Monday, January 7, 2019

chinese surnames


- http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chinese_surname
- http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2014-07/02/content_32826385_17.htm
-  自1958年的漢語拼音方案公佈後，內地的人、地名拼寫有了統一的標準，現在已為聯合國有關機構承認，可以說漢語拼音已經走向世界。它不但是人、地名拼寫法的標準，也是外國人學習中文的初階。新加坡和馬來西亞在上世紀70年代便推廣華語（普通話）和漢語拼音。普通話隨着華文正在走向世界，漢語拼音也在走向世界。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/06/20/a26-0620.pdf

按照现代学者的研究，图腾名称与古姓氏密切相关，最早的姓氏、人名、地名、官名都是在图腾名称基础上产生的。有的学者进一步认为：中原汉文化中，凤为风姓的图腾，羊为姜姓的图腾，偃、姬等十二古姓分别由鼠、麒麟等十二个图腾演化而来。而这种情况在上古民族姓氏起源中很常见，其他非中原民族中也是如此。如古夜郎人以竹为姓，满族姓氏中的古姓多为图腾，如“尼玛哈”是鱼，“钮钴禄”是狼，绰罗是桃子等。古彝族多无姓氏，以图腾为氏族名，如绿斑鸠族、白鸡族、猪槽族、鼠族、蜂族、鸟族等。这种现象在白族、纳西族、阿昌族等民族中都存在。先有图腾后有姓氏，是古姓名起源的一个普遍规律。了解了这一点，前人关于蒙古人祖之为苍狼白鹿之误译的荒谬就显而易见了：姓氏从图腾产生，不能等同于其氏族祖先从图腾产生。http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/zhuanti/lddw/2008-06/04/content_15629515.htm

中國歷代出現過且有記載的姓氏有逾五千個。不過說到最古老的姓氏，近日有內地傳媒則列出二十二個，當中至今仍常見則為「曹、任、姜、董」等，而中國史上首個姓氏為「風」姓。曹姓由另一古姓姬氏衍生出來，商朝末期周文王第十三子曹叔振鐸，受封於曹，並以此建立曹國，惟後被宋國所滅，而該國人民則以國為姓氏。另一個至今仍然普及的董姓，據指是出自上古五帝的帝舜賜予顓頊（粵音：專旭）後裔飂（粵音：聊）之子的姓氏，屬於帝王賜姓氏。另任姓是五千年前黃帝賜封的十二個基本姓氏之一，姜姓源出神農氏。至於中國首個姓氏風姓，據古籍《帝王世紀》和《竹書紀年》的記載，上古三皇五帝之首包羲伏羲氏的父親燧人氏就是風姓，屬於以華夏文明起源口傳歷史姓氏，故此成為最早的姓氏。除了上述五姓外，內媒列出另外十七個中國最古老姓氏，分別為媯（粵音：歸）、姒、子、姬、嬴、己、吉、芊、祁、妘、偃、歸、曼、羋、隗（粵音：葵）、漆、允。而上述古姓，多與夏、商、周三個朝代的歷史有關，部分更涉及中國上古時代，且主要與炎帝、黃帝、少昊、顓頊、帝嚳（粵音：谷）、帝摯、堯和舜有關聯。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190512/00178_024.html
chan
- singtao 7jan19 f2 origin and connection with 田氏

李姓
  •  甘肅隴西縣 - 李氏文化的發祥地 http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170811/PDF/a21_screen.pdf
wong
- 王 is also romanized as Wong in Hong Kong, Macau, Cantonese, Hakka and Hainanese; Waan or Waon in Shanghainese; Ong or Bong in Hokkien; Heng in Teochew;Uōng in Gan; Vang, Vaj, or Vaaj in Hmong; Vương or Vong in Vietnamese; Wang (왕) in Korean; and Ō or Oh in Japanese. 汪 is typically romanized identically, despite its distinct tone. It is also Wong in Cantonese, Ong or Ang in Hokkien, Wang (왕) in Korean, and Ō or Oh in Japanese. However, in Vietnamese, it is written Uông. 王 is the Chinese word for "king". William Baxter and Laurent Sagart reconstructed the Old Chinese form of Wáng as *ɢʷaŋ and the Middle Chinese as hjwang. The modern bearers of the name Wáng come from many different backgrounds, but the principal origins of the modern surname were four: the Zi, the Ji, the Gui, and the adoption of the name from ethnic groups outside the Han Chinese.
- The most ancient family name of Wáng was originated from the surname Zi. The Chinese legend mentions that near the end of Shang Dynasty, King Zhou of Shang's uncle Bi Gan, Ji Zi, and Wei Zi were called "The Three Kindhearted Men of Shang". King Zhou was violent in his rule, and Bi Gan repeatedly remonstrated to the king regarding his behavior. The king shunned his comments and killed Bi Gan instead. Bi's descendants used Wáng as their surname as they are descendants of a prince and were known as "The Bi clan of the Wáng family".[11] The Zi clan has existed for about 3100 years through Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and exists today. The Zi clan of Wáng lived predominantly in Henan during these times and developed into the famous Wáng family of Ji prefecture.
- More Wáng were originated from the royal family of Zhou Dynasty. The original surname of the royal family of Zhou Dynasty was Ji. However, many of them have separated out of the family due to the loss of power and land. Because they once belonged to the royal family, they used Wáng as their surname. This family of Wáng traced its ancestry to Wang Ziqiao. According to the classical records, after King Wu of Zhou defeated the Shang Dynasty, he established the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of the 21st king, King Ling of Zhou (571 - 545 BCE), the capital was in Chengzhou, which is the present day Luoyang, Henan. A son of King Ling, Wangzi Qiao or Prince Qiao, was reduced to civilian status due to his remonstration to the king. His son Zong Jin remained as a Situ in the palace, and because of the people at the time recognized him as the descendant of the royal family, they called his family the "Wáng family".[14] When the 8th generation Wang Cuo became a general in the State of Wei, the clan finally regained its status. In the early period of Qin Dynasty, this clan was active in areas of Luoyang in Henan. Between the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Wang Yuan and Wang Wei, sons of the Marquis of Wuchen Wang Li, moved to Langye in Shandong and Taiyuan in Shanxi. Since then, they have developed into the famous Wáng families of Langye and Taiyuan, the largest group among this surname. The Ji clan of Wang existed around 2600 years. In China, 90% of the Wáng family originated from the Ji clan.[citation needed] During the Tang dynasty the Li family of Zhaojun 赵郡李氏, the Cui family of Boling 博陵崔氏, the Cui family of Qinghe 清河崔氏, the Lu family of Fanyang 范陽盧氏, the Zheng family of Xingyang 荥阳郑氏, the Wang family of Taiyuan 太原王氏, and the Li family of Longxi 隴西李氏 were the seven noble families between whom marriage was banned by law.[15] Moriya Mitsuo wrote a history of the Later Han-Tang period of the Taiyuan Wang. Among the strongest families was the Taiyuan Wang.[16] The prohibition on marriage between the clans issued in 659 by the Gaozong Emperor was flouted by the seven families since a woman of the Boling Cui married a member of the Taiyuan Wang, giving birth to the poet Wang Wei.[17] He was the son of Wang Chulian who in turn was the son of Wang Zhou.[18] The marriages between the families were performed clandestinely after the prohibition was implemented on the seven families by Gaozong.[19] The Zhou dynasty King Ling's son Prince Jin is assumed by most to be the ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang.[20] The Longmen Wang were a cadet line of the Zhou dynasty descended Taiyuan Wang, and Wang Yan and his grandson Wang Tong hailed from his cadet line.[21] Both Buddhist monks and scholars hailed from the Wang family of Taiyuan such as the monk Tanqian.[22] The Wang family of Taiyuan included Wang Huan.[23] Their status as "Seven Great surnames" became known during Gaozong's rule.[24] The Taiyuan Wang family produced Wang Jun who served under Emperor Huai of Jin.[25] A Fuzhou-based section of the Taiyuan Wang produced the Buddhist monk Baizhang.
- In Qi, the descendants of Tian An (田安) received the surname Wáng.
- In Korea, the Wangs are said to have originated from the Silla kingdom. One of the kingdom's noble families originally had the surname Jak (작). However, when Wang Geon – the future founder of the Goryeo kingdom – met a Buddhist monk at an early age with his father, the Buddhist monk foresaw that he would one day become king and therefore his father changed their last name to "Wang". Wang was then the Goryeo dynastic name for the duration of the kingdom, although it has since fallen into disuse. It is said that when Goryeo fell, people changed their surname to avoid severe persecution from the succeeding Joseon Dynasty. The Kaesong Wang lineagetraces its ancestry to the Goryeo rulers.
- Ō (Japanese: 王) is a rare Japanese name, mostly held by those of Chinese descent.
- In Indonesia, the surname is often romanized as "Heng", "Bong" or "Ong" for people of Hokkien descent,[citation needed] and more commonly as Ong by Chinese Peranakan.
- Vương or Vuong (Chữ Nôm: 王) is a Vietnamese surname. It is derived from the Chinese surname Wang and is cognate with related names like Wong in Cantonese, Vang in Hmong, and Ong in Hokkien.
- Wang is also a completely unrelated surname in Sweden and Norway. It is a variant spelling of the name Vang which is derived from the Old Norse word vangr, meaning field or meadow.
- Wang is also a surname in the German and Dutch languages. The name is derived from Middle German wang/ Middle Dutch waenge, which is literally "cheek". However, in southern German, its meaning, "grassy slope" or "field of grass", is similar to the Scandinavian surname.

aw歐
- people



Cài[nb 1] (Chinese: 蔡) is a Chinese surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. It is regionally more common in China's Fujian Province and in areas settled by ethnic Chinese from that province than in China as a whole. The surname is the 34th most common surname in China,[1] but the 9th most common in Taiwan, where it is usually romanized as Tsai based on Wade-Giles romanization of Standard Mandarin[2] and the 8th most common in Singapore, where it is usually romanized as Chua, which is based on its Teochew and Hokkien pronunciation. Koreans use Chinese-derived family names and in Korean, Cai is 채 in Hangul, Chae in Revised Romanization,[3] It is also a common Cantonese name in Hong Kong where it is romanized as Choy, Choi or Tsoi. In Macao and Malaysia, it is spelled as Choi, in Malaysia and the Philippines as Chua, in Thailand as Chuo (ฉั่ว).[citation needed] Moreover, it is also romanized in Cambodia as either Chhay, Chhuor or Chhor among Chinese Cambodians and as Tjoa or Chua in Indonesia.
- example of tsai surnamed people

  • dorothy chu tsai shu fan obitrurary scmp 27nov17
chu储姓起源于周朝。据《海陵储氏支谱》记载：“考储氏，肇始于周，作相于齐，彪炳史册世人而知之。”储姓发源于春秋齐国田氏，起于储子。泰州《储氏家谱》记载的储氏第一世，是唐代的文羲公（储光羲），居住在毗陵（今常州市），至今已1300余年，始祖储光羲原籍山东，后落户金坛庄城，唐开元年间进士，后担任监察御史，是田园山水诗派代表诗人之一。 [1]  据江苏宜兴、金坛、安徽潜山等地《储氏宗谱》记载，储氏庄城一世光羲公后裔在润州庄城（今属金坛）繁衍至12世，值宋高宗南渡，时兵戈扰攘，庄城地值通衢，骚扰尤剧，遂散居异地。 [2]  1300多年来，光羲公后人陆续迁徙至大江南北，世系清楚，字辈不乱，被尊称为“江南储氏之祖”。
- note its 圖騰


wu
- some people e.g. 胡文虎 's surname in english is aw
- 胡(aw)美三obitruary scmp 29aug17 probably a portuguese as there is a ceremony at club lusitano


鄢姓（鄢也作焉、傿），是中文姓氏之一，在明朝《百家姓续编》中排第463位。在现代是极罕见的姓氏。出自妘姓，是以国为氏。根据《国语》的记载，傿国（也作鄢、焉）为妘姓国，在春秋时为郑武公所灭，故地被改名为“鄢陵”，其遗民便以国名为氏。

  • modern example http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170526/PDF/a7_screen.pdf
酈姓是中文姓氏之一，在《百家姓》中排第303位。禹接受舜的禪讓，得到統治基礎。追封黄帝后人涓于郦邑（河南省内乡县郦城村），建立郦国。春秋中期，郦国被晋国攻灭，又被周天子封于陈留（河南省开封市），以原国名命姓，称为郦姓。源于风姓，出自远古骊山氏女娲，属于复姓省文简化为氏。西周时期，骊戎部落的首领骊连，活动于丽山，在山脚下所建之城池，右侧加“邑”，成为“郦”。共和国时代，随着简化字的推行，“郦”简化为“郦”。也有写作“钩刀郦”的，不是规范汉字。纵观这个部落的发展历程，商代中期称为“丽”，商末周初成为“骊”，西周时期成为“郦”，都是跟生存环境密不可分的。随着这个部落的不断迁移，留居原地的称为“丽”，迁居别处的称为“骊”，建筑城池的称为“郦”，最终“郦”成为这个部落的主流姓氏。
費姓
- http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E9%A6%AE%E7%9D%8E%E4%B9%BE/art/20170106/19887487 其實費姓多源，祖宗不同，讀音也不同。源於外族的，如鮮卑族費連氏、滿族費佳氏（Feigiya Hala），費皆讀「廢」，道理跟歌手費翔讀「廢翔」一樣──費翔原名Kris Phillips，費自然讀Phillips的「F」音。此外，費姓還可追溯至上古的姬姓和姒姓。古代姓、氏有別，姓紀祖先，氏表子孫所出。「秘」音費氏，或始於春秋魯懿公的孫費庈父，費是庈父食邑，他以邑名為氏，後來僖公把費賜給季友，成為季氏邑（參見《左氏會箋》）。怎知道邑名讀「秘」呢？《左傳》「費伯帥師城郎」，費伯即費庈父，《釋文》於此注音：「費音祕。」據宋代《廣韻》，費指魯邑時，發音為「兵媚切」（幫母至韻），即「秘」。但「費」又見於《廣韻》另一處，發音為「扶沸切」（並母未韻）：「費，姓也，夏禹之後，出江夏。」此句其實源於《史記．夏本紀》：「禹為姒姓，其後分封，用國為姓，故有……費氏」。這裏的費國，現代粵音該讀「廢」（古無輕唇音，上古音當然大異），跟魯邑的費不同。《出師表》那位費禕是江夏人，照《廣韻》所述，是夏禹之後，似乎讀「廢衣」才對。以上講法，跟趙明誠《金石錄》卷十七所考類同。總的來說，費姓讀「秘」，只限姬姓之後，其餘都讀「廢」，以概率論，讀「廢」正確的機會反而較大。
- 雞姓，是嶺南地區特有的罕見姓氏，也是唐代佛山最為興旺的姓氏。據《中國姓氏大全》等多部資料記載，雞姓是佛山土著四大姓「雞、田、布、老」之一，在上海、雲南也有分佈，但如今最為集中的應該在廣西東興。據廣西當地媒體報道稱，東興一帶姓雞的約有1,000多人。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/02/02/a17-0202.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170202/PDF/a19_screen.pdf
- 牟（Móu）姓源出有三：
1、起源于周朝，是火神祝融之后，以国名为氏。据《姓氏考略》、《元和姓纂》及《风俗通》所载，牟（故城在今山东省莱芜东二十里）国为周时子国，相传为祝融之裔，春秋末灭国，其后以国名为姓，称牟氏。
2、出自以封地名为氏。据《后汉书·儒林传》所载，牟长其先封牟，牟长以地为氏。
3、出自他族有牟姓。今彝、土家、朝鲜、哈尼等民族均有此姓。
得姓始祖：陆终。传说中上古时的火神祝融。祝融为上古时期掌管火的官职，起初为颛顼曾孙重黎所担任。祝融又称火正，因重黎很有功绩，能光融天下，被帝喾命名为祝融。重黎诛伐共工氏时，因没有将共工家族斩尽杀绝，而被帝喾诛杀。后帝喾命其弟吴回继任，复居火正，为祝融。吴回生子陆终，承袭此职。以后祝融由官职又演变为部落名称。其后有建立牟国者，为周时子国，牟国于春秋末灭国，亡国之后，子孙以国为氏称牟姓。由于祝融之职由吴回之后相袭，故后世牟姓大多尊祝融陆终为牟姓得姓始祖。

宓姓出自上古的伏羲氏，因伏羲又叫宓羲，宓姓和伏姓在古代是相通的。宓姓历史名人有洛水之神宓妃、春秋时期鲁国单平侯宓不齐等。宓姓人口主要分布在山西太原、河南中部等地。远古时候有个部落首领叫伏羲。传说是他发明了八卦图。伏羲领导的部落在当时非常强盛，并且运用的生产方式都很先进，文化活动的水平也很高，所以古代传说中，许多发明创造都归于伏羲。而伏羲又叫宓羲，宓姓和伏姓在古代是相能的，比如有个孔子的弟子叫伏子贱，人们也可称他为宓子贱。宓姓的始祖，就是伏羲。


逄姓（逄，汉语拼音：Páng），注音符号:ㄆㄤˊ。一个中文姓氏。在《百家姓》中排名第296位。台湾有此姓。中国古代黄帝的大臣伯陵封于逄地（今山东潍坊青州），于是后人以国名为氏。Bàng là một họ của người Trung Quốc (chữ Hán: 庞, Bính âm: Pang) và Triều Tiên (Hangul:방; Hanja: 龐; Romaja quốc ngữ: Bang). Trong danh sách Bách gia tính họ này xếp thứ 120. Người Trung Quốc còn một họ nữa cũng có phiên âm Hán Việt là Bàng, đó là họ 逄 (đứng thứ 296 trong Bách gia tính), tuy nhiên họ này hiếm gặp hơn họ Bàng (庞).
  • re news on hkeaa commissioned to organise certification for chinese music theory and performance
但姓，读音作dàn(ㄉㄢˋ)但姓，为中文姓氏之一，没有在百家姓名单之内。但氏是一个非常古老的姓氏群体，源流繁多，正宗一支，但在中国大陆的姓氏排行榜上未列入百家姓前三百位，在台湾省则名列第五百二十一位，以南阳、开封、燕山为郡望，宗支称“南阳世家”。但姓早期居住于陕西一带，汉时已因仕宦等原因迁居于河南、山西、安徽等地，并在河南宛县一带形成郡姓望族，以南阳郡为郡望。唐宋以后，则逐渐遍布全国各地，西至甘肃、宁夏，北至辽宁、吉林，南至四川、广东，东至山东、江苏，都有但氏家族踪。但姓人口没有进入全国前三百位。今四川省的成都市、金堂县、什邡市、崇州、大邑县、自贡市、遂宁市大英县、眉山市、自贡市、仁寿县、荣县、乐山市、眉山市、绵竹市，重庆市的长寿区、云阳市、合川市、忠县、江津县，云南的大理州，河北省的邢台市，江西省的九江市星子县、瑞昌市、都昌县、鄱阳县，湖北省的武汉市、赤壁市、天门市、黄石市、孝感市、恩施市、汉川市、通城县、大悟县、鄂州市、仙桃市、监利县、十堰市、咸宁市崇阳县，湖南省的张家界市、常德市临澧县，沅江市，，辽宁省的丹东市、沈阳市，河南省的罗山县、株洲市，安徽省的六安市霍山县，浙江省的杭州市，宁波市，宁夏回族自治区的海原县，广西壮族自治区的南宁市，贵州省的贵阳市、织金县、遵义市，上海市，北京市，江苏省的南京市，陕西省的西安市、汉中市、南郑县、安康市，新疆维吾尔自治区的乌鲁木齐市，广东省的广州市、东莞市、深圳市，香港特别行政区，台湾省，美国洛杉矶等地，均有但氏族人分布。
敬
- 出自媯姓，以諡號為氏，春秋時陳國公子陳敬仲，其後人以敬為氏。出自姬姓，黃帝之孫敬康之後人。[來源請求]出自清代四川人苟華南，乾隆十三年戊辰科進士，清高宗認為苟姓有苟且之意，不雅，賜姓敬氏。[

seng

  • 沈
  • some are of khmer origin
  • some germans may use that surname by cutting short their own surnames
 谢
  • The surname originated in two major branches: during the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperorsperiod, and near the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was a prominent aristocratic clan in theEastern Jin dynasty of China. The hometown of the Xie is Kaifeng, Henan Province.
  • There is a less common surname with the same pronunciation but different writing (解).
  • The spelling of the same Chinese character using Wade–Giles romanization is Hsieh. The spelling "Hsieh" is most commonly used in Taiwan and in older romanizations. "Hsieh" tends to be incorrectly pronounced as "Shay" by those attempting to read it using English orthography. However, other variations are pronounced "Sh'eh" and the spelling is sometimes modified as Shieh.
  • The Cantonese spelling of the same Chinese character is Tse or Tze and the Taishanese spelling of the same Chinese character is Dea, Der, Dare, or Dear. The Min Nan (Hokkien) and Teochew spelling of the same Chinese character is Chia, Cheah, or Sia.
  • In Malaysia and Singapore, the name is most commonly Chia, although Cheah, Seah, Sia, Cha, Tse, Chay etc. can also be found. During theChinese diaspora, the region was administered by British Empire clerks, who knew little about Chinese dialects, often had to find their own romanizations. As a result, the variations are non-exhaustive.
  • In the Philippines, the name is also spelled as Sese (which also means thank you in Kapampangan, a local dialect in Pampanga, Philippines where the first Xie settled). In Indonesia, the name is also spelt as Tjhia or Tjia. In East Timor, as a legacy of Portuguese colonialism and lingua franca, Xie is also produced as Tchia, Tchea, Tsia, Tcha and Tjea. The Vietnamese version is Tạ.
  • In the United States, the name is sometimes spelled as Jair and Zia. Other variations of the surname include Shea and Shei.
teo
Deng*, Tang*, Teng*, Thian*, Thean*
  • The 34th most common last name in China. There are three main origins of the Dengs. 1) Descendents of Xia Yu. The great grand son of Xia Yu, Zhong Kang, awarded his son, the duke of Deng in Gu Deng Lin (south of Deng Zhou in HeNan), during the Xia Dynasty. The kingdom lasted more than 800 years and was brought to an end by Emperor Zhou Zhong Ding of the Zhou dynasty, and the people began to bear the last name Deng. 2) Descendents of the Shan Dynasty; Shan Wu Ding made his uncle duke, in the land of Man. The kingdom was renamed Deng. In 648 B.C., the Deng kingdom was eliminated by Chu. 3) During the Five Dynasties, the king of Nan Tang Li Hou Zhu awarded his 8th son Li Cong Yi as the duke of Deng. After Nan Tang was eliminated, the people of the Deng kingdom became fugitives and used Deng as their last name (instead of Li) to avoid persecution. 
    Hometown: NanYang in HeNan Province.
    http://www.yutopian.com/names/13/13deng34.html
Shi ([ʂɻ̩])) or Shih is the romanization of several Chinese surnames, including 石, 史, 師, 時, 士, 釋, and 施.

种（Chóng）姓出自仲姓，为周代仲山甫之后，为避仇所改。据《通志·氏族略》载：“种，本仲氏，以避难改载仲为种，望出河南。”种姓本为仲氏，以次为氏。仲为排行第二。周代王室重臣仲山甫（一作仲山父）的后人，为避仇改为种氏。种氏家祠地址位于山东省枣庄市薛城区种庄村. 源于任姓，出自商朝开国君王汤的佐相仲虺的后代，属于避难改姓为氏。仲虺，是著名的造车鼻祖奚、任、薛、仲四大姓氏的祖先奚仲（车服大夫、车正）的后代，世袭为古薛国（今山东枣庄薛城奚村）首领。源于姬姓，出自西周时期周王室上卿仲山甫的后代，属于避难改姓为氏。源于姬姓，出自春秋时期卫国大夫仲由，属于避难改姓为氏。仲由，公元前542～前480年，字子路，又字季路，鲁国卞人（今山东泗水泉林镇卞桥村），孔子的得意门生，以政事见称。源于妫姓，出自春秋末年越国大夫文种的后裔，属于以先祖名字为氏。文种，郢人（今湖北江陵），与宛三户里人（今河南南阳宛县）范蠡为同为越国大夫。源于姬姓，出自战国时期赵国君主赵成侯赵种的后裔，属于以先祖名字为氏。周烈王姬喜元年（赵敬侯赵章十二年，赵成侯元年，公元前375年）赵敬侯病逝，当年赵章之子赵种即继位，是为赵成侯。源于妫姓，出自战国时期齐国大夫田种首，属于以先祖名字为氏。该支种氏出自战国时期齐国田氏家族，为帝舜后裔。战国时期的周显王三十六年（齐威王田因齐二十四年，魏惠成王魏罃三年，公元前333年）与魏惠成王（梁惠王）魏罃会田于郊。源于满族，属于汉化改姓为氏。据史籍《吉林通志》记载：满族汪佳氏，亦称王佳氏，世居王佳（今辽宁沈阳东陵区汪家乡）、辽阳（今辽宁辽阳）、讷图（今俄罗斯境内能图河流域）等地。
- 种家军早在汉，唐，宋，明，就镇守边疆，血洒沙场。汉代有种皓和他的子孙三代。


 慎
  • 楚國宗室白公勝，封有慎（今安徽穎上），後人改為慎姓。《姓氏考略》：「春秋時，楚國有慎縣，白公之邑，其後人以地為氏，望出天水。」

姬姓
- 鞠氏出自姬姓，是以字为氏。《元和姓纂》中记载，后稷有位孙子名叫鞠陶，据说出生时手心有鞠字，遂以此命名，其后代便以祖先的字为氏。

Ling is a surname which can be of either Chinese, English, or Nordic origin.According to traditional stories, the surname pronounced Líng (凌) in Mandarin originated during the Zhou Dynasty as an occupational surname for a court official responsible for the storage and handling of ice. King Wu of Zhou's brother Kang Shu (康叔) had a son who held this post, and Kang Shu's descendants later adopted Líng as their surname.There is also a less-common surname pronounced Lìng (令) in Mandarin. In some cases, it may be a shortened version of the surname Linghu (令狐)."Ling" may also be an Eastern Min, Northern Min, or Wu transcription of the surname pronounced in Mandarin as Lín (林). The English surname Ling, also spelled Linge, may have two different origins: one from a word used in Lincolnshire meaning "heath", and the other as a toponymic surname referring to the parish of Lyng, Somerset. One other rare surname (鈴) also pronounced Líng in Mandarin is believed to be used by only eight people in China.The Vietnamese surname Linh originated from the Vietnamese pronunciation of a different character pronounced Líng in Mandarin (靈), which is not used as a surname in Chinese.

Lì is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 栗 in Chinese character. It is also spelled Leut according to the Cantonese pronunciation. Relatively uncommon, it is not listed in the Song Dynasty classic Hundred Family Surnames. Li 栗 is the 249th most common surname in China, with a total population of about 300,000, half of whom live in Henan province.According to traditional accounts, the surname Li 栗 originates from the legendary tribe or state called Lilu (栗陆氏), and the historical state of Li, which has been linked to Lilu. In the third-century text Records of Emperors and Kings (帝王世纪), Huangfu Mi records the legend that goddess Nüwa enfeoffed thirteen tribes or states, all having theFeng (风) surname. Lilu was ranked the fourth among the thirteen.[4][5][6] Professor Li Yujie of Henan University believes that Lilu was likely the first people in China to cultivate chestnuts (the character li 栗 also means chestnut). During the Shang Dynasty, the state of Li (栗) existed in what is now Xiayi County, Shangqiu, Henan province. After the state was conquered by the Zhou Dynasty, its people adopted the name of their former state as their surname. The surname thus has a history of approximately 3,100 years. The Li capital (called Licheng or Li City), now submerged under the Tianlong Lake southwest of the county seat of Xiayi夏邑 , is a protected site of Shangqiu.

 缗姓是中国姓氏，少见。关于其起源，有三种论说：一是源于姒姓，出自夏朝时期少昊后裔的封地，属于以封邑名称为氏。二是源于子姓，出自春秋时期宋国之邑，属于以居邑名称为氏。三是源于子姓，出自春秋时期宋国君主宋缗公，属于以先祖谥号为氏。

 逄
- not much info but mentioned in The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland - under grouping of fung but see pang
闞姓的起源有兩種說法：

- the chinese name of rev frederick galpin was 闞斐迪 (1842-1932, arrived in china in 1868 and stayed for 30 years)

 臺（Tái，簡體字為台）：風俗通：金天氏裔孫曰臺駘，其後氏焉，歷來是常見姓。臺駘為少昊之苗裔，世為水官之長，顓頊封之於汾川，後遂以為汾水之神。亦有從澹臺姓簡化為臺姓。

台（Yí，繁體字同為台）：亦作怡，本墨台（Yí）氏，避事改焉。歷來是稀姓，與音「Tái」的臺姓不可混稱。
熙姓，中国罕见姓氏，据郑樵《通志》记载：“帝喾使元冥为水正，熙氏佐之，因以为氏。”
- people
  • 熙光宣：明朝人，河南人，洪武中仪制郎中使朝鲜。（《万姓统谱》）
  • 熙厚：明朝人，大足人，吏目。（《续文献通考》）
  • 吳光正family re his mother's obit 4jul18 in various newspapers


项 - example of foreigners' translated surname
  • emilio alvarez 项华知, managing director, vortex capital emilio.alvarez@vortex-capital.com 


Xin (Wade–Giles: Hsin) is the romanization of several Chinese surnames including Xīn 辛, Xīn 新 and Xìn 信, etc. 
- Chinese Xin (信) family originated from;
Yun
- 《中国姓氏大全》将恽归为罕见姓，而在常州却是常见姓。恽（Yùn ）姓源出有三：出自芈姓, 杨姓, 郓姓

zhi
- 「芝」姓历史渊源不可考，当前所知的历史著名人氏为芝亭，乾隆宫廷玉雕名家。当前.「芝」姓人多分布于甘肃、陕西境内，以甘肃省永昌县、景泰县人数为多。

zhu诸氏是一个多民族、多源流的古老姓氏，但人口总数在中国大陆和台湾省都没有列入百家姓前三百位，在宋版《百家姓》中排序为第一百八十六位。诸氏的主要发源地在山东诸城，为古琅琊郡，另外有起源于吴国和越国的诸氏族人。春秋时，诸氏人主要居住在山东诸城，为诸国的王族。诸国春秋时沦为鲁国的附庸国，成为鲁国的大夫；后齐国占有诸地，又成为齐国的琅琊邑；越王勾践打败齐国，拥有诸国，并迁都琅琊，越国势衰，复将国都迁回故地，大量诸氏族人跟随南下。这样，诸氏族人就扩散到江浙皖赣区域，并实现了同原江浙地区诸氏族人的汇合。今浙江省的宁波市、绍兴市、杭州市、嘉兴市、余杭市、湖州市，温州市，衢州市，江苏省的常州市、无锡市、江阴县、苏州市、昆山市、南京市，安徽省的蚌埠市，广东省的河源市，江西省的吉安市，湖北省的松滋市等地，四川省的蓬安县，三台县，宣汉县，泸州市均有诸氏族人分布。

zhuge诸葛源出于葛氏，诸葛为中国汉族复姓。相传伯益的后裔葛伯的封国灭亡后，葛氏有一支迁入山东诸城，若干年后这支诸城葛氏有一支迁往阳都县，但阳都原有姓葛的家族的，诸城葛氏为区分于当地葛氏，遂改复姓称诸葛，即诸城迁来的葛氏；另一支为秦末陈胜领导的农民起义军，有大将葛婴屡立战功，葛婴至东城，私立襄疆为楚王。后闻陈胜已立，因杀襄疆，还报。至陈胜处，陈胜听信谗言而杀婴。汉兴以后，论功追思，汉文帝追念葛婴反抗暴秦的功勋，即封葛婴的孙子为诸县侯（今山东诸城），子孙称为诸葛氏，三国蜀汉最具智慧的辅汉名臣诸葛亮即为葛婴之后。
- note various 郡望堂號including 琅琊郡,琅琊堂

kiv

  • surname chiam
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