) and the clash between Venice and Genoa for the control of the city and its harbour (late 13th and 14th centuries). In 1291, by the Peace of Treviso, Patriarch Raimondo della Torre gained the city as part of the secular realm of the Patriarchate of Aquileia, only to lose it to Venice in 1331, which then held it until its downfall in 1797. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Pola and the whole of Istria – except the territory of Castua Kastav – went to Italy. Pola became the capital of the Province of Pola. The decline in population after World War I was mainly due to economic difficulties caused by the withdrawal of Austro-Hungarian military and bureaucratic facilities and the dismissal of workers from the shipyard.^[21] Under the Italian Fascist government of Benito Mussolini, non-Italians, especially Croatian residents who came to Pola under Austro-Hungarian rule, faced stringent political and cultural repression because they had now to integrate themselves into the Kingdom of Italy and learn the Italian language. Many left the city and went back to the newly created Jugoslavija, where their homes were. After the collapse of Fascist Italy in 1943, the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht and remained a base for U-boats. Consequently, the city was subjected to repeated Allied bombing from 1942–1944. In the last phase of the war, Pola saw the arrest, deportation and execution of people suspected of aiding the partisans who together with the Jugoslav communists killed many soldiers and civilians.

Split (Croatian pronunciation: [splît] ( listen); see other names) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia, with about 200,000 people living in its urban area. Home to Diocletian's Palace, built for the Roman emperor in 305 CE, the city was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. It became a prominent settlement around 650 CE when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona. After the Sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by the Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city, to later gradually drift into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and the King of Hungaryfor control over the Dalmatian cities.Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1797, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire, becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809. After being occupied in 1813, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire following the Congress of Vienna, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. In World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Socialist Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991, Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence. Vukovar (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋûkoʋaːr]; Serbian Cyrillic: Вуковар^{[Note 1]}) is a city in eastern Croatia. It has Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka River and the Danube. 
- The name Vukovar (Serbian Cyrillic: Вуковар) means 'town on the Vuka River' (Vuko from the Vuka River, and vár from the Hungarian word for 'fortress'). The name of the Vuka River itself originates from the Slavic word 'vuk', meaning 'wolf'. In other languages, the city in German is known as Wukowar and in Hungarian as Vukovár or Valkóvár. In the late 17th century, the medieval Croatian name Vukovo was supplanted by the Hungarian Vukovár.
- Slavic tribes settled in this area in the 6th century. In the 9th century the region was part of the Slavic Balaton Principality ruled by prince Pribina, part of the Principality of Pannonian Croatia ruled by prince Ljudevit, and part of the Bulgarian Empire. In the 11th–12th century, the region was part of theKingdom of Croatia; from the 13th to 16th century part of the Kingdom of Hungary; and between 1526-1687 under Turkish domination. Vukovar was mentioned first in the 13th century as Volko, Walk, Wolkov (original Croatian/Slavic name of the town was Vukovo). In 1231, Vukovo obtained its first privileges and later the right to levy taxes on passages along the Danube and the Vuka. During administration of the medievalKingdom of Hungary, the town was a seat of the Valkó (Croatian: Vuka) county, which was located between the Drava and Sava rivers, while during Ottoman administration it was part of the Sanjak of Syrmia. 
- Since the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, Vukovar was part of the Habsburg Monarchy, Slavonia (Transleithania after the compromise of 1867), and soon after in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, created when the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Kingdom of Croatia were merged in 1868. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Vukovar was the seat of the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In 1918, Vukovar became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia in 1929). Between 1918 and 1922, Vukovar was administrative seat of Syrmia (Srijem) county, and between 1922 and 1929 it was the administrative seat of Syrmia oblast. In 1920, the formative congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was organized in the town. After 1929, Vukovar was part of the Sava Banovina, and beginning in 1939 it was part of the Banovina of Croatia. Between 1941 and 1944, Vukovar was part of the Independent State of Croatia. During World War II the city was bombed by the Allies. In 2008 an unexploded bomb was found in the city from this period. From 1945, it was part of the People's Republic of Croatia within new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and in the wake of communism gaining popularity throughout Europe, Vukovar became the location where in 1920 the Socialist Labor Party of Yugoslavia (Communists) (Socijalistička radnička partija Jugoslavije - komunista) was renamed the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (Komunistička partija Jugoslavije).

 溫科夫齊 Vinkovci (pronounced [ʋîːŋkoːʋtsi]) is a city in Slavonia, in the Vukovar-Srijem County in eastern Croatia. In the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 35,312,^[2] making it the largest town of the county. Surrounded by many large villages, it is a local transport hub, particularly because of its railways.The name Vinkovci is supposed to come from the common Croatian personal name Vinko. It was called Cibalae in antiquity. There are several proposed etymologies for Cibalae. Those who advocate that Illyrian was a satem language generally advocate that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *ghebhel (head), in the sense "hill". Those who advocate the theory that Illyrian was a centum language generally advocate that it comes from Proto-Indo-European words *kjey (house) and *bel (strong), so that it means "strong house".
- The area around Vinkovci (German: Winkowitz, Hungarian: Vinkovce, Latin: Colonia Aurelia Cibalae, Ancient Greek: Κιβέλαι Kibelae) has been continually inhabited since the Neolithic period. It was made a municipium (the Roman name for town or city) under Hadrian and gained the status of Colonia Aurelia Cibalae during the reign of emperor Caracalla.^[4][5] It was the birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens. The Roman thermal bath is still preserved underground, along with several other Roman buildings located near the center of today's Vinkovci.^[6] The 4th century Battle of Cibalae, between the armies of Constantine the Great and Licinius, was fought nearby.
- ******An unbelievable discovery occurred in eastern Croatia, in Stari Jankovci, near Vinkovci. Archaeologists found the remains of a two-wheeled chariot and two horses harnessed.

An amazing discovery was in a large funeral chamber, 40 meters in diameter and one meter high. According to specialists, this extraordinary burial was certainly founded by a rich Roman family and was part of the custom of the inhabitants of ancient Pannonia. Preliminary analysis of the metal and inventory suggests that the tomb is dated to the 3rd century CE.

Zadar (Croatian: [zâdar] ( listen); see other names) is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. The area of present-day Zadar traces its earliest evidence of human life from the late Stone Age, while numerous settlements have been dated as early as the Neolithic. Before the Illyrians, the area was inhabited by an ancient Mediterranean people of a pre-Indo-European culture. Zadar traces its origin to its 9th-century BC founding as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians known as Iader. In 59 BC it was renamed Iadera when it became a Roman municipium, and in 48 BC, a Roman colonia. It was during the Roman rule that Zadar acquired the characteristics of a traditional Ancient Roman city with a regular road network, a public square (forum), and an elevated capitolium with a temple. After the fall of the Western Roman Empirein 476 and the destruction of Salona by the Avars and Croats in 614, Zadar became the capital of the Byzantine theme of Dalmatia. In the beginning of the 9th century, Zadar came under short Frankishrule, and was returned to the Byzantines by the Pax Nicephori in 812. The first Croatian rulers gained control over the city in 10th century. In 1202, Zadar was conquered and burnedby the Republic of Venice, which was helped by the Crusaders. Croats again regained control over the city in 1358, when it was given to the Croatian-Hungarian king Louis I. In 1409, king Ladislaus I sold Zadar to the Venetians. When the Turks conquered the Zadar hinterland at the beginning of the 16th century, the town became an important stronghold, ensuring Venetian trade in the Adriatic, the administrative center of the Venetian territories in Dalmatia and a cultural center. After the fall of Venice in 1797, Zadar came under the Austrian rule until 1918, except for the period of short-term French rule (1805–1813), still remaining the capital of Dalmatia. With the 1920 Treaty of Rapallo Zadar was given to the Kingdom of Italy. During World War II, it was heavily destroyed by the Allies and witnessed the evacuation of ethnic Italians. After liberation on 1 November 1944, it was ceded to Croatia, at the time federal constituent of the SFR Yugoslavia, whose armed forces defended it in October 1991 from the Serb forces who aimed to capture it.

association
-  Croatian Chamber of Economy (Croatian: Hrvatska gospodarska komora, abbreviation HGK), is a professional association of businesspeople in Croatia, and the oldest institution of its kind on the Croatian territory. It originates from the Chamber of Trades (trgovačko-obrtnička komora), which began operating on February 16, 1852 in Zagreb, on the basis of the imperial decree of March 18, 1850. During the 1920s the chamber was significantly modernized, growing into a strong and reputable institution on a European scale. In 1932 it was divided into Trade-Industrial and Handicraft Chamber, and in 1938 the Chamber of Commerce and the Chamber of Industry were created separately. Apart from a few years in the postwar period, those chambers operated as separate branches until 1962, when the unified Croatian Chamber of Economy was founded.
- The Ustasha – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Croatian: Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret), commonly known as Ustashe(pronounced [ûstaʃe], Croatian: Ustaše), was a Croatian fascist, racist,^[2] ultranationalist and terrorist organization,^[3] active, in its original form, between 1929 and 1945. Its members murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews,^[4] and Roma as well as political dissidents in Yugoslavia during World War II. The ideology of the movement was a blend of fascism, Roman Catholicism and Croatian nationalism.^[5] The Ustaše supported the creation of a Greater Croatia that would span the Drina River and extend to the border of Belgrade.^[8] The movement emphasized the need for a racially "pure" Croatia and promoted genocide against Serbs, Jews and Romani people, and persecution of anti-fascist or dissident Croats and Bosniaks. The Ustaše viewed the Bosniaks as "Muslim Croats," and as a result, Bosniaks were not persecuted on the basis of race.

• headquartered in turin until 1941 and in zagreb until 1945
• hkej 23aug18 shum article

- non-profit institution Academia Cravatica marks a long history of Croata's corporate effort to support culture, art, heritage and science. It was founded in 1997


Company
- Agrokor (Croatian pronunciation: [âɡrokoːr]) is a conglomerate, largely centered in agribusiness, with headquarters in Zagreb, Croatia. Founded in 1976 as a flower grower, it became a joint stock company in 1989, with 100 percent ownership held by founder Ivica Todorić. It greatly expanded its operations in the following 25 years by acquiring a number of large companies in Croatia and Southeast Europe.   Within Agrokor, whose primary activity is production and distribution of food and beverages and retail trade, among others, there are also the largest Croatian producer of mineral and spring water Jamnica, ice cream company Ledo, oil, margarine and mayonnaise production company Zvijezda, the largest Croatian meat production company PIK Vrbovec, agricultural-industrial company Belje, the largest Croatian retailer Konzum, and the largest Croatian retail newsstand chain Tisak.

• Ivica Todorić was born in 1951. His mother Ivana was a teacher from Kloštar Ivanić. His father, Ante Todorić, was a prominent figure in the agricultural area of Socialist Republic of Croatia: he was the chief engineer and director of Božjakovina farm in Dugo Selo, where Todorić grew up. He went to school in Zagreb, where he also graduated from the Faculty of Economics.^[2] He went to school with former prime minister Nikica Valentić.

- beer

• Ožujsko (fully Ožujsko pivo; lit. March Beer), also known and marketed as Žuja,^[1] is a Croatian brand of lager beer (5%). It is the flagship brand produced by Zagrebačka pivovara, the biggest brewery in the country which is a part of Molson Coors Brewing Company since 2013. It was named after the month of March (Croatian: ožujak), when traditionally the best beer is made.   Ožujsko beer is one of the oldest brands with uninterrupted continuity of production in Croatia. It was first produced in 1892.

- bimaco trgovina

• Participated in 2016 hktdc baby product fair

- newspaper

• Die Agramer Zeitung war eine deutschsprachige Tageszeitung mit Redaktionssitz in Zagreb (dt. Agram) in Kroatien (in Österreich-Ungarn). Sie erschien erstmals 1830, damals noch als "Agramer politische Zeitung", und gilt als die erste in Kroatien redigierte und gedruckte moderne Zeitung. 1849 änderte sie ihren Namen auf "Agramer Zeitung"; von den Zagrebern erhielt sie den Kosenamen "Agramerica" ("Agramerin"). Beilage der Agramer Zeitung war von 1830 bis 1858 die zunächst selbständig erscheinende Literaturzeitschrift "Luna". Diese enthält gelegentlich Beiträge in der kroatischen Dialektform Kajkavisch. Die Zielgruppe der Agramer Zeitung war die deutschsprachige Oberschicht der Städte, darunter die zugewanderte jüdische Intelligenz sowie die Offiziere der Militärgrenze. 1912 wurde sie nach 82 Jahren eingestellt und erscheint seitdem nicht mehr.

people
-  Matija Gubec (Croatian pronunciation: [mǎtija gǔːbets], Hungarian: Gubecz Máté) (c. 1548 – 15 February 1573),^[1] with his real name Ambroz Gubec (or Gobec),^[2] was a Croatian revolutionary, best known as the leader of the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1573.^[3] He was part of the court of three people that governed the rebels.

•  While Matija Gubec's cause was defeated, his legacy continued to be preserved in local folklore throughout the centuries. In the 20th century, the Croatian Peasant Party, and later Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans, embraced his cause as their own.^[9] During World War II, a Croatian and Slovenian brigade were named after him.^[7] He is also depicted as the protagonist of Gubec-beg (1975), the first Croatian rock opera.^[10] A museum of Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt led by him is founded in Oršić Castle in Gornja Stubica, near the place of his last battle. In 2008, a total of 362 streets in Croatia were named after Matija Gubec, making him the most common person eponym of streets in the country.

-  Franjo Tuđman (Croatian pronunciation: [frǎːɲo tûd͡ʑman] ( listen); 14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999) was a Croatian politician and historian. Following the country's independence from Yugoslavia he became the first President of Croatia and served as president from 1990 until his death in 1999. He was the 9th and last President of the Presidency of SR Croatia from May to July 1990.

• hkej 5dec17 shum article

- catholic

• Blessed Augustin Kažotić (1260 – 3 August 1323) was a Dalmatian-Croatian Roman Catholic prelate and professed member from the Order of Preachers who served as the Bishop of Lucera from 1322 until his death.^[1][2] Kažotić was a humanist and orator who had served first as the Bishop of Zagreb from 1303 until 1322. Kažotić studied in Paris before returning to his homeland where he began working in the missions and preaching in modern Bosnia. He was one of the first humanist figures to appear in southern Croatia. His reputation for personal holiness remained noted long after his death; this resulted in Pope Innocent XII confirming the late bishop's beatification in 1700.

• legend of him digging a well which miraculously produced water during a drought of early 14th century - note that the name of zagreb (city) has been derived from either the verb zagrabiti or zagrebati, meaning to scoop or to dig.

political party
- The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica or HDZ) is a conservative political party and the main centre-right political party in Croatia. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croatia, along with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). It is currently the largest party in the Sabor with 59 seats. HDZ ruled Croatia from 1990 to 2000 and, in coalition with junior partners, from 2003 to 2011 and since 2016. The party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP).

state mobilization contention
- (1) 2001-3: EU accession; regulating and downsizing; on 11 feb 2001 some 100,000 protested the investigation of former general Mirko Norac for war crimes in 1991, on 12 feb 2001, Nearly 100,000 war veterans and nationalist supporters of the late President Franjo Tudjman's HDZ party gathered for a rally in the town of Split  (2) 2011-15: against use of cyrillic alphabet in vukovar, 2014 occupation of public square in savska street (where ministry of veterans is located). protest lasted 555 days, brought HDZ back to power

bridge
- https://www.ft.com/content/a189405e-9b65-11e8-9702-5946bae86e6d
Bosnia’s maritime status hangs on 20km of Adriatic shore. It is the one of the world’s shortest national coastlines — and a source of deep frustration for locals and tourists in Croatia, which all but envelops its smaller neighbour. Travellers between Dubrovnik, in Croatia’s split-off section of southern territory, and the rest of the country face four border checkpoints as they cross into Bosnia before leaving again. It is a burdensome anomaly for locals, businesses and tourists. For decades, Croatia has aspired to unite its territory by building a bridge to circumvent that slim strip of Bosnian land, a desire that has taken on urgency as the country seeks to join Europe’s Schengen passport-free travel zone before it takes on the EU presidency in 2020.


festival
- Čvarakfest je takmičenje u spravljanju (topljenju) čvaraka koje je prvi put organizovano 6. XII. 2009. godine u baranjskom etnoselu Karancu, a u sklopu Zimskog vašara u Karancu.

• http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/26/c_136779522.htm

theatre
- at the end of 18thc, german troupes came to zagreb, performing at harmica and in the inns, and occasionally in the upper town noble's palaces.

food
- Čvarci (singular Čvarak) (Serbian Cyrillic: Чварци / Чварак)^{[pronunciation?]} is a specialty popular in Balkan cuisine, a variant of pork rinds. They are a kind of pork 'crisps', with fat thermally extracted from the lard. Čvarci are mostly a rustic countryside specialty, common to Serbian cuisine, Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine and continental Croatian cuisine, though they can also be found in some other countries of Southeastern Europe. They are usually homemade, with industrial production not as pronounced. In larger cities they can be obtained on farmer markets or in supermarkets.

language
- croats have their own scriot called glagolithic originating from 9th c and was in regular (together with latin script) until 18th c

croatian (language)
- gornji grad - upper town
- donji grad - lower town
- kumica - rural women involved in agricultural activities that supply zagreb citizens with seasonal organic vegetables and free range dairy products.
- purgerian - old zagreb

jesuits
- came in 17th c and built the baroque church of st catherine
- from 1607, jesuits in their gymnasium began to perform plays continously in latin, and later in kajkavian dialect

history
- andautonia fortification

• urban settlement disappeared during the great migration in europe when the croats arrived in the area.  The remaining andautonia tribe members were pushed away to the village vlaska ves and subsequently renamed vlasi.

- 斯拉沃尼亚 Slavonia (/sləˈvoʊniə/; Croatian: Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Virovitica-Podravina and Vukovar-Srijem, although the territory of the counties includes Baranya, and the definition of the western extent of Slavonia as a region varies. The name Slavonia originated in the Early Middle Ages. The area was named after the Slavs who settled there and called themselves *Slověne. The root *Slověn- appeared in various dialects of languages spoken by people inhabiting the area west of the Sutla river, as well as between the Sava and Drava rivers—South Slavsliving in the area of the former Illyricum. The area bounded by those rivers was called *Slověnьje in the Proto-Slavic language. The word subsequently evolved to its various present forms in the Slavic languages, and other languages adopted the term.Remnants of several Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultures were found in all regions of Croatia,^[3] but most of the sites are found in the river valleys of northern Croatia, including Slavonia. The most significant cultures whose presence was found include the Starčevo culture whose finds were discovered near Slavonski Brod and dated to 6100–5200 BC,^[4]Vučedol and Baden cultures.^[5][6] Most finds attributed to the Baden and Vučedol cultures are discovered in the area around Vukovar, extending to Osijek and Vinkovci. The Baden culture sites in Slavonia are dated to 3600–3300 BC,^[7] and Vučedol culture finds are dated to 3000–2500 BC.^[8] The Iron Age left traces of the early Illyrian Hallstatt culture and the Celtic La Tène culture.^[9] Much later, the region was settled by Illyrians and other tribes, including the Pannonians, who controlled much of present-day Slavonia. Even though archaeological finds of Illyrian settlements are much sparser than in areas closer to the Adriatic Sea, significant discoveries, for instance in Kaptol near Požega have been made.^[10]The Pannonians first came into contact with the Roman Republic in 35 BC, when the Romans conquered Segestica, or modern-day Sisak. The conquest was completed in 11 BC, when the Roman province of Illyricum was established, encompassing modern-day Slavonia as well as a vast territory on the right bank of Danube. The province was renamed Pannonia and divided within two decades.

• Eslavonia in spanish

- The Republic of Ragusa (Croatian: Dubrovačka Republika) was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin; Raguse in French) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. It had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls.^[2] Its Latin motto was "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro", which means "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".Originally named Communitas Ragusina (Latin for "Ragusan municipality" or "community"), in the 14th century it was renamed Respublica Ragusina (Latin for Ragusan Republic), first mentioned in 1385.^[4] (It was nevertheless a Republic under its previous name, although its Rector was appointed by Venice rather than by Ragusa's own Major Council. In Italian it is called Repubblica di Ragusa; in Croatian it is called Dubrovačka republika (Croatian pronunciation: [dǔbroʋat͡ʃkaː repǔblika]). The Croatian name Dubrovnik is derived from the word dubrava, an oak grove;^[5] by a folk etymology, the Turks changed this into Dobro-Venedik, meaning "Good-Venice". It came into use alongside Ragusa as early as the 14th century.^[6] The Latin, Italian and Dalmatian name Ragusa derives its name from Lausa (from the Greek ξαυ: xau, "precipice"); it was later altered to Rausium, Rhagusium, Ragusium or Rausia (even Lavusa, Labusa, Raugia and Rachusa) and finally into Ragusa. The official change of name from Ragusa to Dubrovnik came into effect after World War I. It is known in historiography as the Republic of Ragusa.拉古薩共和國（拉丁語：Respublica Ragusina、義大利語：Repubblica di Ragusa、克羅埃西亞語：Dubrovačka Republika）是1358年到1808年之間，以拉古薩（現在的克羅埃西亞杜布羅夫尼克）為中心所存在的國家。在15至16世紀時受奧圖曼帝國的保護，國力達到高峰，是當時亞德里亞海唯一能與威尼斯匹敵的城邦。1808年，因拿破崙的入侵而滅亡。國家格言是Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro（自由勝過黃金）。

• 他們 每年向奧斯曼帝國繳納二千金幣用來換取自 治的權力，而因為這個商港太富裕，自由的 「價格」 最後提升到每年一萬二千金幣，相 當於四十二公斤黃金！而既然自由是可以買 賣的，那麼 「賣家」 自然也可以隨時不予出 售。1808年，拿破侖的法蘭西第一帝國盛極 一時，法國元帥廢除了共和國，並首先將其 併入拿破侖控制下的意大利王國，不久之後 ，又重新規劃了行政區域，杜布羅夫尼克被 納入法國控制的伊利里亞省。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190920/PDF/a32_screen.pdf
• https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-of-the-lesser-known-nations-that-had-overseas-colonies Ragusans were famous merchants and navigators, and their mercantile aristocratic republic relied heavily on trade. At one point in history they had one of the largest trading fleets in Europe and embassies in many European cities.Dubrovnik had once the distinction of the largest cities in Europe. In the 15th century when Florence and London had populations of 10,000 and 50,000 respectively, Dubrovnik sized about 40,000 inhabitants.Republic of Ragusa built one of the first sewage systems in 1296, which is still operational today.Dubrovnik had the third oldest pharmacy in Europe, it is, however, the oldest one still operational.Dubrovnik established the first quarantine in 1377.It was the first European country to declare slavery and transport of slaves illegal in 1416.Ragusa was also, one of the first countries to recognize US independence.
• *******india

• Ragusans established a trading colony in India, in Goa in 1530 or 1535. They built this church in 1563.Sao Braz colony, which boasted a population of around 12,000, was a thriving colony until the 1570s when trade between the Croatians and Indians declined. As the trade slowed down settlers started to move on from the area.The last straw was the great earthquake of 1667 which destroyed Dubrovnik and its prosperity. After the earthquake it no longer had the financial or military power to trade with India or establish any presence here.https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-of-the-lesser-known-nations-that-had-overseas-colonies

- maritime republic of dubrovnik (15th and 16th c)

• as opposed to slavic hinterland, the republic is highlighted as a crossroads and melting pot of wetern/latin and eastern/slavic cultures. 

-  The Triune Kingdom (Croatian: Trojedna kraljevina) or Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia (Croatian: Trojedna Kraljevina Hrvatska, Slavonija i Dalmacija) was the concept—advocated by the leaders of the 19th-century Croatian national revival—of a united kingdom between Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, which were already within the Austrian Empire under one king, who was also the Emperor of Austria, but were politically and administratively separate entities. This concept had roots in the high medieval period. After 1867, Croatia and Slavonia were within the Hungarian half of Austria-Hungary and were eventually united in 1868 as the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, where the name Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia became official. However, Dalmatia, being located in the Austrian half, still remained separate. Until the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, several Croatian political parties and groups sought recognition of the Triune Kingdom and the incorporation of Dalmatia into Croatia-Slavonia. The Croatian intelligentsia,  especially lawyers and historians, played a key role in interpreting historical sources so as to legitimize the demand for the Triune Kingdom.
- 冷戰期間，南斯拉夫在鐵托領導下成為中型強國，而鐵托是克羅地亞人，但依然有反對鐵托的克羅地亞民族主義者在海外成立流亡政府，並發行郵票。流亡政府在英國、西班牙、阿根廷等都有支部，並分別在這些地方印刷郵票，當然是以宣傳作用為主，但影響力頗為有限。到了克羅地亞脫離南斯拉夫獨立，流亡政府就與新政府合併了。https://www.facebook.com/SimonStamps/photos/a.526169824439948.1073741915.393581457698786/766218570435071/
- The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (Croatian: Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna) was an unrecognised geopolitical entity and proto-state in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was proclaimed on 18 November 1991 under the name Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia (Croatian: Hrvatska Zajednica Herceg-Bosna) as a "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole" in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In its proclaimed borders Herzeg-Bosnia encompassed about 30% of the country, but did not have effective control over the entire territory as parts of it were lost to the Army of Republika Srpska at the beginning of the Bosnian War. The armed forces of Herzeg-Bosnia, the Croatian Defence Council (HVO), initially fought in an alliance with the Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), but their relations deteriorated throughout late 1992. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared Herzeg-Bosnia unconstitutional on 14 September 1992. In early 1993 the Croat–Bosniak War escalated in central Bosnia and spread to Herzegovina.
On 28 August 1993 Herzeg-Bosnia was declared a republic following the proposal of the Owen-Stoltenberg Plan, envisioning Bosnia and Herzegovina as a union of three republics. Its capital city was Mostar, which was then a war zone, and the effective control centre was in Grude. In March 1994 the Washington Agreement was signed that ended the conflict between Croats and Bosniaks. Under the agreement, Herzeg-Bosnia was to be joined into the Croat–Bosniak federation, but it continued to exist until it was formally abolished in 1996.

• hkej 5dec17 shum article

usa
- republic of dubrovnik was the first state to recognise the independence of usa

france
- french mines started by french count henri carion

• In 1872 he bought the castle of the counts of orsic in gornja bistrica, where he began searching for silver. Today it has been transformed into a museum complex

China
- leaders visit

• 當地時間4月10日上午，中國國務院總理李克強在薩格勒布總理府同克羅地亞總理普連科維奇舉行會談。李克強表示，願加強「一帶一路」倡議同克方發展戰略對接，擴大雙邊貿易規模，提升雙向投資水平。中方願同克方共同努力，辦好第八次「16+1」領導人會晤。此前在抵達克羅地亞時，李克強亦表示，中方期待同16國一道，將「16+1合作」打造成「一帶一路」倡議與亞歐互聯互通戰略對接的重要平台。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190411/PDF/a4_screen.pdf

- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/12/30/a27-1230.pdf  not interested in joining obor
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180716/PDF/a6_screen.pdf 中國與克羅地亞首次警務聯合巡邏15日在克羅地亞南部旅遊城市杜布羅夫尼克正式啟動。
- wind energy

• https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/home/rolling/72309.htm A Chinese-invested wind farm project near Croatia's Adriatic coastal city Senj officially kicked off on Tuesday. The 156MW Senj wind farm project is operated by Energija Projekt d.d., a company specially set up to run the project in 2011. China's Norinco International Co. Ltd. signed an equity purchase agreement with Energija Projekt on Nov. 27, 2017. According to the agreement, Norinco acquired 76 percent of the Croatian company's equity with around 32 million euros (about 36 million U.S. dollars), while the total investment in the project could reach 179 million euros.