Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; pronounced [ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛik dɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə(n)] ; Papiamento: Reino Hulandes), commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign country and constitutional monarchy with territory in western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the kingdom—the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten—are constituent countries (landen in Dutch) and participate on a basis of equality as partners in the kingdom.
- etymology

• called an isiltir in gaelic language

- holland as country name

• https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/netherlands-holland-dutch-tourism-board-logo-a9261266.html The Netherlands is gearing up to drop the moniker “Holland” as it rebrands itself in 2020.Holland is a region of the Netherlands, but the two names are often used interchangeably to describe the northern European country.From January, the Netherlands will officially drop “Holland” from all literature and marketing materials, so the country will only be referred to be its official name.The rebrand, which cost €200,000, is part of a wider relaunch of the country’s image, reports the Sydney Morning Herald.It comes before the country is due to host the Eurovision Song Contest and participate in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The orange tulip logo has been axed in favour of the letters NL, which look like a stylised tulip, reports Dutch News. It was unveiled last month by Dutch trade minister Sigrid Kaag.The current tourism site, Holland.com, is still using the slogan “this is Holland” alongside an orange tulip.Holland is a region of the Netherlands that includes the well-known Dutch cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague.The new strategy is also understood to be focusing on sustainable tourism by looking at longer-stay visitors to cities beyond capital Amsterdam. In May, the Dutch tourist board said it would stop actively promoting the Netherlands as a tourist destination because of concerns that its cities and attractions are becoming overcrowded.The country’s tourist numbers are anticipated to grow from 19 million now to 29 million over the next decade – and the country’s authorities do not necessarily see that as an entirely good thing. The Independent has contacted Holland.com for further comment.

Royalty
- Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːjaːtrɪks ˌʋɪlɦɛlˈminaː ˈʔɑrmɡɑrt]; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal family who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication on 30 April 2013. Beatrix is the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Upon her mother's accession in 1948, she became heir presumptive. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University. In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg, a German diplomat, with whom she had three children. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen. Beatrix's reign saw the country's Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba's secession and becoming its own constituent countrywithin the Kingdom in 1986 as well as the subsequent Antillean Dissolution in 2010, which created the new special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, and the two new constituent countries of Curaçao and Sint Maarten. On Koninginnedag (Queen's Day), 30 April 2013, Beatrix abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, and resumed the title of princess.

• she was the officiating guest at the opening of 佛光山荷華寺 on 15sep2000 in netherlands
• the annual meeting of invrijheidsverbonden was held on 22jan in utrecht  TivoliVredenburg, representatives of 佛光山荷華寺 and 国际佛光会荷兰协会会长李月嫦 were invited to attend； princess beatrix was a special guest

- Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. On 30 April 2013, she became the first queen consort of the Netherlands since Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont (queen consort from 1879 to 1890) and the first Latin American-born queen consort in the history of the Netherlands.

• Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 17 May 1971. Queen Máxima is the daughter of Jorge Zorreguieta(1928–2017), Secretary of Agriculture under General Jorge Rafael Videla during Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976–1983), and his second wife, María del Carmen Cerruti Carricart (born 1944). She has two brothers, a sister (deceased), and three half-sisters by her father's first wife, Marta López Gil. She is named after her paternal great-grandmother Máxima Bonorino González (1874–1965). Her father was a scion of the Zorreguieta family who had been landed gentry, professionals, regional politicians, and statesmen for generations. Her maternal great-grandfather was also from the landed gentry; Domingo Carricart Etchart (1885-1953) was a landowner, politician, Director of the Banco Provincial de Buenos Aires, first mayor of González Chaves, and mayor of Tres Arroyos.

•  https://dutchreview.com/culture/history/queen-maxima-netherlands/
• https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/07/dutch-queens-sister-found-dead-at-home-in-buenos-aires The youngest sister of Queen Máxima of the Netherlands has been found dead in her apartment in Bueno Aires. Inés Zorreguieta, 33, who worked as a researcher at the United Nations in Panama and was also a talented guitarist, was reported by Argentinian and Dutch media to have killed herself.

- Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina; 18 February 1947 – 16 August 2019) was the youngest of four daughters of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She also had a capacity for languages and as a young girl delighted the visiting President of the French Republic, René Coty, by conversing fluently with him in French.In 1963, Princess Marijke changed her name to her second name, Christina. Pursuing her gift for music, at age 21 she moved to Canada to study classical music in Montreal. After a few years, she accepted a teaching position at a Montessori school in New York City.While living in New York, under the name Christina van Oranje, the Princess met and started a relationship with a Cuban exile named Jorge Pérez y Guillermo^[3], himself a teacher for the Addie May Collins Shelter of Harlemand a former hotelier. Guillermo was born in Havana on 1 August 1946. He is the son of Federico Gilberto Pérez y Castillo and wife Edenia Mercedes Guillermo y Marrero, who died in Florida in 2002; his brother, Gilberto Pérez y Guillermo, was a film studies professor. Although societal attitudes were changing, because Guillermo was a Roman Catholic, it was still possible that a marriage could cause a public scandal in the Netherlands such as the one that occurred in 1964 when Christina's sister Princess Irene married the Catholic Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma. Accordingly, Princess Christina, at that time ninth in line for the Dutch throne, renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before officially announcing her engagement on St. Valentine's Day, 1975. She converted to Catholicism in 1992. The couple were married on 28 June 1975, civilly in Baarn and then religiously in an ecumenical ceremony in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht. After their wedding, they lived in New York but later moved to the Netherlands, where they built Villa Eikenhorst [nl] in Wassenaar, near The Hague.

nobles
- Willem Eggert, (Amsterdam, 1360 - Purmerend, 15 July 1417) was a Dutch politician, noble, banker and schepen of Amsterdam. He owned much land in Weesp, Monnickendam, Oosthuizen, Aalsmeer and Wognum. Eggert was the son of the rich landholder Jan Eggert. In 1392 he became advisor to Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, count of Holland. In 1404 he was made treasurer of Amsterdam. Eggert was the financier to the count and a powerful member in Holland. In 1410 Eggert was styled 1st Lord of the free and high fief Purmerend and Purmerland. In the same year he was allowed, by count William VI of Holland, to build his own fortified castle, Slot Purmerstein. Constructions on the castle finished in 1413. Between 1416 and 1417 Eggert was named a stadtholder of Holland. His son Jan Eggertsucceeded his father as Lord of Purmerend and Purmerland.

• people from purmerend

• Piet Hein Eek, architect

Holland
- The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of the Netherlands, the territory in Europe, and 6 Caribbean islands. The European territory is sub-divided into 12 provinces. Two of these, Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland comprise the lands that in earlier days constituted the province of Holland. The relationship between the Netherlands and Holland is somewhat similar to that between the United Kingdom and England. People from one of the other 10 provinces generally do not like being referred to as "Hollanders", or the place where they live as Holland in the same way as Scotsmen or Welshmen don't appreciate being called Englishmen. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Holland-and-the-Netherlands

Government
- Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment
- The Nationaal Archief (NA) is the national archives of the Netherlands, located in The Hague. It houses collections for the central government, the province of Zuid-Holland, and the former County of Holland. There is also material from private institutions and individuals with an association to the Dutch government or the political or social history of the Netherlands. The Nationaal Archief holds the Archives of the Dutch East India Company from 1602–1811, which were, along with related records held by South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2003 in recognition of their historical value. Recently, the photographic archives of Spaarnestad Photo were included in the Nationaal Archief. It has been announced that Wikipedia will get user rights over a large number of photos from these archives.The Netherlands Antilles had a separate Nationaal Archief, which was dissolved when the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles took place.

AARLE-RIXTEL
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-04/05/content_28793800.htm report on clog makers

Amsterdam
-The Keizersgracht (Emperor's canal) is a canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is the second of the three main Amsterdam canals that together form the Grachtengordel, or canal belt, and lies between the inner Herengracht and outer Prinsengracht.The Keizersgracht was named after Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

The Caribbean Netherlands (Dutch: Caribisch Nederland, pronounced [kaːˌribis ˈneːdərlɑnt]) are the three special municipalities of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean Sea. They consist of the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba,^{[8][nb 1]} although the term "Caribbean Netherlands" is sometimes used to refer to all of the islands in the Dutch Caribbean. In legislation, the three islands are also known as the BES islands (an acronym of their names). The islands are currently classified as public bodies in the Netherlands and as overseas countries and territories of the European Union; thus, EU law does not automatically apply. Bonaire (including the islet of Klein Bonaire) is one of the Leeward Antilles and is located close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are in the main Lesser Antilles group and are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

- Saba (/ˈseɪbə/; Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsaːbaː]) is a Caribbean island which is the smallest special municipality (officially “public body”) of the Netherlands. It consists largely of the potentially active volcano Mount Scenery, at 887 metres (2,910 ft) the highest point of the entire Netherlands.
Saba became a special municipality within the country of the Netherlands after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010 and is not part of a Dutch province. The island's constitutional status, as well as those of Sint Eustatius and Bonaire, is set out in the Law on the Public Entities BES (Dutch: Wet op de Openbare Lichamen BES). Sabans vote for members of the Dutch House of Representatives, the members of which are elected on a party-list proportional method.
-  Sint Eustatius (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪnt øːˈstaːtsijʏs]), also known affectionately to the locals as Statia (/ˈsteɪʃə/), is an island in the Caribbean. It is a special municipality (officially “public body”) of the Netherlands. Formerly part of the Netherlands Antilles, Sint Eustatius became a special municipality within the Netherlands on 10 October 2010. The name of the island, “Sint Eustatius”, is the Dutch name for Saint Eustace (also spelled Eustachius or Eustathius), a legendary Christian martyr, known in Spanish as San Eustaquio and in Portuguese as Santo Eustáquio or Santo Eustácio.

• during the american revolutionary war in 1781, British forces seize the Dutch-owned Caribbean island Sint Eustatius.

Haarlem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦaːrlɛm] ; predecessor of Harlem in the English language) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. From the 1630s until present day, Haarlem has been a major trading centre for tulips, and it was at the epicentre during tulip mania, when outrageous prices were paid for tulip bulbs. In 1658, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland (New Netherland), founded the settlement of Nieuw Haarlem in the northern part of Manhattan Island as an outpost of Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam) at the southern tip of the island. After the English capture of New Netherland in 1664, the new English colonial administration renamed both the colony and its principal city "New York," but left the name of Haarlem more or less unchanged. The spelling changed to Harlem in keeping with contemporary English usage.

Hague

- https://dutchreview.com/culture/trip-down-memory-lane-the-hague-in-1937-video-inside/

霍倫，又稱荷恩 Hoorn  Cape Horn, the most southerly point of the Americas, was named after the town by Willem Schouten, who navigated the cape in 1616. The Hoorn Islands of the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna in Oceania are also named after this city.The origin of the name Hoorn, even in old spelling Hoern(e) or Hoirne, is surrounded in myths. Hoorn's name, according to Old Frisian legends, is derived from the stepson of King Redbad (Radboud), called Hornus.Founded in 716, Hoorn rapidly grew to become a major harbour town. During Holland's 'Golden Age' (or 'Golden Century'), Hoorn was an important home base for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and a very prosperous centre of trade. The Hoorn fleet plied the seven seas and returned laden with precious commodities. Exotic spices such as pepper, nutmeg, cloves, and mace were sold at vast profits. With their skill in trade and seafaring, sons of Hoorn established the town's name far and wide. Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587–1629) is famous for his violent raids in Dutch Indies (now Indonesia), where he "founded" the city of Batavia in 1619 (now Jakarta). He has a big statue on the Rode Steen square in the center of Hoorn. In 1618 Willem Bontekoe (1587–1657) undertook his first and only voyage for the VOC. His story of his travel and hardship found its way into the history books when he published his adventures in 1646 under the title Journael ofte gedenckwaerdige beschrijvinge van de Oost-Indische reyse van Willem Ysbrantsz. Bontekoe van Hoorn, begrijpende veel wonderlijcke en gevaerlijcke saecken hem daer in wedervaren ('Journal, or memorable description, of the East-Indian voyage of Willem Ysbrantz. Bontekoe of Hoorn, comprising many wondrous and dangerous things experienced by him'). In 1616, the explorer Willem Corneliszoon Schouten braved furious storms as he rounded the southernmost tip of South America. He named it Kaap Hoorn (Cape Horn) in honour of his home town.

- people

• Jan Pieterszoon Coen 1587年1月出生於合恩(Hoorn)，原來他家族的姓並不姓Coen，是姓「van Twisk」，因他父親見合恩鎮有太多姓van Twisk的，所以改姓Coen。印尼華人歷史文獻《開吧歷代史紀》記載其名爲「然庇得郡」。1600年，科恩13歲的時候，他到義大利的羅馬去當學徒學習簿記(bookkeeping)。就在他離開荷蘭的那幾年，聯合東印度公司於1602年在阿姆斯特丹成立了，合恩鎮派有船隻入股。科恩這時剛好回到荷蘭，加入了東印度公司，在合恩鎮入股的船上當起一名次級商務員(最低層的職員職位)。1607年年底，他所在的船隻出航，在次年的11月抵達了麻六甲海峽。幾個月後，他又來到爪哇最西端的貿易重鎮萬丹，隨後參加了征剿遠在數千里外的香料群島(摩鹿加群島)的戰役，於1610年年底回到荷蘭。他在荷蘭停留了一年以上，受到了公司董事會的賞識，在1612年以25歲的年紀破格升任首席商務員帶領兩艘船再度起航至東印度。1613年重抵萬丹後，與荷屬東印度公司派在東南亞的總督建立了良好的工作關係。這年荷蘭艦隊剛從葡萄牙手中搶過索洛爾島，這島是通往中國人最喜歡的檀香木的帝汶的門戶，這段期間，由於生絲在歐洲賣出很好的價錢，公司急於打開對明朝的貿易，董事會一再要求下屬設法同中國建立聯繫，所以科恩寫信提出了以檀香木交換生絲的報告，獲得了公司的讚許。同年10月，經過萬丹的評議會同意後，科恩被任命為萬丹和雅加達的商館館長，同時又被任命為公司的總簿記長。1614年11月，被任命為東印度地區評議會的評議員和總管，成為總督之下，公司在海外的第二把交椅。1621年，科恩重建了雅加達城，並改名為「巴達維亞」 (Batavia，荷蘭的羅馬名。原本他是想取名為新合恩New Hoorn，但沒有如願)，以作為荷屬東印度公司在東南亞的統治中心。1622年，他為獨佔肉豆蔻 (Mace)的香料貿易，來到摩鹿加群島的肉豆蔻產地---班達群島，以平息當地島上的土著暴動。此暴動來自於荷蘭人相當不諒解班達島土著違反之前只能與荷蘭貿易的協定，而持續與英國人交易。在這場征剿中，科恩下令屠殺班達島居民一萬五千多人，而沒被殺死的也被送到了其他殖民地區充當奴工，其中有一部分後來被送到澎湖和台灣本島築城，自此班達島的土著人口幾乎被完全消滅殆盡。打開了統治局面後的科恩，為了進一步擴展荷蘭在東印度的海上事業，他開始了一連串的剝削計畫。從遠方的非洲東岸、印度和錫蘭運來了大量的奴工。但是他更矚意中國苦力，他聲稱「沒有什麼人比中國人能夠更好地為我們服務。」從這點考慮加上公司董事會一再要他打開對華貿易，終於在1622年4月他決定派出艦隊到澳門打通對明朝通商的門戶。科恩在次年(1623年) 為向董事會匯報公司的情況，他回到了荷蘭並於抵港後受到了英雄式的夾道歡迎。之後他成為合恩分會的董事，建立公司新的營運政策。1624年10月3日，科恩再次被任命為荷屬東印度總督，而英國人為怕他赴任後再次與英國東印度公司競爭，便屢屢阻礙他的起航。1625年，他結了婚。兩年後，聰明的科恩利用移民名義偕同妻子與孩子隱姓埋名地抵達東印度。並於9月30日上任。在他抵達巴達維亞之後，英國放棄佔領巴達維亞，而在萬丹建立起他們自己的總部。而在1628、1629兩年的總督任期內，馬打蘭蘇丹國兩度圍攻巴達維亞。然而皆因其軍事技術不敵荷蘭人和糧食接應不濟等問題而從沒攻下過該城。1629年9月21日，科恩驟逝於巴達維亞，享年43歲。

萊頓leiden
- people

• Gottfried, Freiherr van Swieten (29 October 1733 – 29 March 1803) was a Dutch-born Austrian diplomat, librarian, and government official who served the Holy Roman Empire during the 18th century. 

尼美根The first mention of Nijmegen in history is in the 1st century BC, when the Romansbuilt a military camp on the place where Nijmegen was to appear; the location had great strategic value because of the surrounding hills, which gave (and continue to give) a good view over the Waal and Rhine valley. By 69, when the Batavians, the original inhabitants of the Rhine and Maas delta, revolted, a village called Oppidum Batavorum had formed near the Roman camp. This village was destroyed in the revolt, but when it had ended the Romans built another, bigger camp where the Legio X Gemina was stationed. Soon after, another village formed around this camp. In 98, Nijmegen was the first of two settlements in what is now the Kingdom of the Netherlands to receive Roman city rights. In 103, the X Gemina was re-stationed to Vindobona, modern day Vienna, which may have been a major blow to the economy of the village around the camp, losing around 5000 inhabitants. In 104 Emperor Trajan renamed the town, which now became known as Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum, Noviomagus for short (the origin of the current name Nijmegen).

於爾克Urk is first mentioned in historical records dating to the 10th century, when it was still an island in the IJsselmeer, a lake that would become part of the Zuiderzee in the 13th century after a series of incursions by the North Sea. In 1939, a dike from the mainland to Urk ended the town's island status, just as the Afsluitdijk project was changing the salt water Zuiderzee surrounding Urk to the less saline IJsselmeer. Later in the 20th century, seabed areas surrounding Urk were reclaimed from the sea and became the Noordoostpolder.The oldest instance of the name "Urk" is a donation certificate of 966 from Holy Roman Emperor Otto I to the Sint Pantaleonsklooster monastery in Cologne. The text reads: cuiisdam insulae medietatem in Almere, que Urch vocatur (Latin: "of a certain island in the middle of Almere, which is called Urch"). Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord (the most northern village of Schokland) was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family. From 1475 to 1614, the Zoudenbalch family of Utrecht were Lords of Urk and Emmeloord. From 1614 to 1660, Urk and Emmeloord were ruled by the van der Wervefrom Antwerp. From 1660 to 1792 Urk and Emmeloord belonged to the municipality of Amsterdam, and ruled from 1660 to 1672/1678 by Andries de Graeff. From 1792 to 1950 Urk belonged to the province of North Holland. From 1950 to 1986 Urk belonged to the province of Overijssel. Since 1986, Urk has belonged to the province of Flevoland.

Utrecht

-豪滕Remains of a Roman villa have been found in the old centre of Houten, made visible in a street pattern. There used to be a Roman villa on that spot. This building was discovered in the fifties. In the Dark Ages Houten took shape as a rural centre. The area of the municipality of Houten was divided in the so-called 'gerechten' (districts). The names of these districts are still in use: Schonauwen, Wulven, Waijen, Heemstede.


贊丹Zaandam (Dutch pronunciation: [zaːnˈdɑm] ) is a city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is the main city of the municipality of Zaanstad, and received city rights in 1811. It is located on the river Zaan, just north of Amsterdam.The history of Zaandam (formerly called Saenredam) and the surrounding Zaan River region (the Zaanstreek) is intimately tied to industry. In the Dutch Golden Age, Zaandam served as a large milling centre. Thousands of windmills powered saws that processed Scandinavian wood for the shipbuilding and paper industries. A statue that commemorates this industry was commissioned from sculptor Slavomir Miletić, and the statue, De houtwerker("The Woodworker"), was installed on 20 June 2004.Zaandam was a leading city in the first Industrial Revolution. Into the second half of the 20th century, Zaandam was still an important lumber port. Zaandam is also historically linked with the whaling industry.^{[citation needed]}In 1697, Czar Peter I of Russia spent some time in Zaandam, where he studied shipbuilding. He stayed in a little wooden house from 1632, but was soon forced to leave because he attracted too much attention from the local population; he moved to Amsterdam, where he studied at one of the wharves of the Dutch East India Company. 


Association
- The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO), formed on February 11, 1991 in The Hague, Netherlands, is an international pro-democracy organization. Its purpose is to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. Technically, it is not a non-governmental organization (NGO), as some of its members are governments or government agencies of unrecognized states.Its members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories. The organization trains groups in how to advocate their causes effectively. Some former members, such as Armenia, East Timor, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, and Palau, have gained full independence and joined the United Nations.
- United Netherlands (UNL) is an educational student-led organization that focuses on the theory and practice of international relations and diplomacy. It is based at the Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands.In 2003 two students from the Netherlands, David Vermijs and Tjeerd Tim, organized the first ever Dutch delegation to participate in the Harvard National Model United Nations (HNMUN) at Harvard University in America. After attending this international event it was agreed that students in the Netherlands would benefit from an organized preparatory track. The second Dutch delegation in 2004 was the first to receive lectures in international law, economics, politics, United Nations rules of procedure and public speaking trainings. The United Netherlands organization was officially founded in 2004 during the aforementioned events. Due to strong interest in the United Netherlands Delegation it was decided to broaden the scope of the activities by organizing additional events, open to all students. Among the first events to take place where a symposium in 2005 and the first Model United Nations ever organized in Nijmegen in 2006.
- foreign affairs/international relations

• The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael or Clingendael Institute (Dutch: Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen Clingendael or Dutch: Instituut Clingendael) is an independent think tank and diplomatic academy which studies various aspects of international relations. The institute is located in Wassenaar in Huys Clingendael, a 17th-century manor house which is part of the Clingendael estate.The Clingendael Institute is a leading think tank and academy on international affairs. Clingendael also acts in an advisory capacity to the government, parliament and social organisations, organises conferences and seminars, and publishes Clingendael Magazine 'Spectator', an online monthly on international politics. As of 2012 the Institute is organised into two departments: Clingendael Research and Clingendael Academy.Professor of international labour law and former rector magnificus of Leiden University Paul F. van der Heijden, is Chairman of the Supervisory Council of the Institute. General director of the Clingendael Institute is Monika Sie Dhian Ho.

• alumni

•  Sigrid Agnes Maria Kaag (born 2 November 1961) is a Dutch politician and diplomat of the Democrats 66 (D66) party. She is the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation in the Cabinet Rutte III since 26 October 2017. A diplomat by occupation, Kaag worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1990 until 1993 when she became a United Nations official for the UNRWA in Jerusalem from 1994 until 1997. Kaag worked as a administrator at the International Organization for Migration in Geneva from 1998 until 2004 when she became a senior advisor of the United Nations for Khartoum and Nairobi until 2005 when she became a senior official at UNICEF. Kaag served as Regional Director for Middle East and North Africa for UNICEF in Amman from 2007 until May 2010 when she was appointed Assistant Secretary-General and Director of the Bureau of External Relations of the UNDP in New York.Kaag was born in 1961, in Rijswijk, as the daughter of a classical pianist.^[5][2] She grew up in Zeist and initially studied Arabic Linguistics and Philology at the Leiden University, but switched her study to The American University in Cairo where she obtained a B.A. degree in Middle East Studies in 1985.^[6][7] She subsequently earned an M.Phil. degree in International Relations from St Antony's College, University of Oxford in 1987, and an M.A. degree in Politics and Economics of the Middle East from the University of Exeter in 1988.^[7][8] She also received foreign relations training at the Clingendael Institute in The Hague,^[9] and studied at the French École nationale d'administration (ENA).

•  The Dutch trade minister has insisted that Europe’s deal with the South American customs bloc will support rather than undermine the EU’s drive for sustainable growth, hitting back at criticism from farming and environmental lobbies. ft 8jul19

 - legal

• Icc

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20161022/00180_004.html 南非政府昨宣布，將退出國際刑事法庭（ICC），成為第一個退出該組織的國家，對ICC審訊全球重大案件的工作造成打擊。由於非洲多國指ICC帶有偏見，布隆迪、肯尼亞、納米比亞等國亦可能步南非後塵退出。
•  http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-international-criminal-court-icc-leaves-pulls-out-withdraws-putin-assad-syria-war-aleppo-a7420676.html
•  http://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/2046904/washington-bemoans-russia-quitting-internationalLike Russia, the United States signed the Rome Statute of July 17, 1998, but neither country ever ratified it and now both have definitively rejected its authority.
•  President Rodrigo Duterte has declared the Philippines’ withdrawal from the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). Read more: http://globalnation.inquirer.net/164962/duterte-announces-ph-withdrawal-icc-treaty-duterte-icc-ph-rome-statute-withdrawal

- wholesale

• world union of wholesale markets http://www.wuwm.org/

- Butler

• International Guild of Professional Butlers http://www.butlersguild.com/

- fashion/textile

• International Apparel Federation http://internationalapparelfederation.com/, signed MOU with 

  香港紡織商會

• Control Union http://www.controlunion.com/, global network of inspection operations and dedicated laboratories

- civil aviation

• Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation http://www.canso.org/

- vocational education and training 

• world skills international http://www.worldskills.org/

- corporate responsibility

• https://www.globalreporting.org, promotes the use of sustainability reporting as a way for organizations to become more sustainable and contribute to sustainable development.​ HKPC runs a diploma programme on CSR officer training

- research

• ECR research 

- library

• The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is the leading international body representing the interests of people who rely on libraries and information professionals. An independent, non-governmental, not-for-profit organization, IFLA was founded in Scotland in 1927 and maintains headquarters at the National Library of the Netherlands in The Hague. IFLA sponsors the annual IFLA World Library and Information Congress, promoting universal and equitable access to information, ideas, and works of imagination for social, educational, cultural, democratic, and economic empowerment.During the 1930s the first library associations from outside Europe and the US joined, these being China, India, Japan, Mexico and the Philippines. By 1958 membership had grown to 64 associations from 42 countries. A permanent secretariat was established in 1962. By 1970 there were 250 members from 52 countries. The secretariat was moved to The Hague in 1971. By 1974 IFLA membership had become virtually global with 600 members in 100 countries.
• The European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations is an independent umbrella association of library, information, documentation and archive associations and institutions in Europe. http://www.eblida.org

- press/media

• World Press Photo Foundation is an independent, non-profit organization based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Founded in 1955, the organization is known for holding an annual press photography contest. Since 2011, World Press Photo has organized a separate annual contest for journalistic multimedia productions, and, in association with Human Rights Watch, the annual Tim Hetherington Grant.

- MICE

• International Congress and Convention Association  http://www.iccaworld.com/

- aquatic

• http://www.ornamental-fish-int.org/

- music competition

• http://www.alink-argerich.org/foundation

- ??

• The Royal Tropical Institute, Dutch: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT) is an applied knowledge institute located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, that works to build inclusive societies.The institute's history dates to 1864, when it began in Haarlem as the Colonial Museum, founded to house the collection of artefacts brought back from the Dutch colonies in the East (esp. Dutch East India) by Frederik Willem van Eeden (amateur botanist). Specifically, its collection consisted of anthropological and cultural artefacts and products from the East Indian archipelago. From 1871 the museum also performed research aimed at enhancing the production and processing of tropical products such as coffee beans, rattan and paraffin.Dutch trade in Indonesia led to increased public interest in ethnology and in the way of life of people of the Tropics – and their welfare. Around the turn of the 20th century the size of collection and related research together with growth in visitor numbers led the museum to team up with an Association (‘Vereeniging Koloniaal Instituut’) that set about establishing a more ambitious Colonial Institute in Amsterdam.In 1910, the Colonial Institute was founded in Amsterdam. It was founded by the Ministry of the Colonies, the City of Amsterdam, the Artis Royal Zoo, and prominent businesses active in the Dutch colonies.^[6] Its members subsequently contributed funds for a new building to be located on the former Eastern Cemetery of Amsterdam. 

Company
- Louis Dreyfus Company B.V. (LDC) is a global merchant firm that is involved in agriculture, food processing, international shipping, and finance. The company owns and manages hedge funds, ocean vessels, develops and operates telecommunications infrastructures, and it is also involved in real estate development, management and ownership.^[1] It is one of the "ABCD" quartet of companies - alongside Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge and Cargill - that dominates world agricultural commodity trading. The company makes up about 10% of the world's agricultural product trade flows, and it is the world's largest cotton and rice trader.^[3] It is also regarded by many as the second-largest player in the world's sugar market.^[4] LDC Metals expanded to become the world’s third biggest trader of copper, zinc and lead concentrate, behind only Glencore and Trafigura. Louis Dreyfus Company has its head office in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The company's parent, Louis Dreyfus Holding B.V., has its headquarters at the World Trade Center in Amsterdam.^[6] Louis Dreyfus companies are present in more than 100 countries, with 72 offices. Major offices are located in Geneva, London, Beijing, Buenos Aires, Paris, São Paulo, Singapore, New York City and Connecticut. 

• In 1851, the company was founded in the Alsace region of France by Léopold Dreyfus, the 18-year-old son of a farmer from Sierentz, under the name of his father, Louis Dreyfus. Léopold purchased wheat from local farmers in Alsace and transported it to Basel in Switzerland, 13 kilometres (8 mi) away.^[8] Léopold developed a fortune whilst still a teenager through cross border cereal trading. He rapidly diversified across shipping, weapons manufacturing, agriculture, oil and banking, thus establishing one of the wealthiest dynasties in Europe.^[9] His descendants still own the company to this day. By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the "top five biggest fortunes of France". However, as a Jewish family during the Second World War much of the family assets were confiscated by the Vichy government and some members of the family fled to America. Léopold Louis-Dreyfus's great-grandson, Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, was chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services, a subsidiary of the group involved in crude-oil trading, gas investments and infrastructure. Gérard is also the father of American actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus, the Emmy-winning star of Seinfeld. Another branch of the dynasty, based in Paris, was headed by Robert Louis-Dreyfus (who was also the CEO of Adidas) until his death in 2009. It is currently overseen by his widow, Russian-born Margarita Bogdanova Louis-Dreyfus. A third branch of the family's business is headed by Philippe Louis-Dreyfus (born 1945) and is concerned primarily with offshore industrial activities and freight shipping operations.

- Koninklijke DSM N.V. (Royal DSM, commonly known as DSM), is a Dutch multinational active in the fields of health, nutrition and materials. Headquartered inHeerlen, at the end of 2015 DSM employed 20,750 people in 50 countries and posted net sales of €7,722m.

- trading

• SHV Holdingshttp://www.shv.nl/english 

- arbitration

• https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/contact.asp

- retail

• ICI Paris XL (under AS Watson Group)
• Kruidvat (under AS Watson Group)
• trekpleister (under AS Watson Group)

- fintech

• Gemalto is an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, and managed services. It is the world’s largest manufacturer of SIM cards. The company was founded in June 2006 when two companies, Axalto and Gemplus International, merged. 

• The decision to award the contract to print Britain’s blue passports to an overseas firm is in effect final, the government has said, as Theresa May faced pressure to intervene over what critics have called a humiliating symbol of the post-Brexit future. Brexiters reacted with anger to the news that the job will not go to Britain’s De La Rue, but has instead been awarded to Franco–Dutch firm Gemalto. De La Rue’s chief executive has called on ministers to think again. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/22/contract-to-print-uk-passports-abroad-will-save-120m

- ict

•  KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN N.V., also Royal KPN N.V.) is a Dutch landline and mobile telecommunications company. KPN started as a public telecommunications company and is based in Rotterdam.The company was formerly called Koninklijke PTT Nederland, and prior to that Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie or PTT and was the publicly owned fixed-line operator of the Netherlands. KPN took on its present form on 1 January 1989 when the PTT was privatised. Before the spin-off of TPG, the company also controlled the national Dutch postal services. The Dutch government progressively privatized KPN beginning in 1994, reducing its stake to 6.4% in 2005, and finally completed the process in 2006, giving up its golden share veto rights.In 2001 KPN tried to merge with the Belgian telco Belgacom. It did not succeed because of the objections of the Belgian government.^{[citation needed]} In 2001, Spanish Telefonica expressed an interest in buying KPN.^{[citation needed]} The Japanese mobile telephone company NTT DoCoMo holds a 2% stake in KPN Mobile NV.In 2007 KPN acquired Getronics N.V., a worldwide ICT services company with more than 22,000 employees, and almost doubled its former size. KPN is still divesting parts of Getronics that didn't meet their core interests. Recently they sold a Dutch department of Getronics named Business Application Services (BAS) to CapGemini for about €250,000,000.^{[citation needed]}In August 2013, América Móvil offered to take over the remaining 70% stake of the Dutch telecommunications company for 7.2 billion Euros ($9.49 billion). América Móvil currently owns close to 30% of KPN. The Dutch Government has issued a warning on this proposed takeover of KPN by Mexican Billionaire Carlos Slim, as part of his ambition to expand his telecom empire. The plans eventually ended when the "Stichting Preferente Aandelen B KPN" exercised a call option to gain ~50% of the total shares, in order to put up a temporary protection wall against the hostile takeover.
•  The Netherlands-based Wolters Kluwer, which provides information, software and digital services to professionals in a wide range of fields, plans to expand in China to harness the huge potential in the health industry, said Corinne Saunders, CEO of the company's emerging and developing markets unit. http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-10/24/content_27151288.htm

- tech

• Philips

• The Dutch electronics group said on Tuesday that it will spin off its lighting operations into a standalone company – ending more than a century as an electronics conglomerate – leaving a separate health technology business that makes everything from electric razors to hospital equipment. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/02e3e900-42fd-11e4-9a58-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3ECJsiC6p / Lighting division in HK is a supplier to Housing Authority
•  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2016-02/04/content_23391514.htm Philips Lighting, a business sector of the Netherlands-based company Royal Philips NV, will deploy more resources and manpower in China's lower-tier and western cities over the next three years. The Dutch company will introduce more products, including connected lighting systems, LED lighting and smart lighting products, and large-scale lighting equipment for the sport, hospitality and manufacturing sectors into China. The global market value of intelligent lighting products is expected to reach $8.14 billion by 2020. In China, developing and promoting the use of such products has been included in the country's Made in China 2025 strategy, according to MarketsandMarkets, a market research and consulting company based in India. John Wang, president of Philips Lighting (China), said in comparison with Western markets, Chinese consumers have distinctive preferences and habits. For example, Chinese consumers are increasingly conscious of sustainability and resource efficiency.

- semiconductor

• NXP Semiconductors N.V. is a Dutch global semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Eindhoven, Netherlands.

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/motoring/2017-09/22/content_32321711.htmNXP Semiconductors, the world's top chip maker for the auto industry, is in discussions with Baidu Inc on a partnership to promote self-driving technology, as part of a broader effort to tap into the booming internet of vehicle market in China, a senior executive said.
•  Qualcomm Inc.’s $43 billion acquisition of NXP Semiconductors NV has been approved by Chinese regulators, according to people familiar with the matter who asked not to be identified. The stocks rallied in extended trading, with gains continuing into Friday. Clearance from China would remove the final regulatory hurdle for the purchase, which has been pending for more than 18 months. The decision by Chinese regulators will allow the transaction to be completed ahead of a July deadline set by NXP, which said it would abandon the deal if it wasn’t approved by then. Qualcomm and NXP declined to comment on an earlier report about the approval by the South China Morning Post. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-14/qualcomm-s-nxp-deal-approved-by-chinese-regulators-scmp-says

- asml

• economist 29feb2020 "industrial light and magic" a low-key dutch company has monopolised a critical link in the global technology supply chain
• 荷蘭光刻機巨頭ASML公司的元件供應商PRODRIVE工廠，上周六發生火警，未有造成傷亡，惟預期明年初出貨的極光紫外光刻機（EUV，左下圖）將被延誤。有指早前與中企簽訂的訂單也會受到影響。光刻機是當前最先進的晶片製造設備。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20181208/00180_006.html
• 三星電子素有野心要挑戰台積電在晶片代工的霸主地位。集團「太子爺」、副會長李在鎔證實，他於星期一到訪荷蘭光刻機生產商ASML的總部，與對方的行政總裁Peter Wennink及技術總監Martin van den Brink討論加強雙方在開發先進半導體技術上的合作。三星早年與台積電和英特爾（Intel）一同給ASML注資開發7納米以下製程必需的極紫外光（EUV）光刻機。而李在鎔此行實地考察了EUV光刻機的廠房和生產情況，還與對方探討EUV光刻機的供應計劃和技術指導方案、開發生產人工智能（AI）晶片等未來半導體的設備、新冠肺炎疫情長期化的市場展望，以及疫情過後的半導體技術戰略。  https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20201016/00202_004.html

- automation

• Prime Vision BV is a Dutch company which specializes in systems integration, automation, processing and recognition solutions for the international postal, warehousing, logistics and airport markets. The company has strong shareholders in PostNL - the national mail delivery company in the Netherlands, and First Dutch Innovations. In 1956 what would become Prime Vision starts life as a research department of the PTT. A few years later, in 1961, The High Yield Character Reader (HYCR™), the core technology of Prime Vision, was invented. The HYCR has been developed for capturing hand written as well as machine printed text and has found a particular niche as the basis for secondary OCR engines. In this role, Prime Vision's HYCR-based systems complement other OCRs that have been principally designed for machine printed text. With the systems working in tandem the net read rate of letters, flats and parcels is boosted significantly. HYCR is now in use throughout the world and includes various language sets, including Hebrew, Chinese and Tamil.
• https://www.parcelandpostaltechnologyinternational.com/features/success-for-automated-sorting-in-belgium.html The robotics department of Netherlands-based computer vision company Prime Vision has developed the concept of autonomous sorting, which entails sorting parcels using mobile robots. In general, sorting machines tend to be static and lack flexibility to easily adapt to changing circumstances. Autonomous sorting can help create a flexible and futureproof sorting center. Instead of fixed infrastructure, sorting centers of the future will make use of intelligent robots to sort parcels. Simply, all that is required is an empty production floor and a few days for the robots to ‘learn’ the layout to navigate. In one of the manual sorting centers in Belgium, PostNL and Prime Vision have been testing autonomous sorting since the beginning of 2020. 

- energy

• shell, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-06/04/content_20906003.htm Royal Dutch Shell Plc, the global energy company, has opened a new commercial hub inShanghai on Wednesday, which it said will better serve its downstream business customers inChina. Around 400 staff, including 100 from its national corporate headquarters in Beijing, will work atthe facility, including its lubricants, corporate sourcing, marine products, bitumen, and sulfur andchemical sales functions. The company's Shell Shanghai University was opened on the same day at the center. Shell also announced that Huibert Vigeveno, executive chairman of Shell Companies in China, ismoving to the United Kingdom to take charge of its integration with BG Group Plc, once that $70billion deal is completed.
• Vitol www.vitol.com

- Architect/landscape design

• West8 (www.west8.nl), engages in WKCD

- construction

• volkerwessels

• Dutch construction group VolkerWessels is set to float in Amsterdam, triggering a payday of up to €800m for one of the Netherlands’ richest families. High quality global journalism requires investment. The construction group, which is 100 per cent owned by the billionaire Wessels family, is expected to attract a market capitalisation of about €2bn, according to people close to the company. https://www.ft.com/content/f712a23a-237b-11e7-8691-d5f7e0cd0a16

• Royal Boskalis Westminster N.V. is a Dutch dredging and heavylift company that provides services relating to the construction and maintenance of maritime infrastructure internationally. The company has one of the world's largest dredging fleets, a large stake in Smit International and owns Dockwise, a large heavylift shipping company.Boskalis (Bos & Kalis) was founded as Johannes Kraaijeveld en van Noordenne in 1910 by Johannes Kraaijeveld and Eliza van Noordenne. In the thirties it was renamed NV Baggermaatschappij Bos & Kalis when Gerrit Jan Bos, Wilhelm Bos, Egbertus Dingeman Kalis and Kobus Kalis took over. In between the two wars, Boskalis contributed to the Zuiderzee project. The company inked a contract in 1931 for the dredging of Bromborough Dock. In 1933, Boskalis partnered with the Westminster Dredging Company (based in Fareham, England), which opened business opportunities with West Africa.Boskalis became a public company in 1970. Boskalis received the designation "Royal" in 1978. In the 1980s economic and political circumstances forced Boskalis to concentrate on its core dredging business.More acquisitions followed in the 1990s as the company acquired a 40% interest in Archirodon Group.^[9] During this period Boskalis was also involved in several major land reclamation projects. In Hong Kong the company worked on the major land reclamation project for the new Chek Lap Kok airport  and in Singapore it cooperated on a multi-year development program.
• 「長賜號」 日本船東為事件道歉， 預料可能將被罰數百萬美元。船東已向 荷蘭Boskalis旗下海上救助公司SMIT Salvage求援，該公司曾打撈沉沒的俄 羅斯核潛艇，以及處理2012年郵輪歌 詩達協和號在意大利觸礁沉沒事故。另 外，救援專家斯隆（Nick Sloane）指 出，協助長賜輪脫困的最佳時機，恐要 等到28或29日的漲潮期。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20210326/PDF/a24_screen.pdf

- aeronautics

• space expedition corporation http://www.spacexc.com/

- ship building

• Oceanco came into existence in 1987, when a group of South African private investors under the guidance of then CEO, Richard Hein, began yacht-building operations, with the hulls and superstructures built in Durban, South Africa. The yachts were then transported to various facilities in the Netherlands where the finishing work took place. In 2002, Theodore Angelopoulos took control of Oceanco and embarked on a new building strategy focusing on the niche market of 80m+ megayachts and developed the “Y Generation” of Oceanco yachts which included Amevi (Y701), 80 m (260 ft) and Alfa Nero (Y702) 82 m (269 ft). In 2008, the 75.50 m (247.7 ft) Anastasia was launched and in May 2009, the company launched the 85.47 m (280.4 ft) Vibrant Curiosity with her amidships atrium, a 7 m (23 ft) pool and large interior volumes designed by Nuvolari & Lenard.Mohammed Al Barwani, a private investor, who is based in the Sultanate of Oman, acquired Oceanco in March 2010. Barwani has interests in oil, gas, manufacturing, and minerals in Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific through MB Holding as well as investments in various other diversified assets. Marcel Onkenhout, who has been with the company for 20 years, is the CEO.
• 荷蘭船廠Oceanco正在建造一艘長127米的3桅縱帆船，預期明年完工。帆船一旦建成，將躍登世界最大3桅縱帆船遊艇排行榜冠軍。由於船廠未有公開買家身份，惹來極多猜想，有報道指新船最有可能的主人，是購物網站亞馬遜的老闆貝索斯（Jeff Bezos）。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20210512/00180_035.html

- HR

• Randstad http://www.randstad.com/

• 國際人力資源機構任仕達香港（Randstad）發表今年首季調查，覆蓋世界卅三個國家及地區，本港受訪僱員佔逾四百人。內地及印度的僱員最認同海外工作的價值，其次是馬來西亞（九成七）、澳洲（八成四）、新西蘭及新加坡（七成九）。八成三本港僱員熱衷與不同國家及文化背景同事共事，比率落後於印度的九成三、新加坡八成八。調查發現，每五名本港僱員有一人並未意識外地拓展工作足迹的價值。五成四港人認為出差對個人生活是負擔，比率高於日本、內地、馬來西亞、新加坡及新西蘭。調查機構指，調查結果令人意外，本港作為國際商業中心，員工應具有較高流動性。在擁有全球視野及重視多樣化方面，港僱員落後於競爭對手新加坡的僱員。Randstad認為，或許本港僱員希望保持工作與生活的平衡。應付繁忙工作和海外會議，以及克服時差，或令僱員覺得精疲力竭。但他認為，香港僱員需以遠大眼光審視環球市場，努力獲取海外經驗，保持國際競爭力。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20160323/00176_037.html

- commodities trading

• http://www.trafigura.com/, http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1622840/citic-global-trade-signs-deal-trafigura-joint-warehousing, http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1658942/trafigura-consolidate-its-refined-metals-warehousing-three 

- insurance

• vivat

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2016-09/19/content_26823835.htm Just one year after China's Anbang Insurance Group bought the Dutch insurer Vivat, it pulled of asurprise by turning the loss-making entity into a profitable one through its effective managementand market-centric strategies.

- animal feed

• nutreco http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8d5a6a5c-7898-11e4-a33c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3KcCw9ZSk Nutreco, the Dutch fish and animal feed group that has agreed to a €3bn takeover by SHV Holdings, has bolstered its advisory line up ahead of a potential new bid by US commodities trading group Cargill.
• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201905/28/WS5cec91f7a3104842260be2ac.html The first thing Co de Heus, CEO of Royal Dutch De Heus, did after flying from Amsterdam to China was to discuss plans for a pig slaughtering and processing plant in the outskirts of Fushun, Liaoning province. The plant offers De Heus an opportunity to engage in the nation's pig industry with its Chinese partner, Wellhope Agri-tech Joint Stock Co Ltd. "China has a population of (almost) 1.4 billion and is experiencing robust development. This promises hundreds of billions (of dollars) in market demand," said Co de Heus. Wellhope, located in Northeast China, one of the country's key granaries, is a leading feed producer. De Heus bought a 15 percent stake in Wellhope for 150 million yuan ($22 million) in 2006.

- food

• de master blenders http://www.demasterblenders1753.com/, to merge with Mondelez
• royal frieslandcampina http://www.frieslandcampina.com/english, joint venture with huishan dairy http://www.frieslandcampina.com/english/news-and-press/news/press-releases/2014-05-08-frieslandcampina-and-china-huishan-dairy-holdings-enter-into-talks-for-infant-milk.aspx, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-11/17/content_18924557.htm

• Campina was a Dutch dairy cooperative. Main brands include Campina, Landliebe and Mona. In 2008, it merged with Royal Frieslands Foods. The name of the new company is FrieslandCampina. The company history starts with many village cooperatives that gradually merged into each other and thus became big regional companies. Campina in its current form was created in 1989 by the merge of two of such regional cooperatives, Melkunie Holland and DMV Campina. After this merger the company was named Campina Melkunie until it dropped the Melkunie part in 2001. In 2004, Campina and Arla, a Danish dairy cooperative, announced their plan to merge, [1] however this plan was disbanded in April 2005 for undisclosed reasons [2] although plans for other forms of cooperation would still be considered. On 19 December 2007, Campina and Friesland Foods announced that the companies are exploring the possibility to merge. The EU approved the merger if the two cooperatives sell certain cheese and dairy drink divisions.
• malaysia

•  Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (doing business as Dutch Lady Malaysia) (MYX: 3026) is a manufacturer of cow milk and dairy products in Malaysia since the 1960s. It was previously under Royal FrieslandFoods, a Netherlands-based multinational co-operative. Dutch Lady Malaysia is currently a subsidiary of FrieslandCampina, which was formed in December 2008 as a result of the merger between FrieslandFoods and Campina. Its current products include growing up milk, UHT milk, pasteurised milk, sterilised milk, family powdered milk, low fat and 0% fat drinking yoghurt, and low fat yoghurt.On 24 September 1968, the company became the first milk company to be listed on the countries Stock Exchanges of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore; and by 1975, changing its name to Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad. 

• scmp 19may19 "a malaysian dairytale" 

• nidera

• https://www.ft.com/content/317edc68-c1e8-11e6-9bca-2b93a6856354 Chinese food group Cofco has suffered another setback in its efforts to become one of the world’s leading agricultural traders after discovering a $150m hole in the accounts of Nidera, the Dutch grain house it secured control of in 2014.

- wine and spirits

•  heineken

• http://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-heineken-redstar-idUSKBN16R17KHeineken beer's trademark red star may be about to fall foul of Hungary's attempts to purge itself of totalitarian symbols related to the years of Nazi occupation and, in this case, the 40 years of communist rule.The rightist government of Prime Minister Viktor Orban, which faces an election in April 2018, says it is a "moral obligation" to ban the commercial use of symbols such as the swastika, arrow cross, hammer and sickle, and the red star.

- floriculture

• Jansen’s Overseas B.V. is headquartered in Noordwijkerhout and was founded in 1964 by Mr. Rein Jansen. 

• seems to be supplier of proposed kaleido park project

- chemicals

•  Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational company, which creates everyday essentials. AkzoNobel is a leading global paints and performance coatings company and major producer of speciality chemicals, supplying essential ingredients, essential protection and essential colour to industries and consumers worldwide.

- materials

• materia.nl

- environment

• Afval Energie Bedrijf Waste Fired Power Plant

- consulting

• http://www.airlinetrends.com/about/

- telecom

• VEON (formerly VimpelCom Ltd.) is a multinational telecommunication services company headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It predominantly operates services in the regions of Asia, Africa and Europe. It is the sixth largest mobile network operator in the world by number of subscribers ^[3] with 214 million customers.^[4] Most of the company's revenue comes from Russia (39%) and Italy (31%). VEON's brands include Beeline, Kyivstar, Wind Tre, Djezzy, Jazz Pakistan, Banglalink and others. Russian PJSC VimpelCom was founded in 1992 in Moscow when VimpelCom's co-founders, Dmitry Zimin^[6] and American Augie K. Fabela II came together to pioneer the Russian mobile industry.^[7] Augie Fabela, who was then a young entrepreneur from the United States, and Zimin, who was a Russian scientist in his fifties, together launched the Beeline brand in 1993. The company was one of the first mobile carriers in Russia. Its name derives from вымпел, the Russian word for pennon.

• https://www.reuters.com/article/us-veon-hutchinson/veon-sells-stake-in-wind-tre-in-retreat-from-western-europe-idUSKBN1JT0E5 Veon (VON.AS) will sell out of Italian mobile network Wind Tre for 2.45 billion euros ($2.85 billion) in an exit from Western Europe the Amsterdam-based firm says will help it cut debt and focus on emerging markets. The loss-making telecoms group, which was formerly known as VimpelCom and has operations in Russia and emerging markets, said on Tuesday it had agreed to sell its stake in Wind Tre to partner CK Hutchison .
•  https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-04/zte-loses-italy-contract-even-as-u-s-restrictions-start-to-ease The easing of restrictions didn’t come soon enough for ZTE’s bid to win a contract in Italy to supply wireless equipment to Wind Tre SpA. ZTE lost the deal because it’s barred from buying U.S. technology, and Ericsson AB won the 600 million-euro ($700 million) contract instead

- market intelligence

• https://www.datenna.com/ (china focused)

- publishing

• Metropolitan Publishing

• ceo david shah spoke at a fashion access seminar in hk mar17

- art dealing

• douwes fine art

- unidentified

• IGMPR, International Business Development & Marketing

• owner  Ibo Gülsen involved in kaleido park in hk

university
- Wageningen University & Research (also known as Wageningen UR; abbreviation: WUR) is a Dutch public university in Wageningen, Netherlands. It consists of Wageningen University and the former agricultural research institutes (Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek (DLO)) of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture. Wageningen University & Research trains specialists (BSc, MSc and PhD) in life and social sciences and focuses its research on scientific, social and commercial problems in the field of life sciences and natural resources. In 1876 the Rijkslandbouwschool (National Agricultural College) was established in Wageningen. Due to the development of the training to a higher educational level it changed in 1896 to the Hoogere Land- en Boschbouwschool (Agricultural and Forestry College) and in 1904 in Rijks Hoogere Land-, Tuin- en Boschbouwschool (National Agricultural, Horticulture and Forestry College). In 1918 the school became academic by law (Academic Education Act). The name changed to Rijks Landbouw Hoogeschool (National Agricultural College). The openings date and official Dies natalis is 9 March 1918. In 1986 the "hogescholen" (comparable to scientific institute of technology) were renamed to University in a modification of the Academic Education Act. The new name became Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen (LUW) (Wageningen Agricultural University (WAU)). The 1986 law changes resulted in the use of the name hogeschool in the Dutch system to be used exclusively for universities of applied science.

Industry
- wind energy

• https://view.publitas.com/madeinholland_en/holland-your-portal-to-offshore-wind-power/page/1?utm_content=buffer089f9&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
• http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21656730-wind-energy-once-powered-netherlands-not-anymore-dutch-quixote DURING its 17th-century golden age, the Netherlands was the world’s most enthusiastic exploiter of wind technology. Over 10,000 windmills dotted the landscape; the city walls of Amsterdam were crowned with a row of them. Today many Dutch find the stereotype of their country as the land of windmills irritating—and inaccurate. Wind turbines supplied just 5.2% of the Netherlands’ electricity in 2014, far behind Germany, Spain or Denmark. Renewable sources as a whole make up 4.2% of the country’s energy mix, putting the Netherlands 26th in the European Union, ahead only of Malta and Luxembourg.

People
- Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; 28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote On Free Will,The Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works.

• Desiderius Erasmus is reported to have been born in Rotterdam on 28 October in the late 1460s.^[1][8] He was named after Saint Erasmus of Formiae, whom Erasmus's father Gerard personally favored.^[9] A 17th-century legend has it that Erasmus was first named Geert Geerts (also Gerhard Gerhards or Gerrit Gerritsz), but this is unfounded.^[11] A well-known wooden picture indicates: Goudæ conceptus, Roterodami natus (Latin: conceived in Gouda, born in Rotterdam). According to an article by historian Renier Snooy (1478–1537), Erasmus was born in Gouda. Although associated closely with Rotterdam, he lived there for only four years, never to return. Information on his family and early life comes mainly from vague references in his writings. His parents were not legally married. His father, Gerard, was a Catholic priest and curate in Gouda.^[15] Little is known of his mother, although her known name was Margaretha Rogerius (Latinized form of Dutch surname 'Rutgers')^[16] and she was the daughter of a doctor from Zevenbergen. She may have been Gerard's housekeeper. Although he was born out of wedlock, Erasmus was cared for by his parents until their early deaths from the plague in 1483. 
• [scott carroll and todd hillard] He published the first greek new testament in 1516.  Rather than making a literal word-for-word translation, he created a paraphase to smooth out the sentences and use common words.  Erasmus's greek new testament became the primary source for the translation of new testament for over 400 years. 

- William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated fromDutch: Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Dutch: Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581. He was born in the House of Nassau as Count of Nassau-Dillenburg. He became Prince of Orange in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the branch House of Orange-Nassau and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands. A wealthy nobleman, William originally served the Habsburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands. Unhappy with the centralisation of political power away from the local estates and with the Spanish persecution of DutchProtestants, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his former masters. The most influential and politically capable of the rebels, he led the Dutch to several successes in the fight against the Spanish. Declared an outlaw by the Spanish king in 1580, he was assassinated byBalthasar Gérard (also written as "Gerardts") in Delft in 1584.

• recognised at the time of peace of st germain (august 1570) as good relatives and friends of king charles IX.  With coligny once again a part of the king's council, william began planning a coordinated invasion of the netherlands involving the netherlands exiles, england and france.  Earlier in 1568, Louis of Nassau had helped to establish a naval force, quickly dubbed the sea beggars
• sea beggars attacked den briel in the province of holland in april 1572 (historically called the second dutch revolt). Most of cities of Holland and Zeeland (with exception of middelburg and amsterdam, fell into rebel hands.  In July 1752 Orange (in place of alva) was recognised as governor-general. Louis of Nassau led an invasion of the southern province of hainault, captured city of mons.
• in june 1578 the young archduke matthias of austria worked with william of orange a proposed template of Paix de religion which called for restoration of catholic worship where it had been suppressed in holland and zeeland as well as introduction of reformed worship.  This was accepted by a number of local govts (including brussels and mechelen).  
• William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702),^[2] also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death. Popular histories usually refer to his joint reign with his wife, Queen Mary II, as that of William and Mary. As King of Scotland, he is known as William II.^[3] He is sometimes informally known as "King Billy" in Ireland and Scotland.^[4] His victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is still commemorated by unionists, who display orange colours in his honour. William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, who died a week before his birth, and Mary, Princess of Orange, the daughter of King Charles I of England.
• https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-Dutch-react-to-William-of-Orange-becoming-the-King-of-England When he got back they gave him a hero’s welcome complete with triumphal medals and all that. After all he firmly got the English in the Anti-France league which would contain Louis XIV.

- Simon Stevin (Dutch: [ˈsimɔn ˈsteːvɪn]; 1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician,physicist and military engineer. He was active in a great many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical. He also translated various mathematical terms into Dutch, making it one of the few European languages in which the word for mathematics, wiskunde(wis and kunde, i.e., "the knowledge of what is certain"), was not a loanword from Greek but a calque via Latin.
- Halbe Zijlstra (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɑlbə ˈzɛilstraː]; born 21 January 1969) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Third Rutte cabinet from 26 October 2017 until 13 February 2018. He was the leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy group in the House of Representatives from 1 November 2012 16 March 2017 and a member of the House of Representatives from 20 September 2012 to 26 October 2017 and previously from 30 November 2006 until 14 October 2010. He served as State secretary for Education, Culture and Science in the First Rutte cabinet from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. Halbe Zijlstra was born on 21 January 1969 in Oosterwolde in the Netherlands.^[2] His father was a police detective.^[2] He attended secondary education at vwo level and studied sociology at the University of Groningen, after which he worked for several companies.Since 26 October 2017, Zijlstra has been serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the third government of Prime Minister Mark Rutte.

• In February 2018 he admitted that he lied about meeting with Russian president Vladimir Putin in 2006, during his earlier carreer. While speaking at a VVD conference in 2016, Zijlstra said that he heard Putin speaking about 'Great Russia' in 2006, suggesting imperialistic ambitions. He said to a newspaper that he visited Putin in his home in 2006. Putin spoke about 'Great Russia', and when asked what he meant with that term, he responded: "Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the Baltic States. And oh yes, Kazakhstan was 'nice to have'," Zijlstra said. In 2018 he corrected that statement that a source had told him about these alleged statements. "The geopolitical meaning of those words was and is great. I therefore thought it was politically important to make these statements public. The source that told me about Putin's quotation confirmed the events to the Volkskrant, and appreciates the fact that I guarantee anonymity." Former Shell CEO Jeroen van der Veer, who attended several talks with Putin, is the source of the story. Van der Veer told the events to Zijlstra in 2014 but clarified in an e-mail to De Volkskrant that Putin's 2006 remarks were "meant historically" and "not by himself" interpreted in the sense of "aggression". On 13 February 2018, Zijlstra announced his resignation as Minister of Foreign Affairs in an address to the House of Representatives.

- Sigrid A. M. Kaag (born 2 November 1961) is a Dutch diplomat and politician serving as Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation in the Third Rutte cabinet as of 26 October 2017 on behalf of the liberal Democrats 66 party. Previously she was working for the United Nations. From January 2015 until October 2017 she served as the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL). Prior to that she served as Under Secretary-General and Special Coordinator of the United Nations – Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (UN-OPCW) Joint Mission to eliminate the declared chemical weapons programme of the Syrian Arab Republic between October 2013 and September 2014. Until her mission in Syria she was employed as Assistant Secretary-General and Assistant Administrator and Director of the Bureau of External Relations and Advocacy of the United Nations Development Programme.

• Kaag was born in 1961, in Rijswijk, as the daughter of a classical pianist. She grew up in Zeist and initially studied Arabic Linguistics and Philology at the Leiden University, but switched her study to The American University in Cairo where she obtained a B.A. degree in Middle East Studies in 1985. She subsequently earned an M.Phil. degree in International Relations from St Antony's College, University of Oxford in 1987, and an M.A. degree in Politics and Economics of the Middle East from the University of Exeter in 1988. She also received foreign relations training at the Clingendael Institute in The Hague, and studied at the French École nationale d'administration (ENA).

- daniel de blocq van scheltinga, Co-Chair of the China Committee, Dutch Chamber of Commerce in HK contributed an article to SCMP on 27Mar14 to support the construction of incinerator

- Ester van Steekelenburg, Dutch urban planner based in hk

• http://www.scmp.com/property/international/article/1679268/value-keeping-asias-cultural-heritage-alive

Sea level problem
- to build new stretch of dunes and beaches along northwestern coastal area by 2016 china daily 6nov14 page15

immigration

-https://dutchreview.com/expat/moving/how-to-get-dutch-citizenship-2020/

racial discrimination
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21635517-worsening-clash-over-tradition-and-racial-sensitivities-blacked-up

food culture
- https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-food-in-the-low-countries-Belgium-Netherlands-so-bad-compared-to-that-of-France-which-is-so-nearby

language

- french

• https://www.quora.com/Is-the-French-language-on-the-decline-in-Europe-or-is-it-stable-in-Europe In the Dutch schools French language has been declining in popularity since the 70s. It has even fallen by 20% since 2000. French was popular in the 70s, because it was a diplomatic language and French was highly regarded in Europe at the time. A few years ago the France government closed the Maison Descartes in Amsterdam. This French Institute for language and culture was opened in the 70s. Through the Maison Descartes, the French government wanted to strengthen mutual relations with the Netherlands and promote French culture to the Dutch public. They organised language courses and programs on French history.Now that this institute is closed, the entire collection of 14,000 books has been transferred to the municipal library of Amsterdam. Not only did the books move to the central library, also the French cultural activities that were previously organized at Maison Descartes are moving with them. However, now on a much smaller scale. The 16th century monumental building on the Vijzelgracht in Amsterdam, where the French institute of culture was located for decades. The historic building was an old Walloon orphanage from 1683. Until 1967 it served as an orphanage and was owned by the Walloon Church (Èglise Wallonne).

Dutch (language)
- reform

• https://www.quora.com/Has-any-country-ever-simplified-the-complicated-grammar-of-its-native-language-to-make-it-easier-to-learn

- https://www.quora.com/Why-do-the-English-call-Dutch-the-language-spoken-in-the-Netherlands
- http://stuffdutchpeoplelike.com/2016/03/08/funny-dutch-expressions/
- https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Dutch-people-swear-in-English/answer/Eric-Truebenbach

- g, ch sound

• https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-Dutch-is-the-easiest-European-language-for-native-English-speakers-to-learn Every “g” and “ch” (which are frequent) sounds like you are choking on your own phlegm. [from comments section ] Thr guttural G and CH sounds are optional becsuse they are a regional variant. They are used in the northern and western part of the Netherlands where the largest cities are so I understand why they would be part of the “public image” of our language but they are not present in the accents of the southern provinces and of Belgium.

- o, u sounds

• https://www.quora.com/Do-Dutch-people-pronounce-the-letter-u-as-an-o

- s sound

• https://www.quora.com/Why-do-the-Dutch-pronounce-s-and-z-as-sh-and-j-like-in-French-respectively-Is-there-any-rule-to-this

- v,w sound

• https://www.quora.com/How-do-you-know-when-a-w-in-Dutch-is-pronounced-as-a-v-or-w

- z sound

• https://www.quora.com/Why-do-the-Dutch-pronounce-s-and-z-as-sh-and-j-like-in-French-respectively-Is-there-any-rule-to-this

- country, place names

• Engeland

- vocab

• Den Haag , officieel 's-Gravenhage - hague
• Vaal means grey, eg name of river in south africa 
• Yonkers (/ˈjɒŋkərz/^[5]) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. The land on which the city is built was once part of a Dutch 24,000-acre (97-square-kilometer) land grant called Colen Donck.  In July 1645, this area was granted to Adriaen van der Donck, the patroon of Colendonck. Van der Donck was known locally as the Jonkheer or Jonker (etymologically, "young gentleman," derivation of old Dutch jong(young) and heer ("lord"); in effect, "Esquire"), a word from which the name "Yonkers" is directly derived.

- relation with other languages

• https://www.quora.com/Are-Afrikaans-Dutch-and-Flemish-mutually-intelligible
• *******https://www.quora.com/Instead-of-calling-it-Flemish-and-Afrikaans-why-dont-Belgium-South-Africa-just-call-it-Dutch-as-it-is-essentially-the-same-language-How-does-the-spoken-Dutch-in-the-former-overseas-colonies-also-differ-from-the-Netherlands-itself
• the French language continue to lives on in the Dutch language. The Dutch language has more then hundreds of French loan words that are used in daily conversations  https://www.quora.com/Is-the-French-language-on-the-decline-in-Europe-or-is-it-stable-in-Europe
• words similar to english
• https://www.quora.com/Which-language-is-closer-to-English-Dutch-or-German

- futurelearn course

• audio links

• https://ugc.futurelearn.com/uploads/files/b7/4c/b74c64e5-78ff-4843-aeaa-78295928b32c/Week_1_-_dialogen.mp3
•  https://ugc.futurelearn.com/uploads/files/b2/35/b235f7cf-8645-4bda-94ed-dea68fedbb27/week1-dialogue3.mp3

• https://quizlet.com/join/RUHpx3ukh

Hand gestures
- http://dutchreview.com/culture/5-dutch-hand-gestures/

Literature
- The Flying Dutchman (Dutch: De VliegendeHollander) is a legendary ghost ship that can never make port and is doomed to sail the oceans forever. The myth is likely to have originated from 17th-century nautical folklore. The oldest extant version dates to the late 18th century. Sightings in the 19th and 20th centuries reported the ship to be glowing with ghostly light. If hailed by another ship, the crew of the Flying Dutchman will try to send messages to land, or to people long dead. In ocean lore, the sight of this phantom ship is a portentof doom.



Art
-**** Pieter Bruegel (also Brueghel) the Elder(Dutch: [ˈpitər ˈbrøːɣəl]; c. 1525 – 9 September 1569) was a Netherlandish Renaissance painter and printmaker fromBrabant, known for his landscapes andpeasant scenes (so called genre painting). He is sometimes referred to as the "Peasant Bruegel". From 1559, he dropped the 'h' from his name and signed his paintings as Bruegel.

• To noteThe Tower of Babel (1563, large version), Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
• 勃魯蓋爾是西方美術史上第一位偉大的「農民畫家」，細膩捕捉了前人所漠視的農村生活場景。《農民婚禮》的「謎」就在於誰是新郎。微閉雙目的新娘位於畫面視覺中心，且有綠色帷幕映襯，十分醒目。而新郎就不那麼明確了。是與新娘隔着一人狼吞虎嚥的那位？是與新娘隔桌對面、憂愁看着天花板的那位？還是在桌角忙着遞餐盤的那位？http://www.takungpao.com.hk/culture/237141/2021/0312/561923.html

christianity
- The Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930.^[1] It was the foremost Protestant denomination, and—since 1892—one of the two major Reformed denominations along with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.

• in 1966, The Dutch Reformed Church financed the building of a new hostel in Kwun Tong to accommodate 110 boys. It was named “Holland Hostel” in honour of the donor.http://www.hksas.org.hk/en_history.html

national flag

- orange stripe until mid 17th c

History
- etymology

• https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-Netherlands-named-Holanda-in-Portuguese-and-Spanish The country is called formally “Reino dos Países Baixos” (Kingdom of the Low Lands) for as long as its history is recorded, but since the name is too long and too prone to misunderstandings, people opted for shorter names for everyday usage. There was a time, before the independence of Belgium, when the Dutch were called “flamengos” (Flemish) and another when they were called “batavos” (Batavians). But a crucial change happened in the 17th century, when the Dutch tried to settle North-East Brazil. Since most of the noblemen involved in the enterprise were from Holland (one of the Low Countries), and also most of the colonists they brought, this cemented on popular imagination the name of “Holanda” for their country of origin. Which is easier to pronounce than “Flandres” or “Batávia” (not to mention it sounds a lot better). There are other examples of country misnomers in popular use. Many people still conflate “Inglaterra” (England) with the United Kingdom because “Grã Bretanha” sounds too alien and “Reino Unido” sounds meaningless. The Soviet Union was often called “Russia” back in the day. And God forbid you from trying to understand the mess we used to make out of Turkey, Arabia, Persia and whatnot, all the way to India.

- From the 15th century onwards, the Great Council of the Netherlands at Mechelen (Dutch: De Grote Raad der Nederlanden te Mechelen; French: le grand conseil des Pays-Bas à Malines; German: der Grosse Rat der Niederlände zu Mecheln) was the highest court in the Burgundian Netherlands. It was responsible for the Dutch-, French- and German-speaking areas. In Luxembourgish the phrase "mir ginn op Mechelen" (we'll go to Mechelen) still means playing one's last trump card. The Grote Raad first sat in the Schepenhuis in Mechelen then, from 1616, in the (old) palace of Margaretha of Austria on Keizerstraat.The medieval rulers were assisted by advisers. Together with the ruler they formed the Council of State, also called the consilium or curia. Gradually the council became more specialised, with separate financial, judicial and political council emerging.In the Burgundian Netherlands, the councils initially travelled with the Duke. In 1473 Duke Charles the Bold decided to establish the council in a specific location, in Mechelen. The council took on the name of the Parliament of Mechelen. After Charles' death in 1477, this parliament was abolished by Charles' daughter Mary of Burgundy on the occasion of the issuing of the Great Privilege. This was the result of the constant struggle between the centralisation of the rulers and the particularism of the states. The French king was also against a parliament in Mechelen, as it would become a rival of the Parliament of Paris. Nonetheless, under Philip the Fair, the Great Council was again established in Mechelen in 1504, this time permanently, but without the addition of parliament to its name.In the 16th century the territorial powers of the Great council grew. Through the establishment of authority by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor over Tournai, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel and Guelders, the council's territory now included all of the Seventeen Provinces. In 1526 the construction of a new Seat for the Great Council started by the architect and Master Mason Rombout II Keldermans. This Brabantine Gothic project was abandoned in 1547 —with little more than the ground floor built.^[1][2] The council was losing power and influence. After the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch Republicbecame independent. In the Northern Netherlands, the judicial power was taken over by the provincial council and the Supreme court of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland (1582). The Great Council of Mechelen remained active in the remaining Southern Netherlands, of which France annexed the southern province of Artois and parts of Flanders, Hainaut and Luxembourg. A number of provincial councils declared themselves independent from the Great Council: in the beginning of the 16th century the councils of Brabant and Hainaut did this, and in the late 18th century (1782) the judicial councils of Luxembourg and Tournai as well. This left the Great Council only Flanders, Mechelen, Namur and Upper Guelders. The Great Council was abolished during the French Revolution. During the first French invasion in 1792, the Council moved to Roermond, where it watched over the last unoccupied lands, the twelve remaining municipalities of Austrian Guelders. During the second French invasion in 1794, part of the council members moved to Regensburg and Augsburg, in imperial territory; another part chose for the new regime and became part of the new judicial organisation.

• https://www.quora.com/How-old-do-you-think-European-countries-really-are

- united netherlands

• Seventeen Provinces (1482–1581), a precursor state to the three modern states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg

• The Union of Utrecht (Dutch: Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Twelve Years' Truce in 1609. The treaty was signed on 23 January by Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht (but not all of Utrecht) and the province (but not the city) of Groningen. The treaty was a reaction of the Protestantprovinces to the 1579 Union of Arras (Dutch: Unie van Atrecht), in which the southern provinces declared their support for Roman Catholic Spain (also confirmation of Habsburg overlordship). During the following months of 1579, other states signed the treaty as well

•  距今四百五十年前的一五六八年，信奉加尔文教的荷兰七省结成乌特勒支同盟，反抗信奉天主教的西班牙国王腓力二世的统治，爆发了长达八十年的独立战争，直至一六四八年以七省胜利并宣告建立荷兰共和国而告终。我们今天所谓的“荷兰绘画的黄金时代”横贯这场战争的始末，直至一七一五年以荷兰共和国宣告破产而画上句点。一五八五年，彼时世界上最重要的港口安特卫普被西班牙军队攻陷，导致大量居住在安特卫普的商人和居民逃往当时还仅是小渔村的荷兰阿姆斯特丹港。同时拥有得天独厚的航海技术和海上霸权使得对外贸易在阿姆斯特丹如火如荼地展开，间接促成了这个小渔村在十七世纪取代安特卫普成为全球最重要的港口。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180115/PDF/b8_screen.pdf
• reaffirmation of provincial and municipal privileges, remained silent on the question of Habsburg overlordship 
• act of abjuration (plakkaat van verlatinghe) issued on 26jul1581 declared the kings' sovereignty forfeit and willy-nilly set the northern provinces on a path toward republican independence 
• serve as constitutional framework for newly independent dutch republic 

• Republic of the Seven United Netherlands or Dutch Republic, (1581–1795), a precursor state of the Netherlands
• Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815), a precursor state of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (its territory corresponded roughly to that of the Netherlands)
• United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839), a precursor state of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
• Note that there is a map of united netherlands in johannes vermeer's "art of painting" (1666- 1667)

- in 1577 a radical calvinist movement seized control of city of ghent, establishing a calvinist republic and sparked a broader civil war in southern provinces between zealous calvinists and ardent defenders of both catholicism and spanish rule.
- during 1590s, as renewed war in france once again deflected spanish resources, the rebel provinces won their de facto, if not yet de jure, independence from spain, and the united provinces soon emerged as a major european power, with reformed protestantism as its public church.

• roman catholic worship was relocated to the privacy of barn/chapel/schuikerk. Catholic landlords who sheltered these chapels apparently paid "recognition" fees to local authorities

- The Synod of Dort (also known as the Synod of Dordt or the Synod of Dordrecht) was an international Synod held in Dordrecht in 1618–1619, by the Dutch Reformed Church, to settle a divisive controversy initiated by the rise of Arminianism. The first meeting was on 13 November 1618 and the final meeting, the 154th, was on 9 May 1619. Voting representatives from eight foreign Reformed churches were also invited. Dort was a contemporary English term for the town of Dordrecht(and it remains the local colloquial pronunciation). In 2014 the first entire critical edition of the Acts and Documents of the Synod was published.

• Arminianism is based on theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609) and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants. His teachings held to the five solae of the Reformation, but they were distinct from particular teachings of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin, and other Protestant Reformers. Jacobus Arminius (Jakob Harmenszoon) was a student of Theodore Beza (Calvin's successor) at the Theological University of Geneva. Arminianism is known to some as a soteriological diversification of Protestant Calvinist Christianity. However, to others, Arminianism is a reclamation of early Church theological consensus.

- The Batavian Republic (Dutch: Bataafse Republiek; French: République Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795, and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis I to the throne of Holland. From October 1801 onward, it was known as the Batavian Commonwealth (Dutch: Bataafs Gemenebest). Both names refer to the Germanic tribe of the Batavi, representing both the Dutch ancestry and their ancient quest for liberty in their nationalistic lore.

• motto is Equality, Liberty, Fraternity

EU
- https://www.ft.com/content/713641f0-bd4e-11e6-8b45-b8b81dd5d080 The Netherlands has threatened to scupper a trade and security deal between the Ukraine and the EU unless it receives legally binding guarantees at a summit of European leaders next week. In an interview with the Financial Times, Mark Rutte, Dutch prime minister, outlined his demands for a decision signed by EU heads of government, making clear that the “association agreement” will not create a defence guarantee for Ukraine or be a step towards its eventual membership of the bloc.

Russia
- Grieving Dutch reconsider relationship with Russia
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b901e0a8-13f4-11e4-8485-00144feabdc0.html#axzz38XZwtngi

uk
- Andrew Marvell (/ˈmɑːrvəl/; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an English metaphysical poet, satirist and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period he was a colleague and friend of John Milton. His poems range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations of an aristocratic country house and garden in "Upon Appleton House" and "The Garden", the political address "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal and political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".During the period of increasing tensions leading up to the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652, Marvell wrote the satirical "Character of Holland," repeating the then-current stereotype of the Dutch as "drunken and profane": "This indigested vomit of the Sea,/ Fell to the Dutch by Just Propriety."


spain
- The Twelve Years' Truce was the name given to the cessation of hostilities between the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Southern Netherlands and the Dutch Republic as agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 (coinciding with the Royal Decree of Expulsion of the Moriscos).^[1] It was a watershed in the Eighty Years' War, marking the point from which the independence of the United Provinces received formal recognition by outside powers.

• without explicitly mentioning either the east or west indies, article 4 of the twelve year truce applied the possession principle to designate the limit of free trade overseas: where the spanish actually possessed lands beyond europe, dutch traders would be excluded without express permission; where there was no actual possession, dutch traders were free to make agreements with local potentates. That the dutch were still dissatisfied with the vague language of the fourth article is suggested by their insistence on a secret agreement, which should "be regarded as inserted in and forming part of the principal treaty"
• silent on the matter of religion
• Soon after the Truce, the Dutch emissaries in Paris and London were accorded full ambassadorial status. The Republic established diplomatic ties with the Republic of Venice, the Moroccan sultans and the Ottoman Empire. A network of consuls was set up in the main ports. On 17 June 1609 France and England had signed a treaty, guaranteeing the independence of the Republic. To protect their interests in the Baltic, the United Provinces signed a defensive pact with the Hanseatic League in 1614 that was designed to protect them against Danish aggression.The Truce did not halt Dutch colonial expansion. The United East India Company established its presence on the island of Solor, founded the town of Batavia on the island of Java and gained a foothold on the Coromandel Coast in Pulicat. In the New World, the Republic encouraged the colonization of New Netherland. The Dutch merchant navy expanded rapidly, asserting itself on new routes, particularly in the Mediterranean. The official embargo on trade with the Americas had ended, but the colonists now imposed their own "unofficial" one, limiting Dutch trade with Caracas and the Amazon region. Temporary setbacks in the Indies caused the price of VOC shares on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange to fall from a high of 200 in 1608 to 132 after the Truce started. The Zeeland transit traffic to the Southern Netherlands declined sharply. On the other hand, the lifting of the Dutch blockade of Antwerp and the Flemish coast helped revive the trade in Flemish textile products, just as the Flemish textile industry experienced a revival itself. In the Republic, ports profited from the expansion of trade. Brewing towns such as Delft or textile producing centers like Leiden and Gouda on the other hand, suffered from the competition of goods produced with cheaper wages in the Habsburg Netherlands.
• During the Truce, two factions emerged in the Dutch Republic. The divisions separating them were religious as well as political. The unity of the Dutch Reformed Church was threatened by a controversy that found its origins in the opposing views of Jacobus Arminius and Franciscus Gomarus on predestination.

italy
- sicily

• In the English Civil War, the Isles of Scilly became the last refuge of the Royalists. As a result, its government ended up at war with the Parliamentary-supporting Netherlands. The issue was that the Isles of Scilly had no army, or navy, or any military at all. Meanwhile the Netherlands just couldn’t care less.And so there was no fighting.The issue was that there was never a formal peace either. Years then decades then centuries passed while both sides forgot they were at war.Hence it ended up lasting over 300 years, only ending in 1986 when the chairman of the Isles of Scilly council wrote to the Netherlands regarding peace and ended up finally signing a treaty.https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-longest-war-and-why

jews
- like the french, several dutch cities had been welcoming crypto-jewish refugees from portugal in last decades of 16th c, and in 1602 the growing jewish community in amsterdam installed their first rabbi, marking their important transition from clandestine dissimulation as new christians to initially private worship as jews.  By 1612,construction of a public synagogue begun, and in 1649 a second was added; in 1660 and 1671 synagogues were also built for growing polish and german communities of ashkenazi jews.

morocco
- http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/geert-wilders-moroccan-slum-election-campaign-launch-netherlands-holland-dutch-islamophobia-a7587711.html Mr Wilders called his campaign “historic” and, in an echo of Donald Trump's successful US election campaign, asked his voters to “make the Netherlands ours again”. He reiterated a controversial statement on Moroccan immigrants to the Netherlands, calling them “Moroccan scum” – a subtle variation on the “fewer, fewer Moroccans” chant that saw him convicted of inciting discrimination late last year.

India

-  While much is known about the Dutch connection with Indonesia, their relationship with India isn’t as widely spoken about. Dutch voyagers camped on the shores of India for a solid 200 years, so it certainly was no simple layover.

Textiles and spices made the biggest buck for Dutch traders and as they acquired larger parts of the country, labourers were employed, transported and traded in. That is how an entire generation of people with Indian origin came to live in Suriname and subsequently in the Netherlands.Eustachius de Lannoy, a Dutch war prisoner who was handpicked by a strategic Indian Maharaja (king) to be his general.His ladylove Margaret lived in the British controlled territory of India and wasn’t allowed to marry him. That is, until de Lannoy’s boss stepped in. The Maharajathreatened to send his army over if Margaret’s parents didn’t agree to this union! Subsequently, they lived happily ever after.   
the mundane ontbijtkoek is a celebratory breakfast on feestdagen in parts of India and Sri Lanka? Breudher (like brood) is made with flour, butter, spices and sometimes bananas/candied citrus peels to lend extra flavour. The result is a dense bread that tastes like cake.Where the Dutch have been, so have Poffertjes — the dish that disguises itself as breakfast, snack and desert. Many countries in Asia practice this love for baby pancakes, albeit in different names and forms.

India has its own version of this Dutch delight and their take is even more varied. It goes by several names in every part of the country. Paniyaram (the name I have been accustomed to) is popular in the south of the country which celebrates rice, spice and everything nice.Naturally, it is made with a fermented batter of rice, sweetened with brown sugar, spiced with cardamom. This is shallow-fried in an indented pan with clarified butter to make delicious golden-brown balls, not too different from poffertjes.https://dutchreview.com/culture/netherlands-india-history-culture/

Japan

- between 1641 and 1853, the Dutch were the only Western power allowed to trade with Japan, becoming the gate to the outside world for the Japanese — especially through the VOC. Western science spread to Japan through the port in Dejima, with the term rangaku (Dutch learning) being used to describe this phenomenon.

In its early stages, the process developed quite slowly. Every year, the Dutch would make a visit to the Shogun, bringing with them the world news and different kinds of novelties as gifts. Eventually, the Dutch were allowed to conduct private trade in Dejima, leading to a flourishing market, which highly benefited employees of the VOC.

After the opening of a surgeon’s post on the island, high-ranking Japanese officials would come for treatment when their own local doctors failed. A well-known foreign doctor at the time was the German-born Caspar Schamberger, who brought with him knowledge of treatments, medicine, and medical books.Siebold also sent shipments of Japanese cultural and botanical artefacts back to Europe, and on a visit to the Shogun, he illegally received maps of Japan from a member of the court. He was caught and subsequently exiled from Japan, leaving behind his lover and his daughter. He eventually settled in Leiden and today you can find his entire collection of artifacts brought from Japan in the Sieboldhuis in Leiden.https://dutchreview.com/culture/dutch-japanese-relations/?fbclid=IwAR0pHYLxPFJzGiL7qVvL20NnrqMpZ5cPIPDj02LOWL1xV6Emfw_PgVrqIxA

- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160303/00180_007.html 荷蘭一名九旬老翁於二戰將近終結時，在日本長崎淪為戰俘之際，因美軍投下的原子彈而暴露在輻射之中，對身體造成永久性傷害。回國後一直得不到醫療補償的他，其律師前日表示該名老翁終於獲得一百一十萬日圓（約七萬四千港元）賠償，為首位獲賠償的前戰俘。


Indonesia
- historical ties

• The Dutch Food Renaissance came in the early 20th century. As Indonesian and Chinese people from our colonies started to settle in the Netherlands, they brought their food with them. This resulted in the typically Dutch dish of “Babi panggang speciaal”, and nowadays there are literally Chinese restaurants to be found in even the smallest Dutch village.https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-food-in-the-low-countries-Belgium-Netherlands-so-bad-compared-to-that-of-France-which-is-so-nearby

- http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1735343/netherlands-court-rules-widows-and-children-executed-indonesian-freedom
- arts

• At Polak Works of Art one will find an eclectic collection from all over the world of every period; European and Oriental works of art, tribal art, Indian miniature paintings, sculptures and objet d’art. It also houses an extensive and important archive on Indo Javenese Art, known as The Documentation Centre for Ancient Indonesian Art. The gallery is situated in a canal house near the Rijksmuseum in the centre of Amsterdam. http://www.polakworksofart.com/About

chinese

- De geschiedenis van de Chinezen in Nederland beschrijft de geschiedenis hoe de Chinezennaar Nederland zijn gekomen en hoe het in Nederland verder is vergaan.  De Chinese bevolkingsgroep in Nederland voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog viel uiteen in twee groepen: Peranakan-Chinese studenten uit toenmalig Nederlands-Indië, en Chinese arbeiders in de havens van Amsterdam en Rotterdam.De eerste groep behoorde tot de grote minderheid van Chinezen in Nederlands-Indië. 'Peranakan' was het Maleise woord voor 'afstammeling', en zij werden zo genoemd omdat ze afstamden van Chinese immigranten die al vele generaties in de Nederlandse kolonie leefden. Evenals de Indonesische elite stuurden de rijkste Peranakan-Chinezen hun kinderen naar Nederland om te studeren, en een goede carrière in Nederlands-Indië veilig te stellen.In de eerste jaren van de twintigste eeuw studeerden ongeveer 50 peranakan studenten in Nederland, en na de Eerste Wereldoorlog groeide hun aantal tot jaarlijks gemiddelde van ongeveer 150 personen. Velen volgden een rechtenstudie aan de Universiteit Leiden, maar ook medicijnen in Amsterdam, technische studies in Delft en economie in Rotterdam waren populair.In 1911 richtten peranakan-studenten de Chinese vereniging Chung Hwa Hui (CHH) op, in navolging van de Tiong Hoa-beweging in Nederlands-Indië en de opkomst van de Kwomintang in China. Kennelijk voelden zij zich niet aangetrokken tot de Indische Vereeniging die drie jaar daarvoor was opgericht. De CHH zag het als haar taak om de Chinese studenten op te vangen en om gezelligheid en eventueel financiële en praktische steun te bieden. In elke grote universiteitsstad was een afdeling en er waren diverse subcommissies.Via de CHH kwam de peranakan-gemeenschap in Nederland ook in contact met politieke en sociale bewegingen van Chinezen en anti-kolonialen in Europa. Zo bestonden er banden met de Franse afdeling van de Kwomintang, met Chinese studentenverenigingen in België, Duitsland en Groot-Brittannië, en met de Liga tegen Imperialisme en Koloniale Onderdrukking, die in 1927 in Brussel werd opgericht.In Nederland onderhield ze (soms gespannen) relaties met de Perhimpoenan Indonesia en zette ze zich in voor het welzijn van de tweede groep Chinezen in Nederland: de zeelieden.
- https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3019557/chinese-architects-tornado-inspired-staircase-take Why has a Chinese architect been chosen to put a spiralling viewpoint in the Netherlands’ first migration museum? Because the Fenix – a historic, harbourside warehouse that will house the museum – stands in what was one of Europe’s oldest Chinatowns.Beijing-based Ma Yansong, founder of MAD Architects, will add a “theatrical staircase” to Rotterdam’s Landverhuizersmuseum, eddying through the centre of the building to a rooftop observation deck. Today, the old storehouse sits among the dockland cafes and bars of the Katendrecht, a hip, post-industrial area on the southern banks of Rotterdam’s harbour. Rehabilitation of the once desolate waterfront area – ravaged by fire and war – began in 2007, and will continue with the Fenix’s restoration. Ma – China’s “starchitect” and “the first to conquer the West”, as one Dutch paper recently declared – says the commission came out of a chance meeting in Berlin last year with the Dutch art historian Wim Pijbes. For Pijbes, managing director of the Droom en Daad Foundation (Dream and Do Foundation) behind the renovation, Ma was the natural choice because of Katendrecht’s history of Chinese migration.Its history ties in with the arrival and departure of thousands of transatlantic passengers from the surrounding riverbank embarkation points around this time. Among them were hundreds of Chinese sailors, who worked on the steamships of big shipping companies. In the 1920s, some 2,500 Chinese, mostly seafarers and their families, lived in Katendrecht.

China
- policy document

• https://www.government.nl/documents/policy-notes/2019/05/15/china-strategy-the-netherlands--china-a-new-balance

- visit by royalty/head of state

• 國家主席習近平和夫人彭麗媛昨日在中南海會見荷蘭國王威廉-亞歷山大和王后馬克茜瑪。國務院總理李克強昨日下午在人民大會堂會見荷蘭國王威廉-亞歷山大。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/02/08/a18-0208.pdf

- visit by leaders

• 當地時間10月14日下午，應荷蘭首相呂特邀請，中國國務院總理李克強乘專機抵達阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場，開始對荷蘭進行正式訪問。這是李克強首次到訪荷蘭，也是中國總理時隔14年再次到訪。官方透露，訪問期間，雙方將簽署涵蓋海關、航空、能源、金融等領域的一系列合作協議。14日，李克強在《歐洲時報》發表題為《故友新知 共創未來》的署名文章指出，面對當今世界的新問題，中荷要攜手合作捍衛多邊秩序，相信敢為人先的荷蘭將在中國新一輪改革開放進程中搶佔先機。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181015/PDF/a6_screen.pdf

•  雙方並就共同關心的國際地區問題交換意見。會談後，李克強同呂特共同見證了兩國經貿、金融、能源、農業等領域多項合作文件的簽署。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/16/a07-1016.pdf
•  當地時間10月16日中午，中國國務院總理李克強在海 牙市立博物館與荷蘭首相呂特共同出席中國─荷蘭經貿論壇並發表主旨 演講。李克強表示，我同呂特首相剛剛共同見證了兩國企業界近百億美 元合作協議的簽署，兩國政府願為雙方企業合作創造公開透明的營商環 境。中國將繼續擴大對外開放力度，採取進一步措施擴大市場准入。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181017/PDF/a7_screen.pdf

- 中荷15份合作文件一覽表 http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/10/27/a14-1027.pdf

• 《中荷兩國政府關於相互設立貿易促進機構的協議》
• 《中國國家食品藥品監督總局與荷蘭衛生、福利和體育部諒解備忘錄》
• 《中國國家質檢總局與荷蘭食品消費者安全監管局關於推進消費品安全聯合監管行動的合作意向書》
• 《中荷兩國政府關於合作拍攝電影的協議》
• 《中國國家質檢總局與荷蘭經濟事務部甜椒輸華植物衛生要求的議定書》
• 《中國航天局與荷蘭航天局關於探測與和平利用外層空間合作的諒解備忘錄》
• 《中國國家林業局和荷蘭經濟事務部關於共同推進大熊貓保護合作的諒解備忘錄》
• 《中國野生動物保護協會與荷蘭歐維漢（音）動物園關於開展大熊貓保護研究合作的協議》
• 《中國國家自然科學基金委員會與荷蘭科學研究組織科學合作與交流諒解備忘錄》
• 《中國國家開發銀行與荷蘭國家貿易促進委員會合作備忘錄》
• 《中國進出口銀行和荷蘭安智銀行船舶及海工融資10億美元融資戰略合作協議》
• 《北京銀行與荷蘭安智銀行關於設立合資直銷銀行的諒解備忘錄》
• 《中荷空間光學聯合試驗室項目合作意向書》
• 《關於建立煙台格羅寧根大學的合作協議》
• 《中國工業和信息化部與荷蘭經濟事務部關於民用航空工業領域開展合作的諒解備忘錄》

- eu relations via netherlands

• Liu Haixing, director-general of the Department of European Affairs of the Foreign Ministry, told reporters after the meeting that China expects the Netherlands to "play an active role" in pushing forward China-EU relations when it takes the EU presidency in the first half of next year. "Especially on some projects of common interest for China and the EU," he said, citing negotiations on the China-EU investment agreement and studies of China-EU free trade. http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2015-10/27/content_15334916.html

- africa

• 國際竹藤組織、中國國家林業局和荷蘭外交部代表昨日召開會議稱，將聯手啟動價值200萬歐元（約1,656萬港元）的非洲竹產業價值鏈與標準化合作項目，以推動非洲的綠色發展。據悉，該項目是「一帶一路」框架下中荷間聯手開發第三國的首次嘗試，而此種新型合作方式將為東非三國竹產業價值鏈發展提供充足的資金、先進的技術和高利潤的出口市場，從而提高竹產品質量和產品附加值。據介紹，非洲竹合作項目將以荷方出資200萬歐元、中方提供條件能力建設與技術支持的方式展開，通過東非地區（埃塞俄比亞、肯尼亞、烏干達）的竹產業價值鏈開發，促進非洲諸產業可持續發展，提高竹區農民收入，進而恢復退化土地及應對氣候變化。中國林業局副局長張永利稱，中國政府願意與荷蘭開展竹產業領域的相關合作，共同推進非洲乃至全球竹藤事業的健康發展。在此項目推動下，荷非新型合作夥伴關係亦將通過南南--南北三方合作，促進中國、歐洲和東非之間的國際貿易投資及綠色經濟發展。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/11/21/a17-1121.pdf

- financial

•  人民銀行5日宣佈，經國務院批准，RQFII（人民幣合格境外機構投資者）試點地區擴大到荷蘭，投資額度為500億元（人民幣，下同）。受訪專家表示，RQFII試點地區擴容，不僅順應了境外人民幣投資內地的需要，更是境內資本市場對外開放的一大舉措，預計新政將對境內股市、債市帶來「需求增加」的效果，且有益於人民幣匯率的穩定。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/06/06/b03-0606.pdf

- tech

• 荷蘭傳媒報道，該國半導體設備製造商艾司摩爾（ASML）位於美國的分公司，被六名擔任研發部門高層的中國籍員工竊取商業機密，並轉交有中國政府資金背景的科技公司XTAL，造成數以億計歐元損失。惟ASML指沒有確實證據顯示涉案員工和中國政府有關。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190412/00180_016.html

- internet

• https://www.facebook.com/hollandinhongkong/photos/ms.c.eJwzNLAwMjI3MzMwtDA0MrE01TOECJhamhqamFoYWcIEzAwgAhYAAfUKJg~-~-.bps.a.1082276571812498.1073741849.229474513759379/1082276601812495/?type=3 strategic partnership of chinacache and ams-ix

- rotterdam terminal

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2016-05/13/content_25246994.htm COSCO Pacific Ltd, a subsidiary of China COSCO Shipping Corp, has signed a share sale andpurchase agreement to buy 35 percent of Euromax Terminal in Rotterdam from a subsidiary ofHutchison Holdings Ltd. The acquisition comprises of 41.43 million euros ($47.34 million) for 35 percent of the sharecapital of Euromax and to pay for assignment on a dollar-for-dollar basis of 35 percent of theshareholder's loan, COSCO Shipping announced on Thursday.  ECT Participations BV is a subsidiary of Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing's Hutchison PortHoldings Ltd, which is a private holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands andmanages port assets in 25 countries and regions.

- oil

• 5月17日，中海殼牌惠州三期乙烯項目戰略合作框架協議簽約活動在北京中海油總部、荷蘭皇家殼牌總部、廣東廣州三地舉行 「雲簽約」。http://hk.hkcd.com/pdf/202005/0518/HZ12518CHBB_HKCD.pdf

- coal

• 中國北京低碳清潔能源研究院與荷蘭埃因霍芬理工大學等機構的研究人員合作開發出一種新型催化劑，可大幅降低煤間接液化成本，為捕集與利用煤液化過程中產生的二氧化碳打開了新的大門。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/14/a06-1014.pdf

- lithium

• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/18/a05-1018.pdf 綜合英國《金融時報》及彭博報道，荷蘭電池公司Lithium Werks將投資16億歐元（約合144.67億港元）在中國興建鋰離子電池工廠，該交易是在李克強訪問荷蘭期間簽署的。由Booking.com前首席執行官基斯．庫倫（Kees Koolen）今年創立的Lithium Werks指出，這家佔地60公頃的工廠每年將生產電池8吉瓦時，足夠為數十萬輛汽車提供動力。

- medical

• 广州中山大学附属第一医院何晓顺教授团队首创世界“无缺血”肝移植手术，破解了器官移植的世纪难题，去年7月至今已成功开展了包括香港籍患者在内的数十例“无缺血”肝移植。记者25日从中山一院器官移植中心获悉，世界上最大的移植中心之一、荷兰格罗宁根大学移植中心主任罗伯特．波特（Robert J. Porte）教授率团队近日亦前来“取经”，双方更签订协议，将开展国际合作，把“无缺血”技术和理念推向全球各地。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180326/PDF/a7_screen.pdf

- architecture

• http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201804/17/WS5ad53a94a3105cdcf6518a13.html Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas hosts a marathon talk session on China's rural development as part of the 2018 Wuzhen International Architecture Forum. After focusing on cities and skyscrapers for the past 40 years, Rem Koolhaas, the Pritzker Prize winner and one of the most important architects of his generation, has shifted his attention toward "the rural", a field he has repeatedly described as holding the key to the world's future.

- dutch investors

• http://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2016-06/29/content_15455637.html DSM plans to invest in the fields of production, research and development, and will hire locally, he said. "Many people are concerned that the Chinese economy isn't growing as fast as before, but I think it's still a mid-and-high growth, and no other country can compete (on the same scale)," he said. Earlier this month, the Dutch firm opened a factory in Shanghai to make vitamin B6 products. It is its largest manufacturing base. The company will also export the products to other markets. Vitamin B6 is said to offer a wide range of benefits, including mood control and prevention of mental fatigue. The company is also expanding its manufacturing plant in Tongxiang, Zhejiang province, which produces gellan gum, a stabilizing and texturizing agent used in a wide variety of foods and beverages. DSM is sharpening its focus on solar businesses in China. In 2013, it acquired SolarExcel, a Dutch producer of energy-enhancing foils for solar panels.

- investors from china

• Cofco, the state-backed Chinese food group, on Tuesday took a significant step towards becoming one of the world’s leading agricultural traders by outlining an agreement to secure full ownership of Nidera, the Dutch grain dealer.https://www.ft.com/content/dc7a2126-6938-11e6-ae5b-a7cc5dd5a28c

- sinologist

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170113/PDF/b12_screen.pdf高罗佩Robert Hans van Gulik是荷兰的一位已故职业外交官，从一九三五年起开始外交生涯，曾任荷兰驻美国大使馆参赞、驻日本军事代表团政治顾问、驻印度大使馆参赞和驻马来亚（马来西亚前身）大使、驻日本兼驻韩国大使。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170114/PDF/b7_screen.pdf

Hong Kong
- historical ties

•  fusion version of babi panggang became popular in the Netherlands and Flanders through so-called "Chinese-Indonesian restaurants", common in the Netherlands since the late 1960s and early 1970s. These restaurants are mainly owned and run by immigrants from Hong Kong.

- cg in hk

• 1867 C. Bosman, #brucelee great grandfather, Honorary Consul in Hong Kong https://www.facebook.com/hollandinhongkong/photos/a.1083172778389544.1073741851.229474513759379/2171992106174267/
• interview http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/04/27/a30-0427.pdf

- delegation from hk

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170722/00176_123.html 鄉議局早前組團訪問荷蘭同英國，短短八日旅程就有十多項活動，難怪擔任訪歐團團長嘅鄉議局副主席林偉強都大呻冇時間，仲話自己返港後個樣殘晒添！林偉強話，今次行程相當緊密，先後拜訪過多個宗親會及同鄉會，亦出席咗唔少晚宴，最特別係去倫敦北部一個球場上放煙花，當晚仲筵開八十席，真係聽落都覺得熱鬧。佢話今次訪歐並非新鮮事，事關鄉議局每年都有訪問團，今次出訪聽到唔少海外鄉僑意見，佢就直言相當有意義喇！

- investors from netherlands

• black and white milk mother company hket 2dec15 a20

- investors from HK

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150122/PDF/b1_screen.pdf 和黃（00013）旗下屈臣氏集團 宣布，收購荷蘭藥房連鎖店Dirx，惟未有披露作價。交 易完成後，將為集團零售網絡增加50家店舖，這亦是屈 臣氏集團十年以來的首宗收購。hkej 22jan15 a1
• 瑋俊文化投資- the only hk company with franchise of van gogh http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201508/0809/HT04809CSHH.pdf

- horticulture

•  港府在大嶼山竹篙灣預留給香港迪士尼樂園作第二期發展的六十公頃填海土地，空置九年，有私人營辦商計劃向當局短期租用上址數公頃地土興建主題公園，名為 Kaleido Park，寓意萬花筒。公園將集花卉展覽、教育、餐飲及娛樂於一爐，最快明年動工興建。商務及經濟發展局和旅遊發展局均歡迎香港將有首個以鮮花為主題的公 園表示歡迎。不過，亦有立法會議員反對，尹兆堅對這次劃地感到不滿，因港府拒將該幅土地用作建造組合屋解市民住房短缺之急，隱瞞立法會企圖暗渡陳倉，製造既定事實建造鮮花公園。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180619/00176_039.html

• Kaleido Park共同創辦人兼董事總經理方仁傑與荷蘭花藝專家寶賀深（Ibo Gülsen），一八年六月十八日在荷蘭簽署合作備忘協議，宣布擬租用二期用地的十一公頃用地，打造成鮮花主題公園，吸引巿民及遊客。商務及經濟發展局局長邱騰華與荷蘭對外貿易及發展合作大臣Sigrid Kaag亦有出席見證簽署儀式。據介紹鮮花主題公園將引入荷蘭八十多種花卉，預計投資逾億元，惟有關申請已於去年撤回。Kaleido Park回覆本報查詢時指，基於各種原因，的確沒有就有關申請作進一步發展，包括短期租賃年期限制、土地使用及通道規限、缺乏電力和道路等基建設施，而取消申請跟近期社會運動沒關係，園方已申請紅磡用地興建Kaleido Park。另外，其團隊去年十二月在緬甸興建花卉公園，每日超過二萬五千名訪客。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20200105/00176_030.html

- franchisee

• Infinitus holdings / hai cheung trading own van gogh senses which cooperate with van gogh museum

- dutch people in hk

• Raised in the Netherlands, de la Fuente Saez moved to Hong Kong in 1989 with his parents. A graduate of Hotelschool The Hague, de la Fuente Saez quickly veered off from his hospitality path when he was approached by Dah Chong Hong, a Hong Kong conglomerate, to set up its wine and spirits division at the age of 25. After a fallout with Dah Chong Hong, at the age of 27 in 2000, he set out on his own along with a few former colleagues and founded Links Concept, which has since grown to import and distribute wines in Hong Kong, mainland China and Macau, focusing primarily on family-owned wines. In addition to wines, he was an avid art collector and supported a few charitable groups such as Nature Conservancy and the Foodlink Foundation. Patricio is survived by his parents, brother, sister, his wife Alice Wong and their three children, Patito, Isabella and Celina. https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2017/07/hong-kongs-links-concept-co-owner-dies/
• frank van ginkel, kingfisher insurance

• scmp obit 9dec19

• Paul zimmerman

• 司马文的妻子梁凯庭，本身是规划署的城市规划师。资料显示，梁凯庭现时在规划署负责新界区规划部工作，负责屯门及元朗西规划工作，并註明是特别职务。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180311/PDF/a5_screen.pdf

• 來自荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的Spaces，去年收入1.817億英鎊（約18.9億港元），按年急升超過兩倍，管理層預期今年收入有機會進一步增至2.815億英鎊（逾29億港元）。品牌於二○○八年成立，在全球50個國家和地區擁有超過180個據點，去年七月正式進駐香港，現時在港設有五個共享工作空間，分別位處上環、觀塘、黃竹坑、灣仔及銅鑼灣。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190319/00269_001.html

• Spaces是IWG集團旗下品牌之一，後者於一九八九年成立，連同旗下多個共享工作空間或服務式辦公室品牌，現於全球逾110個國家和1,000個城市提供約3,300個地點選擇，讓超過250萬人的工作更有效率。IWG現於倫敦證券交易所上市。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190319/00269_002.html

- hk people in netherlands

• 港女荷蘭帶團賺到手軟http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180115/00269_002.html
• 土生土長的90後港人Wendy，大學畢業後在香港工作了兩年多，於一八年底結婚後，就辭職跟隨丈夫前往荷蘭生活。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200520/00180_018.html

- Dutch days in HK

• http://www.dutchdaysinhongkong.com/ The month of April is known to the Dutch nation as the King’s Day. The Consulate General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands celebrates and dedicates April as the month to hold its inaugural Art & Culture festival in Hong Kong. The festival called the “Dutch Days in Hong Kong” will host a series of events and programmes, taking place in arts and culture spaces all over Hong Kong.
  in the news
• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/04/06/b08-0406.pdf 第二屆香港荷蘭日由昨日起至本 月 27日於香港隆重舉行。今次活動由荷蘭駐港總 領事館及香港亞洲藝術周聯合主辦，一同向大眾展 示及推廣荷蘭的藝術文化。今屆會以「Masters of the Golden Age」為主題舉辦多場博物館研討會， 多家博物館如 Mauritshuis（莫瑞泰斯皇家美術 館）、Het Scheepvaartmuseum（荷蘭國家海事博 物館）及Rijksmuseum（阿姆斯特丹國家博物館） 等單位都會舉辦講座 http://www.dutchdaysinhongkong.com/
• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/04/29/b09-0429.pdf 2017

- chinese language

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160315/PDF/a8_screen.pdf 謝錫金，本港中文教育的權威學者。曾任新加坡教育部華文課程規劃與發展顧問、華文課程與教學法檢討委員會顧問，荷蘭政府中文教育顧問，北京師範大學文學院兼任教授（中文），香港語文教育及研究常務委員會委員，教統會中文教育顧問及課程發展議會中文教育領域委員會。他先後建立香港大學中文教學研究中心和母語教學教師支援中心及中文教育網。著作包括《兒童閲讀能力進展》、《寫作新意念》、《量表診斷寫作教學法》、《香港幼兒口語發展》、《中國語文課程、教材及教法─面向有特殊學習需要的學童》等。

- scmp country report 24oct14
- takungpao supp

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160427/PDF/b8_screen.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160427/PDF/b9_screen.pdf
• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170427/PDF/b5_screen.pdf 2017 national day
• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180427/PDF/b17_screen.pdf

- working holiday

• Hong Kong and the Netherlands today (April 9) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to mark the establishment of a bilateral Working Holiday Scheme for young people of the two places.   The agreement was signed by the Secretary for Labour and Welfare, Dr Law Chi-kwong, and the Consul General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Hong Kong, Ms Annemieke Ruigrok, at Government House in the presence of the Acting Chief Executive, Mr Matthew Cheung Kin-chung, and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Mr Mark Rutte.https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201804/09/P2018040900389.htm

- student/youth exchange

• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/08/13/a23-0813.pdf 由慧妍雅集主辦的文教項目「TES2016荷蘭創遊樂」學生學習計劃日前舉行分享會，來自10間學校共30位同學於港專賽馬會本科校園聚首一堂，各自圍繞隊伍在旅程中訂立的主題，分享在荷蘭的獨特遊學體驗，並接受評判團的提問。

trivial

- https://dutchreview.com/featured/7-odd-dutch-quirks-the-stranger-side-of-the-netherlands/