Saturday, January 19, 2019

Russia

Republic of altai
- https://www.rbth.com/travel/2014/14/11/askat_art_village_in_the_altai_mountains

阿穆爾河畔共青城 Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, tr. Komsomolsk-na-Amure, IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East.The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of Mongol Empireunder the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun ceded the area to the Russian Empire. The village of Permskoye (Пе́рмское) was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now Perm Krai.The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932.[citation needed] The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the Communist youth organization Komsomol, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area.[13] The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.[citation needed]By the end of the 1930s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding. At present, Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner. The MiG-15bis  and the Lisunov Li-2[16] were both manufactured in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Arkhangelsk Oblast The area of Arkhangelsk Oblast has been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples since prehistoric times, and most of the toponyms in the region are in fact Finno-Ugric. It was subsequently colonized by the Novgorod Republic. Kargopol was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1146, Shenkursk was mentioned in 1315, and Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. By the 13th century the Novgorodian merchants had already reached the White Sea, attracted to the area for fur trading. The Novgorodians penetrated the area using the waterways, and this is why most of the ancient (as well as the modern) settlements were located into the main river valleys.


********Blagoveshchensk (Russian: Благовещенск, IPA: [bləgɐˈvʲeɕːɪnsk], lit. the city of the Annunciation) is a city and the administrative center of Amur Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Amur and Zeya Rivers, opposite to the Chinese city of Heihe. The Amur has formed Russia's border with China since the 1858 Aigun Treaty and 1860 Treaty of Peking. The area north of the Amur belonged to the Manchu Qing dynasty by the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689, until it was ceded to Russia by Aigun Treaty in 1858.The early residents of both sides of the Amur in the region of today's Blagoveshchensk were the Daurs and Duchers. An early settlement in the area of today's Blagoveshchensk was the Ducher town whose name was reported by the Russian explorer Yerofey Khabarov as Aytyun in 1652; it has been identified with what is currently known to the archaeologists as the Grodekovo site, after the nearby village of Grodekovo.
- In the course of the Boxer Rebellion, the Qing Imperial army (made out of Manchus and Han Chinese) and Boxer insurgents shelled the city in July 1900. Chinese Honghuzi forces joined the attack against Blagoveshchensk. According to the Orthodox belief, the city was allegedly saved by a miraculous icon of Our Lady of Albazin, which was prayed to continuously during the shelling which lasted almost two weeks.
- 中國與俄羅斯合作，在經濟的層面上，除能源和農產品貿易外，還有一個重要的區域合作範疇，就是中國的東北亞與俄羅斯的遠東地區。中俄合作的跨境通道，包括同江至下列寧斯闊耶鐵路橋，使中俄鐵路連成一體。此外，還有黑河至布拉戈維申斯克（清朝稱海蘭泡）的黑龍江公路大橋也快將通車，以及已協議的東寧瑚布圖河公路界河橋等，黑龍江到俄境的交通便大為改善。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20190105/00184_001.html


buryatia
- The Buryats (Buryat: Буряад, Buryaad; Mongolian: Буриад/ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ/Buriad), numbering approximately 500,000, are the largest indigenous group in Siberia, mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia. They are the major northern subgroup of the Mongols. Buryats share many customs with other Mongols, including nomadic herding, and erecting gers for shelter. Today, the majority of Buryats live in and around Ulan-Ude, the capital of the republic, although many live more traditionally in the countryside. They speak a central Mongolic language called Buryat.
- Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory. The territory of Buryatia has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330-555), Mongol Empire (1206-1368) and Northern Yuan(1368-1691).[17] Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit,Bayads, Barga Mongols and Tümeds inhabited in Buryatia. Today Buryat-Mongols populate the territory of Buryatia. The area of the present-day Buryatia was first colonized in the 17th century by Russians in search of wealth, furs, and gold.
- diaspora
  • 跨越中俄蒙三國的族群——蒙 古族布里亞特部落在呼倫貝爾境 內聚居。20世紀 20年代，布里 亞特人從俄羅斯貝加爾湖畔陸續 遷入中國，並最終定居在呼倫貝 爾境內。如今，他們保留和傳承 着本部落的民族文化，過着獨具 特色的中國年。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/02/02/a07-0202.pdf
车里雅宾斯克州Chelyabinsk Oblast During the Middle Ages, Bashkir tribes inhabited the Southern Urals; they formed part of the Golden Horde, Nogai Horde, and smaller Bashkir unions. The Tsardom of Russia incorporated the area in the late 16th century. However, Russian colonization of the region only began in the 18th century, with the establishment of a system of fortresses and trade posts on the then-Russian border by the Orenburg Expedition [ru] in 1734. Many cities of Chelyabinsk Oblast, including the city of Chelyabinsk itself, trace their history back to those forts.1930年代，車里亞賓斯克州成為五年計劃重點區域，此地重要現代化事業，如，馬格尼托哥爾斯克鋼鐵事業、車里亞賓斯克托拉機場與車里亞賓斯克州冶金場，都在這個時期建立，自衛國戰爭以來，因為蘇聯東部產業西遷至烏拉爾地區，尤其是車里亞賓斯克州，這些地區的產業變得更加活絡，在戰爭期間，馬格尼托哥爾斯克生產了全蘇聯1/3的鋼鐵，車里亞賓斯克州成了蘇俄坦克生產重鎮，被稱為「坦克城(Tankograd)」。

楚科奇自治區  Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Чуко́тский автоно́мный о́круг, tr. Chukotsky avtonomny okrug, IPA: [tɕʊˈkotskʲɪj ɐftɐˈnomnɨj ˈokrʊk]; Chukot: Чукоткакэн автономныкэн округ, Chukotkaken avtonomnyken okrug, IPA: [tɕukotˈkaken aβtonomˈnəken ˈokɹuɣ]) or Chukotka (Чуко́тка) is a federal subject (an autonomous okrug) of Russia.Chukotka is home to Elgygytgyn Lake, an impact crater lake, and the village of Uelen, the easternmost settlement in Russia and the closest substantial settlement to the United States.Chukotka is primarily populated by ethnic Russians, Chukchis, and other indigenous peoples. It is the only autonomous okrug in Russia that is not included in, or subordinate to, another federal subject, having separated from Magadan Oblast in 1993.The first inhabitants were Paleo-Siberian hunters who came to Chukotka from Central and East Asia. The area was then part of the Beringia land bridge that is believed to have enabled human migration to the Americas. Traditionally Chukotka was the home of the native Chukchi people, Siberian Yupiks, Koryaks, Chuvans, Evens/Lamuts, Yukaghirs, and Russian Old Settlers.
- Chukotka remained mostly outside the control of the Russian Empire and consequently other foreign powers (American, British, Norwegian) began to hunt and trade in the area from about 1820 onwards. After the sale of Alaska to the United States, American whalers and traders especially extended their activities into Chukotka and foreign influence reached its peak. By 1880, the Russians reacted by setting up coastal patrols to stop American ships and confiscate their property. And in 1888, the administrative region of Anadyr was created. Yet Russian control diminished again and around 1900, a large stream of foreigners entered Chukotka, lured to the region by the Yukon gold rush in 1898. In 1909, in order to keep the region within Russian control, two districts were created within the Anadyr Region: the districts of Anadyr and Chukotka. The Russian government granted concessions to foreign companies such as the Hudson's Bay Company and the US Northeast Siberia Company, which was granted gold, iron, and graphite mining rights in the entire Chukotka between 1902 and 1912. Wrangel Island in particular was subject to claims by the United States and Canada. In 1916, the Russians officially claimed the uninhabited island. But in 1921, Canadian Vilhjalmur Stefansson made a serious attempt to claim it for Canada by populating it and building a small settlement. Another contingent arrived in 1923 but a year later, the Soviets permanently conquered the island, removing the remaining inhabitants, and thereby ending all foreign influence.


Derbent (Russian: Дербе́нт; Persian: دربند‎; Azerbaijani: Dərbənd; Lezgian: Кьвевар; Avar: Дербенд), formerly romanized as Derbend,[8] is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea, north of the Azerbaijani border.Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BCE.[11] Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan and Iranian kingdoms. In the 19th century, the city passed from Iranian into Russian hands by the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan.
    Mount Elbrus (Russian: Эльбру́с, tr. Elbrus, IPA: [ɪlʲˈbrus]; Karachay-Balkar: Минги тау, Miñi taw, IPA: [mɪˈŋːi taw]; Kabardian: Ӏуащхьэмахуэ, ’Wāśhamāxwa IPA: [ʔʷaːɕħamaːxʷa];[citation needed]) is the highest mountain in Europe, and the tenth most prominentpeak in the world.[6] A dormant volcano, Elbrus is in the Caucasus Mountains in Southern Russia, near the border with Georgia. Elbrus has two summits, both of which are dormant volcanic domes. The taller west summit is 5,642 metres (18,510 ft);[2] the east summit is 5,621 metres (18,442 ft). The east summit was first ascended on 10 July 1829 (Julian calendar) by Khillar Khachirov, and the west summit in 1874 by a British expedition led by F. Crauford Grove and including Frederick Gardner, Horace Walker, and the Swiss guide Peter Knubel of St. Niklaus. Khachirov's nationality is claimed both by Kabardians  and Karachay[9][10][11] and used by nationalists of both sides. He was a guide for an Imperial Russian army scientific expedition led by General Georgi Emmanuel.
    - https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-etymology-and-or-morphology-of-Kabardian-%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%89%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8D-Mount-Elbrus



    The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO; Russian: Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть, Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; Yiddish: ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט‎, yidishe avtonome Gegnt)[14] is a federal subject of Russia in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiangprovince in China.[15] Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. At its height in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked at around 46,000–50,000, around 25% of the entire population.Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two official Jewish territories in the world, the other being Israel.
    - JAO and its history have been portrayed in the award-winning documentary film, L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!.[66] The film tells the story of Stalin's creation of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and its partial settlement by thousands of Russian- and Yiddish-speaking Jews and was released in 2002. As well as relating the history of the creation of the proposed Jewish homeland, the film features scenes of life in contemporary Birobidzhan and interviews with Jewish residents.
    - 3世纪中国的历史学家陈寿在其著作中记载这一地区生活着挹娄人。5世纪挹娄改称勿吉，又改称靺鞨。7世纪靺鞨诸部形成渤海国，但黑龙江流域的黑水靺鞨部单独建国。11世纪契丹人的辽朝统治这一地区。12世纪靺鞨人的后代女真人在首领完颜阿骨打的带领下建立金朝。13世纪蒙古人的元朝控制这一地区。14世纪蒙古势力被驱逐，女真诸部落臣服于明朝。16世纪努尔哈赤统一女真诸部，其子多尔衮在1644年进入山海关，经过十几年的战争满洲人（努尔哈赤之子皇太极改女真为满洲）完全控制华北和华南，成为中国历史上最后一个世袭王朝——清朝。17世纪俄国开始侵略原属中国的黑龙江流域，经过数场战斗以后，于1689年中俄签订《尼布楚条约》，该地区归属清朝。19世纪鸦片战争后俄国再次入侵该地区，1858年《瑷珲条约》当中该地区被割让给俄国。斯大林考虑到苏联远东地区与中國历史上的关系，急需增加人口，1928年苏共中央执行委员会决定把黑龙江沿岸的一塊未开垦土地闢为犹太人迁入地。1929年在黑龙江的支流比罗河与比詹河之间，设立“比罗比詹民族地区”。犹太人被强制移送到这里，在此之前这里没有一个犹太人。

    加里寧格勒  Kaliningrad (Russian: Калининград; IPA: [kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) (former German name: Königsberg; Russian: Кёнигсберг, tr. Kyonigsberg; Old Prussian: Twangste, Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg; Polish: Królewiec; Lithuanian: Karaliaučius) is the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, it was the site of Old Prussian settlement Twangste. In 1255, during the Northern Crusades, a new fortress was built by the Teutonic Knights. The city became the capital of the Duchy of Prussia and East Prussia (part of Germany). It was heavily damaged during World War II and its population fled or was removed by force when it became a Russian city.
    - 现在的加里宁格勒曾经是普鲁士国王加冕的地方，是伊曼努尔·康德（Immanuel Kant）和汉娜·阿伦特（Hannah Arendt）的故乡。德国东普鲁士省曾经的辉煌，至今仍能从现代化的商业中心和赫鲁晓夫时期的低矮楼群中觅得踪迹。来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/lvyou/2017/10/14/659305
    - https://www.quora.com/Why-wasnt-East-Prussia-Kaliningrad-K%C3%B6nigsberg-returned-to-Germany-after-1990 Kaliningrad was in fact offered to Germany after the fall of communism, but the offer was turned down. Germany already had a major economic and social problem reintegrating the former East Germany, and adding Königsberg to the mix (with its Russian population) would have been extraordinarily difficult. So it never happened.It would be interesting to reflect on the future of Kaliningrad. It is a Russian exclave, surrounded by Nato. Its economy is not good. It has major social problems. In these circumstances the authorities are beginning to look more closely at the region’s German inheritance - it was in fact the birthplace of Prussia. Its university is now emphasising its Prussian history and has taken the name of its most famous former scholar and professor, the philosopher Immanuel Kant. I would not be hugely surprised if Kaliningrad were to rename itself and perhaps do so with reference to its Prussian history. But I don’t believe it will ever be returned to Germany. It might, however, be a bridge between Germany and Russia in the future.
    - https://www.quora.com/Should-Kaliningrad-East-Prussia-be-returned-to-Germany 
    哈卡斯共和國Khakassia
    - Abakan (Russian: Абака́н, IPA: [ɐbɐˈkan]; Khakas: Ағбан or Абахан) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia.Abakansky ostrog (Абаканский острог), also known as Abakansk (Абаканск), was built at the mouth of the Abakan River in 1675.[3] In the 1780s, the selo of Ust-Abakanskoye (Усть-Абаканское) was established in this area.[3] It was granted town status and given its current name on 30 April 1931.In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and Askiz. When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1941–1945, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era (206 BC–220 AD) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside of the borders of the Han Empire, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist L.A. Yevtyukhova surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BCE, and defected to them as a result.[16] While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by A.A. Kovalyov as the residence of Lu Fang (盧芳), a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.In the late 18th and during the 19th century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830–1831, and 1863 rebellions against Russian rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of camps was established where prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After Stalin's death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in.

    科洛姆納Mentioned for the first time in 1177, Kolomna[10] was founded in 1140–1160 according to the latest archaeological surveys.[11] Kolomna's name may originate from the Old Russian term for "on the bend (in the river)", especially as the old city is located on a sharp bend in the Moscow River. In 1301, Kolomna was incorporated into the Moscow Principality.Like some other ancient Russian cities, it has a kremlin, which is a citadel similar to the more famous one in Moscow and also built of red brick.[13] The stone Kolomna Kremlin was built from 1525–1531 under the Russian Tsar Vasily III. 
    - The civic arms of Kolomna were granted by Empress Catherine II, who was influenced by the similar-sounding name of the famous Colonna family of Rome. Hence, the similar appearance of the arms, despite there being no connection between the Roman family and the city of Kolomna. Due to sensitive military production of missile components, Kolomna was a closed city until 1994. It is still not listed as a city of the Golden Ring, despite its kremlin and the large number of well-preserved churches and monasteries.


    The Commander Islands or Komandorski Islands or Komandorskie Islands (Russian: Командо́рские острова́, Komandorskiye ostrova) are a group of treeless, sparsely-populated islands in the Bering Sea located about 175 kilometres (109 mi) east of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East.The Commander Islands are the westernmost of the Aleutian Islands, most of which are part of the US state of Alaska, and are separated from the closest US island, Attu Island, and the rest of the chain by 207 miles (333 km). Between the two runs the International Date Line. The only permanently inhabited locality is the village of Nikolskoye on the northwest end of Bering Island.1943年，美国海军与日本海军在该群岛水域相遇并引发激战，史称“科曼多尔群岛海战”。这也是二战中惟一一次在北极范围内极昼条件下进行的海战。
    - territorial dispute

    • Dos grupos más pequeños de islotes rocosos cerca de la isla Medny, Rocas del león de Mar (Сивучий Камень, Sivuchy Kamen) y Rocas de la nutria marina (Камни Бобровые, Kamni Bobrovyye), son considerados por algunas personas como territorio de los EE. UU. Sin embargo, el gobierno de los EE. UU. no hace ninguna reclamación de las islas, y las reconoce como territorio ruso.

    Krasnoyarsk Krai
    - Minusinsk marks the center of the Minusinsk Hollow, one of the most important archaeological areas north of Pazyryk. It is associated with the Afanasevo, Tashtyk, and Tagar cultures—all of them named after settlements in the vicinity of Minusinsk.  The Russian settlement of Minyusinskoye(Минюсинское) was founded in 1739-1740[11] at the confluence of the Minusa River with the Yenisei. The Turkic Min Usameans "my brook",[12] or "thousand rivers".[13] The name transformed to Minusinskoye (Минусинское) in 1810.

    昆古爾Kungur (Russian: Кунгу́р) is a town in the southeast of Perm Krai, Kungur was founded 17 kilometers (11 mi) above the Iren's mouth on the banks of the Kungurka in 1648.[citation needed] In 1662, it was burnt by Bashkirs. In 1663, it was rebuilt as a fortress on the place of the village of Mysovskoye. In the beginning of the 18th century, leather and footwear industries started to develop here, and in 1724, a tannery was built. By the mid-18th century, Kungur became one of the most populated areas in the Urals. In 1759, Perm administration of mining plants was moved to Kungur. By the end of the 18th century, Kungur is an important transit trade center of the Siberian road, as well as the center of leather manufacture in Perm Governorate. Kungur rope and linseed oil were widely known. In 1774, the town withstood a siege by Yemelyan Pugachev's Cossack forces. 
    - The town's original coat of arms became official according with the Highest Law of Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1737. Current coat of arms was adopted in 1994.
    - ***** One of the coldest underground caves in all of Russia - the Kungur Ice Cave, became accessible to tourists back in 1914. The place resembles the abode of the Snow Queen, from the Hans Chirstian Andersen tale of the same name. Situated near the cave is Kungur - an old trading town, founded in 1663.Travellers passing by would often try to explore the cave, with word quickly spreading across Russia. And for good reason. The cave is padded with ice thousands of years old and consists of 58 grottos, 70 tiny lakes and one massive one, measuring 1460 sq. meters and with a depth of five meters, which never freezes.https://www.rbth.com/travel/332364-5-must-see-underground-tourist-attractions

    Kursk (Russian: Курск, IPA: [ˈkursk]) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history. 
    - At the beginning of the 20th century Kursk played a dominant role in the food industry (Kvilitsu AK, one of the largest breweries in Russia, operated in Kursk) and in other industries as well; so, in the 1900s, appeared in the city 4 sitoproboynye shops (of which the largest was a workshop Tikhonov, products are sent to foreign markets - Germany, Austria-Hungary, etc.). Organized several engineering enterprises (in 1914 there were seven, including one - rail). Working conditions in the factories of Kursk were harsh and often resulted in strikes (for instance, from 1901-03 the workers at the sugar mill went on strike). Kursk workers participated in the general political strike during the 1905 Russian Revolution.On November 26 (December 9,) 1917 the Soviets took power. Kornilovites came to Kursk in September 20, 1919. On September 20, 1919, troops under the command of General Denikin entered the city. On November 19, 1919, the Red Army took Kursk. The Soviet government valued Kursk for rich deposits of iron ore and developed it into one of the major railroad hubs in the Russian southwest. In 1932 in the Kursk was included Yamskaya Sloboda. In 1935 a tram system began operating in the city. In 193?, the territory of the city of Kursk was divided into Leninsky District (left bank of the Kura), Dzerzhinsky District (right bank of the Kura) and Kirov District (Yamskaya Sloboda). In 1937 Stalinsky District was formed in the southern outskirts of the city. During World War II, Kursk was occupied by Germany between November 4, 1941 and February 8, 1943. In July 1943, the Germans launched Operation Citadel in an attempt to recapture Kursk. During the resulting Battle of Kursk, the village of Prokhorovka near Kursk became the center of a major armoured engagement – the Battle of Prokhorovka – between Soviet and German forces, which is widely considered to have been one of the largest tank battles in history. Operation Citadel was the last major German offensive against the Soviet Union. Rebuilding efforts in the city began in February 1944. The cultural life recovered as well: on 19 February the cinema reopened and on February 27 the drama theatre. In 1953 the tram system began operating. By 1950 the urban economy had been completely restored. On August 17, 1956, Stalinsky District was renamed Promishlenost District, and Dzerzhinsky District was abolished and its territory divided between Promishlenost and Leninsky Districts. In 2009, for the first time in 90 years at the site of Theotokos of Kursk, the most revered icon in the Russian Orthodox Church, received the name Hodigitria Russian diaspora.Until 2010, Kursk had the status of historical settlement, but the Russian Ministry of Culture deprived the city of this status on July 29, 2010 in resolution № 418/339. On October 28, 2011, for the first time in 30 years, the city opened a new firehouse for the protection of the Central District, with modern equipment. In 2012, Kursk celebrated its 980th anniversary.
    - any relation to kurds?? 

    moscow
    • mayor met CE http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201405/21/P201405210631.htm, http://www.mos.ru/en/press-center/themes/index.php?search_4=1691&view_mode_4=tag_search&view_module_4=anywhere&refer_id_4=29240&refer_module_4=news&openNews=29251
    • deputy mayor come to HK to promote, interested in partnering with mtr, henderson and k wah in infrastructure projects  inward FDI hket 3dec14 a16, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141208/PDF/a23_screen.pdf 莫斯科副市長胡斯努林於上周中來港招商透露，在鐵路建設上將參考港鐵（00066）等高效率的發展模式，改善目前當地交通擠塞的情況。另外，是次來港招商的地產項目為150萬平方米，會於未來兩個月招標，希望吸納最少30億美元資金。恒地（00012）、信和（00083）、嘉華、俊和（00711）及恒隆（00010）等都是莫斯科有意拉攏合作的對象，內地方面則有大連萬達及中鐵建（01186）等。
    • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-01/22/content_19379736.htm China plans to build the first high-speed rail link between Beijing and Moscow, the People'sGovernment of Beijing City said on Wednesday. The Government's press office posted on its Sina Weibo account, a Twitter-like microbloggingplatform, that the proposed cross-border high-speed rail would run for more than 7,000 km andspan three countries, China, Kazakhstan and Russia. About 1.5 trillion yuan ($242 billion) was expected to be invested into the new line that would cuttrain travel time from Beijing to Moscow to two days. Currently, the travel time is six days,according a The Beijing Times' report from October, 2014.The Beijing-Moscow high-speed rail project was proposed during Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's official visit to Russia in October, 2014. ,hket 23jan15 a17
    • http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-11/24/content_22513080.htm China Zhong Jin Yin Di City Development, a State-owned real estate company, is investing 10 billion yuan ($1.56 billion) in the Moscow property market, which it believes has huge potential and can deliver a high return on investment. The company signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Sistema JSFC, the largest conglomerate in Russia, earlier in the year, paving the way for its entry into the market. Both the companies will jointly bid for a 109-hectare land plot in central Moscow, with total investment expected to reach 2.5 billion yuan, according to Felix Evtushenkov, first vice-president of Sistema JSFC. "The project is a commercial complex consisting of residences, exhibition centers and commercial facilities and the same will be finished in 10 years," said Evtushenkov.
    • Historic hotels
    • Moscow counts five hotels that have been in operation for more than 100 years: the Metropol, the National, the Savoy, the Baltschug Kempinski and the Budapest. Foreign dignitaries and high-profile politicians usually stay at the first two: the Hotel National or the Metropol. During the course of the 20th century, these hotels were renamed, turned into residential facilities for Soviet officials and more than a few unwelcome tenants, used as Communist Party conference halls, wiretapped, renovated and then restyled to bring back the glamor and splendor of the olden days. While tumultuous historical events played out across the 20th century, the Hotel Metropol and the National occasionally served as the setting for a number of more curious occurrences.http://travel.rbth.com/travel/2016/12/03/moscows_historic_hotels_and_their_celebrated_guests
    - In 1935, Stalin approved a Master Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, which envisaged the construction on a massive scale of residential buildings, the metro, as well as the expansion of existing streets and the laying of new avenues. For example, on Tverskaya Street in the very center of the city, whole buildings even had to be moved! Whereas Kalininsky Avenue (now Novy Arbat) was laid in the early 1960s, already after Stalin’s death.https://www.rbth.com/history/332207-soviet-major-constructions


    Ryazan Governorate (Russian: Рязанская губерния, Ryazanskaya guberniya, Government of Ryazan) was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Russian Empire and Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed from 1796 to 1929(subsumed under moscow).
    - christianity

    • https://www.rbth.com/travel/326869-10-stunning-moscow-churches
     莫曼斯克 murmansk
    - Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War (Russian: Защитникам Советского Заполярья в годы Великой Отечественной войны), commonly called Alyosha (Russian: 'Алёша'; Alyosha is an affectionate diminutive form of the name Aleksey) is a monument in Murmansk, Russia to Soviet soldiers, sailors, and airmen of World War II (called, in Russia, the Great Patriotic War).
    - 綜合《莫斯科時報》、俄羅斯衛星通信社報道：位於北極圈內的俄羅斯摩爾曼斯克地區，一處有近萬人工作的大型建築工地暴發新冠肺炎聚集性感染，15日已有至少79人確診。為遏制疫情，俄羅斯緊急情況部向當地派出一架伊爾-76大型運輸機，直接將一座野戰醫院空運到位，包括發電機、消毒劑、醫療設備等物資。http://www.takungpao.com.hk/news/232111/2020/0416/437984.html

     涅瓦河 The Neva (Russian: Нева́, IPA: [nʲɪˈva]) is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. The area of the Neva river was originally inhabited by Finnic people. The word neva is widely spread in Finnic languages with similar meanings. In Finnish (neva) it means poor fen, in Karelian (neva) watercourse and in Estonian (nõva) waterway.It has also been argued that the name derives from the Indo-European adjective newā which means new. The river began to flow around 1350 BC. However, the place names of the area don't support any Indo-European influence in the area before Scandinavian traders and Slavs started to enter the region in the 8th Century CE.
    - 埃及橋的橋頭樹立着一尊巨大的鑄 鐵獅身人面像，獅子橋的兩端分別蹲着的兩尊 獅子，出自俄國古典主義大師之手。這獅子還 曾出現在普希金的長詩《青銅騎士》之中。以 橋身顏色得名的藍橋，寬近百米，是彼得堡最 寬的一條橋，享譽俄羅斯的伊薩基輔大教堂就 坐落在橋頭。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/12/18/a30-1218.pdf 

    Novosibirsk, founded in 1893 at the future site of a Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river of Ob, first was named Novonikolayevsk (Новониколаевск), in honor both of Saint Nicholas and of the reigning Tsar Nicholas II. It superseded nearby Krivoshchekovskaya village, which was founded in 1696. The bridge was completed in the spring of 1897, making the new settlement the regional transport hub. The importance of the city further increased with the completion of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway in the early 20th century. The new railway connected Novonikolayevsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea.During Joseph Stalin's industrialization effort, Novosibirsk secured its place as one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Several massive industrial facilities were created, including the 'Sibkombain' plant, specializing in the production of heavy mining equipment. Additionally a metal processing plant, a food processing plant and other industrial enterprises and factories were built, as well as a new power station. The Great Soviet Famine of 1932-1933 resulted in more than 170,000 rural refugees seeking food and safety in Novosibirsk. They were settled in barracks at the outskirts of the city, giving rise to slums such as Bolshaya Nakhalovka, Malaya Nakhalovka, and others. Its rapid growth and industrialization led to Novosibirsk being nicknamed the "Chicago of Siberia".
    - kiv concept of "new siberia" in this regard该城俄语原名中有两个主要构词成分：Ново-和сибир。ново-由новый变化而来，意为“新的”，“新”；сибир是Сибирь(西伯利亚)的省略。把它们捏在一起，正好是“新西伯利亚”之意。它还有第三个构词成分，即尾巴上的-ск，它对地名起了明确的指示、限制作用，说明此名代表的乃一城市，而非其他类别如“地区”之类的地理实体。所以确切的译名应该为“新西伯利亚城”。西伯利亚（俄语：Сиби?рь），“西伯利亚”这个名称，来自“西伯利亚汗国”。“西伯利亚”这个名称可能来自古突厥语，意思就是“宁静的土地”。 也有说法说是“鲜卑利亚”，来自鲜卑民族。 而在中国古地图上，西伯利亚被称为“罗荒野”。“西伯利亚”这个名称来自于蒙古语“西波尔（xabar）”，意为“泥土、泥泞的地方”。古时，西伯利亚就是一片泥泞的地方。住在这里的蒙古先民以地形为这个地方取了名字。当俄罗斯人来时，将此音译为“西伯利亚”。

    Primorsky Krai (Russian: Примо́рский край, tr. Primorsky kray, IPA: [prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The city of Vladivostok is the administrative center of the krai, as well as the largest city in the Russian Far East. 
    - Vostochny Port (Russian: Восто́чный порт) is an intermodal container port at the eastern end of the Trans-Siberian Railway.[1] It is the largest port in the Russian Far East.[citation needed] It is located in Vrangel (an eastern suburb of Nakhodka), Primorsky Krai. A deepwater port on Nakhodka Bay (part of the Sea of Japan), it operates year-round and is suitable for handling large tonnage ships. Vostochny is a warm-water port[2] in the Russian Far East.ボストチヌイ港 (Восточный порт) はナホトカ湾内東部にある港湾。ロシア連邦沿海地方のナホトカ市に属する。日ソ経済協力事業として1971年（昭和46年）より日本側の支援により建設されたロシアでも新しい港。1973年（昭和48年）には木材専用埠頭が、また1976年（昭和51年）にはコンテナ専用埠頭が完成し、供用を開始した。
    - 东方航天发射场   The Vostochny Cosmodrome (Russian: Космодром Восточный Kosmodrom Vostochny "Eastern Spaceport") is a Russian spaceport (still partly under construction) on the 51st parallel north in the Amur Oblast, in the Russian Far East. It is intended to reduce Russia's dependency on the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
    - hk




     梁赞 Ryazan (Russian: Рязань, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River 196 kilometers (122 mi) southeast of Moscow. It was previously known as Peryslavl-Ryazansky (until 1776).The area of Ryazan was settled by Slavic tribes around 6th century. It is argued that the Ryazan kremlin was founded in 800, by Slavic settlers,[citation needed] as a part of their drive into territory previously populated by Finnic peoples.[citation needed] Initially it was built of wood, gradually replaced by masonry. The oldest preserved part of the Kremlin dates back to the 12th century. However, the first written mention of the city, under the name of Pereslavl, dates to 1095. At that time, the city was part of the independent Principality of Ryazan, which had existed since 1078 and which was centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, Prince of Ryazan and Murom (cities of Kievan Rus'). The lands of Ryazan, situated on the border of forest and steppe, suffered numerous invasions from the south as well as from the north, carried out by a variety of military forces including Cumans, but particularly the Principality was in a conflict with Vladimir-Suzdal. By the end of the 12th century, the capital of Duchy was burnt several times by the armies of Suzdal. Ryazan was the first Russian city to be sacked by the Mongol horde of Batu Khan. On December 21, 1237, it was thoroughly devastated and never fully recovered. As result of the sack, the seat of the principality was moved about 55 kilometers (34 mi) to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries the name of Staraya Ryazan (Old Ryazan), close to Spassk-Ryazansky. In 1380, during the Battle of Kulikovo, the Grand Prince of Ryazan Oleg and his men came under a coalition of Mamai, a strongman of the Tatar Golden Horde, and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, against the armies under the command of the Grand Prince of Vladimir, Dmitry Donskoy. Late in the 13th century, the Princes of Ryazan moved their capital to Pereslavl, which is known as Ryazan from the 16th century (officially renamed in 1778). The principality was finally incorporated into that of Moscow in 1521.
    - notable people

    • Roman Igorevich Putin (Russian: Роман Игоревич Путин, born 10 November 1977) is a Russian businessman and president of the Russian Taekwondo Federation. Roman Putin's grandfather, Alexander, was the uncle of the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin.[1] Putin was born in Ryazan, Russia, in 1977.[2][3] Roman Putin graduated with honors from the Volsk branch of the Military Academy of Logistics in 2001, and then for two years worked as an FSB officer.Putin owns a large house in the village of Razdory. He is also an owner of a 44-acre estate in Napa and a villa in London.[14][15][16] In September 2015 Putin bought the luxury yacht Silverfast for $90 million during the Monaco Yacht Show.[17] Putin also owns a 38-acre island in the Bahamas where he bought for $75 million.



    st petersburg
    - Repino (Russian: Ре́пино) is an area of Saint Petersburg, Russia, and a station of the Saint Petersburg-Vyborg railroad. It was known by its Finnish name Kuokkala until 1948, when it was renamed after its most famous inhabitant, the painter Ilya Repin. The first mention of Kuokkala is in a peace treaty between the Republic of Novgorod and Sweden in 1323. The territory where the village is located was fought over between the Muscovites and Swedes in the 16th and 17th centuries and came under Russian control after the Great Northern War in early 18th Century. The village was inhabited by fishermen of Finnish and Russian ethnicities. The area developed further after 1870 when the railway linking St Petersburg and Helsinkipassed through the town. Wealthier residents of St Peterburg built holiday villas in the area and a new railway station was built in 1889. Kuokkala was located in the Grand Duchy of Finland, a self-governing part of the Russian Empire, which had a more liberal environment, attracting artists and intellectuals including the artist Ilya Repin. Lenin spent some time in Kuokkala during 1905 to 1907, staying at the Vasa Villa.Shortly after the October Revolution in 1917, Finland declared its independence from the Soviet Union and Kuokkala became part of the new independent nation while retaining a significant ethnic Russian population. There was a skirmish between White and Red Finns at Kuokkala during the Finnish Civil War on 28 April 1918. Kuokkala was taken over by the Soviets when the Karelian Isthmus was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union after the Winter War and the Continuation War (1939–1944). Kuokkala became a part of the Leningrad Oblast in 1948 and was renamed Repino in memory of the painter Ilya Repin.[5] After the war, the area was developed as a tourist area with several hotels and sanatoriums and was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city of St Petersburg as part of the Kurortny District
    - 圣彼得堡趣闻
    来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/wenhua/wenyi/2018/11/23/663877
    - https://www.rbth.com/travel/332191-most-beautiful-buildings-petersburg  Bratya Eliseyevy’ trade partnership building

    suifenhe
    • event http://silkroad.ccpit.org/ccpit/website/201402001/en/news_detail.jsp?id=F0F0D1CCA97AD899E040A8C048013331&sid=F1CDAF476B085CDDE040A8C048011052&curpager=1
    • 打造中俄邊貿橋頭堡 http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/05/20/a20-0520.pdf, http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/05/21/a23-0521.pdf
    • 俄免檢經綏芬河出口果蔬http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140827/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
    • 經中國人民銀行批准，黑龍江綏芬河盧布現鈔使用試點昨正式啟動。這將為中俄雙邊貿易營造一個健康有序的金融環境，推動中俄兩國經貿合作、人員往來的便利化。中國與俄羅斯近年經濟聯繫日益緊密，綏芬河市是對俄貿易的重要口岸，在當地開展盧布現鈔使用試點，是將已經存在的盧布現鈔使用加以規範，逐步將民間盧布現鈔兌換市場納入銀行體系，促進中俄經貿健康穩定發展。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/08/09/a11-0809.pdf


    Ekaterinburg

    • submit bid for hosting world expo in 2020 (https://www.facebook.com/Expo2020.Ekaterinburg, https://www.youtube.com/user/expo2020russia) lost to Dubai
    skolkovo

    • HKET 11jun14 a35
    Kaluga

    • http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21633814-some-russia-business-friendly-bright-spark?zid=307&ah=5e80419d1bc9821ebe173f4f0f060a07 ANATOLY ARTAMONOV, the energetic and resolute 62-year-old governor of Kaluga, knows what he wants: foreign investment, competition, an open relationship with Europe and America. And some of it he’s getting. While money gushes out of Russia as a whole, foreign direct investment in Kaluga, a region 150 kilometres south of Moscow, rose nearly 13% year-on-year in the first half of 2014.
    tuva
    • http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2016-08/29/content_26626868.htm throat singer
    •  Tannu-Tuva was used only in 1921-1926.The city of Kyzyl itself is very small with 114 thousand people. A memorial sign of the Center of Asia is installed on the waterfront. Kyzyl is the capital of the Republic of Tuva, the geographical center of Asia. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Biy-Khem (Big Yenisei) and Kaa-Khem (Small Yenisei). https://www.quora.com/Is-Russia-worried-that-Tannu-Tuva-will-declare-its-independence
    tyumen oblast
    -  秋明 Tyumen (/tjuːˈmɛn/ tew-MEN;[11][12] Russian: Тюмень, IPA: [tʲʉˈmʲenʲ] ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tura River 2,500 kilometers (1,600 mi) east of Moscow. Tyumen was the first Russian settlement in Siberia. Founded in 1586 to support Russia's eastward expansion, the city has remained one of the most important industrial and economic centers east of the Ural Mountains. Located at the junction of several important trade routes and with easy access to navigable waterways, Tyumen rapidly developed from a small military settlement to a large commercial and industrial city. The central part of Old Tyumen retains many historic buildings from throughout the city's history.Today Tyumen is an important business center. It is the transport hub and industrial center of Tyumen Oblast— an oil-rich region bordering Kazakhstan —as well as the home of many companies active in Russia's oil and gas industry.


    The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian:Республика Саха (Якутия), tr. Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya); IPA: [rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə sɐˈxa jɪˈkutʲɪjə]; Yakut: Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ,Saxa Öröspüübülükete, IPA: [saˈxa øɾøsˈpyːbylykete]) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). It has a population of 958,528 (2010 Census), consisting mainly of ethnic Yakuts and Russians.

    siberia
    - http://tsrus.cn/shehui/2018/11/04/663639
    - ????https://www.quora.com/How-Russian-colonization-of-Siberia-differs-from-Western-colonization

    The Solovetsky Islands (Russian: Солове́цкие острова́), or Solovki (Соловки́), are an archipelago located in the Onega Bay of the White Sea, Russia.The islands are renowned for hosting the Solovetsky Monastery, as well as being the site of the first gulag, the Solovki prison camp.Historically the islands have been the setting of the famous Russian Orthodox Solovetsky Monastery complex. It was founded in the second quarter of the 15th century by two monks from the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. By the end of the 16th century, the abbey had emerged as one of the wealthiest landowners and most influential religious centres in Russia.The existing stronghold and its major churches were erected in stone during the early reign of Ivan the Terribleat the behest of St. Philip of Moscow. At the onset of the Schism of the Russian Church, the monks staunchly stuck to the faith of their fathers and expelled the tsar's representatives from the Solovki, precipitating the eight-year-long siege of the islands by the forces of Tsar Alexis.Throughout the imperial period of Russian history, the monastery was renowned as a strong fortress which repelled foreign attacks during the Livonian War (16th century), Time of Troubles (17th century), the Crimean War(19th century), and the Russian Civil War (20th century).

    Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: Респу́блика Татарста́н, tr.Respublika Tatarstan; IPA: [rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan]; Tatar: Cyrillic Татарстан Республикасы,Latin Tatarstan Respublikası) is a federal subject (a republic) of the Russian Federation, located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan."Tatarstan" derives from the name of the ethnic group—the Tatars—and the Persian suffix -stan (meaning "place of" or "country", an ending common to many Eurasian countries). Another version of the Russian name is "Тата́рия" (Tatariya), which was official along with "Tatar ASSR" during the Soviet rule.
    - The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700–1238). The Volga Bulgarshad an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia, the Middle East and the Baltic, which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars, the Kievan Rus and the Cuman-Kipchaks. Islamwas introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of ibn Fadlan's journey in 922. Volga Bulgaria finally fell to the armies of the Mongol princeBatu Khan in the late 1230s (see Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.) The inhabitants, mixing with the Golden Horde's Kipchak-speaking people, became known as the "Volga Tatars." Another theory postulates that there were no ethnic changes in that period, and Bulgars simply switched to the Kipchak-based Tatar language. In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital having been established in Kazan, 170 km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. A large number of Tatars were killed and forcibly converted to Christianity and were culturally Russified. Cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine the Great. The first mosque to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766-1770.
    - In the 19th century Tatarstan became a center of Jadidism, an Islamic movement that preached tolerance of other religions. Under the influence of local Jadidist theologians, the Tatars were renowned for their friendly relations with other peoples of the Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolution religion was largely outlawed and all theologians were repressed.
    - During the Civil War of 1918–1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the Idel-Ural State). They were, however, put down by the Bolsheviks and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established on May 27, 1920. The boundaries of the republic did not include a majority of the Volga Tatars. The Tatar Union of the Godless were persecuted in Stalin's 1928 purges.
    - kazan
    •  A new architectural dominant of Tatarstan's capital city – the Marriage Registration Hall – appeared in the summer of 2013. Artist and sculptor Dash Namdakov designed the building in the form of a wok (kazan), and the locals immediately nicknamed it "cup." The first marriage was registered here on July 5, 2013. The Centre's three halls – Golden, Silver and Oriental (the design  combines Oriental and Classical styles) – may be venues for more than 100 marriage ceremonies a day.http://welcome2018.com/en/places/kazan/236303/
    • Based primarily in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia, the Kazan State Medical University (KSMU) is a federal university made up of nine faculties.
    • In 1804 Emperor Alexander I gave out his royal command to open a university in Kazan. In 1814 opens the faculty of Medicine in Kazan Emperor University. In 1837 Anatomical theater, the unique monument of the Russian classicism of 19th century, is built according to the appearance of Italian Anatomic theaters of Renaissance by M.P.Korinfskiyi with participation of Nikolai Lobachevsky - rector of the Kazan Emperor's University. In 1840 university clinic opened.In 1930, the Medical Faculty of Kazan State University reorganized into Kazan Medical Institute.On April 29, 1994, Kazan Medical Institute acquired the status of the Kazan State Medical University.
    •  University  acquired the status of federal university in 2010.The Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology is the core of the biomedical cluster of Kazan Federal University. It comprises a genome centre, a neurobiology laboratory, a bio bank, and centres for biomedical microscopy, pharmaceuticals and translational medicine.http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/56710
      - company

      - festival

      • https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/07/08/russia-celebrates-the-ancient-tatar-festival-of-sabantui-a66317 Sabantui is a summer festival celebrated by Russia’s Bashkir and Tatar ethnic minorities. Dating back to the 7th century, Sabantui — which translates to "plough's feast" in Turkic languages — began as a festival celebrated by rural farmers ahead of the sowing season.  As time went on, it evolved into a national festival for Tatars. The yearly event features distinctive sporting events, games, dancing and plenty of vibrant costumes. Today, it is seen as a symbol of Russia's republic of Tatarstan and is celebrated in cities across Russia, Europe and Asia that have major Tatar diasporas.
      乌里扬诺夫斯克  Ulyanovsk[a] is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo.[13] The fort of "Simbirsk" (alternatively "Sinbirsk") was strategically placed on a hill on the Western bank of the Volga River. The fort was meant to protect the eastern frontier of the Russian Empire from the nomadic tribes and to establish a permanent Imperial presence in the area.In 1668, Simbirsk withstood a month-long siege by a 20,000-strong army led by rebel Cossack commander Stenka Razin. Also in Simbirsk another country rebel, Yemelyan Pugachev, was imprisoned before execution. At the time Simbirsk possessed a wooden kremlin, which was destroyed by a fire during the 18th century. As the eastern border of the Russian Empire was rapidly pushed into Siberia, Simbirsk rapidly lost its strategic importance, but nonetheless began to develop into an important regional center. Simbirsk was granted city status in 1796.In the summer of 1864, Simbirsk was severely damaged by fire; however, it was quickly rebuilt and continued to grow. The Holy Trinity Cathedral was constructed in a restrained Neoclassical style between 1827 and 1841. The population of Simbirsk reached 26,000 by 1856 and 43,000 by 1897. In 1924, the city was renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of Vladimir Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, who was born in Simbirsk in 1870. Two other Russian political leaders, Alexander Kerensky and Alexander Protopopov, were also born in Simbirsk.
      - ******* 泛突厥主義理論家優素福·阿克楚拉都在这里出生。
      - people

      • Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (April 12, 1866 – May 20, 1887)[1] was a Russian revolutionary and political activist. He was the elder brother of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union.Ulyanov and his comrades conspired to assassinate Alexander III of Russia. On March 1, 1887, (Julian calendar) the day of the sixth anniversary of Alexander II's murder, three party members were arrested in the Nevsky Prospekt. Police suspected that when Alexander III visited church on the anniversary of his father's assassination, the plotters would throw bombs into the Emperor's carriage. Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother Vladimir Illich Ulyanov (Vladimir Lenin) to pursue the Russian revolutionary struggle ever more fervently. Upon hearing of Aleksandr's death, Vladimir allegedly said,[citation needed] "I'll make them pay for this! I swear it." Vladimir was already active in politics prior to his older brother's arrest. Vladimir admired his older brother; however, he was quite dismissive of his older brother's political attitude. He once remarked,[4] "Aleksandr will never be a revolutionist. On his last summer visit home he spent his time preparing a dissertation on Annelida and worked constantly with his microscope. A revolutionist cannot possibly devote so much time to the study of Annelida."A minor planet, 2112 Ulyanov, was discovered in 1972 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova and named after him.
      Ural (Russian: Ура́л) is a geographical region located around the Ural Mountains, between the East European and West Siberian plains. It is considered a part of Eurasian Steppe, extending approximately from the North to the South; from the Arctic Ocean to the end of Ural River near Orsk city. The border between Europe and Asia runs along the Eastern side of the Ural Mountains.[3] Ural mostly lies within Russia but also includes a small part of Northwestern Kazakhstan. This is a historical, not an official entity, with borders overlapping its Western Volga and Eastern Siberia neighboring regions. At some point in the past, parts of the currently existing Ural region were considered a gateway to Siberia, or even Siberia itself, and were combined with the Volga administrative the divisions. Today, there are two official namesake entities; the Ural Federal District and the Ural economic region. While the latter follows the historical borders, the former is a political product; the District omits Western Ural and includes Western Siberia instead.The historical center of the Ural is Cherdyn, nowadays it is a small town in Perm Krai. Perm was an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name by 1797. The most territory of historical and modern Ural was included in Perm Gubernia. The administrative center of Urals was moved to Sverdlovsk (nowadays Yekaterinburg) after Revolution and Civil war. Nowadays Ural economic region does not have an administrative and informal capital, whereas Yekaterinburg is the administrative center of the Ural Federal District.From the 11th century, the region of the Ural Mountains was called Kamyen’ (Камень, "the Stone") by Russians. In the mid-16th – early 17th century, the southern parts became known as Ural, which later spread to the entire area. The name probably originated from Turkic "aral". This word literally means "island" and was used for any territory different from the surrounding terrain. In Bashkortostan there is a 13th-century legend about a hero named Ural. He sacrificed his life for the sake of his people, and they poured a stone pile over his grave, which later turned into the Ural Mountains.
      - 烏拉爾斯克州 The Ural Oblast (Russian Empire) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day western Kazakhstan. It was created out of the territories of the former Kazakh khanate.


      Vladivostok
      • sez http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20140417000079&cid=1201, http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/728177
      • east russia economic forum
      • Attended by david dodwell http://china.timesofnews.com/rethinking-one-belt-one-road-though-doubts-linger/

      • Casino
      • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160117/00180_024.html 俄羅斯海參崴的「水晶虎宮」賭場去年十月開幕，三個多月來吸引大批亞洲賭客到訪，亦吸引不少俄國本地人入場耍樂。分析指賭場坐落地區預計會有八間賭場營業，或超越拉斯維加斯及澳門成全球知名新賭城。俄羅斯傳媒報道，遠東的濱海邊疆區首府海參崴正開發綜合娛樂區，大力發展賭博旅遊業，「水晶虎宮」便是區內最早建成的賭場，由何鴻燊之子何猷龍投資建設。英國廣播公司稱何猷龍投放了八億美元（約六十二億港元）在該區，堅信俄遠東將成亞洲賭博娛樂新中心。現時賭場近八成賭客是俄國人，但估計有八成收入是來自中國、日本和韓國賭客。該娛樂區已有另三間賭場興建中。亞洲遊客只需乘兩、三小時飛機便可抵俄遠東區域，大大提高來訪意欲。
      - china link

      • hkej 19sep17 shum article

      Zabaykalsky Krai (Russian: Забайкальский край, tr. Zabajkaljskij kraj, IPA: [zəbɐjˈkalʲskʲɪj kraj], lit. "(The) Transbaikal krai"; Buryat: Үбэр Байгалай хизаар, Über Baigalai khizaar; Mongolian: Өвөр Байгалын хязгаар, Över Baigalyn khyaegaar) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, the Krai is now part of the Russian Far East as of November 2018 in accordance with a decree issued by Russian President Vladimir Putin.[12] The administrative centerof the krai is located in the city of Chita.
      - **********chita 赤塔

      • Tchita in portuguese
      • Pyotr Beketov's Cossacks founded Chita in 1653. After 1825, several of the Decembrists suffered exile to Chita. According to George Kennan, "Among the exiles in Chita were some of the brightest, most cultivated, most sympathetic men and women that we had met in Eastern Siberia." When Richard Maack visited the city in 1855, he saw a wooden town, with one, also wooden, church. He estimated Chita's population at under 1,000, but predicted that the city would soon experience fast growth, due to the upcoming annexation of the Amur valley by Russia. By 1885, Chita's population had reached 5,728,[citation needed] and by 1897 it increased to 11,500. In 1945, Puyi, the last Emperor of China, and some of his associates were held prisoner in the city, in a former sanatorium for officers.
      • 建於1653年，1851年設鎮。由於是十二月黨人的流放地，故被稱為「流放者的城市」。他們的到來振興了文化事業，也促進了貿易，特別是木材、金和鈾。市内有后贝加尔国立大学，赤塔医学院等多所院校。1920至1922年間曾為遠東共和國首都。自1930年代到蘇聯解體, 一直是很多俄國人和外國人的禁區。有人認為赤塔是契丹的轉音。
      • note the flag design - three horizontal bars coming from a triangle



      State/region policy
      - The special status that Russia’s Tatarstan republic has enjoyed since the collapse of the Soviet Union ended on Monday, when its agreement with the federal government expired. The republic had once been among 46 Russian regions that negotiated a degree of self-rule with the Kremlin after the Soviet Union’s collapse. But by July 24 this year, only Tatarstan had retained a semblance of that autonomy. In the months leading up to the agreement’s expiration, the Kremlin gave little indication it intended to renew the deal. Under President Vladimir Putin, power has been returned to the capital. In 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, each of Russia’s regions except Tatarstan and Chechnya signed agreements with central authorities that solidified Russia’s federal structure. Tatarstan officials demanded a separate agreement that would preserve their regional sovereignty. Two years later, it finalized a deal with Moscow that gave the ethnically diverse republic its own laws, tax rules and citizenship privileges. Tatarstan kept control over its resources and budget, and could even participate in international affairs.
      Another 45 regions later signed similar agreements with the federal government under then-President Boris Yeltsin, who was willing to give regions extra sovereignty. That trend shifted in 2000 when Vladimir Putin came to power. One by one, the regions were brought to heel and their unique privileges were taken away.https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/tatarstan-special-status-expires-58483


      Trade policy
      -Russia’s Position amid Emerging Trade Partnerships http://russiancouncil.ru/en/inner/?id_4=6375#top-content
      - import substitution
      • Article by roman andryushin of rusal hkej 5oct15 b13
      Foreign affairs
      - http://en.interaffairs.ru/about.html Founded in 1922 as a weekly of the USSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs and re-established as a monthly edition in 1954, International Affairs is a journal of Russia’s Foreign Ministry covering a broad range of subjects in international politics, diplomacy, and global security. Today’s International Affairs is among the world’s key forums for discussions of international policy issues. The Russian Federation Minister of Foreign Affairs S.V. Lavrov presides over the International Affairs council. A.G. Oganesyan, international politics commentator and adviser to the Russian Federation Foreign Minister, is the journal’s editor-in-chief. International Affairs offers a round-up and competent analysis of Russia’s and the world’s most pressing political and economic problems. Extensive connections within Russia’s Foreign Ministry reinforce the journal’s ability to serve as a credible and well-informed source of information. Contributors to International Affairs comprise a unique team of diplomats and experts from Russian and international politics, research, business, and policy analysis communities. International Affairs is available in Russian and English. The English-language version is distributed in the US by East View Publications. International Affairs digests are also published in French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Chinese and Arabic. The journal is available to individual and corporate subscribers in Russia and 150 other countries. International Affairs hosts expert meetings, roundtables, and seminars.
      - Russia will not lend to other countries anymore, said Sergei Storchak, the Deputy Minister of Finance on Jan. 25, reports Vesti.Finance. In 2015, Russia allocated 10 loans, including several to countries from the Eurasian Customs Union (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan). In 2016 there will be no loans to any countries, with Iran being the only possible exception. http://rbth.com/business/2016/01/26/russia-will-stop-lending-to-all-countries-except-one_562571


      immigration
      - https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/332259-how-to-get-russian-citizenship-passport

      Trade and investment environment
      - tax

      • 据《俄罗斯商业咨询日报》报道，俄罗斯政府已向俄罗斯议会下院国家杜马提交提高增值税草案，这是近十五年来俄罗斯国内首个税制改革草案。
        来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/jingji/caijing/2018/07/20/662325
      • https://www.ft.com/content/dba388b2-a790-11e8-8ecf-a7ae1beff35b
        Russia has moved to shelve a controversial plan to levy a new $7.5bn tax on some of the country’s largest industrial companies, after an outcry from business groups and leading executives. Put forward by Kremlin adviser Andrei Belousov earlier this month, the leaked proposal sought to raise funds for increased social spending by squeezing profits at 14 of Russia’s largest metals, mining and chemical companies, sending share prices tumbling. “The question of how to ensure [public] financing is critical. To do it with taxes, in a situation where companies are prepared to voluntarily support this agenda, is wrong of course,” Mr Belousov said after meeting with senior executives of the companies on Friday. “I can say that the conversation was positive.” 

      - privatisation

      • Moscow steps back from privatisations as new minister puts emphasis on competition ft 18jan17
      • https://www.ft.com/content/5b4455e2-46d5-11e7-8d27-59b4dd6296b8 A senior adviser to Russian president Vladimir Putin has called for the full privatisation of the country’s oil industry, upping the ante in an increasingly heated debate over long-delayed economic reforms. “The entire oil sector should be privatised in the next seven to eight years. We don’t need state companies there,” said Alexei Kudrin, a former finance minister and the deputy head of Mr Putin’s economic advisory council. He said any privatisation should be open to foreign investors, adding that state ownership harmed Russia’s oil companies more than it benefited them. His proposal underlines the fierce debate taking place among Mr Putin’s advisers over economic policy in the lead-up to next year’s election, when the president is expected to secure another term. And it pits Mr Kudrin directly against Russia’s powerful state resource company heads, particularly Igor Sechin, chief executive of Rosneft, the oil group. The state’s share in the Russian oil industry, as well as in the overall economy, has increased in the recent years. “This is our birthmark, that we haven’t reduced the state economy and in some cases even returned to it,” Mr Kudrin said. In 2016, state-controlled companies produced roughly 75 per cent of Russia’s oil output. Rosneft accounted for about 40 per cent of production, including output from assets acquired through the purchase of Bashneft, a regional oil company that was re-nationalised in 2014. Transneft, the oil pipeline monopoly, is also owned by the state.
      - employment

      • retirement age
      • http://tsrus.cn/jingji/2018/07/18/662321 俄罗斯政府提出提高本国公民的退休年龄并且已于6月16日向俄罗斯议会下院国家杜马提交了相关法案。提案建议将男性退休年龄将从现在的60岁提高到2028年的65岁，女性则从现在的55岁提高到2034年的63岁。根据提案，延迟退休年龄将从2019年开始逐步实施。法案引起一些民众不满，已有270万人签署要求撤销该提案的请愿书。
        来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/jingji/2018/07/18/662321 
      •  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-pension-age/russias-putin-hints-hell-dilute-unpopular-pension-reform-idUSKCN1LD1UQ


      - retail
      • Russian business ombudsman Boris Titov has asked President Vladimir Putin to postpone a new trade law to prevent potential widespread disruption in the country's shops, the Kommersant newspaper reported Wednesday. The bill, introduced by ultraconservative United Russia lawmaker Irina Yarovaya, limits the amount of money retailers can expect from suppliers for stocking their products. The amendments limit the total amount of money a retailer can receive to 5 percent of the product's price, down from the previous 10 percent. The bill also proposes to reduce the amount of time in which retailers must pay for goods. While the current payment window stands at 10 to 45 days, the law would change that time to between eight and 30 days. The bill were passed by the State Duma, the lower chamber of the Russian parliament, on June 24. The amendments were initially meant to come into force on Jan.1 2017 but State Duma deputies decided to bring the amendments into force 10 days after the law's publication. In his appeal, Titov said that the suppliers and retailers needed more time to prepare for the changes and that hastily rewriting retail chain contracts could lead to supply disruptions, contract violations, and other business risks, Titov said.http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/new-trade-law-risks-disruption-for-shops-ombudsman-warns/573830.html?utm_source=email_tmt-editorial&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=55-issue-2016-06-30&utm_content=title_7

      - ban of western food and drinks

      • Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a decree banning imports of Western food products until the end of 2017. The document was published on the government's legal information website Wednesday. Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev proposed prolonging the embargo last month after the G7 group of world leaders agreed to extend their anti-Russian sanctions until the Minsk agreements were completely implemented. Russia introduced the food embargo in August 2014. The measures were aimed at countries which had imposed sanctions on Moscow over the country's annexation of Crimea and involvement in the Ukrainian conflict. The ban initially applied to meat, poultry, fish, cheese, milk, fruit and vegetables from the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia and Norway. In 2015, Albania, Montenegro, Iceland and Liechtenstein were added to the list.  Earlier this month, Russia lifted the embargo on the import of ingredients used for the production of baby food.http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/putin-extends-food-embargo-until-2018/573843.html
      • https://news.ru/en/society/russian-state-institutions-are-banned-from-buying-foreign-wines/ The import of foreign wine for the needs of state and municipal institutions has been banned in Russia since July 1. The decree banning the import was prepared by the Russian ministry of agriculture and was signed by prime minister Dmitry Medvedev.

      - pharmaceutical

      • Russia aims to double-down on growth in its pharmaceutical manufacturing sector and tempt multi-national firms to move production to the country by increasing the amount of locally-sourced drugs purchased by the state through social welfare programs. http://rbth.com/business/2015/11/30/rusia-ups-purchases-of-locally-made-drugs-to-lure-in-foreign-firms_545921
      - cosmetics


      - fisheries
      • Deal between pacific andes and russkoye more- dobycha scmp rgc supp 30oct12
      • The Primorye (Maritime) Territory Directorate of the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) is completing an inquiry into local fisheries Daltransflot, Ussuri and Dalrybprom, which are suspected of affiliation with South Korean business. The results of the probe should be made public before the end of the week. The fisheries suspected of affiliation with Chinese and South Korean capital may face sanctions. Some members of the Russian State Duma demand that these businesses be stripped of their fishing quotas. The FAS reported on 23 July that, apart from the Sino-Hong Kong holding company Pacific Andes, a number of South Korean businesses were implicated in massive appropriation of Russia's Far Eastern marine biological resources. The FAS suspected the two countries' companies of breaching two laws: Federal Law No 57 "On foreign investment" and Federal Law No 166 "On fishing". Under both pieces of legislation, foreign companies are not allowed to acquire assets in Russia without express official permission.http://rbth.asia/economy/2013/10/02/antimonopoly_probe_suggests_massive_korean_involvement_in_russian_fis_48891.html
      - electric vehicle

      • https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/09/06/russian-gas-stations-ordered-to-provide-chargers-for-electric-cars-a49364 Gas stations all across Russia have been ordered to adapt their facilities to provide chargers for the country's electric vehicles — which number just a few hundred in total.Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree on Aug. 27 requiring the owners of gas stations to equip their facilities with chargers for electric cars by Nov. 1, 2016, according to a copy of the document published on the official government website last Monday.The measure, according to the statement, is aimed at boosting the production and use of more environmentally friendly cars, which have so far proved highly unpopular among Russians.But experts warn it will only result in additional costs for companies running gas stations and say the government has failed to offer palpable incentives for motorists to choose more eco-friendly cars.About 500 electric cars have been sold in total in Russia, according to Andrei Toptun, head of the Autostat car market research agency.
      - news, media

      - ict

      • 俄羅斯總統普京前日簽署法案，規定日後所有在俄羅斯出售的智能手 機、電腦及智能電視，均需預先裝上由俄羅斯研發的軟件，以增加俄國企 業競爭力。根據新法例，美國蘋果公司須預先在其產品安裝非自家軟 件，因此法案被稱為「反蘋果法」。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/12/04/a18-1204.pdf

      - https://www.rbth.com/business/331204-biggest-investors


      honour system
      - The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (Russian: Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного) is the highest order of the Russian Federation. Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the Russian Empire in 1698, it was abolished under the USSR before being re-established as the top Russian order in 1998.The Order was established in 1698 by Tsar Peter the Great, in honour of Saint Andrew, the first apostle of Jesusand patron saint of Russia. It was bestowed in a single class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit. Peter learned of the practice of bestowing awards from his travels in the West during the Great Embassy. In the past, service to the Russian state was rewarded with money or large estates. He witnessed first hand the awards ceremonies for England's Order of the Garter and Austria's Order of the Golden Fleece and noticed the loyalty and pride of the awardees. It also saved the state land and money. Count Fyodor Golovin was the first recipient of the order. Until its abolition following the Russian Revolution of 1917, just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, recipients of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the White Eagle, the Order of St. Anne first class, and the Order St. Stanislaus first class. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of lieutenant general orvice admiral. The Order of Saint Andrew continued to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile. The first post revolutionary presentation was to HHPrince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.

      • 俄羅斯總統普京4日向習近平授予聖徒安德烈．佩爾沃茲方內勳章。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/07/05/a19-0705.pdf
      • 汪洋在十九大前夕曾獲俄羅斯總統普京接見，頒發俄羅斯最高榮譽的「聖安德烈勳章」（The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called），普京讚揚汪為「中俄關係發展做了非常多的工作」，他是繼國家主席習近平後，第二位取得勳章的中國政要。https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20171026/20195082
      - The Order of Saint Anna (Russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Ann" or "Order of Saint Anne") was established as a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia. The motto of the Order is "Amantibus Justitiam, Pietatem, Fidem" ("To those who love justice, piety, and fidelity"). Its festival day is 3 February (New Style, 16 February). Originally, the Order of Saint Anna was a dynastic order of knighthood; but between 1797 and 1917 it had dual status as a dynastic order and as a state order. The Head of the Imperial House of Russia always is Master of the imperial Order of Saint Anna.[1] The Order of St. Anna continued to be awarded after the revolution by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna. Today, the Russian Imperial Order of St. Anna, awarded by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna is recognized as an order of chivalry by the privately operated ICOC[2] as a continuation of the pre-Revolutionary order, and has been approved for wear with military uniform by the Russian Federation, but not by some members of the Romanov Family Association. 

      • The sitter wears the Russian Orders of St Vladimir and St Anne. https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/old-masters-including-portrait-miniatures-from-the-pohl-stroeher-collection/russian-school-circa-1790-portrait-of-a-russian

      - The Order of Friendship of Peoples (Russian: Орден Дружбы народов) was an order of the Soviet Union, and was awarded to persons (including non-citizens), organizations, enterprises, military units, as well as administrative subdivisions of the USSR for accomplishments in strengthening of inter-ethnic and international friendship and cooperation, for economical, political, scientific, military, and cultural development of the Soviet Union. It was established on December 17, 1972, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the creation of the Soviet Union. The status of Order was slightly amended by the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union in July 1980. It was abolished in December 1991. In the Russian Federation it was replaced by the Order of Friendship.
      - The Order of Friendship (Russian: Орден Дружбы, Orden Druzhby) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation established by Boris Yeltsin by presidential decree 442 of March 2, 1994 to reward foreign nationals whose work, deeds and efforts were aimed at the betterment of relations with the Russian Federation and its people. Its statute was later amended by presidential decree 19 of January 6, 1999,[2] presidential decree 1999 of September 7, 2010,[3] presidential decree 1631 of December 16, 2011,[4] and presidential decree 308 of March 16, 2012.[5] It can trace its lineage to the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples.

      • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/11/02/a18-1102.pdf據新華社報道，國務院副總理張高麗，中共中央政治局常委、國務院副總理汪洋，國務院副總理劉延東昨日在北京人民大會堂接受俄羅斯總理梅德韋傑夫代表俄羅斯政府授予的「友誼」勳章。
      - 俄中友誼貢獻獎

      • 中國和平統一促進會 香港總會常務理事、中國俄羅斯友好協 會名譽理事林健忠早前到訪俄羅斯中國 友好協會。俄中友協第一副主席庫莉高 娃及秘書長等人熱烈接待，並代表該會 授予林健忠「俄中友誼貢獻獎」。 


      Economy
      - http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21639557-russian-economy-will-take-long-time-recover-it-badly-needs-structural-reforms-it

      Free floating ruble
      - Russia’s central bank has taken a further step towards a free float of the rouble, by widening the band within which it allows the currency to fluctuate against a dollar-euro basket.http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9e42ee28-30fc-11e3-b478-00144feab7de.html#axzz3Iixt38FV (oct 2013)
      - Russia's central bank on Monday moved a step closer to its goal of a freely floating rouble exchange rate by widening its trading corridor for the rouble and reducing the interventions it carries out to move the corridor. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/18/us-russia-cenbank-rouble-idUSKBN0GI0EE20140818
      - http://rt.com/business/203959-russian-ruble-free-float-bank/ The Bank of Russia took another step towards a free float ruble by abolishing the dual currency soft peg, as well as automatic interventions. Before, the bank propped up the ruble when the exchange rate against the euro and dollar exceeded its boundaries. , http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-18/russia-widens-ruble-basket-to-complete-free-float-by-end-of-year.html, 

      new currency note
      - https://www.rbth.com/arts/326389-russia-new-banknotes-rubles The new notes, worth 200 and 2,000 rubles ($3.50 and $35 respectively) appear to have been inspired by the European currency. The greenish 200 ruble note is similar to the 100 euro in color, while the blue dye of the 2,000 note resembles the 20 euro note.The major innovation is a unique QR-code printed in the right bottom corner of the new notes: Scan it and it will take you to the Central Bank of Russia’s website where multiple layers of protection used in the production of the new notes are described.

      Economic zone
      - http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2015-09/02/content_21778737.htm Economic zones in inland regions to boost infrastructure links between nations. China and Russia will upgrade border area business and economic zone cooperation under the mechanism of the China-Russia Prime Minister Regular Meeting Committee to boost trade and investment activities as their economies post slower growth, said a senior Russian official. Alexander Tsybulskiy, Russia's deputy minister of economic development, said on Tuesday Russia is planning to establish 14 economic development zones and diversify the functions of Zarubino Port in its Far East region. Unlike special economic zones in China, which are located within its border provinces and enjoy favorable trade laws and business regulation in comparison with the rest of the country, Russia's economic development zones are established in inland areas. The federal government will provide even more flexible policies to these zones to attract foreign companies. Low-cost land use and leasing terms, tax and insurance preference, better infrastructure and public services, simplified customs procedure and favorable conditions to attract high-end talent, as well as rules similar to developed countries will all be provided to foreign investors to set up businesses. "The new zones will offer tax benefits, easier goods clearance, work visas and cross-border transportation facilities to Chinese businesses, especially infrastructure companies, to help the region build a better industrial and urbanization foundation," Tsybulskiy said.


      Legal
      - Russian Commercial Law http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=wqPjj67-qboC&pg=PA432&lpg=PA432&dq=federal+tax+service+fsn&source=bl&ots=HhU310Zl4n&sig=9wj_WviMFRRrvFqP9ggOKgeDUII&hl=en&sa=X&ei=T24uVLbWJ4Xh8AWApoLgBg&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=federal%20tax%20service%20fsn&f=false

      Secrecy
      - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/fc155bca-7f25-11e5-98fb-5a6d4728f74e.html
      ussia is debating draconian new secrecy rules that would give the government a veto over any citizen releasing what it deems to be sensitive information to foreigners — an escalation in Moscow’s efforts to fortify the country against perceived external threats. The draft legislation, introduced in parliament on Friday, aims to make it illegal for citizens or legal persons to pass on any information not previously published to foreign states or international organisations or anyone acting on their behalf without approval from the federal government.


      Corruption
      - http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=100&story_id=2452 It seems that in the last year the situation has only worsened, and by a lot. By the way, since the described events, Moscow City Court has been dubbed as the Moscow City Stamp ("Mosgosstamp") for its obedient (rubber-) stamping of the decisions taken by the Prosecutor General's Office. An unnamed source told the newspaper Gazeta that Yegorova had given an oral instruction to all judges to raise the conviction rate. One of the sacked judges, Alexander Melikov, confirmed this; he openly defied the illegal order.

      Oil
      - regional pipeline system - westward from Kazakhstan, to Samara (soviet built), around Caspian sea (foreign built caspian pipeline corporation), recently opened pipeline from russia to china, baku-tbilisi-ceyhan pipeline (from azerbaijian to circumvent russia)
      - impact of sanctions on oil sector http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/fc354a6a-5dcb-11e4-b7a2-00144feabdc0.html

      Financial
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/11e60ab6-a6d8-11e4-9c4d-00144feab7de.html Russia considers creation of ‘bad bank’
      - http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20150726/00202_008.html 俄羅斯央行公布，該國將成立本身信貸評級機構，下季會投入運作，以避開地緣政治風險，該機構將由當地銀行、保險公司及資產管理公司出資，各持股權不超越5%。目前三大國際評級機構中，兩家把俄羅斯主權評級降至垃圾級別。


      Agriculture
      - 1990-1999 - strong in two federal districts, and the strongest regions were Volgogard oblast and Saratov oblast in the Volga federal district and Krasnodar kray, stavropol kray, and rostov oblast in the northern caucacus federal district

      Housing
      - Khrushchyovka 


      Beard
      - http://rbth.com/multimedia/infographics/2013/09/05/the_evolution_of_russian_beard_29537.html evolution


      Russian food
      - http://travel.rbth.com/travel/2015/04/02/ten_things_you_should_eat_in_russia

      Wine
      - Abrau-Dyurso (under the administrative jurisdiction of the City of Novorossiysk in Krasnodar Krai) is the center of Russia's most important wine-growing region

      Vodka
      - http://rbth.com/arts/2014/12/31/how_to_drink_vodka_42725.html


      Alcohol
      - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/russia-irkutsk-surrogate-alcohol-siberia


      Street names
      - https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/listen-to-a-moscow-street-near-you-55263

      Outbound tourism
      - http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21657840-soviet-days-state-making-it-harder-many-holiday-abroad-banned-foreign

      In bound Tourism
      - places of interest

      • https://www.rbth.com/travel/2013/20/21/10_places_you_would_never_believe_were_in_russia
      - restaurants


      - useful app
      • Triposo
      • Ulmon
      • Kayak
      - cheap accommodation
      • godzillas
      • day n night hostel
      • fabrika hostel
      • ibis in moscow
      • number 1 hostel under sherstone group
      • yunost htoel
      • izmailovo gamma delta
      • golden wheat sheaf hotel
      diaspora
      -  many ethnic Russians became citizens of 15 different countries by the will of fate when the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991. Since 2006, the Russian authorities have been running a state program (in Russian) aimed to facilitate the return of so-called “compatriots living abroad” — that is, Russian-speaking individuals who affiliate with Russia culturally and historically — to their historical homeland. Depending on individual circumstances, some participants may acquire a Russian passport within a year of the application. Expenses for their transfer to Russia may be reimbursed and a sum of money may be awarded (up to the equivalent of $3,350 in rubles), an additional stimulating measure that comes with a condition: those who accept the money will need to agree to have lived in a certain region for a said number of years before they can relocate to a region of their choice. In practice, most of the applicants to this program come from Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Moldova.https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/332259-how-to-get-russian-citizenship-passport

      Study in russia
      - 今日俄羅斯jun2011 issue

      Accession to WTO - x years on
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/842f4ca0-db6c-11e3-b112-00144feabdc0.html

      Trade row with EU
      - duma hits back with bill to ban big four audit firms http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9ea043e2-1739-11e4-87c0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz38uw9lUzG
      - russian crisis already taking toll on western businesses http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/494e088e-18ce-11e4-80da-00144feabdc0.html#axzz396ufhFyP, http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/25/business/ukraine-russia-infographic/index.html?hpt=ibu_c1
      - sberbank targeted by EU measures http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a1607b32-18ca-11e4-80da-00144feabdc0.html#axzz396ufhFyP
      - ban on food imports and types of products likely to be affected http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/08/08/a24-0808.pdf, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/398cbdce-1e4a-11e4-9513-00144feabdc0.html#slide0, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7d63dcb2-1e18-11e4-ab52-00144feabdc0.html#axzz39liVmWyE, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e4c12a24-1e43-11e4-9513-00144feabdc0.html#slide0, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28687172, http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/14/business/russia-eu-food-embargo/index.html
      - belarus http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21612233-trade-war-menu-flexing-its-mussels
      - Consumer agency takes McDonald’s off Moscow’s menu
      http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bfdfe12c-288a-11e4-8bda-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3AzPdCR41
      - http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21613306-russias-food-embargo-west-good-state-backed-beef-industry-steaks-steppe
      - oil drilling projects
      • http://www.economist.com/news/business/21610239-sanctions-will-thwart-rosnefts-ambitions-join-ranks-oils-superpowers-arctic-chill, Russia Arctic energy ambitions jeopardised by western sanctions http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/41d19b16-31c9-11e4-a19b-00144feabdc0.html#slide0
      • http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7bb71982-682e-11e4-bcd5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3IdPV7JYQ One of the main business deals to help Russia explore its Arctic oil prospects has been delayed and could be scrapped as western sanctions continue to bite. A series of contracts between North Atlantic Drilling, the Norwegian subsidiary of the world’s biggest offshore rig company, and Rosneft, the Russian state oil company, should have been completed by this weekend but have been postponed until the end of May. If US sanctions are not eased by then the deal is likely to be ended, people familiar with the transaction said.
      - russia warns of curbs on eu clothing and car imports http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/28b7828c-39ab-11e4-93da-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3D4TYzZF5
      - http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1591215/us-slaps-new-sanctions-russian-companies-over-ukraine
      - http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1601156/luxury-yacht-firms-fear-sanctions-russia-will-spoil-their-party
      - uk blocks russian tycoon's 5bn gas deal in north sea http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9f45c70c-5458-11e4-84c6-00144feab7de.html#axzz3GK26s58V
      - http://en.ria.ru/russia/20141020/194340691/Russia-Imposes-Temporarily-Ban-on-Animal-Fats-Food-By-Products.html
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d89a98da-6b36-11e4-be68-00144feabdc0.html Mounting evidence of a Russian military intervention in war-torn Ukraine is stiffening the spines of some eastern European leaders to embrace tougher EU economic sanctions against Moscow. Officials in Slovakia and Hungary, which in recent months have been two of the EU’s most outspoken sceptics of the sanctions regime due to strong economic ties with Russia, told the Financial Times that they would support additional steps to respond to Moscow’s moves.
      - http://www.economist.com/news/international/21633830-blocking-rogue-states-access-worlds-financial-messaging-network-potent-measure
      - obligarchs - http://www.economist.com/news/business/21643122-how-businesses-linked-blacklisted-oligarchs-avoid-western-sanctions-fancy-footwork companies that would have been subject to sanctions because of their links to “designated” Russian oligarchs have managed to wriggle free of the restrictions with well-timed transactions. These have had the effect of reducing the stakes held by parties subject to sanctions below thresholds that would trigger penalties against their businesses. “The blatant manner in which [some Russian entities] have avoided sanctions raises questions about the effectiveness of the existing system and the willingness of the West to enforce its own rules,” concludes an unpublished report by a corporate-investigations firm that has been seen by The Economist. It was compiled for one of the many Western companies that fret about whom they can or cannot do business with under the sanctions regime.

      Trade stat
      - http://rbth.com/multimedia/2015/03/18russian-trade-with-asia-pacific-countries-in-2014?crid=325369 55%
      Most significant decline in the region in 2014: Hong Kong - Russia trade152%
      Most significant growth in the region 2014: Singapore - Russia trade

      Statistics
      - http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/10-maps-that-will-help-you-better-understand-russia/542215.html



      Sanction
      - swift banking payment system
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7020c50c-a30a-11e4-9c06-00144feab7de.html One of Russia’s top bankers on Friday warned that excluding the country from the Swift banking payment system would be tantamount to “war”. The suggestion that Russia could be shut out of Swift triggered widespread alarm in Moscow’s financial community when it was floated by western politicians last summer. Russia’s banks rely heavily on the Belgium-based payments system for both domestic and international payments. However, the move was at the time considered too punitive a sanction, being described by one adviser as “the nuclear option”.


      Eurasian Economic Union
      - http://eurasiancommission.org/en/Pages/default.aspx
      - russian's neighbour: primary colours http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ad076a54-efbc-11e3-bee7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz34DudXUqV
      - http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21613319-why-russia-backs-eurasian-union-other-eu

      Joint customs union with kazakhstan and belarus
      - hkgcc organised a seminar on 18apr12


      Financial-Industrial Groups (FIGs)
      - oecd paper http://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/corporategovernanceprinciples/1855104.pdf

      Surname
      - https://www.rbth.com/history/327182-russian-names-putin-romanov-lenin

      language
      - https://www.quora.com/Do-many-people-in-Russia-speak-other-languages


      Buddhism
      - http://en.ria.ru/photolents/20140902/192566487/Buddhist-temples-and-monasteries-of-Russia.html

      Islam
      - https://www.rbth.com/arts/327141-russias-oldest-mosque
      - *******The Märcani Mosque (pronounced [mærʑæˈni]; Cyrillic: (әл-)Мәрҗани мәчете; formerly Äfände, i.e. Seigniorial, The First Cathedral Mosque, The Yunısovs' Mosque), also spelled al-Marjani, Mardjani and Mardzhani (Russian: Мечеть (аль-)Марджани́) is a mosque in Kazan, Russia, built in 1766-1770 by Catherine the Great's authority and on the city's population's donations.After several decades of persecution of the Muslims in Imperial Russia the Märcani Mosque was the first mosque built in Kazan under Russian rule. It is the oldest acting mosque in Tatarstan and it was the only mosque in Kazan that escaped closure during the Soviet period.The mosque was built in traditions of the Tatar medieval architecture combined with provincial baroque style, and it represents a typical Tatar mosque. It is believed that the architect was Vasily Kaftyrev. The mosque is situated in the Old Tatar Quarter (İske Tatar Bistäse) of Kazan at the bank of the lake Qaban.Märcani Mosque is two-storied and has two halls. The interior is designed in The Petersburg Baroque style. In 1861 merchant İ. Ğ. Yunısov donated the addition of stairs, and in 1863 he donated the extension of mihrab and the breaching of new window. In that period the mosque was called Yunısovs' mosque after his family. In 1885 merchant Z. Ğosmanov donated the renovation of the minaret. In 1887 merchants W. Ğizzätullin and M. Wälişin added the tracery balcony to the minaret.The mosque is currently named after Tatar scholar Şihabetdin Märcani who worked there as imam since 1850.

      Culture
      - to note when negotiate with russians http://rbth.com/science_and_tech/2015/03/10/professor_moty_cristal_why_culture_matters_when_negotiating__44349.html
      - http://m.rbth.com/arts/2014/07/26/tearing_shirts_and_throwing_hats_the_world_of_russian_folk_gestures_37775.html The world of Russian folk gestures
      - christmas
      • Champagne, salad and fireworks: December festivities in Russia http://rbth.com/opinion/2014/12/23/champagne_salad_and_fireworks_december_festivities_in_russia_42151.html
      Music
      - http://rbth.com/arts/2015/09/15/7_classic_english_songs_with_russian_roots_48907.html
      - "Korobeiniki" (Russian: Коробейники, lit. Peddlers) is a nineteenth-century Russian folk song that tells of a meeting between a peddler and a girl, describing theirhaggling over goods in a veiled metaphor for courtship.
      Outside Russia, "Korobeiniki" is widely known as the "Tetris Theme Song", from its appearance in Nintendo's1989 version of that game. It is also known as the "Tetris Type A Theme", since it appeared in that game mode.
      - http://rbth.com/multimedia/audio/2015/12/16/foreign-musicians-singing-in-russian-balalike-it_551633 Top 5 Russian songs performed by foreign artists
      - patriotic songs
      • "Moscow Nights" (rus. Подмосковные вечера (podmoskovnie vechera)) is a Russian song, one of those best known outside its homeland. The song was originally created as "Leningradskie Vechera" ("Leningrad Nights") by composer Vasily Solovyov-Sedoi and poet Mikhail Matusovsky in 1955 (when both had well-established careers), but at the request of the Soviet Ministry of Culture, the "Подмосковные вечера" (transliterated as "Podmoskovnye Vechera"; more or less "Evenings in Moscow Oblast") version was prepared,[when?] with corresponding changes to the lyrics. (has covered version in northern china)

      - wartime songs
      • "Katyusha," also transliterated "Katusha", "Katiusha" or "Katjusha", (Russian: Катю́ша - Little Catherine) is a Russian wartime songcomposed in 1938 by Matvei Blanter with lyrics from Mikhail Isakovsky. It gained fame during World War II as an inspiration to defend one's land from the enemy. The song combines elements of the heroic, upbeat battle song and of a peasant song depicting a girl longing for her absent beau. Standing on a high riverbank, a young woman, Katyusha, sings of her beloved (compared to "a gray eagle of the steppes"), who is a soldier serving on the border far away. The theme of the song is that the soldier will protect the Motherland and its people while his girl will preserve their love. While the song is joyful and filled with the imagery of a fertile, blooming land, it also conveys the sense that the motherland is under threat. (has covered version in northern china)
      - hymns

      • http://www.hymn.ru
      Faberge
      - special feature scmp  supplement 26mar13 http://issuu.com/rbth/docs/2013_03_mp_ack/15

      Events
      - http://generalexpo.ru/
      - Global enterpreneurship congress http://gec2014.com/ (russia hong kong business association involved)
      - Fashion
      - trade fair
      • russian international expo http://euroasiarussia.com/eng/index.php/fair
      - Investment Forum - Far East 2014 http://www.euromoneyconferences.com/RussiaFarEast-Speakers.html

      Venue
      - Estet Jewelry House http://www.estetjewelry.com/

      Media
      - http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/foreign-publishers-quit-russia-over-media-ownership-law/529645.html Major foreign media holdings are leaving the Russian market due to legislation passed last year limiting foreign ownership of Russian media. Switzerland’s publishing group Edipresse, which produces the magazines Mother and Baby, Landscape Design and Atelier here, has sold its Russian assets — 100 percent of the company Edipresse-Konliga — to its general director Maxim Zimin. The deal was concluded in mid-July, Zimin told The Moscow Times on Tuesday. He declined to reveal the exact value of the deal but said that “we are talking about several hundred million rubles.” The decision was triggered by the approaching deadline for compliance with the media ownership law, which limits the stake of foreign owners in Russian media organizations to 20 percent. The law comes into force on Jan. 1, 2016. Media companies currently owned by foreigners will have an additional year — until Feb. 1, 2017 — to change their ownership structure in line with the new legislation. Edipresse believes that a 20 percent stake does not make the full-scale development of the company in Russia worth its while, Zimin said. The Swiss concern is not the only foreign publishing company which has opted to withdraw from Russia. The German publishing group Axel Springer, which controls Forbes, OK! and GEO magazines, is also selling its Russian assets, the RBC newspaper reported on Saturday, citing two unidentified managers of major publishing companies and a federal official. An 80 percent stake will be bought by Alexander Fedotov, the owner of Artcom Media Group, which publishes L’Officiel and SNC magazines, while the other 20 percent could be taken by the company’s CEO, Regina von Flemming, the sources told RBC, adding that the deal is in its final stages. No spokesperson for Axel Springer was available to comment. The legislation limiting the ownership by foreign companies to 20 percent of Russian media holdings was signed by President Vladimir Putin in October last year. Previously, foreigners could own up to a 50 percent stake in Russian television and radio, while there were no restrictions for print media and online editions.
      - propaganda tool
      • http://mashable.com/2014/11/10/kremlin-launches-news-agency-sputnik/ A Kremlin-sponsored media group launched a new international information agency on Monday to combat the "propaganda" of other world news media. "We are against the aggressive propaganda that feeds the world and imposes a unipolar view," said Dmitry Kiselyov, Director General of Rossiya Segodnya (or Russia Today) which launched the news agency Sputnik. Kiselyov, who is known as the Kremlin’s propagandist-in-chief, said that such news "can only result in bloodshed." The launch of Sputnik News, the new multi-platform agency, is the latest in Moscow’s multi-million dollar campaign to reach foreign audiences and underscores the Kremlin message that Western news agencies are biased against the country.
      - Rossiyskaya Gazeta

      • «透视俄罗斯» http://tsrus.cn/

      - Foreign relations
      • http://www.russia-direct.org/
      - Fashion
      - Gifts
      • Gift Review Trade Magazine http://www.gift-review.ru/english.html
      Martial Arts
      - Systema Система, literally meaning The System
      • Systema Hong Kong http://systemahongkong.com/
      Heritage
      - http://rbth.com/multimedia/pictures/2016/08/26/money-notes_624551
      - Wartime songs

      • http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4d020554-b8db-11e4-b8e6-00144feab7de.html In the autumn of 1941, when German tanks sped towards Moscow, Soviet radio would daily blast out a song that encapsulated the country’s titanic struggle against its Nazi invaders. “Arise, great country, arise to fight to the death with the dark fascist forces, with the infernal hordes,” sang an army choir to the melody of a military march.  The song, “Sacred War”, boosted the morale of an embattled nation. From next week, it could ring out again, from mobile phones all over Russia. On Monday, the country’s main mobile operators are launching free downloads of war songs as cellphone ringtones. The government-led drive, named “Hurray for Victory!” comes as Moscow enters the home stretch in an impassioned and increasingly shrill campaign to commemorate the end of the second world war. 
      christianity
      - https://www.rbth.com/travel/326869-10-stunning-moscow-churches
      - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48371921 Residents of Russia's fourth-largest city, Yekaterinburg, have rejected plans to build a church in a popular park, ending a week of unrest.
      The governor of the surrounding region, Sverdlovsk, said the church would not be built as a result of a survey conducted by an opinion pollster.Plans to build the church on the park square were met with anger and days of protests by residents. Opponents said the cathedral would have destroyed one of the few green spaces in the city in the Urals. The Russian Orthodox Church says it needs new churches to replace the many buildings destroyed under Soviet anti-religion laws. Last week, around 2,000 people descended on the square to protest against the church's construction, leading to dozens of arrests.The church has been a source of controversy since plans to build it were first announced in 2010. On its website the local activist group in Yekaterinburg says: "To build the cathedral they want to destroy the park, which is a favourite place for residents to relax." Others have said that the city is in need of more, not fewer, parks. "Nobody is against a church, but everyone is against building one here," one protester told Radio Free Europe. "There are lots of churches here... But not much green space is left in the city."

      buddhism
      - 阿金斯科耶扎仓：俄罗斯佛教徒心中的家
      来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/lvyou/2018/10/06/663281

      Jews
      - The Pale of Settlement (Russian: Черта́ осе́длости, chertá osédlosti, Yiddish: דער תּחום-המושבֿ‎, der tkhum-ha-moyshəv, Hebrew: תְּחוּם הַמּוֹשָב‬, tẖum hammosháv) was a western region of Imperial Russia with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917, in which permanent residency by Jewswas allowed and beyond which Jewish permanent residency and in a certain period even temporary stay[1] was mostly forbidden. However, Jews were excluded from residency in a number of cities within the Pale, and a limited number of categories of Jews—those ennobled, with university educations or at university, members of the most affluent of the merchant guilds and particular artisans, some military personnel and some services associated with them, as well as the families, and sometimes the servants of these—were allowed to live outside it. The archaic English term pale is derived from the Latin word palus, a stake, extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary. The Pale of Settlement included all of Belarus, Lithuania and Moldova and much of present-day Ukraine, a part of eastern Latviaand some parts of western Russia, roughly corresponding to the modern western border of Russia. It extended from the eastern pale, or demarcation line, to the western Russian border with the Kingdom of Prussia (later the German Empire) and with Austria-Hungary. Furthermore, it comprised about 20% of the territory of European Russia and largely corresponded to historical lands of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Cossack Hetmanate, and the Ottoman Empire (with Crimean Khanate). The Russian Empire in the period of the existence of the Pale was predominantly Orthodox Christian. The area included in the Pale, with its large Jewish, Uniate and Catholic populations, was acquired through a series of military conquests and diplomatic maneuvers, between 1654 and 1815. While the religious nature of the edicts creating the Pale are clear (conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, the state religion, released individuals from the strictures), historians argue that the motivations for its creation and maintenance were primarily economic and nationalistic in nature. The end of the enforcement and formal demarcation of the Pale coincided with the beginning of the First World War, and ultimately with the February and October Revolutions of 1917, i.e., the fall of the Russian Empire.
      - https://www.facebook.com/russiabeyond/videos/10156720068623529/ Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia's Far East 
      - Leonid Parfyonov is a one-of-a-kind television producer, host, writer, creator. His shows about recent history, "Namedni," remain a landmark in Russian television, followed by films about the Pushkin Museum, The Russian Empire, and his three-part series, “Russian Jews.
      https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/14/watch-leonid-parfyonovs-new-film-on-russian-georgians-a69988
      - history of jews and judaism in russia

      Usa
      - trade

      • http://rbth.com/business/2015/07/22/trade_turnover_between_russia_and_united_states_falls_sharply_47957.html In the first five months of 2015, trade between Russia and the United States has plunged 34 percent. Earlier, despite sanctions and the Ukrainian crisis, the United States was one of the few countries with which Russia increased the volume of trade at year-end 2014, but now the Russian authorities are trying to replace U.S. products with goods from the BRICS countries.
      • https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/03/12/kremlin-shrugs-off-possible-us-boycott-of-st-petersburg-forum-over-investors-arrest-a64774 The Kremlin on Tuesday shrugged off talk of a possible boycott by U.S. companies of Russia's showcase International Economic Forum over the arrest of prominent U.S. investor Michael Calvey, saying such boycotts had come to nothing in the past. Calvey's detention last month on embezzlement charges, which he denies, has rattled some foreign investors in Russia who are worried about the business climate and has stoked talk of a possible U.S. boycott of the annual economic forum in June which is attended by President Vladimir Putin.
      -debt

      • 俄罗斯不久前抛售了所持近一半的美债，之后又于2018年7月抛售了所剩的至少三分之一美债，所持美债仅剩149亿美元，达到11年来的最低点，仅四至五月份便减持三分之二，从而退出了最大美债持有国名单。
        来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/jingji/caijing/2019/01/11/664435

      - http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russian-official-proposes-international-investigation-into-us-moon-landings/523799.html An international probe should be launched into various murky details surrounding the U.S. moon landings between 1969 and 1972, Russia's Investigative Committee spokesman said Tuesday. Vladimir Markin penned a column for the Izvestia newspaper arguing that U.S. authorities had crossed a line by launching a large-scale corruption probe targeting nine FIFA officials. The scandal surrounding the case prompted the June 2 resignation of longtime FIFA president Sepp Blatter, and sparked a heated debate about Russia's role as host of the 2018 World Cup. Venting his frustration with what he viewed as "U.S. prosecutors having declared themselves the supreme arbiters of international football affairs," Markin proposed that international investigators could likewise examine some of the murkier elements of America's past. An international investigation could help solve the mystery of the disappearance of film footage from the original moon landing in 1969, or explain where the nearly 400 kilograms of lunar rock reportedly obtained during several such missions between 1969 and 1972 have been spirited away to, Markin suggested. РЕКЛАМА "We are not contending that they did not fly [to the moon], and simply made a film about it. But all of these scientific — or perhaps cultural — artifacts are part of the legacy of humanity, and their disappearance without a trace is our common loss. An investigation will reveal what happened," Markin wrote.
      - aerospace

      • 美國近年與俄羅斯關係日益緊張，影響兩國的載人航天合作計劃。俄羅斯副總理鮑里索夫（Yuri Borisov）周五表示，隨着俄方與美國太空總署（NASA）的合約於明年四月屆滿，俄方將停止協助運送美國太空人往返國際太空站及地球。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180901/00180_014.html

      - http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160619/00180_009.html 俄羅斯健康部門日前表示，英國安全套品牌杜蕾斯，因生產商利潔時清潔用品公司未有按規例註冊，因此要禁止其銷售。杜蕾斯安全套佔俄羅斯全國總安全套銷售量的四分之一，是次禁令影響杜蕾斯旗下十一種產品。健康部門稱，相信安全套不會因而短缺。
      - press/media

      • 俄羅斯總統普京前日簽署法案，容許俄把國際媒體註冊為外國代理人，報復美國對克宮資助電視媒體的同類要求。俄上周已警告美政府資助的「美國之音」、「自由歐洲電台\自由電台」等會在新例下被指定為外國代理人。orientaldaily 27nov17
      - investors in usa
      • 以美國加州為基地的俄羅斯無人機製造公司Hoversurf，日前於阿聯酋杜拜試驗旗下飛天電單車產品，惟失敗收場。操控員連同電單車從三十米高空墮下，致人仰車翻，幸操控員沒有受傷。Hoversurf指，電單車氣壓計出錯導致意外，強調安全系統沒有問題。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200611/00180_015.html
      - investors from USA
      • Mcdonald's
      • http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1087769c-4817-11e5-af2f-4d6e0e5eda22.html McDonald’s is to open 20 new restaurants in Russia, as the world’s largest fast food company aims to expand its business in the market a year after it got caught in the middle of deteriorating relations between Moscow and Washington. The maker of the Big Mac has signed an agreement with local company GiD, which will extend McDonald’s restaurants into western Siberia in the “nearest future”, the Chicago-based company said on Friday.
      • Visa
      • http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/visa-says-it-wont-guarantee-russian-transactions-from-oct1/535720.html Visa, the international payment provider, has circulated a letter to Russian banks warning that it will no longer guarantee the processing of domestic transactions from Oct.1, the Kommersant newspaper reported Monday, citing market sources.
        Under legislation passed after Visa and MasterCard stopped servicing sanctioned Russian banks last year, from Oct. 1, all local transactions must be processed through a state-run National Payment Card System designed by the Central Bank. The new system aims to cut the country's reliance on foreign payment providers. But the transition to the new national service has been rocky, and Visa is still receiving some transaction requests from banks, according to Kommersant. Unidentified sources told the paper the situation had prompted the company to warn that if it receives requests from banks to approve Russian transactions from Oct. 1, it will not guarantee their processing. Visa confirmed sending the letter to all Russian banks, according to Kommersant. The company also said Monday that the move would not affect ordinary cardholders.
      Europe
      - http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-06/01/content_20875797.htm Russia has imposed an entry ban on 89 European politicians and military leaders, a move that has angered Europe and worsened its standoff with the West over Moscow's role in the Ukraine conflict. Moscow confirmed it had sent a list of people who were denied entry to Russia to the European Union countries, but said it preferred to refrain from comments on personalities, a high-ranking official at the Russian Foreign Ministry told Tass on Saturday. Media said the list comprised 89 EU citizens, 18 of whom have Polish citizenship.

      Eu
      - pork
      • Moscow has rejected an EU demand for €1.39 billion in compensation over a Russian pig and pork import ban by calling it “baseless.” The order will be challenged in a court of arbitration. Moscow has fulfilled all the requirements stipulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO) with regard to its pork and pigs import policy and lifted its embargo on the said products, the Russian Economic Development Ministry said. The embargo was imposed because of an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in some European countries. Moscow first imposed the embargo on European pig and pork imports in 2014 following the ASF outbreak in several European states. In February 2017, the WTO ruled the Russian pork ban illegal under international trade rules. Russia tried to appeal the decision but the WTO dismissed the motion. In December 2017, Russia complied with the WTO decision by lifting the pork ban imposed in compliance with the Rosselkhoznadzor decision. However, EU pork imports still remain banned in Russia as part of retaliatory measures imposed by Moscow against the EU in response to Europe's anti-Russian sanctions. Brussels, meanwhile, continues to claim that Moscow has not fulfilled the WTO requirements. 

      UK
      - historical ties

      • http://rbth.com/opinion/2015/07/30/business_links_going_back_centuries_give_uk-russian_relations_resilie_48135.html through many ups and downs, trade has been the link that has long fostered and maintained relations between Russia and Britain. The history of mutually beneficial commercial and cultural ties stretches back nearly 500 years since Ivan IV of Russia and Elizabeth I of England agreed to the foundation of the “Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands” in 1551. Renamed the Muscovy Company, the royal charter granted the company’s British owners the right to trade throughout Russia.  It enabled the exchange of knowledge, skills, and goods that would benefit both countries for centuries to come. This relationship continued to bloom. Under the rule of Tsar Boris Godunov half a century later, foreign specialists were invited to raise the level of technology in Russia, and Russian students were sent abroad to study in European schools and universities, including Eton, Winchester, Oxford and Cambridge. The accession of Peter the Great in 1682 ensured that trade and diplomatic relations with Britain continued to be further strengthened. During the 19th Century and the days of the Great Game, as the British and Russian empires clashed over a struggle for supremacy in Central Asia, trade continued to flourish and the lines of communication remained firmly open. Even after the 1917 Revolution and the ensuing civil war, Britain was one of the first countries in the world to recognise the Soviet Union, in 1924. Close cooperation helped cement victory in WWII, but post war relations swiftly soured in the wasted years of the Cold War.
      • https://www.rbth.com/history/329850-bear-vs-lion Despite decades of strong confrontation and geopolitical rivalry, the Russian and British Empires waged only two open wars against each other. Nevertheless, there were numerous episodes when the bear and the lion were at each other’s throat.

      - http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/news/article/british-phd-student-forced-to-leave-russia-amid-claims-of-spying/518567.html A British doctoral student who was reportedly conducting research about the Soviet revolution in Russian state archives is returning home amid claims by a popular tabloid that she had been seeking out ways to incite a revolution in Russia.
      - https://rbth.com/articles/2011/02/23/the_12_most_english_places_in_moscow_12486.html
      - investors from uk
      • http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0b254e3e-b4fe-11e3-af92-00144feabdc0.html Deteriorating relations be­tween President Vladimir Putin and the west in the wake of the Ukraine crisis have thrown a spotlight on the close links between senior figures in the British establishment and their lucrative ties to the Russian business world. Lord Skidelsky, a prominent peer who sits on the board of a state-owned Moscow investment vehicle, has criticised sanctions on Russia. He called for Russian-speaking parts of Ukraine to be given the chance to break away from Kiev. Among other notables with paid business links in Russia are Lord Mandelson, business secretary under the last Labour government; Lord Myners, a former Labour Treasury minister; Lord Owen, the former foreign secretary; and Prince Charles’s former private secretary Sir Michael Peat. Lord Skidelsky said he would keep his directorship with Rusnano Capital, a subsidiary of Russia’s state nanotechnology champion, unless Mr Putin started acting “more like Hitler”. He clarified the comment, saying: “If he shows serious expansionist tendencies, I would come off (the board) . . . but he’s shown no signs of that.” Ukraine would “fall to bits”, he predicted. Lord Mandelson last year added a lucrative directorship of Sistema, a Moscow-based diversified holding company with close ties to the Kremlin, to his portfolio of business interests. He said: “I am one of a number of western independent directors of a London-listed company. We provide oversight of the company’s aff­airs and I am satisfied with the professional scrutiny we provide collectively.” London has long been closely linked to Russian businesses, pulling in scores of stock exchange listings and boasting a high-end property market and schooling system that attracts Russian oligarchs and their families. Bill Browder, one of the prime movers behind the Magnitsky Act in the US, which blacklists Russian officials said to be involved in the death of a Moscow lawyer fighting corruption, said top Russian business figures wanted to bring members of the UK establishment on to their boards to win respectability.

      germany
      - https://www.rbth.com/arts/332039-germans-russians-ethnic-siberia
      - 自北海的油氣衰竭，歐洲便大比例地依賴俄羅斯的天然氣供應，連英國也開始進口。俄天然氣供應歐盟一直是向烏克蘭借道為主，但美國策動的烏克蘭顏色革命使親美的新政權處處阻礙刁難俄的天然氣過道，使歐盟有斷供的風險。本來俄羅斯一直籌建南部通道，從黑海經過土耳其向歐盟供氣。但美國一直阻撓，當土耳其與美國結盟時，土耳其也阻俄天然氣南往歐洲，反而與美國合作，企圖把中亞的天然氣運往歐盟，替代俄天然氣。另一方是沙特阿拉伯與卡塔爾合作建氣管，把波斯灣的天然氣經敍利亞輸歐。敍利亞拒絕，且與伊朗及伊拉克合作建與之競爭的氣管。由此開啟美國與沙特阿拉伯策動的敍利亞內戰。烏克蘭危機之後，德俄合作，建北溪二號，經波羅的海海底把俄羅斯天然氣運往德國上岸，再分銷歐洲各地，從而停止經烏克蘭的俄氣西輸。德俄合作將主宰歐盟的天然氣進口和各地分銷，擺脫美國布在烏克蘭制約俄歐的棋子。

      anglo american
      - Russia has denied visas to more than two dozen foreign teachers at a school attended by the children of diplomats, the New York Times has reported. Diplomatic tensions between Russia and Western countries resulted in the closing of the Anglo-American School’s branch in St. Petersburg last September after 43 years in operation. The Anglo-American School in Moscow was founded in 1949 by the U.S., British and Canadian governments.https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/07/17/russia-denies-visas-anglo-american-school-teachers-nyt-a66439

      France
      - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/78f95178-467d-11e5-b3b2-1672f710807b.html russian authorities have launched a probe into French hypermarket chain Auchan, making it the latest western multinational to fall foul of Moscow. Since mid-June, Rospotrebnadzor, Russia’s consumer watchdog, has been conducting “systemic checks” of Auchan’s 32 stores in the Moscow region to ensure they complied with Russia’s sanitation laws, the watchdog’s head Anna Popova said on Wednesday.
      - investors from france

      • https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/auchan-launches-first-chain-of-convenience-stores-in-russia-50424 French retailer Auchan has started developing its first convenience store chain in Russia as part of its expansion in the country, the Vedomosti newspaper reported Thursday. Auchan has already opened four convenience stores in Moscow under the name Kazhdy Den (Every Day), Auchan Russia's CEO Wilhelm Hubner told Vedomosti, adding that the retailer's own-brand products will account for about half of the stores' range of items.



      Former Soviet states
      - http://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1521538/putin-forms-trade-bloc-former-soviet-states
      - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/657967da-9725-11e4-845a-00144feabdc0.html Cracks exposed in Vladmir Putin’s dream of building a Eurasian economic powerhouse More than three years after Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan removed controls at their borders to promote smoother trade, Belarusian customs officials are back at Krasnaya Gorka, the biggest crossing into Russia. The inspectors are thorough, checking almost every vehicle as an icy wind whips the snow across their backs. “This border had almost disappeared, but now it has become very difficult,” Roman says. “I would rather not come here any more if I had a choice.”
      It was not supposed to be like this. On January 1, four days before Roman was stopped, the Eurasian Economic Union took effect, a project that is to broaden the three-member Customs Union into a regional club of nations with a single market — and, eventually, even a single currency. This year, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan are joining, but Russia hopes to eventually include most former Soviet republics.


      Baltic states
      - Frontline Latvia feels heat as Putin probes Baltic states’ resolve
      http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/51654180-4e08-11e4-bfda-00144feab7de.html

      Turkey
      - 據法新社及英國《每日郵報 》報道：俄羅斯周四針對土耳其食品展開一場 外交大戰，農業部長特卡喬夫說，約15%土耳 其農產品不符合俄羅斯的農藥限制標準，硝酸 鹽和亞硝酸鹽含量則大大超出安全範圍，將嚴 格進行入口管控。俄羅斯原衛生監督局官員奧 尼先科則呼籲民眾，罷買土耳其番茄，因為這 些資金將被安卡拉直接用來資助恐怖分子。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151127/PDF/a17_screen.pdf
      - http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21679486-russia-does-not-want-shooting-war-turkey-trade-war-maybe-tsar-v-sultan Now, Turkey has suddenly become Russia’s main enemy. The Kremlin’s chief propagandist, Dmitry Kiselev, spent most of his Sunday night broadcast slamming the country, accusing Mr Erdogan of complicity with terrorists and fascists. Turkey “is now truly dangerous,” he warned viewers. At the climate summit in Paris this week, Mr Putin met in private with Barack Obama, but shunned Mr Erdogan. The Russian government has also unveiled economic sanctions against Turkey, focused on agriculture and tourism.
      - http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/russia-turkey-agree-to-lift-nearly-all-trade-restrictions-vladimir-putin-1689252 Russia and Turkey have agreed to lift nearly all remaining trade restrictions imposed in the aftermath of Ankara's downing of a Russian warplane in 2015, President Vladimir Putin said Wednesday. "You asked when we can speak about the lifting of the restrictions that emerged some time ago. We can speak of that today," Putin said at a news conference alongside his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan. "We agreed on a comprehensive solution to all these problems linked to the restrictions." Relations between Moscow and Ankara hit rock bottom after Turkey's shooting down of a Russian warplane over the Syrian border in November 2015, which Putin at the time labelled a "stab in the back". In the wake of the incident, Moscow slapped a range of sanctions on Ankara, including an embargo on some Turkish food products, as well as a ban on charter flights and sales of package tours to the country and the reintroduction of visas for Turkish visitors. But Putin said Wednesday that Russia's embargo on the import of tomatoes from Turkey and its visa restrictions on Turkish nationals will remain in place for the time being.https://www.rt.com/business/386995-putin-erdogan-trade-restrictions/Russia will continue blocking the import of Turkish tomatoes and some other produce, but the ban will not last forever, said Russian President Vladimir Putin during a meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Sochi.Under the current ban imposed by the Kremlin, Turkish frozen meat and poultry as well as tomatoes, cucumbers, grapes, apples, pears, strawberries and other fruit and vegetables cannot be imported into Russia. The restrictions followed the downing of a Russian jet in Syria in November 2015. Ankara’s apology and the subsequent thaw between the countries failed to settle the issue. According to Putin, it is important that Russia and Turkey manage to stop a drop in trade. According to Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich, Moscow and Ankara solved all the issues with Russian grain exports to Turkey. In March, Turkey imposed a 130 percent tariff on wheat, corn and sunflower meal making deliveries unprofitable for Russian businesses. Dvorkovich said Russian grain exports would resume within days.



      Kazahkstan
      - http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21631110-russia-thinking-moving-its-space-operations-out-kazakhstan-final-countdown

      Georgia
      - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/24239f90-73e8-11e4-82a6-00144feabdc0.html Vladimir Putin has signed a sweeping treaty with Abkhazia and pledged new financial aid that critics say will speed the breakaway Georgian republic’s integration with Russia.
      The agreement “on alliance and strategic partnership”, which was signed in Sochi on Monday, would see Abkhazia co-ordinate its foreign, defence, economic and social policy with Moscow. It would also mandate the creation of a joint Russian-Abkhazian military unit and a “joint information/co-ordination centre of the organs of internal affairs”.

      India
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9a5671fa-8131-11e4-896c-00144feabdc0.html Russia and India agreed on Thursday to renew their frayed relationships in energy, defence and trade, with leaders Vladimir Putin and Narendra Modi promising construction of at least 10 more Russian nuclear power reactors in India over the next two decades.

      Brazil
      - https://www.facebook.com/MoscowTimes/photos/a.445486664765.229821.203688324765/10154083103034766/?type=3&theater Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Brazil were established on this day in 1945. Today, Russia and Brazil are both members of the BRICS group of states.

      Argentina
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5ca9fb9c-ea86-11e4-a701-00144feab7de.html Argentine President Cristina Fernández’s jokes were lost in translation when she sought to win over a group of bemused Russian businessmen during a visit to Moscow last week, but her central message was clear: their investments would be welcome in Argentina. But although Russia’s commercial interests in Latin America have grown over the past decade, they remain limited and are trumped by a need for political allies as the crisis continues in Ukraine, and Moscow suffers from US and EU sanctions after its annexation of Crimea last year.

      Asia
      - https://www.rbth.com/politics_and_society/2017/05/10/why-some-russians-look-asian-759856 Egor Kitov, a researcher from the Center of Physical Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that there are three possible definitions of the term Asian in a Russian context. First of all, Asians are people who live in the Asian part of Russia, Kitov told RBTH. Secondly, being Asian is largely a matter of self-identification on the basis of language and culture. Turkic and Tungusic people can be listed as Asians, Kitov adds.Thirdly, Asians can simply be described as Mongoloids. Among them he listed Kalmyks, Evenks, Yukagirs, Buryats, Tuvans, Khakass, Chukchis, Koryaks, Eskimos and Aleuts. There are many more ethnicities of the Mongoloid race in Russia, he explains. However, identifying them is exceptionally hard since “the territory of modern Russia comprises of at least two races: Caucasian and Mongoloid,” and after many years of coexistence they have mixed in all kinds of proportions.

      india
      - in the early 19th century Russia was keen to wrest India from British control. It was only the assassination of Russian Emperor Paul I that stymied the plan. https://www.rbth.com/history/330174-russia-tried-to-conquer-india
      - military

      • https://rostec.ru/en/news/4515545/ Rostec Corporation is spearheading an enormous Russian exhibit at the international aerospace exhibition Aero India - 2015 in Bangalore. More than 30 Russian companies will present their products. The area of ​​the united Russian exhibit, which will be made up of individual stands from 20 companies, including those of Rostec, will measure 703 square meters. The joint delegation from Rostec Corporation will consist of 245 representatives from Russian enterprises, the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, and the Russian Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation. Alongside military equipment, various civilian products will also be on display in India. “Russia and India are strategic partners in both the military and civilian spheres,” said Viktor Kladov, head of Rostec Corporation’s Department of International Cooperation. “Joint projects are currently being implemented through Rostec holdings such as Russian Helicopters, UEC, KAMAZ, VSMPO-AVISMA, and others. Military-technical cooperation between the two countries contributes to implementing the strategic task of improving Russian-Indian trade and exchange.”Subsidiary companies of the United Engine Corporation (UEC), will present a number of engines (both samples and models), including the RD-33 aircraft engine (installed on the MiG-29SMT), the RD-33MK (installed on the MiG-35D), and a turbofan engine with thrust vector control, which is installed on the Su-35. These companies will also provide information about their products. Saturn Research and Production Company will present information about its turbojet and gas turbine engines.


      Australia
      - http://rbth.com/politics/2015/09/15/tony_abbotts_5_most_critical_comments_about_russia_49233.html

      japan
      - 俄羅斯外交部周一表示，一名日本記者早前企圖在該國遠東地區，取得與其軍事能力有關的機密資料，上月遭驅逐出境。俄羅斯外交部已經召見日本大使館官員，並就事件提出抗議。日本外務省拒絕評論。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200129/00180_013.html

      korea
      - [precarious belongings]1930s deportations of korean ethnic populations (koryoin) from siberia under stalin

      • An eternal parting begins with the story of ethnic koreans in russia, who referred to themselves as koryoin and first entered its far western regions as early as 1860s.  Their arrival dramatically increased during the early 1920s as destitute peasants escaped the harsh realities of japanese colonialism.  Forced migration of koreans within what was by that time soviet union were initiated in 1926 and lasted thru 1937; during these 11 years, nearly the entire population of ethnic koreans were deported from siberia to kazakhstan and uzbekistan.  These involuntary relocations occurred because stalin feared that ethnic koreasn (who, at the time, were still officially subjects of the japanese empire, an avowed enemy of soviet union) were spies for japan.  In the desolate soviet substates of central asia, ethnic koreans were forced to work in collective farms, factories, mines , where uncounted thouseands succumbed to starvation and - as in siberia - the harsh climate. After the fall of the soviet union in late 1980s and the establishment of diplomatic relations between kazakhstan/uzbekistan and south korea in early 1990s, some descendants of these ethnic koreans began to visit or move back to south korea.

      - Viktor Tsoi was born in Leningrad in 1962. While his mother was Russian, his father was a “Russified” Korean. As a child, Tsoi exhibited a talent for drawing. To make money, he painted portraits of Western rock stars such as Robert Plant with ink and sold them on the black market. Tsoi taught himself how to play guitar and started writing his own songs at a young age. Later, he formed a band called Kino: a quartet that sounded similar to Joy Division, The Cure, and Tsoi's favorite – The Smiths.https://www.rbth.com/arts/2014/06/20/viktor_tsoi_the_last_hero_of_russian_rock_37605.html

      north korea
      - Kim Jong-un, leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), received a commemorative medal from Russian President Vladimir Putin on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Russia's victory in World War II, the official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reported Wednesday.https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/129584#DPRK-leader-receives-commemorative-medal-from-Putin

      malaya
      - any relation?

      • malaya bronnaya street in moscow


      Singapore
      - association

      • Singapore-russian connection http://www.singapore-russia.org/Home/fr/magazines
      - magazine

      • http://www.russiansingapore.ru
      • Publisher also publishes Russian Asia magazine but now seems discontinued
      philippines
      - https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3034460/russia-offers-arms-technology-philippines-no-conditions-us-ties Moscow is offering to help the Philippines produce its own arms for both domestic use and export with the help of Russian technology, envoy Igor Khovaev has revealed. The proposal comes less than a month after Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s second state visit to Russia. It also comes as ties with the United States, Manila’s traditional military ally, remain strained over human rights concerns related to Duterte’s war on drugs.“We are ready to organise joint production of Russian sophisticated light arms and small weapons here in the Philippines,” Khovaev said.“Filipinos will produce Russian arms and weapons – they will be Philippine products based on Russian technologies. We are ready to supply our sophisticated technologies in order to help your country develop your own defence industry.”The envoy stressed that the offer would have “no political conditions”.
      - http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2120256/swindled-hong-kong-agencies-filipino-helpers-face-debt-fear more than 4,000 undocumented Filipinos currently working in Russia, with many having been tricked into going there from Hong Kong after paying local agencies thousands of dollars to find them better jobs.

      viet nam
      - A number of Vietnamese people in the Russian Federation have invested in building small farms to growfruit and vegetables to meet the demand of the Vietnamese community. Many of them have dared to invest in large-scale farms, not only to serve the Vietnamese people, but also to bring their products to supermarket chains to providefor Russian consumers.Bringing clean vegetables to Russian supermarkets. We visited the farm of Duong Hai An, Chairman of the Vietnamese Association in Volgograd city on a late autumn day in 2019. https://en.nhandan.com.vn/business/item/8347802-vietnamese-farm-owners-in-russia.html


      Hong Kong
      - traces of russian history
      • many russians passed thru hk starting from 1920s; history of russian orthodox church in hk goes back to 1934; two years later, over 30 russian emigres joined that hk police reserve; there are 105 russian graves at hk cemetery in happy valley; russian restaurants cherikoff's, chantecler & tkachenko's vanished but left the well known russian dishes in hk cuisine.
      - 俄駐港總領館
      • 明年設「簽證中心」方便港人 http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/11/25/a10-1125.pdf
      • http://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X0AD74B/first-person/Connecting-Russia cg in hk interview 
      • cg interview http://hk.hkcd.com/pdf/202005/0515/HA01515CGAA_HKCD.pdf
      - russia hong kong business association http://russiahk.com/

      • Russia-Hong Kong Business Association Nominated for “Best Initiative” and “Great Achievement” Awards http://russiahk.com/main.php?id=1&nid=27

      - russia hong kong chamber of commerce (source: tdc sme expo leaflet - project only, not registered entity, at planning stage, seeking members)
      - HK Russian Club http://www.russianclubhk.org/

      • founded as a non profit organisation in 1998 by a russian actress nelli nielsen with the aim of promoting business exchanges involving hk, russia and other cis countries. 

      - russian business club https://www.facebook.com/RussianBusinessClub, http://www.meetup.com/Russian-Business-Club-Hong-Kong/
      - russian language center was established in 2007. Since 2008 RLC has conducted free classes in russian language, literature and history for children and students with financial help of russkiy mir foundation.
      - 香港俄羅斯文化交流 中心

      • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191102/PDF/a12_screen.pdf article by 全國政協委員、香港俄羅斯文化交流 中心秘書長周春玲 - 我們一群熱心為香港、俄 羅斯建立友好關係的人士，於今年中俄建 交70周年的好時刻，聚集一起，成立了 「 香港俄羅斯文化交流中心」 。我們希望從 文化出發，促進及深化香港與俄羅斯在社 會、經貿等各方面的交流，並加強在科學 、文化及教育方面的合作。

      - senior official visit

      • 香港財 政司司長陳茂波5日至8日前往俄羅斯出席聖彼得堡 國際經濟論壇和俄羅斯直接投資基金所舉行的活動 ，其間與俄羅斯總統普京會面。他表示，貿易戰沒 有贏家，保護主義對全球經濟構成重大威脅。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190609/PDF/a13_screen.pdf

      - trade
      • http://www.innoprom.com/en/media/news/road_show_innoprom_v_kitae/ The first-ever road show of the international industrial exhibition INNOPROM to be held in China took place this past 6-8 May. The unique resources and capabilities of Russia’s leading international exhibition were discussed at meetings held at the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), the China International Contractors Association, and an agency of the PRC Ministry of Commerce. A meeting took place between Anton Atrashkin, Director of the INNOPROM Business Program with senior officials from China’s leading business school – Cheung Kong Graduate Business School, in which CKGSB vice chancellors from Beijing and Hong Kong took part. Participant of the INNOPROM 2012 forecast session Professor Mu Ronpin, Director of the Institute of Economics and Management at the PRC Academy of Sciences agreed to serve as the moderator of the international conference “Russia-China Business Dialogue,” slated to be held within the framework of INNOPROM 2013. A partnership agreement was signed with one of the leaders of the Chinese exhibition industry – Expo 1. “I am confident that we have managed to pique the interest of the business elite of one of Russia’s most critical trading partners: INNOPROM represents the right entry point for Chinese companies planning to launch operations in our country,” asserts Anton Atrashkin. “The upcoming exhibition will mark the 4th year that the event is being held, growing by roughly a third with each successive year; Chinese companies are known for their tremendous mobility – they have no interest in falling behind on promising markets.”
      • russian businessmen default affect toy and jewellery industry singtao 23dec14 a17
      - ippa
      •  為實現更大協同效應，俄羅斯與香港一直有就簽訂《促進和保護投資協定》（IPPA）進行緊密合作，進一步確保兩地商家到對方境內投資時得到保障，擴大雙邊投資流動
        。「我們希望IPPA最終能順利簽訂，這將會是第二個雙方簽訂的協議 ，對香港和國際投資者皆 非 常 重 要。」科 茲 洛 夫說，俄港兩地經貿合作，下一個里程碑將會是IPPA的簽訂和落實。http://hk.hkcd.com/pdf/201906/0605/HA01605CGAA_HKCD.pdf
      - dta

      • http://tass.ru/en/economy/850279 Russia and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China signed an agreement on avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion regarding profits taxes on Monday. The document was signed by Russia’s State Secretary, Deputy Finance Minister Yuriy Zubarev and the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury in the Government of Hong Kong Ceajer Chan Ka-keung. The signing ceremony was attended by Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich. The document was signed by Russia’s State Secretary, Deputy Finance Minister Yuriy Zubarev and the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury in the Government of Hong Kong Ceajer Chan Ka-keung. The signing ceremony was attended by Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich. Many companies prefer to work in China via Hong Kong and to list on the Hong Kong Exchange for raising capital. The aluminum producer Rusal owned by Oleg Deripaska is the biggest issuer on the Hong Kong Exchange among Russian firms.
      • https://www.facebook.com/ruconhk/photos/pcb.1935384966751106/1935384893417780/ benefits: among other benefits for russian businesses, Hong Kong airlines operating flights to Russia will only be taxed in Hong Kong. Profits from international shipping transport earned by Hong Kong residents arising in Russia, which are currently subject to Russian tax, will not be taxed in Russia under the Agreement.
      - fta with eaeu

      • Russia is ready to discuss establishment of a free trade zone between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Hong Kong, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich said at the Asian Financial Forum underway in Hong Kong. "We recently struck the first agreement on a free trade zone between the Eurasian Union and Vietnam, now we are holding talks with Israel. We are ready to discuss that issue with Hong Kong," Dvorkovich said. He said Russia is aimed at close cooperation with countries of the Asia Pacific region, in particular, Hong Kong. Dvorkovich said that during his visit to Hong Kong, there are plans to sign an agreement to avoid double taxation, which will make it possible to improve interaction of the Russian and Hong Kong business. The new integration association - the EAEU - started operating on January 1, 2015. Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia make part of the EAEU. The Russian, Belarusian and Kazakh presidents held the final meeting in late December 2014 in the process to establish the EAEU.
        http://tass.ru/en/economy/850230
      - lantau island
      • past dealings hkej15oct18 shum article 正是這家蘇聯駐新加坡的莫斯科納羅尼銀行，捲入了大嶼山大戰略。其實蘇聯和大嶼山的淵源由來已久，早在中華人民共和國成立時，大批原來住在上海的白俄後人被逼再次流亡到香港，港英一度打算在大嶼山芝麻灣興建難民營安置他們，及後因為其他國家表態願意接收而作罷，但相信「大嶼山」這地理概念，自此落入蘇聯情報人員心中。冷戰期間，活躍東南亞的商人王永祥創建了「香港興業有限公司」，打算把愉景灣發展成住宅和渡假勝地，以自己持有的新界土地，向港英政府補地價換取大嶼山土地，建設包括酒店、豪華住宅、高爾夫球場在內的大型地產項目，但因為手筆太大，被不少本地財團視為大白象，結果願意出資參與的，就只有同步活躍東南亞的莫斯科納羅尼銀行。https://simonshen.blog/2018/10/15/大嶼山大戰略前傳：蘇聯的香港故事/
      - financial
      • http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1603545/four-russian-banks-plan-issue-dim-sum-bonds-hong-kong
      • 實德金融計劃於今年第一季推出首個與俄羅斯大型銀行合作的基金項目，俄羅斯副總理德沃爾科維奇(Arkady Dvorkovich)1月18日來港出席「亞洲金融論壇」期間亦特意撥冗與實德金融管理層會面交流。實德金融旗下實德資產管理有限公司(實德資產管理)成功與俄羅斯大型銀行Raiffeisen Capital 及俄羅斯官方機構國際發展創新中心(ICDI)達成合作協議，推出首個與香港金融機構合作的投資基金RC Success Alpha Fund。該項基金由實德資產管理擔任投資經理，Raiffeisen Capital 為投資顧問，將針對專業投資者的離岸私募基金，目標資產約為2億美元。實德金融行政總裁陳柏楠表示：「集團一向緊密留意國際市場走勢，這次成功引入首個港俄聯合管理的基金項目，期望為投資者開拓有潛力的投資工具，應付多變的市場環境。」http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/01/26/b06-0126.pdf
      • 香港中華總商會會長、香港新華集團主席蔡冠深日前在莫斯科出席 「中俄金融合作論壇」 演講時表示，中俄 合作推進 「一帶一路」 建設和深化區域合作，香港可在其中發揮重要作用。「中俄金融合作論壇」由中俄友好協 會、俄中友好協會、俄羅斯中國商會主辦 。中國全國政協副主席陳元、俄中友好協 會主席梅津采夫、中國駐俄羅斯特命全權 大使李輝、俄羅斯總統經濟顧問格拉季耶 夫，以及兩國財金界高層官員、工商界領 袖出席了論壇。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171024/PDF/b5_screen.pdf
      •  The Russian finance ministry will hold a non-deal roadshow in Hong Kong on Thursday as it considers borrowing in yuan on the Russian market, IFR, a Thomson Reuters news and market analysis service, reported on Monday. Russia planned to pitch its treasury bonds denominated in yuan to Chinese investors as a safeguard in case an expansion of U.S. sanctions on Russia prompts other foreign investors to exit the bonds. According to IFR, Bank of China, Gazprombank and ICBC will arrange meetings during the roadshow.https://www.kitco.com/news/2017-11-27/Russia-to-present-yuan-bonds-at-non-deal-roadshow-in-Hong-Kong-Nov-30-IFR.html
      - food

      • 佔俄進口糖果份額65%的黑河豐泰董事長呂煒表示，從2014年開始，公司每年銷售額不斷提升，去年銷售額已達6億元人民幣(約7.4億港元)，在俄羅斯擁有20家食品的獨家代理權，銷售網範圍覆蓋中國內地大部分城市，今年計劃將俄食品推廣到香港。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/02/21/a07-0221.pdf

      - tourism
      • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/11/19/a14-1119.pdf 香港約40間本地中小型旅行社代表於上月組團到俄羅斯考察，業界均認為當地旅遊業有發展前景，未來亦有興趣辦有關旅行團。「成功的俄羅斯」俄羅斯旅遊路演之香港站暨俄羅斯各地區和企業界旅遊項目推介會日前舉行，有逾50名本地和海外旅行社代表出席。在會上，有多間俄羅斯酒店負責人、俄羅斯旅遊發展委員會及旅行社代表，在台上演講和介紹俄羅斯旅遊景點和特色。有本地中小型旅行社於上月組團63人到俄羅斯考察，有份考察的立明國際旅行社有限公司董事總經理姜作工認為，港人對俄羅斯有新鮮感，而本地的中小型旅行社較少接觸俄羅斯的旅遊產品，故考察能讓旅行社更了解當地旅遊業狀況。
      • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151125/PDF/a24_screen.pdf：俄羅斯駐港總領 事亞歷山大．科茲洛夫（Alexander Kozlov）24日在 港出席活動時表示，俄方近期內將提出延長香港護照 持有人免簽逗留俄羅斯的時間。 科 茲 洛 夫 24 日 在 灣 仔 出 席 「Visit Russia Roadshow」活動，推廣俄羅斯旅遊業。他提到，俄 羅斯與香港的旅遊合作在快速發展。香港特別行政區 2009年與俄羅斯聯邦政府達成雙邊免簽證協議，所有 持有香港護照之香港永久居民均獲豁免簽證進入及逗 留在俄羅斯境內不多於14天。 簽訂雙邊免簽協議5年來，不管是俄羅斯訪港旅 客，還是香港訪俄旅客，數量都有了很大的提升。據 統計，去年，超過20萬俄羅斯旅客訪問香港；然而香 港訪俄旅客則有約1.8萬人，這個比例約為10：1。這 樣看來，俄羅斯旅遊業還有很大的發展空間，但也需 要做更多的工作，來吸引香港遊客。
      - air freight

      • Hactl wins new freighter handling contract for hk-russia services shippers today nov-dec17 issue

      - tech

      • https://issuu.com/rbth/docs/2012_12_mp_ack nristu cooperate with hkust on improved led displays
      • obor seminar May17 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffIplHJ4VSg&list=TLGGEvG2A7I_dbAyMjA1MjAxNw person from investis investmet holdings (chinese pe firm) spoke at the seminar 
      •  http://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X0AEOOC/hktdc-research/Russia-A-Rapidly-Developing-Belt-and-Road-Technological-Partner
      - animation
      • 俄羅斯的Riki與香港的Fun Union合組公司，展示了旗下品牌如何吸引學前幼兒、小學生以至成年的觀眾。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJHyN2EFicE&list=TLGGu-CLCRq8MwwyODA1MjAxNw&index=2
      - investors from hk
      • China Merchant Holdings to build science park in southern Russia's Krasnodar http://eng.tpp-inform.ru/news/5140.html
      • 新濠國際 invest in Vladivostok casino http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/04/24/b03-0424.pdf, 凱升俄賭場延遲開業http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140917/PDF/b2_screen.pdf
      • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151010/PDF/a7_screen.pdf據環球網、新聞晨報報道：俄羅斯遠東沿海地區中心城市符拉迪沃斯託克（海參崴）郊外8日開設賭場“水晶虎宮殿”，並在當天舉行開業慶典。據當地政府稱，外企在周邊地區投資約1000億盧布（約合人民幣104億元），欲在2020年底前打造包括10所以上酒店和度假設施在內的綜合賭場。該賭場計劃每年吸引50萬來自俄羅斯以及中國東北、日本、韓國等地遊客。　賭場建於符拉迪沃斯託克機場附近的沿海地區。賭場所在的酒店由在中國澳門經營大規模連鎖賭場的企業建設。該企業負責人表示設備和運營的透明度“達到國際水平”，並指出與人口大國毗鄰的符拉迪沃斯託克“是投資（賭場）的理想場所”。　澳門“賭王”何鴻燊之子何猷龍是該賭場投資者之一。英國廣播公司稱，何猷龍投了8億美元的“賭注”，堅信俄羅斯遠東將成為亞洲賭博娛樂新中心。
      • nagacorp size down casino in Russia hkej 11aug14 a8
      • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/04/09/a06-0409.pdf 據俄羅斯衛星新聞網報 道，俄中聯合企業「聯邦」總經理維克 托．韋堅斯基表示，計劃在俄羅斯歐洲 部分東南部薩馬拉實施 13項由中方投資 商參與的項目，投資總額約為170億盧布 （約 24億港元）。據韋堅斯基說，項目 與建設和工業有關。其中的一個項目為 果膠生產工廠。他說：「果膠生產廠每 年的生產量為500噸。每噸原料的成本為 2 千盧布，而成品的價格為每噸 2 萬美 元。」據他表示，俄核工業將對此產品 有很大的需求量。另一共同合作項目是垃圾處理廠。經 過再處理的垃圾將分裝為塊狀體而用於 熱力發電。中方準備向工廠提供設備並 負責安裝。除此之外，公司有計劃在薩 馬拉建造擁有 344個座位、面積為 56× 26米的冰宮冰球場。據他說，在薩馬拉 對從事農業工作的工人建造住房實施國 家資金支持建設計劃，農業城將有 1,000 間住房。「聯邦」企業同樣計劃投資這 個項目。他說：「已對街道進行了鋪 設。據計劃，撥給每個家庭150萬盧布。 我們計劃將我們工廠加入這個項目。」 除此之外，薩馬拉政府考慮建造大型 糧庫的項目、在伏爾加河建造新的港口 和大棚種植。他強調：「項目將由俄聯 邦預算、『聯邦』公司和中國私人投資 商的資金融資。」 對「聯邦」公司項目的資金融資將通 過投資商業銀行以人民幣和盧布的形式 進行。 「聯邦」公司成立於 2014年。公司的 創始人是俄羅斯克拉有限公司、「Kamena」國際消費協會和北京華體建設，主 要從事建築行業的投資。
      • 在採訪過程中，胡斯努林多次主動提到香港 ，稱正在積極借鑒香港發展地鐵和交通樞紐網， 並認為香港等中國城市和新加坡都是莫斯科發展 的範例。關於與香港的合作，他提到，香港公司 是世界上道路交通設施設計和建設領域最優秀的 企業之一，雙方在城市管理方面合作的前景非常 廣闊。香港的一些公司已經對參與莫斯科大型基 礎設施項目表示興趣。目前，莫斯科正與港鐵、 恒基兆業、恒隆地產等香港公司進行洽談。 他說，香港在交通幹線 的地產建設經驗對我們是最 有益的，莫斯科市負責地鐵以及地鐵周邊及上蓋 建築設計的人員已與香港設計及諮詢公司簽訂協 議，我們也將繼續深化合作。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151026/PDF/a24_screen.pdf
      • http://www.scmp.com/news/china/money-wealth/article/1884807/macau-casino-scion-lawrence-ho-bets-big-venture-vladivostok
      • Possible deal between pacific andes and russkoye more- dobycha scmp rgc 30oct12
      • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160215/PDF/a17_screen.pdf Twinkle Baker Décor利用五年時間， 由零開始，到成為本港最大的烘焙裝飾糖 果生產商，目前的業務遍布美國、英國、 日本等國家，葉致欣透露，原本計劃打入 台灣市場，但技術上的問題被迫改變策略 ，年內目標進軍俄羅斯市場。 「我們已做了很多market research（市 場調查），俄羅斯針對烘焙的產品不多， 產品越是不多的地方，我們便越要進入。 」葉致欣直言，俄羅斯是一個相對封閉的 國家，不過 「挑戰大，空間更大」，故 Twinkle Baker Décor希望通過參與大型展 覽，認識各地的代理商，從而把公司產品 打入不同市場。
      • [dubious and kiv]  http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201708/0808/HA06808CEMA.pdf 鐵貨1029 listed in 2010, is a spin off from Petropavlovsk plc (formerly Peter Hambro Mining plc) which is listed in london stock exchange
      - investors from russia
      • Hket 26apr16 a17 russian business club by ashley galina dudarenok, 原來在香港有超過5,000多位俄語人士生活，Ashley Dudarenok就是其中一位。出生於接連黑龍江省的符拉迪沃斯托克（海參崴）、曾在重慶留學的她，能說一口流利的普通話，與中國甚有淵源。現時她是公關公司瑞熙國際（Alarice International）董事總經理，主打內地市場推廣業務。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/08/16/b02-0816.pdf
      • hket 27apr16 a14 russian caviar house group of companies
      • 國際餐飲集團Bulldozer Group日前在港開設首間海鮮餐廳Seafood Room，拓展亞洲業務。Seafood Room位於銅鑼灣一座新落成商業大樓的頂樓，佔地8,000方呎，連2,000方呎天台酒吧。集團香港業務發展總監Barbara Kukhno表示，該餐廳不但為顧客提供多種本地和進口新鮮海產，亦供應全球風味美食，包括亞洲、地中海、南美等特色佳餚。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/05/03/b02-0503.pdf
      • Diana卻選擇移居香港，寧願放棄俄羅斯普遍的千呎大屋環境，亦要付重稅於香港上車，至今在港生活六年，更獨自創業平賣家鄉美食。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180910/00269_002.html

      - education mission visited 香港布廠商會朱石麟中學
      http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140317/PDF/a23_screen.pdf
      - Liuyandong met HK youth in Russia, Fok Kai Gong present as well http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140330/PDF/a10_screen.pdf
      - HKCO tour in Russia

      • http://www.hkco.org/NewsList.aspx?channel=2&pagenumber=11&lang=E&presskeyid=310
      • http://www.icartists.co.uk/news/projects/ica-takes-hong-kong-chinese-orchestra-hkco-tour-russia
      • http://rbth.asia/culture/2013/12/16/orchestra_hits_right_note_48977.html
      • http://www.internationalartsmanager.com/2013/11/04/hkco-builds-bridges-russia/

      - HK week in Russia 2013 http://www.hkinmoscow.gov.hk/eng/festival.html
      • https://www.youtube.com/user/hkinmoscow
      • http://russiahk.com/main.php?id=1&nid=60
      - culture

      • http://rbth.asia/articles/2012/03/26/joy_of_art_narrows_cultural_divide_15563.html Russia Beyond the Headlines (RBTH) co-sponsored the opening of the Monologue exhibition with Red Square Gallery in Happy Valley. It will be on display until April 30. 
      • A night of russian music by perform now (co founder) scmp rgc supp 29feb12
      • LCSD co-organised Russian culture event with Russian CG http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201503/0327/HS18327CTAH.pdf
      • http://asia.rbth.com/arts/2015/04/29/russian_national_orchestra_to_perform_in_hong_kong_45633.html The Russian National Orchestra led by Mikhail Pletnev will hold two concerts in Hong Kong in late-June, the city’s administration said this week. According to the press note, the first concert will be held on June 24 at the Concert Hall of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre. The programme will include Mozart's "Piano Concerto No. 24 in C Minor, K. 491", with Pletnev as piano soloist, and Tchaikovsky's "Symphony No. 5 in E Minor, Op. 64" conducted by Pletnev.  The second concert will feature trumpet soloist Sergei Nakariakov performing Arutiunian's "Trumpet Concerto." Under the baton of Pletnev, the orchestra will perform Glinka's "Overture to Ruslan and Lyudmila" and Rachmaninov's "Symphony No. 2 in E Minor, Op. 27." The concerts are part of the programmes in the Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Department "Great Music 2015" series.
      • Russia and greater china project scmp  supplement 26mar13 http://issuu.com/rbth/docs/2013_03_mp_ack/15
      • 在香港舞蹈總會董事兼教育總監陸恩美眼中，黑河和布市有特殊的魅力，她和丈夫杜士流近十年多次往返兩地度假，只因喜歡這裡的藍天和民風民俗。2009年俄羅斯與香港簽署互免簽證協議，陸恩美和杜士流當時開展香港參與的中俄文化交流活動。他們帶領香港嘉諾撒聖心書院四十多名舞蹈學員，從黑河出境赴布市，打算訪問當地孔子學院，可惜當時學院放假杜士流畢業於北京地質學院，在香港中文大學地理系從事地圖工作近四十年；陸恩美原是嘉諾撒聖心書院地理老師，退休後任香港舞蹈總會董事兼教育總監。夫婦從1990年代經常帶舞蹈學員到內地感受人文風情。陸恩美曾出席第四屆世界婦女大會，帶領舞蹈學員在北京人民大會堂和懷仁堂演出。適逢今年是中俄地方合作交流年，她期待能率領《緣起敦煌》舞蹈劇組到俄國表演。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/02/21/a07-0221.pdf
        - religion
        • the parish of ss peter and paul was established by the russian ecclesiastical mission in china in 1934.  A year earlier, the head of mission bishop victor (svyatin) sent priest dmitry uspensky, who served in beijing, to hk, where many orthodox emigrants from russia lived.  After the death of fr dmitry, the activity of the parish was stopped in 1973.  After an interval of 30 years it was decided to recommence the activity of the parish of ss peter and paul.  Therefore, in the summer of 2003 the department for external church relations of russian orthodox church sent its member priest dionisy pozdnyaev to hk, where he began to organise the local orthodox community.  In dec2014 a parishioner of ss peter and paul church, anatoly kung, was inducted into church office, first as a dean then a priest.  Father anatoly became the first ever orthodox priest from hk.  The hk parish also nourishes the orthodox communities of shenzhen and guangzhou.  The tasks of the parish include both pastoral care for compatriots, as well as missionary work in hk and attempting to bring to a normal state the position of orthodox church in china.
        • the publisher "brotherhood of ss peter and paul" since its establishment in 2005 has published more than 100 books, the majority of which are in chinese.  The publishing house works in cooperation with translators form russia, bulgaria, uk, republic of macedonia, us, taiwan and china.  There are two in-house translators - dimitry yang jia (romanoff) and rev anatoly kung. 
        • 莫斯科 及全俄大牧首基里爾的新書《牧首寄語》 發布會26日在香港舉行，來自俄羅斯駐港 總領事館、香港各界教會人士和相關領域 專家及學者近百人參加了此次發布會。據 悉，此書亦是基里爾作品中首個譯成中文 的版本。 基里爾提到，此次《牧首寄語》正是 為了促進中俄的文化交流，讓更多的讀者 能夠接觸到聖經，了解到其中有趣有用的 內容，讓俄羅斯文化和中國文化更加靠近 。他表示此次出版簡體中文版發行數量有 限，而選擇香港，更是為了借助中國香港 這座橋樑，不僅可以連接到中國內地，同 時香港本地有着相當數量的教會，也可 以連接到世界其他教會，達到國際化的 傳播。 國際儒學聯合會副理事長、中國社會 組織促進會副會長、華民慈善基金會理事 長盧德之現場表示，自己曾與基里爾有過 深入的交流http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180627/PDF/a19_screen.pdf

        - Style HK in Russia http://hong-kong-economy-research.hktdc.com/business-news/vp-article/en/1/1X006ZQD.htm
        - arts

        • from russia with art http://www.frwa.asia/
        • following the success of Hong Kong artist Christina Tung’s first solo exhibition at the Museum of Russia Academy of Fine Arts at St. Petersburg, The Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Hong Kong and the Russian Club in Hong Kong have proudly nominated and invited Christina to hold her second solo exhibition “Inspirations” at Cheer Bell Gallery during the Russian Culture Festival. https://www.facebook.com/events/242999639658982/?notif_t=event_calendar_create&notif_id=1536828644120992
        - music

        • russian sound music academy https://www.russiansound-piano.com

        - Photo exhibition in HK

        • THE BEST OF RUSSIA PHOTO EXHIBITION
          30 March – 5 April 2015 @ Hong Kong City Hall
          FREE ADMISSION The Best of Russia http://thebestofrussia.ru/en is a project organised by Winzavod Centre for Contemporary Art in Moscow since 2008 with the support of the Minisrty of Culture of Russia. The project aims to reflect all aspects of life in Russia throughout one year. Since 2008, more than 150, 000 photos were submitted to the contest from all over Russia. Every year this exhibition is attended by up to 100, 000 people in Moscow, other Russian cities and other countries. Hong Kong City Hall http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/hkch/index.html SPECIAL THANK YOU to Consulate General of the Russian Federation in the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR, From Russia With Art and Olga Sergienko for making this very special exhibition available in HK!

        - capital into HK market? http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20140814/00376_006.html
        - russia investment summit in HK

        • https://globalhfaasia.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/3rd-annual-russia-cis-investment-summit-july-5-6/ 
        • http://www.financeasia.com/Gallery/263257,photos-from-russia-capital-raising-and-investment-summit.aspx/2
        • http://www.financeasia.com/Gallery/263257,photos-from-russia-capital-raising-and-investment-summit.aspx/1 
        - media
        • Scmp russia and greater china supplement since 2012 http://issuu.com/search?q=russia+and+greater+china
        • Takung national day supp 
        • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160613/PDF/b3_screen.pdf
        • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170614/PDF/b13_screen.pdf
        •  http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180612/PDF/b3_screen.pdf

        • hkcd national day supp 11jun19
        - hk people in russia

        • 香港加拿大人伊冯：俄罗斯人如何改变我的生活
          来源：«透视俄罗斯» - http://tsrus.cn/shehui/2019/10/04/667321
        • hkej 7jul2020 c3 brian yeung lap ming came to russia in 2012 as tourist, became editor of russia beyond the headlines (co-published by scmp and Rossiyskaya Gazeta), was one of the speakers of 2017 spief

        - russian in hk

        • Russians in hk during colonial era scmp rgc supp 27mar12
        • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20160228/00184_001.html最近拜訪香港俄羅斯商會的負責人，更深地了解俄羅斯人在香港的發展。近年我們在香港多見到俄羅斯旅客，主因是香港與俄互免旅遊簽證。一年來港的俄羅斯旅客便有二三十萬人，這反映近一二十年俄羅斯旅客從黑龍江到大連，到海南三亞，再來到香港，以至星馬泰的趨勢；但更重要的趨勢是俄羅斯人到香港從事專業工作和經商投資。據說現在大約有五千人在香港工作經商，都是在近幾年猛增的。不少人是在中國內地留學，再到香港工作，他們的中英語均佳，懂得俄語，對香港的國際專業服務工作來說是難得的人才，也有不少是早年在廣東設廠，近年伸延至香港。五千的數目不大，但增長迅速，在中國「一帶一路」戰略推動下，相信今後增加更快，且俄語國家包括前蘇聯的三十個國家，香港的國際化和中國內地的聯繫對他們向外發展頗有吸引力。不過，據說，近年已有不少俄語的專業人才與企業被新加坡搶走。理由是新加坡政府歡迎他們，香港卻在排斥他們。一是在美國政治壓力下，香港對俄羅斯人在香港銀行開戶處處刁難限制；同樣在美國的政治壓力下，政府對俄企業家和企業來港投資，在簽證等方面也特別刁難。香港號稱自由港，自由度世界第一，可是實際執行時，我們還保留殖民地時代的禁忌：偏重歐美白人國家，而歧視其他新興國家。世界在變，中國「一帶一路」戰略正積極促使變化加快。香港似乎走上回頭路。自作孽，將會不可救了！ 
          陳文鴻
        • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160329/PDF/b10_screen.pdf 一九一七年俄國爆發“十月革命”，推翻沙皇。之後有大批俄羅斯人逃離家園，部分經西伯利亞來到中國，當中以白俄居多，有些甚至南下香港謀生，令俄人人口遞增。　　香港警隊早年按警察的原居地以A、B、C和D字母識別，放在編號之前。到了一九三○年，再加上E字來識別俄籍警員。當時從上海招募了二十五名有實戰經驗的白俄來港，負責反海盜任務，當中有四人在戰後仍繼續在水警服務。　　俄羅斯人和東歐人士主要信奉東正教，隨?居港教徒增加，一九三○零年代初開始聚會崇拜，一九三四年俄羅斯東正教神父Dimitry Uspensky來港，他身為大司祭，在佐敦道十八號設立教堂主持禮拜。一九七○年他在港逝世，下葬香港墳場。此後一段時間並無俄羅斯正教會的神父接手，教堂亦因此關閉。直至二○○三年才有一名大司祭來港，翌年在中環恢復建立俄羅斯東正教會。　　今天漫步香港墳場，不時見到東正教十字架。它的設計比一般的拉丁十字架多兩條小橫木，最底的一條傾斜，一邊指向上方，代表天堂；另一邊指向下方，代表地獄。香港墳場約有一百五十五名東正教徒，大部分在戰後至一九七○年代間下葬。這些墳墓記載了一群俄羅斯人在港生活的歷史，今天我們在餐廳喝的羅宋湯和吃的俄式食品，都是拜他們所賜。
        • Hket 25apr16 a14
        - russian style restaurant history in hk hkej 11aug17 c10
        - student

        • 瑪利曼中學合唱團在第十二屆國際歌唱世界合唱藝術節中參賽演出http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140904/PDF/b22_screen.pdf
        • st paul co-ed student invited to exhibit artwork in russia singtao 23jan15 f1


        Investment Environment
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b374be24-4f01-11e4-9c88-00144feab7de.html
        - http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1484836/russia-looks-east-new-investors ("Russia and China Dialogue" conference in HK in April 2014)
        - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7dd63d2e-86a6-11e4-9c2d-00144feabdc0.html Foreign banks are expected to continue retreating next year, putting further pressure on Russia’s already fragile economy. Russian national income is believed to have stagnated this year, but the central bank forecasts it could contract by as much as 4.7 per cent if oil prices remain at the current level of $60 a barrel.
        - f&b

        • http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/12e2a716-879e-11e4-bc7c-00144feabdc0.html Economic turmoil in Russia could lead to double-digit downgrades at leading drinks companies as the collapse of the rouble causes havoc for businesses operating in the country. Drinks companies are the most exposed non-financial businesses, according to Citi, with Russia accounting for more than 30 per cent of sales for both Carlsberg and Coca-Cola Hellenic, the world’s second-largest bottler of Coca-Cola.

        - media
        • russia moves to limit foreign ownership of its media outlets http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f83e04ee-4339-11e4-be3f-00144feabdc0.html, http://www.economist.com/news/business/21631057-clampdown-foreign-owned-media-opportunity-some-oligarchs-interesting-news
        • http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/news/article/hundreds-of-russian-bloggers-registered-with-media-watchdog/526965.html Russia's media watchdog has classified 640 blogs and online communities as equal to the media, making their content subject to certain restrictions, the watchdog said on its Twitter page Monday. Under the law adopted last year, bloggers and Internet users with public web pages visited by more than 3,000 people a day are eligible for inclusion on a register run by media watchdog Roskomnadzor. They can register voluntarily for the list, or be put on the list at Roskomnazdor's behest. These bloggers must then disclose their identities and follow the rules that apply to media outlets — checking facts, avoiding obscene language, not publishing extremist materials and not disclosing private information. The law was widely criticized by popular bloggers, who claimed it would be applied selectively.


        Website
        - http://mytags.ru/
        - http://russiapedia.rt.com
        - https://www.rbth.com/education/332084-learn-russia-online

        Topics of interest
        - http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1652480/europes-biggest-shopping-mall-opens-amid-concerns-over-russian-economy  the biggest shopping mall in Europe was declared open in Moscow.
        Aviapark covers the equivalent of 36 football pitches and when operating at full capacity will have 80 restaurants, a 17-screen cinema with seating for 4,000 people, and more than 500 shops selling everything from designer shoes to iPads. t has been built on a spot where Catherine the Great built a tent city to celebrate Russia taking control of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire in the 1770s. Centuries later, the costs of Russia again taking over Crimea have combined with falling oil prices to push the rouble down.
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