- federal ministry of finance
- The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (German: Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) better known by its abbreviation BaFin is the financial regulatory authority for Germany. It is an independent federal institution with headquarters in Bonn and Frankfurt and falls under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany). BaFin supervises about 2,700 banks, 800 financial services institutions and over 700 insurance undertakings. BaFin was formed on 1 May 2002 with the passing of the Financial Services and integration Act (German: Gesetz über die integrierte Finanzaufsicht (FinDAG)) on 22 April 2002. The aim of this legislation was to create one integrated financial regulator that covered all financial markets. BaFin was created by the merger of the three supervisory agencies, the Federal Banking Supervisory Office (German: Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Kreditwesen (BAKred)), the Federal Supervisory Office for the Securities Trading (German: Bundesaufsichtsamt für den Wertpapierhandel (BAWe)), and the Federal Insurance Supervisory Office (German: Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Versicherungswesen (BAV)).
- Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) http://www.bmwi.de/EN/root.html
- Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy http://www.bmwi.de/EN/root.html
- Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) www.bmel.de
- Germany Trade and Invest www.gtai.de
- Federal Statistics Office https://www.destatis.de/EN/Homepage.html
- german energy agency http://www.dena.de/en
- Bundesnachrichtendienst (Federal Intelligence Service) http://www.bnd.bund.de/EN/_Home/home_node.html
- 德國特種部隊（KSK）多名士兵被揭二○一七年在一名軍官舉行榮休派對上，做出已故納粹德國領袖希特拉的敬禮手勢等極右行為。國防部長克蘭普—卡倫鮑爾昨日表示，正計劃改組KSK，以挽回軍隊聲譽。KSK於一九九六年成立，隸屬聯邦國防軍，主力負責反恐及在衝突地區營救人質。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200702/00180_017.html
亞琛 Aachen (German pronunciation: [ˈaːxn̩] ) or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle (French pronunciation: [ɛkslaʃapɛl]), is a spa and border city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Aachen developed from a Roman settlement and spa, subsequently becoming the preferred medieval Imperial residence of Charlemagne, and, from 936 to 1531, the place where 31 Holy Roman Emperors were crowned Kings of the Germans.The name "Aachen" is a modern descendant, like southern German Ach(e), German: Aach, meaning "river" or "stream", from Old High German ahha, meaning "water" or "stream", which directly translates (and etymologically corresponds to) Latin Aquae, referring to the springs. The location has been inhabited by humans since the Neolithic era, about 5,000 years ago, attracted to its warm mineral springs. Latin Aquae figures in Aachen's Roman name Aquae granni, which meant "waters of Grannus", referring to the Celtic god of healing who was worshipped at the springs. This word became Åxhe in Walloon and Aixin French, and subsequently Aix-la-Chapelle after Charlemagne had his palatine chapel built there in the late 8th century and then made the city his empire's capital. Aachen's name in French and German evolved in parallel. The city is known by a variety of different names in other languages.
- Aachen was chosen as the site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the first congress of Aachen (often referred to as the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English) on 2 May 1668, leading to the First Treaty of Aachen in the same year which ended the War of Devolution. The second congress ended with the second treaty in 1748, ending the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1789, there was a constitutional crisis in the Aachen government,[34] and in 1794 Aachen lost its status as a free imperial city.On 9 February 1801, the Peace of Lunéville removed the ownership of Aachen and the entire "left bank" of the Rhine from Germany and granted it to France. In 1815, control of the town was passed to Prussia, by an act passed by the Congress of Vienna. The third congress took place in 1818, to decide the fate of occupied Napoleonic France. By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation had swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt[clarification needed] remains of the city's medieval constitution were kept in place (compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein) until 1801, when Aachen became the "chef-lieu du département de la Roer" in Napoleon's First French Empire. In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Prussia took over. The city was one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century. Administered within the Rhine Province, by 1880 the population was 80,000. Starting in 1838, the railway from Cologne to Belgium passed through Aachen. The city suffered extreme overcrowding and deplorable sanitary conditions until 1875, when the medieval fortifications were finally abandoned as a limit to building and new, better housing was built in the east of the city, where sanitary drainage was easiest. In December 1880, the Aachen tramway network was opened, and in 1895 it was electrified. In the 19th century and up to the 1930s, the city was important in the production of railway locomotives and carriages, iron, pins, needles, buttons, tobacco, woollen goods, and silk goods.After World War I, Aachen was occupied by the Allies until 1930, along with the rest of German territory west of the Rhine.Aachen was one of the locations involved in the ill-fated Rhenish Republic. On 21 October 1923, an armed band took over the city hall. Similar actions took place in Mönchen-Gladbach, Duisburg, and Krefeld. This republic lasted only about a year. Aachen was heavily damaged during World War II.
Augsburg (German: [ˈaʊksbʊɐ̯k] ; Austro-Bavarian: Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and regional seat of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg.After Neuss and Trier, Augsburg is Germany's third oldest city, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augusta Vindelicorum, named after the Roman emperor Augustus. It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European banking in the 16th century. The city played a leading role in the Reformation as the site of the 1530 Augsburg Confession and 1555 Peace of Augsburg. The Fuggerei, the oldest social housing complex in the world, was founded in 1513 by Jakob Fugger.
- Allegedly Cisa (dea Ciza) was the city goddess of Augsburg. A representation of the Cisa can be seen on the weather vane of the Perlachturm; moreover, according to legend, some representations on the bronze doors of the cathedral are said to indicate the goddess. The mountain on which her temple is said to have stood was called "Zisenberk". The golden vane on top of Perlach-Tower next to city hall is the original likeness of the goddess from the 15th century.
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-interesting-piece-of-European-history-that-most-non-Europeans-dont-know-about In 1528, the leader of Augsburg loaned the Habsburg Emperor Charles V a large sum of money. The emperor, however, did not have the money to pay back so, instead of giving a cash settlement, he gifted Augsburg the colony of Venezuela (which was renamed Klein-Venedig). Unsurprisingly, they were unable to maintain this colony so the Habsburgs took it back 18 years later.
- very detailed chinese, japanese and deutsch wiki versions
Baden-Baden is a spa town located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. The springs at Baden-Baden were known to the Romans as Aquae ("The Waters")[citation needed] and Aurelia Aquensis ("Aurelia-of-the-Waters") after M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus. In modern German, Baden is a noun meaning "bathing" but Baden, the original name of the town, derives from an earlier plural formof Bad ("bath"). (The modern plural has become Bäder.) As with the English placename "Bath", various other Badens are at hot springs throughout Central Europe. The current doubled name arose to distinguish it from the others,[4] particularly Baden near Viennain Austria and Baden near Zürich in Switzerland. It is a reference to the Margraviate of Baden-Baden (1535–1771), a subdivision of the Margraviate of Baden, the territory named after the town. Baden-Baden got its formal name in 1931.
- Roman settlement at Baden-Baden has been dated as far back as the emperor Hadrian, but on dubious authority. The known ruins of the Roman bath were rediscovered just below the New Castle in 1847[2] and date to the reign of Caracalla (ad 210s),[8] who visited the area to relieve his arthritic aches. The facilities were used by the Roman garrison in Strasbourg. The town fell into ruin but its church was first constructed in the 7th century.[8] By 1112, it was the seat of the Margraviate of Baden.[8] The Lichtenthal Convent (Kloster Lichtenthal) was founded in 1254.[8] The margraves initially used Hohenbaden Castle (the Old Castle, Altes Schloss), whose ruins still occupy the summit above the town, but they completed and moved to the New Castle (Neues Schloss) in 1479.[2] Baden suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War, particularly at the hands of the French, who plundered it in 1643.[2] They returned to occupy the city in 1688 at the onset of the Nine Years' War, burning it to the ground the next year.[8] The margravine Sibylla rebuilt the New Castle in 1697, but the margrave Louis William removed his seat to Rastatt in 1706.[2] The Stiftskirche was rebuilt in 1753 and houses the tombs of several of the margraves. The town began its recovery in the late 18th century, serving as a refuge for émigrés from the French Revolution.
- The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. It then became the much-enlarged[1] Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empirein 1803–06 and was a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden. Baden was bordered to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt; to the west,[1] along most of its length, by the river Rhine, which separated Baden from the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate and Alsace in modern France; to the south by Switzerland; and to the east by the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Bavaria. After World War II, the French military government in 1945 created the state of Baden (originally known as "South Baden") out of the southern half of the former Baden, with Freiburg as its capital. This portion of the former Baden was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the old Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was combined with northern Württemberg, becoming part of the American military zone, and formed the state of Württemberg-Baden. Both Baden and Württemberg-Baden became states of West Germany upon its formation in 1949. In 1952 Baden merged with Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (southern Württemberg and the former Prussian exclave of Hohenzollern) to form Baden-Württemberg. This is the only merger of states that has taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. The unofficial anthem of Baden is called "Badnerlied" (Song of the People of Baden) and consists of four or five traditional verses.
- very curious ---- De Gaulle disappeared during the 1968 unrest and met with General Massu in Baden-Baden
Berlin
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21637421-german-capital-famous-its-edgy-urbanity-and-quality-life-looks-tired-losing-its-cool?zid=307&ah=5e80419d1bc9821ebe173f4f0f060a07
cologne
- people
库克斯港市 Cuxhaven ( [kʊksˈhaːfən]) is an independent town and seat of the Cuxhaven district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Cuxhaven is home to an important fisherman's wharf and ship registration point for Hamburg as well as the Kiel Canal until 2008. Tourism is also of great importance. The city and its precursor Ritzebüttel belonged to Hamburg from the 13th century until 1937. The island of Neuwerk, a Hamburg dependency, is located just northwest of Cuxhaven in the North Sea. The city's symbol, known as the Kugelbake, is a beacon once used as a lighthouse; the wooden landmark on the mouth of the Elbe marks the boundary between the river and the North Sea and also adorns the city's coat of arms.
- ft 11mar19 German port casts anxious eye across the sea at Brexit
達豪Dachau ( [ˈdaxaʊ]) is a town in Upper Bavaria, in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 45,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of town with its 18th-century castle is situated on an elevation and visible over a great distance. Dachau was founded in the 9th century.The town is also known for its proximity to the infamous Dachau concentration camp built in 1933 by the Nazis, in which tens of thousands of prisoners died.The origin of the name is not known, it possibly originated with the Celts who lived there before the Germans came. An alternative idea is that it comes from the old high German word daha meaning clay, and ouwe, water overflown land.
- As the Amper River would divert into backwaters in several places, there were many fords making it possible to cross the river. The oldest findings of human presence here date back to the Stone Age. The most noteworthy findings were discovered near Feldgeding in the adjoining municipality Bergkirchen. Around 1000 B.C. the Celts arrived in this area and settled. The name “Dachau” originated in the Celtic Dahauua, which roughly translates to “loamy meadow” and also alludes to the loamy soil of the surrounding hills. Some theories assume the name “Amper” river may derive from the Celtic word for “water”. Approximately at the turn of the first millennium the Romans conquered the area and incorporated it into the province of Rhaetia. A Roman trade road between Salzburg and today’s Augsburg is said to have run through Dachau.
- there is no deutsch wikipedia version
- note town's name in russian
- there is snake and 丫义 in coat of arms
- strange pronunciation of "ch" in the name
dresden
- hkej 22may19 shum article
- 德累斯頓是歐洲反回教組織「歐洲反西方伊斯蘭化愛國者」（PEGIDA）的發源地，PEGIDA現時每周仍在當地舉行集會。在今年九月的地選中，主張右翼民粹主義及反移民的德國另類選擇黨，取得28%得票的佳績。左翼市議員（Max Aschenbach）直指「這座城市有納粹問題」，憂慮市內出現反民主、反多元化、涉及暴力的歧視及極右思想抬頭，因此提出納粹緊急狀態的方案，最終獲市議會支持該個反極端主義、稱為「納粹緊急狀態」的方案。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191104/00180_013.html
Duisburg has the world's largest inland port, "Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen", in Duisburg-Ruhrort. Germany's third largest and the Rhine-Ruhr region's main airport, Düsseldorf Airport, lies nearby the city, in Düsseldorf-Lohausen. Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been the major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the "Hellweg", an important medieval trade route, and at a ford across the Rhine. The Romans already guarded the ford.
- china
Dülmen is a town in the district of Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The place was first mentioned as Dulmenni in 889, as a property of Werden Abbey. Dülmen received town privileges in 1311. It joined the Hanseatic League in 1470. It was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster until it was mediatised in 1803. After a short period in the hands of the House of Croÿ, it was taken by the French in 1811. After the defeat of Napoleon, it became part of the Prussian Province of Westphalia. The Dülmen oil plant was a target of the Oil Campaign of World War II: 90% of the city was destroyed[citation needed] and the city was rebuilt after the war.
Düsseldorf
- japan
Erlstätt ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Grabenstätt im Landkreis Traunstein. Das Pfarrdorf liegt im Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern, etwa sechs Kilometer südöstlich des Chiemsees und 15 Kilometer nördlich der Chiemgauer Alpen auf einer Höhe von 559 m ü. NN. Unmittelbar nordwestlich von Erlstätt verlief die Römerstraße Via Julia. Der Meilenstein von Erlstätt war bis 1780 in der Kirchhofsmauer von Erlstätt verbaut. Darauf wurde er Teil eines Bildstocks, der noch heute in unmittelbarer Nähe der ehemaligen Römerstraße aufgestellt ist, und erst 1840 als Meilenstein erkannt. Die Notitia Arnonis erwähnt "Ad Erlastedi ecclesia cum territorio" (übersetzt: In Erlstätt eine Kirche mit Grundbesitz). Der Pfarrsitz der Urpfarrei Erlstätt wurde spätestens 1263 nach Haslach verlegt. Die politische Gemeinde Erlstätt entstand mit dem Gemeindeedikt von 1818. 1950 wurde Erlstätt wieder eine selbstständige katholische Pfarrei. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurden die bisherigen Gemeinden Grabenstätt, Erlstätt und Oberhochstätt zu einer neuen Gemeinde mit dem Namen Grabenstätt zusammengeschlossen.
- only available wikipedia version is aragones
- economist article 7apr18 mentioning the onion dome - rittbitlen?
Fürth ([fʏʁt] ; East Franconian: Färdd; Yiddish: פיורדא, Fiurda) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia. Fürth is one of 23 "major centres" in Bavaria. Fürth, Nuremberg, Erlangen and some smaller towns form the "Middle Franconian Conurbation", which is one of the 11 German metropolitan regions. Fürth celebrated its thousandth anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007. The name "Fürth" derives from the German word for "ford", as the first settlements originated around a ford. In the following years, Fürth was granted market privileges, but these were later lost to the neighbouring Nuremberg, under Heinrich III. From 1062 onward, Fürth was again permitted to have a market, but by that time Nuremberg was already the more important town.In the Thirty Years War, Fürth was almost completely destroyed by fire. In 1835, the first German railway was opened between Nuremberg and Fürth. Throughout the Cold War, Fürth had a significant NATO presence, especially the U.S. Army, due to its proximity to both the East German and Czech borders.
- The position enjoyed by Jews in Fürth (compared with other towns) led to the sobriquet "Franconian Jerusalem", though this is based on an older, pejoratively intended reference to Fürth. Jewish residents are mentioned as early as 1440; in 1528 the Margrave of Ansbach, George the Pious, permitted two Jews, Perman und Uriel, to settle in Fürth (in return for high taxes), and from then on the number of Jewish residents increased. By the 17th century, there was a local Yeshiva (Talmudic academy) of considerable repute, and in 1617, a synagogue was built. In 1653, the first Jewish hospital in Germany (and Fürth's first hospital) was built. When Emperor Leopold I deported the Viennese Jews in 1670, many upper-class Jewish families moved to Fürth, and by 1716 there were about 400 Jewish families in the town.
Frankfurt
- free city of frankfurt
萨勒河畔哈雷；15世纪末至17世纪末名为Hall in Sachsen；至20世纪初官方名为Halle an der Saale；1965至1999年名为Halle/Saale），或称哈雷（萨勒），简称哈雷，又译作哈勒Halle (Saale) (colloquially: Halle (UK: /ˈhælə/, US: /ˈhɑːlə/); from the 15th to the 17th century: Hall in Sachsen, until the beginning of the 20th century: Halle an der Saale [ˈhalə ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈzaːlə], from 1965 to 1995: Halle/Saale) is the largest city of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Halle's early history is connected with the harvesting of salt. The name Halle reflects early Celtic settlement given that halen is the Brythonic (Welsh/Breton) word for salt (cf. salann in Irish). The name of the river Saale also contains the Germanic root for salt, and salt-harvesting has taken place in Halle since at least the Bronze Age (2300–600 BC). The Latin name Hala Saxonum was also used.
- 德國東部城市哈雷周三發生槍擊案，據報槍手在一間猶太教堂附近街頭開了多槍，造成兩人死亡及兩人重傷。警方其後成功拘捕一名疑犯，身份及動機未明，案件由反恐檢察官接手。當地猶太社區領袖表示，槍手針對猶太教堂施襲，事發時正值猶太教的贖罪日。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191010/00180_019.html
哈茨山Harz - name derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest), Latinized as Hercynia. The year 968 saw the discovery of silver deposits near the town of Goslar, and mines became established in the following centuries throughout the mountains. During the Middle Ages, ore from this region was exported along trade routes to far-flung places, such as Mesopotamia. The wealth of the region declined after these mines became exhausted in the early 19th century. People abandoned the towns for a short time, but prosperity eventually returned with tourism. Between 1945 and 1990, the inner German border ran through the Harz, the west belonging to the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the east to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The main dialects of the Harz region are Eastphalian and Thuringian. ******** 黑森州 Hesse (Hessian dialect: [ˈhɛzə]) or Hessia , officially the State of Hesse (Land Hessen), is a federal state (Land) of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. Its state capital is Wiesbaden and the largest city is Frankfurt am Main.The German name Hessen, like the name of other German regions (Schwaben "Swabia", Franken "Franconia", Bayern "Bavaria", Sachsen "Saxony") is derived from the dative plural form of the name of the inhabitants or eponymous tribe, the Hessians (Hessen, singular Hesse), short for the older compound name Hessenland ("land of the Hessians"). The Old High German form of the name is recorded as Hessun (dative plural of Hessi), in Middle Latin as Hassia, Hessia, Hassonia. The name of the Hessians ultimately continues the tribal name of the Chatti. The ancient name Chatti by the 7th century is recorded as Chassi, and from the 8th century as Hassi or Hessi.An inhabitant of Hesse is called a "Hessian" (German: Hesse (masculine) or Hessin (feminine), plural Hessen). The American English term Hessian for 18th-century British auxiliary troops originates with Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel hiring out regular army units to the government of Great Britain to fight in the American Revolutionary War.The English form Hesse was in common use by the 18th century, first in the hyphenated names Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, but the latinate form Hessia remained in common English usage well into the 19th century.[9] The German term Hessen is used by the European Commission even in English-language contexts because their policy is to leave regional names untranslated (paragraphs 1.31 and 1.35).The synthetic element hassium, number 108 on the periodic table, was named after the state of Hesse in 1997, following a proposal of 1992.
- note the afrikaans version
- Hanau [ˈhaːnaʊ̯] is a large town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. The town is known for being the birthplace of Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm and Franciscus Sylvius. Since the 16th century it was a centre of precious metal working with many goldsmiths. It is home to Heraeus, one of the largest family-owned companies in Germany.The earliest documentary evidence for the presence of Jews in Hanau dates from 1313. In the 17th and 18th centuries Hanau developed into an important center of Hebrew printing.格林兄弟不僅以搜集童話而聞名，他們也是語言學家，日耳曼語言學的創始人，他們開始編輯了《德語大詞典》（Deutsches Wörterbuch），完整地搜錄德語詞彙、用法和詞源。哈瑙市格林兄弟獎（Brüder-Grimm-Preis der Stadt Hanau）頒發給傑出的語言作品，並鼓勵作家們繼續他們的文學創作，以體現文學作品對社會的重要意義。
- people
The Kaiserstuhl (lit. "Emperor’s Chair") is a range of hills in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany. The name "Kaiserstuhl" is believed to refer to King Otto III, who held court near Sasbach on 22 December 994. From then on, the whole hill range was called the Königsstuhl – the King’s Chair. In May 996, Otto III was crowned Emperor and the King’s Chair eventually became the Emperor’s Chair – "Kaiserstuhl". Reliable sources mention the name Kaiserstuhl only as early as 1304 and historians thus suppose that the term Kaiserstuhl was not coined until the 13th century.
- **********Es la localidad de origen de los primeros colonos de la Colonia Tovar, Venezuela.
劳赫林根 Lauchringen is a village in the county of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is divided in two districts: Oberlauchringen and Unterlauchringen.
- 德國小鎮勞赫林根上周六有二千七百六十二人聚首一堂，各人悉心打扮成藍精靈。他們只有一個目標，就是打破最多藍精靈聚集的紀錄。皇天不負有心人，德國相關機構其後宣布他們打破紀錄，但仍有待健力士世界紀錄的官方確認。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190219/00180_023.html
林道又譯作林島 Lindau (German: Lindau (Bodensee), formerly Lindau im Bodensee) is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (Landkreis) of Lindau, Bavaria and is near the borders of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Thurgau. The coat of arms of Lindau town is a linden tree, referring to the supposed origin of the town's name (Linde means linden tree in German). The first use of the name Lindau was documented in 882 by a monk from St. Gallen, stating that Adalbert (count of Raetia) had founded a nunnery on the island. However the remains of an early Roman settlement dating back to the 1st century have been found in the district of Aeschach. In 1180, St. Stephan's church was founded. In 1224 the Franciscans founded a monastery on the island. In 1274/75 Lindau became an Imperial Free City under King Rudolf I. The designation as a 'city' (German: Große Kreisstadt) was despite Lindau's rather small population of only c. 24454. In 1430, about 15 of Lindau's Jews were burned at the stake after being accused of murdering a Christian child. In 1528, Lindau accepted the Protestant Reformation, following the Tetrapolitan Confession at first and subsequently the Augsburg Confession. In 1655, after the Thirty Years' War, the first Lindauer Kinderfest (children's festival) was held, in memory of the war. This festival, introduced by Councillor Valentin Heider, still makes up an important part of the town's identity. Lindau lost its status as an Imperial Free City in 1802, after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The city went to Karl August von Bretzenheim who gave Lindau and the monastery to the Kingdom of Austria in 1804. In 1805 Austria returned Lindau to Bavaria. In 1922 the independent districts of Aeschach, Hoyren and Reutin merged with the Lindau district. After World War II, Lindau fell under French administration and went firstly to Württemberg-Hohenzollern and then to the State of Baden-Württemberg. In 1955, Lindau again returned to Bavaria.
- Lindau is believed to be the origin of the Lindauer surname of Germany, Switzerland, Alsace-Lorraine, Austria and the Czech Republic. A Jewish family bearing this name is said to have descended from Suskind of Lindau, who was among those killed during the pogrom of 1430.Lindauer is also the name of a famous wine brand from New Zealand, however there is no established relationship between Lindau and the wine, which is named after painter Gottfried Lindauer.
- Lindau 的意思就源於 「生長菩提樹的河邊窪 地」 。中世紀時，林道曾 是神聖羅馬帝國統治下的帝國自由城 市，因處於交通要道而成為知名的貿 易城市。那時有一條重要的航線就叫 做 「林道信使」 （Lindauer Bote） ，連接和米蘭之間的運輸服務。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191007/PDF/b5_screen.pdf
*****洛特（Lotte）En el área de la comunidad de Lotte se encuentran tres tumbas del Neolítico de la cultura de los vasos de embudo.ロッテの町域内には、新石器時代の漏斗状ビーカー文化の墓地が3箇所ある。1410年に、共同生活兄弟会の修道院建設のためにグート・オスターベルクが売却された。
- ロッテ町内ヴェル全地区の巨石墳墓 (Sloopsteine)https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Sloopsteine.JPG
- Die Familie des späteren Bischofs der Evangelischen Kirche Hessen-Nassau, Pastor Martin Niemöller, stammt aus (dem heutigen Lotter Ortsteil) Wersen. Pastor Martin Niemöller lebte in der Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Wersen und wurde dort auch beigesetzt. Nachdem er zunächst eine sehr deutsch-kaisertreue Einstellung hatte, geriet er in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in den Widerstand und war dort aktiv in der „Bekennenden Kirche“.
- detailed japanese version
美茵茲Mainz (/maɪnts/; German: [maɪ̯nt͡s] ; Latin: Mogontiacum, French: Mayence) is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The city is located on the Rhine river at its confluence with the Main river, opposite Wiesbaden on the border with Hesse. Mainz is an independent city with a population of 206,628 (2015) and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Mainz was founded by the Romans in the 1st Century BC during the Classical antiquity era, serving as a military fortress on the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire and as the provincial capital of Germania Superior. Mainz became an important city in the 8th Century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, the Primate of Germany. Mainz is famous as the home of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of the movable-type printing press, who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bible. Historically, before the 20th century, the city was known in English as Mentz and in French as Mayence. Mainz was heavily damaged during World War II, with more than 30 air raids destroying about 80 percent of the city's center, including most of the historic buildings. Today, Mainz is a transport hub and a center of wine production.
- economist 6apr19 "where the rhine meets the pacific" an erstaz german village tries to lure south korean emigrants home
Marsberg is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.Although its origins are obscure, Marsberg was a prospering town by the 13th century (it was even minting coins). It was a free city until 1807, when it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia, until 1813. After two years of freedom, it was included into Prussia in 1815.
- 德國西北部城鎮馬斯貝格一個熱氣球，周二着陸時突然失控墜毀。熱氣球當時載有一名飛行員和十名本地遊客，十一人均受傷，其中兩人傷勢嚴重。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190606/00180_026.html
Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the River Weser. It is the capital of the district (Kreis) of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the cultural region of Minden Land. It is widely known as the intersection of the Mittelland Canal and the River Weser. The town is over 1,200 years old and has yet some buildings in the Weser Renaissance style, in addition to its architecturally symbolic 1,000-year-old cathedral.
- hkej 8aug18 shum article
- note that there is a minden row in tst, minden heights in malaysia
明斯克Regierungsbezirk Münster mostly covers rural areas of Münsterland famous for their castles, e.g. Castle Nordkirchen and Castle Ahaus. The region offers more than a hundred castles, all linked up by the cycle path 100 Schlösser Route.The history of the Regierungsbezirk dates back to 1815, when it was one of the original 25 Regierungsbezirke created as a subdivision of the provinces of Prussia.
- coat of arms include horse and the tudor flower
- people
Neuchâtel is sometimes referred to historically by the German name Neuenburg, which has the same meaning. It was originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, then part of the Holy Roman Empire and later under Prussian control from 1707 until 1848, with an interruption during the Napoleonic Wars from 1802 to 1814. In 1848, Neuchâtel became a republic and a canton of Switzerland.
Rügen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁyːɡn̩]; also lat. Rugia; Ruegen) is Germany's largest island by area. It is located off the Pomeraniancoast in the Baltic Sea and belongs to the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.Rügen, together with the Danish island of Møn on the far side of Rügen in the Baltic Sea and the area around Dover, England,[citation needed] once belonged to a large chalk plateau, which had been pushed by tectonic movements to the earth's surface. From the 7th century the West Slavic Rani (or Rujani) built an empire on Rügen and the neighbouring coast between Recknitz and Ryck. It decidedly affected the history of the Baltic Sea area and the surrounding Obodritic (in the west) and Liutician (in the south) occupied mainland for the next few centuries. In 1168, the Danish king, Valdemar I, and his army commander and advisor, Bishop Absalon of Roskilde destroyed the Svetovid temple in the hillfort at Cape Arkona, ending both the territorial and religious autonomy of the Rani; their former monarchs became Danish princes of Rügen. The Rani prince Jaromar I (died 1218) was a vassal of the Danish king and Christianized the island's inhabitants. In 1184, the Pomeranians, whose rule had previously extended as far as the land of Gützkow and to Demmin and thus made them the immediate neighbours of the now Danish Principality of Rugia, were commissioned by their overlord, the Holy Roman Emperor, to seize Rügen for the empire, but were defeated in the Bay of Greifswald. Under Danish rule the Principality of Rugia changed its character. Danish monasteries were established (e.g. Bergen Abbey in 1193 and Hilda Abbey, today Eldena Abbey, in 1199). German colonists were introduced into the land and soon they became the largest and most culturally influential group within the population. The Slavic cultural element disappeared, mostly due to the lack of their own Slavic church structures, so that the Rani were absorbed in the period that followed into the now German-influenced people of Rügen.
Salzgitter (German pronunciation: [zalt͡sˈɡɪtɐ] is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony (roughly equivalent to a metropolitan area). Until 31 March 1942, "Salzgitter" was the name of a town where the borough Salzgitter-Bad now is. From then until 1951, "Salzgitter" was the name of a borough of the city Watenstedt-Salzgitter that existed at the time. In 1951, the borough Salzgitter was renamed Salzgitter-Bad; the name Salzgitter, having thus been freed up, became the new and more succinct name of the city that had been called "Watenstedt-Salzgitter" until then. (Nowadays, "Salzgitter-Watenstedt" is the name of a small borough with a few hundred inhabitants.)
- Salzgitter originated in the beginning of the 14th century around salt springs near the village Verpstedt (later Vöppstedt). The name was derived from the neighbouring village Gitter (nowadays a city borough) as "up dem solte to Gytere", which means "salt near Gitter"; the first mention was in 1347. After 200 years of salt production at various springs, the peasantsin the area which is nowadays Salzgitter were chartered around 1350, but lost municipal law again when being transferred to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the beginning of the 16th century. Later, Salzgitter belonged to the diocese of Hildesheim. When the diocese was transferred to Prussia in 1803, the municipal law was reconfirmed, but taken away once more in 1815, when Salzgitter became part of the Kingdom of Hanover. In 1830, a brine bath was established in Salzgitter. After the Kingdom of Hanover was transferred to Prussia in 1866, Salzgitter became a Prussian municipality, which was chartered again in 1929. Prior to that, the towns Vorsalz and Liebenhall had been incorporated (in 1926 and 1928, respectively). Salzgitter now belonged to the Landkreis (district) of Goslar and included, apart from Salzgitter itself, also some small settlements like Gittertor, which is nowadays part of Salzgitter-Bad. In 1936, Kniestedt was incorporated; it is also part of Salzgitter-Bad now.
The Teutoburg Forest (German: Teutoburger Wald, colloquially: Teuto) is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. In 9 CE, this region was the site of a major Roman defeat, the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.[1] Until the 19th century the official name of the hill ridge was Osning. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 A.D. occurred in or near this region, though the exact location is disputed. The Roman historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus identified the location of the battle as saltus Teutoburgiensis (saltus meaning a forest valley in Latin). Arminius (a.k.a. Hermann the Cherusker), leader of the Germanic tribes during the battle, became something of a legend for his overwhelming victory over the Romans. During the period of national renaissance in the wake of the Napoleonic wars, German people saw him as an early protagonist of German resistance to foreign rule and a symbol of national unity.A monumental statue of Arminius commemorating the battle, known as the Hermannsdenkmal (the "Hermann monument"), was erected on the hill of Grotenburg near Detmold, close to the site where the most popular theory of the time placed the battle. Emperor William I, the first Kaiser of the unified German Empire, dedicated the monument in 1875. A monumental statue of the emperor himself was erected on the hill of Wittekindsberg in Wiehen Hills. In order to create a national landscape the Osning Hills were given the name "Teutoburg Forest", see also Teutonic. However, the old name survived among the local population and the part of the ridge around the Ebberg (309 m) near Bielefeld is still known as the Osning today.
- ******The Externsteine [ˈɛkstɐnʃtaɪnə] is a distinctive sandstone rock formation located in the Teutoburg Forest, near the town of Horn-Bad Meinberg in the Lippe district of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The formation is a tor consisting of several tall, narrow columns of rock which rise abruptly from the surrounding wooded hills. In a popular tradition going back to an idea proposed to Hermann Hamelmann in 1564, the Externsteine are identified as a sacred site of the pagan Saxons, and the location of the Irminsul idol reportedly destroyed by Charlemagne; there is however no archaeological evidence that would confirm the site's use during the relevant period.
The stones were used as the site of a hermitage in the Middle Ages, and by at least the high medieval period were the site of a Christian chapel. The Externsteine relief is a medieval depiction of the Descent from the Cross. It remains controversial whether the site was already used for Christian worship in the 8th to early 10th centuries.The Externsteine gained prominence when Völkisch and nationalistic scholars took an interest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This interest peaked under the Naziregime, when the Externsteine became a focus of Nazi propaganda. Today, they remain a popular tourist destination and also continue to attract Neo-Pagans and Neo-Nazis.
Thuringia
- Bad Frankenhausen (officially: Bad Frankenhausen/Kyffhäuser) is a spa town in the German state of Thuringia. It is located at the southern slope of the Kyffhäuser mountain range, on an artificial arm of the Wipper river, a tributary of the Unstrut. Because of the nearby Kyffhäuser monument dedicated to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, it is nicknamed Barbarossastadt. The municipality includes the villages of Seehausen, Udersleben and (since 2007) Esperstedt.Frankenhausen was first attested as a Frankish settlement in the 9th century in deeds of the Abbey of Fulda. It received town privileges in 1282 and from 1340 on was part of the County of Schwarzburg. On May 15, 1525 it was the location of the Battle of Frankenhausen, one of the last great battles of the German Peasants' War, when the insurgent peasants under Thomas Müntzer were defeated by troops of the allied Duke George of Saxony, Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Duke Henry V of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Müntzer was captured, tortured and finally beheaded at Mühlhausen on May 27. With the partition of Schwarzburg County in 1599, Frankenhausen became the capital of the Unterherrschaft subdivision of the County of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which in 1710 was raised to a principality. Prince Günther Victor was the last German monarch to abdicate, on November 23 (as Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt) and November 25, 1918 (as Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen). The succeeding short-lived Free State of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt merged into the newly created Thuringia in 1920. Since 1818 a saline water well that had been used for centuries to extract salt has been used for saline baths and medical purposes. Therefore in 1927 Frankenhausen received the official title of a spa town (Bad). In the 19th century the town was also famous for the manufacture of pearl buttons. Today it mainly depends on tourism and spa vacation. Since 1972 Frankenhausen has been a garrison town, formerly of a motorised infantry regiment of the National People's Army, from 1990 on of the 13th Mechanized Infantry Division of the German Army.
- people
Trossingen ist eine Kleinstadt auf der Baar in Baden-Württemberg. Die zweitgrößte Stadt des Landkreises Tuttlingen liegt inmitten der Region Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg. Die Hochschulstadt Trossingen ist Sitz einer staatlichen Musikhochschule, einer traditionsreichen Musikinstrumentenindustrie sowie verschiedener überregionaler musikalischer Einrichtungen und mehrerer Verbände aus dem Bereich Musik. Trossingen bezeichnet sich daher auch als Musikstadt.
Wannsee (German: [ˈvanˌzeː] ) is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee), are located on the River Havel and are separated only by the Wannsee Bridge. The history of Wannsee as a sublime suburb of Berlin began when "Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg ordered the construction of a hunting lodge, the Jagdschloss Glienicke. The castle remained for generations the hunting lodge of the Hohenzollern family and was rebuilt and expanded several times during this time. Today the castle houses an institute for social education. In 1793, the Prussian king Frederick William II, a descendant of Frederick William, acquired the island Pfaueninsel (German: "Peacock Island") in the Havel river and had the Pfaueninsel castle built for himself and his mistress Wilhelmine Enke in 1794–1797. Jagdschloss Glienicke and Pfaueninsel castle are both part of UNESCO World Heritage SitePalaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin.
- The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. The purpose of the conference, called by the director of the Reich Main Security Office SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the cooperation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of the Final solution to the Jewish question (German: Endlösung der Judenfrage), whereby most of the Jews of German-occupied Europe would be deported to occupied Poland and murdered. Conference attendees included representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the justice, interior, and state ministries, and representatives from the SS. In the course of the meeting, Heydrich outlined how European Jews would be rounded up and sent to extermination camps in the General Government (the occupied part of Poland), where they would be killed.
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191109/PDF/b3_screen.pdf 因為耳聞幾個關於它的歷史故事，孔雀島在我心中猶如一個小小的傳奇。孔雀島最初不叫孔雀島，而是叫兔子島，因為島上生活着一大群兔子；孔雀島曾是威廉三世的農場，後來動物越養越多，乾脆建成了一個動物園；孔雀島還在一九六三年舉辦過夏季奧運會的閉幕式。
- The Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin, a Japanese international school, is in Wannsee.
*******Großostheim (or Grossostheim) is a market community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. The inhabitants call themselves Aistmer.The market community of Großostheim, as a greater community, is made up of the constituent communities of Großostheim, Ringheim, Pflaumheim and Wenigumstadt. While Ringheim has always been part of Großostheim, the other two places, Pflaumheim and Wenigumstadt, have only been as much since municipal reform on 1 May 1978.Ostheim, called Großostheim since the 18th century – groß is German for “great” or “big” – had its first documentary mention in a document from the Fulda Abbey dating from sometime between 780 and 799.
- Wenigumstadt ist ein Ortsteil des Marktes Großostheim im bayerischen Landkreis Aschaffenburg.
Westphalia (/wɛstˈfeɪliə/; German: Westfalen pronounced [vɛstˈfaːlən]) is a region in northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The region is almost identical with the Province of Westphalia which was a part of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1918[6] and the Free State of Prussia from 1918 to 1946. In 1946, Westphalia merged with the Northern Rhineland, another former part of Prussia, to form the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1947, the state with its two historic parts was joined by a third one: Lippe, a former principality and free state.
- note that the historical flag and the background of its current flag is the same as that of poland
Würzburg (/ˈvɜːrtsbɜːrɡ, ˈwɜːrtsbɜːrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈvʏɐ̯tsbʊɐ̯k] ; Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian.
- A Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) refuge castle stood on the site of the present Fortress Marienberg. The former Celtic territory was settled by the Alamanni in the 4th or 5th century, and by the Franks in the 6th to 7th. Würzburg was the seat of a Merovingian duke from about 650. It was Christianized in 686 by Irish missionaries Kilian, Kolonat and Totnan. The city is mentioned in a donation by Duke Hedan II to bishop Willibrord, dated 1 May 704, in castellum Virteburch. The Ravenna Cosmography lists the city as Uburzis at about the same time.[3] The name is presumably of Celtic origin, but based on a folk etymological connection to the German word Würze "herb, spice", the name was Latinized as Herbipolis in the medieval period. Beginning in 1237, the city seal depicted the cathedral and a portrait of Saint Kilian, with the inscription SIGILLVM CIVITATIS HERBIPOLENSIS. It shows a banner on a tilted lance, formerly in a blue field, with the banner quarterly argent and gules (1532), later or and gules (1550). This coat of arms replaced the older seal of the city, showing Saint Kilian, from 1570. The first diocese was founded by Saint Boniface in 742 when he appointed the first bishop of Würzburg, Saint Burkhard. The bishops eventually created a duchy with its center in the city, which extended in the 12th century to Eastern Franconia. The city was the seat of several Imperial Diets, including the one of 1180, in which Henry the Lion was banned from the Empire and his duchy was handed over to Otto of Wittelsbach. Massacres of Jews took place in 1147 and 1298. The first church on the site of the present Würzburg Cathedral was built as early as 788, and consecrated that same year by Charlemagne; the current building was constructed from 1040 to 1225 in Romanesque style. The University of Würzburg was founded in 1402 and re-founded in 1582. The citizens of the city revolted several times against the prince-bishop. In 1397, King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had visited the city and promised its people the status of a free Imperial City. However,the German ruling princes forced him to withdraw these promises. In 1400, the citizenry was decisively defeated by the troops of the bishop in the Schlacht von Bergtheim, and the city fell under his control permanently until the dissolution of the fiefdom.
- The Würzburg witch trials, which occurred between 1626 and 1631, are one of the largest peace-time mass trials. In Würzburg, under Bishop Philip Adolf an estimated number between 600 and 900 alleged witches were burnt. In 1631, Swedish King Gustaf Adolf invaded the town and plundered the castle. In 1720, the foundations of the Würzburg Residence were laid. In 1796, the Battle of Würzburg between Habsburg Austria and the First French Republic took place. The city passed to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1803, but two years later, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars, it became the seat of the Electorate of Würzburg (until September 1806), the later Grand Duchy of Würzburg. In 1814, the town became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria and a new bishopric was created seven years later, as the former one had been secularized in 1803 (see also Reichsdeputationshauptschluss). In 1817, Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Bauer founded Schnellpressenfabrik Koenig & Bauer (the world's first printing press manufacturer).[citation needed] On the eve of the Nazis' rise to power, 2,000 Jews lived in Würzburg; it was a community of tradesmen and professionals. Würzburg was a rabbinic center and home to many Jewish communal organisations and the Jewish Teachers Seminary. In November 1941, the first Jews from Würzburg were sent to the Nazi concentration camps in Eastern Europe. The final transport departed in June 1943. Few[weasel words] survived.
- university of wurzburg's Institute of Fan Culture researches and analyzes fan cultures and the issues and problems associated with them.
- ***wurzburg residence
autonomous governments
- Büsingen am Hochrhein ("Buesingen on the High Rhine"), commonly known as Büsingen, is a German town (7.62 km2 or 2.94 sq mi) entirely surrounded by the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and, south across the High Rhine, by the Swiss cantons of Zürich and Thurgau. It has a population of about 1,450 inhabitants. Since the early 19th century, the town has been separated from the rest of Germany by a narrow strip of land (at its narrowest, about 700 m wide) containing the Swiss village of Dörflingen. Administratively, Büsingen is part of Germany, forming part of the district of Konstanz, in the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, but economically, it forms part of the Swiss customs area, as do the independent principality of Liechtenstein and the Italian town of Campione d'Italia. There are no border controls between Switzerland and Büsingen or the rest of Germany since Switzerland joined the Schengen Area in 2008/09. On 9 September 1957, a conference between Switzerland and Germany was held in Locarno, with the target to regulate jurisdictions of both countries in Büsingen. A treaty was signed on 23 November 1964 and came into effect on 4 October 1967.
Trade policy
- ttip
- currencies pegged to DM
trade and investment environment
- working population
Manufacturing
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21678774-europes-biggest-economy-rightly-worried-digitisation-threat-its-industrial the much-discussed “internet of things” (IoT) is becoming a reality on factory floors: industrial machines and the products they make are increasingly packed with sensors and connected to the internet (see Schumpeter). As a result, the rules in many industries, from construction equipment to cars, are changing: making things matters less and knowing things more. In many cases the successful companies will no longer be the ones that make the best products, but the ones that gather the best data and combine them to offer the best digital services. And the biggest winners of all may be those that control a “platform”, a layer of software that combines different kinds of devices, data and services, on top of which other firms can build their own offerings—just as Trumpf is trying to do with Axoom. Mastering this sort of transformation ought to be on the agenda of any country with a big manufacturing base (see chart 1). But nowhere is the sense of urgency more developed than in Germany, where the fear that digitisation threatens its position as a leading industrial nation has been given added piquancy by Volkswagen’s recent emissions scandals. The first half of the battle to master the digital world was lost, according to Timotheus Höttges, the boss of Deutsche Telekom. “The question now is: how do we win the second half?”
Industry
- banks
- industrial gas
People
- Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈʔaːdənaʊ̯ɐ] ; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He led his country from the ruins of World War II to a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power, West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity ("Wirtschaftswunder", German for "economic miracle").[3] He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country. Konrad Adenauer was born as the third of five children of Johann Konrad Adenauer (1833–1906) and his wife Helene (née Scharfenberg; 1849–1919) in Cologne, Rhenish Prussia, on 5 January 1876.[5] His siblings were August (1872–1952), Johannes (1873–1937), Lilli (1879–1950) and Elisabeth, who died shortly after birth in c. 1880. One of the formative influences of Adenauer's youth was the Kulturkampf, an experience that as related to him by his parents left him with a lifelong dislike for "Prussianism", and led him like many other Catholic Rhinelanders of the 19th century to deeply resent the Rhineland's inclusion in Prussia.
- Willy Brandt (German: [ˈvɪliː ˈbʁant]; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe.[1] He was the first Social Democrat chancellor[2] since 1930.Fleeing to Norway and then Sweden during the Nazi regime and working as a left-wing journalist, he took the name Willy Brandt as a pseudonym to avoid detection by Nazi agents, and then formally adopted the name in 1948. Brandt was originally considered one of the leaders of the right wing of the SPD, and earned initial fame as Governing Mayor of West Berlin. He served as Foreign Minister and as Vice Chancellor in Kurt Georg Kiesinger's cabinet, and became chancellor in 1969. As chancellor, he maintained West Germany's close alignment with the United States and focused on strengthening European integration in western Europe, while launching the new policy of Ostpolitikaimed at improving relations with Eastern Europe. Brandt was controversial on both the right wing, for his Ostpolitik, and on the left wing, for his support of American policies, including the Vietnam War, and right-wing authoritarian regimes. The Brandt Report became a recognised measure for describing the general North-South divide in world economics and politics between an affluent North and a poor South. Brandt was also known for his fierce anti-communist policies at the domestic level, culminating in the Radikalenerlass (Anti-Radical Decree) in 1972.Brandt resigned as chancellor in 1974, after Günter Guillaume, one of his closest aides, was exposed as an agent of the Stasi, the East German secret service.Willy Brandt was born Herbert Ernst Carl Frahm in the Free City of Lübeck (German Empire) on 18 December 1913. His mother was Martha Frahm (16 March 1894 – 3 August 1969)[citation needed] a single parent, who worked as a cashier for a department store. His father was an accountant from Hamburg named John Heinrich Möller (1887–1958)[4] whom Brandt never met. As his mother worked six days a week, he was mainly brought up by his mother's stepfather, Ludwig Frahm (1875–1935), and his second wife, Dora.[citation needed]He joined the "Socialist Youth" in 1929 and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1930. He left the SPD to join the more left wing Socialist Workers Party (SAP), which was allied to the POUM in Spain and the Independent Labour Party in Britain. After passing his Abitur in 1932 at Johanneum zu Lübeck, he became an apprentice at the shipbroker and ship's agent F. H. Bertling. In 1933, using his connections with the port and its ships, he left Germany for Norway to escape Nazi persecution. It was at this time that he adopted the pseudonym Willy Brandt to avoid detection by Nazi agents. In 1934, he took part in the founding of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations, and was elected to its secretariat.[citation needed]Brandt was in Germany from September to December 1936, disguised as a Norwegian student named Gunnar Gaasland. The real Gunnar Gaasland was married to Gertrud Meyer from Lübeck in a marriage of convenience to protect her from deportation. Meyer had joined Brandt in Norway in July 1933. In 1937, during the Civil War, Brandt worked in Spain as a journalist. In 1938, the German government revoked his citizenship, so he applied for Norwegian citizenship. In 1940, he was arrested in Norway by occupying German forces, but was not identified as he wore a Norwegian uniform. On his release, he escaped to neutral Sweden. In August 1940, he became a Norwegian citizen, receiving his passport from the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, where he lived until the end of the war. Willy Brandt lectured in Sweden on 1 December 1940 at Bommersvik College about problems experienced by the social democrats in Nazi Germany and the occupied countries at the start of the Second World War. In exile in Norway and Sweden, Brandt learned Norwegian and Swedish. Brandt spoke Norwegian fluently, and retained a close relationship with Norway.[citation needed]In late 1946, Brandt returned to Berlin, working for the Norwegian government. In 1948, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and became a German citizen again, formally adopting the pseudonym Willy Brandt as his legal name.
- jakob fugger
- bmv
- vietnamese
Monarchy
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21654111-traditional-centre-berlin-new-and-former-castle-rising-what-would-kaiser-say FOR five centuries Berlin grew out from its political centre, the castle of the Hohenzollerns, as the dynasty rose from imperial electors of Brandenburg to kings of Prussia and finally emperors of Germany. The expanding edifice reflected this. Andreas Schlüter, a Baroque star, made it grand in the 18th century. Karl-Friedrich Schinkel, a 19th-century titan, surrounded it with neoclassical temples. When the last Kaiser fled into Dutch exile in 1918, the building ceased to be a power centre. After 1945 it also stopped being the city’s heart, because the bombed-out ruin was in the Soviet sector. In 1950 the East Germans blew up this symbol of Prussian imperialism, replacing it in the 1970s with a “palace of the republic”, an architectural atrocity with orange windows and asbestos inside. After reunification and the capital’s return from Bonn to Berlin, the question of what to do with this historic space arose again. The Bundestag and chancellery were farther west, beyond the Brandenburg Gate that marked the old city boundary. The castle’s site was to have a vaguely cultural function. But what? After the palace of the republic was razed in 2006-08 a vast gap yawned at the end of Unter den Linden, which once led from the Brandenburg Gate to the castle but now “was like a joke without a punch line”, as one commentator put it.
- people
- "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" (English: "God Save Emperor Francis", lit. "God save Francis the Emperor") is a personal anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Austrian Empire. The lyrics were by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827), and the melody by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne" (Emperor's Hymn). Haydn's tune has since been widely employed in other contexts: in works of classical music, in Christian hymns, in alma maters, and as the tune of the "Deutschlandlied", the national anthem of Germany.
gold reserve
- http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/09/germany-brings-its-gold-stash-home-sooner-than-planned.html
SME (mittelstand)
- Hidden Champions in SMEs http://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/mittelstand/markenranking-deutschlands-hidden-champions-2013/8955312.html#image
- KfW Mittelstandspanel https://www.kfw.de/KfW-Group/KfW-Research/Economic-Research/Publikationen/KfW-Mittelstandspanel/
M&A
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21621813-why-german-firms-are-rampage-across-pond-germans-are-coming-again
Electricity shortage
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5061a3e6-7347-11e4-907b-00144feabdc0.html Germany has made a dramatic appeal to Sweden to help it out of an energy dilemma that threatens Europe’s biggest economy as it shifts away from nuclear power and fossil fuels to renewable energy. Sigmar Gabriel, Germany’s vice-chancellor, warned Sweden’s new prime minister Stefan Löfven last month that there would be “serious consequences” for electricity supplies and jobs if Sweden’s state-owned utility Vattenfall ditched plans to expand two coal mines in the northeast of Germany.
vietnam
- The German Foreign Ministry has given a second Vietnamese diplomat four weeks to leave the country because of "evidence that he was involved" in the kidnapping of former Vietnamese oil executive Trinh Xuan Thanh, spokesman Rainer Breul said on Friday. After not receiving an "adequate response" from Vietnam, the Foreign Ministry posted on its Twitter account on Friday, "We have therefore expelled another Vietnamese diplomat from Germany."Germany expelled a Vietnamese intelligence officer in August for also allegedly being connected to the kidnapping, which German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel said involved methods "one sees in thriller films about the Cold War." Czech authorities last month arrested and extradited a Vietnamese secret service agent, who is currently being held in Berlin.http://www.dw.com/en/germany-expels-second-vietnamese-diplomat-for-involvement-in-alleged-kidnapping/a-40645989
chinese
- 華人遍佈全球，截至2016年全球海外華人超過5,000萬。德國作為歐洲著名的移民國家，竟沒半條唐人街。《蘋果》記者直擊柏林，當地華人指「德國不准興建唐人街」，但當地學者及學生認為德政府視唐人街影響社會融合，加上強迫外人學習德文，變相瓦解華人興建唐人街自成一國的決心。https://hk.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/article/20180812/20474586
- scmp 17jul19 chinese buyers rent german homes to fellow mainlanders
- 中國女學者楊蓉西在乳腺癌方面的研究成果，早前被德國海德堡大學醫學院附屬婦科醫院院長佐恩的團隊剽竊。德媒報道，該校的獨立調查委員會研究後，已暫停佐恩未來三個月在校內的研究和教學工作，該院院長和首席執行官等多名高層亦已辭職。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190811/00178_018.html
- literature
China
- leaders visit
- federal state recruits chinese investors http://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2014-07/08/content_15147307.html
- military
- industry 4.0
- china festival
- investors from china
- joint venture to access chinese and asian market
- 德國國會當地時間周一就與台灣建交請願案舉行聽證會，該國外交部官員會上重申「一中政策」，不允許柏林與台北建立正式外交關係，但德國與台灣有共同價值，雙方的非官方往來十分豐富且全面，德國也將台灣視為在經貿、科技等領域上的重要夥伴。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191211/00178_002.html
Hong Kong
- cg in hk
Country promotion website
- http://www.young-germany.de/
- http://www.land-der-ideen.de/
- https://www.deutschland.de/en / de magazin
亞琛 Aachen (German pronunciation: [ˈaːxn̩] ) or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle (French pronunciation: [ɛkslaʃapɛl]), is a spa and border city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Aachen developed from a Roman settlement and spa, subsequently becoming the preferred medieval Imperial residence of Charlemagne, and, from 936 to 1531, the place where 31 Holy Roman Emperors were crowned Kings of the Germans.The name "Aachen" is a modern descendant, like southern German Ach(e), German: Aach, meaning "river" or "stream", from Old High German ahha, meaning "water" or "stream", which directly translates (and etymologically corresponds to) Latin Aquae, referring to the springs. The location has been inhabited by humans since the Neolithic era, about 5,000 years ago, attracted to its warm mineral springs. Latin Aquae figures in Aachen's Roman name Aquae granni, which meant "waters of Grannus", referring to the Celtic god of healing who was worshipped at the springs. This word became Åxhe in Walloon and Aixin French, and subsequently Aix-la-Chapelle after Charlemagne had his palatine chapel built there in the late 8th century and then made the city his empire's capital. Aachen's name in French and German evolved in parallel. The city is known by a variety of different names in other languages.
- Aachen was chosen as the site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the first congress of Aachen (often referred to as the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English) on 2 May 1668, leading to the First Treaty of Aachen in the same year which ended the War of Devolution. The second congress ended with the second treaty in 1748, ending the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1789, there was a constitutional crisis in the Aachen government,[34] and in 1794 Aachen lost its status as a free imperial city.On 9 February 1801, the Peace of Lunéville removed the ownership of Aachen and the entire "left bank" of the Rhine from Germany and granted it to France. In 1815, control of the town was passed to Prussia, by an act passed by the Congress of Vienna. The third congress took place in 1818, to decide the fate of occupied Napoleonic France. By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation had swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt[clarification needed] remains of the city's medieval constitution were kept in place (compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein) until 1801, when Aachen became the "chef-lieu du département de la Roer" in Napoleon's First French Empire. In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Prussia took over. The city was one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century. Administered within the Rhine Province, by 1880 the population was 80,000. Starting in 1838, the railway from Cologne to Belgium passed through Aachen. The city suffered extreme overcrowding and deplorable sanitary conditions until 1875, when the medieval fortifications were finally abandoned as a limit to building and new, better housing was built in the east of the city, where sanitary drainage was easiest. In December 1880, the Aachen tramway network was opened, and in 1895 it was electrified. In the 19th century and up to the 1930s, the city was important in the production of railway locomotives and carriages, iron, pins, needles, buttons, tobacco, woollen goods, and silk goods.After World War I, Aachen was occupied by the Allies until 1930, along with the rest of German territory west of the Rhine.Aachen was one of the locations involved in the ill-fated Rhenish Republic. On 21 October 1923, an armed band took over the city hall. Similar actions took place in Mönchen-Gladbach, Duisburg, and Krefeld. This republic lasted only about a year. Aachen was heavily damaged during World War II.
Augsburg (German: [ˈaʊksbʊɐ̯k] ; Austro-Bavarian: Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and regional seat of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg.After Neuss and Trier, Augsburg is Germany's third oldest city, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augusta Vindelicorum, named after the Roman emperor Augustus. It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European banking in the 16th century. The city played a leading role in the Reformation as the site of the 1530 Augsburg Confession and 1555 Peace of Augsburg. The Fuggerei, the oldest social housing complex in the world, was founded in 1513 by Jakob Fugger.
- Allegedly Cisa (dea Ciza) was the city goddess of Augsburg. A representation of the Cisa can be seen on the weather vane of the Perlachturm; moreover, according to legend, some representations on the bronze doors of the cathedral are said to indicate the goddess. The mountain on which her temple is said to have stood was called "Zisenberk". The golden vane on top of Perlach-Tower next to city hall is the original likeness of the goddess from the 15th century.
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-interesting-piece-of-European-history-that-most-non-Europeans-dont-know-about In 1528, the leader of Augsburg loaned the Habsburg Emperor Charles V a large sum of money. The emperor, however, did not have the money to pay back so, instead of giving a cash settlement, he gifted Augsburg the colony of Venezuela (which was renamed Klein-Venedig). Unsurprisingly, they were unable to maintain this colony so the Habsburgs took it back 18 years later.
- very detailed chinese, japanese and deutsch wiki versions
Baden-Baden is a spa town located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. The springs at Baden-Baden were known to the Romans as Aquae ("The Waters")[citation needed] and Aurelia Aquensis ("Aurelia-of-the-Waters") after M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus. In modern German, Baden is a noun meaning "bathing" but Baden, the original name of the town, derives from an earlier plural formof Bad ("bath"). (The modern plural has become Bäder.) As with the English placename "Bath", various other Badens are at hot springs throughout Central Europe. The current doubled name arose to distinguish it from the others,[4] particularly Baden near Viennain Austria and Baden near Zürich in Switzerland. It is a reference to the Margraviate of Baden-Baden (1535–1771), a subdivision of the Margraviate of Baden, the territory named after the town. Baden-Baden got its formal name in 1931.
- Roman settlement at Baden-Baden has been dated as far back as the emperor Hadrian, but on dubious authority. The known ruins of the Roman bath were rediscovered just below the New Castle in 1847[2] and date to the reign of Caracalla (ad 210s),[8] who visited the area to relieve his arthritic aches. The facilities were used by the Roman garrison in Strasbourg. The town fell into ruin but its church was first constructed in the 7th century.[8] By 1112, it was the seat of the Margraviate of Baden.[8] The Lichtenthal Convent (Kloster Lichtenthal) was founded in 1254.[8] The margraves initially used Hohenbaden Castle (the Old Castle, Altes Schloss), whose ruins still occupy the summit above the town, but they completed and moved to the New Castle (Neues Schloss) in 1479.[2] Baden suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War, particularly at the hands of the French, who plundered it in 1643.[2] They returned to occupy the city in 1688 at the onset of the Nine Years' War, burning it to the ground the next year.[8] The margravine Sibylla rebuilt the New Castle in 1697, but the margrave Louis William removed his seat to Rastatt in 1706.[2] The Stiftskirche was rebuilt in 1753 and houses the tombs of several of the margraves. The town began its recovery in the late 18th century, serving as a refuge for émigrés from the French Revolution.
- The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. It then became the much-enlarged[1] Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empirein 1803–06 and was a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden. Baden was bordered to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt; to the west,[1] along most of its length, by the river Rhine, which separated Baden from the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate and Alsace in modern France; to the south by Switzerland; and to the east by the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Bavaria. After World War II, the French military government in 1945 created the state of Baden (originally known as "South Baden") out of the southern half of the former Baden, with Freiburg as its capital. This portion of the former Baden was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the old Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was combined with northern Württemberg, becoming part of the American military zone, and formed the state of Württemberg-Baden. Both Baden and Württemberg-Baden became states of West Germany upon its formation in 1949. In 1952 Baden merged with Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (southern Württemberg and the former Prussian exclave of Hohenzollern) to form Baden-Württemberg. This is the only merger of states that has taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. The unofficial anthem of Baden is called "Badnerlied" (Song of the People of Baden) and consists of four or five traditional verses.
- very curious ---- De Gaulle disappeared during the 1968 unrest and met with General Massu in Baden-Baden
Berlin
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21637421-german-capital-famous-its-edgy-urbanity-and-quality-life-looks-tired-losing-its-cool?zid=307&ah=5e80419d1bc9821ebe173f4f0f060a07
cologne
- people
- Felix von Hartmann (15 December 1851 – 11 November 1919) was a German prelate, who was Archbishop of Cologne from 1912 to 1919. Felix von Hartmann was born in Münster, the child of the second marriage of government official Albert von Hartmann.[1] The family was close to the Westphalian aristocracy and served in a manner similar to the traditional Prussian public servants. After finishing his courses at Gymnasium Paulinum in Westphalia, he attended the Roman Catholic boarding school Collegium Augustinianum Gaesdonck, where Hermann Dingelstad, later Bishop of Münster, was his teacher. In 1870, he enrolled in a theological school in Westphalia, and on 19 December 1874, he was ordained a priest. Because the "Kulturkampf" ("culture war") made employment in Germany impossible, he went to Rome, where he became Chaplain of S. Maria dell'Anima, the German church in Rome, and simultaneously started his study of Canon law. In 1877 he earned the title of Dr. jur. can. (doctor of canon law) and returned to Westphalia in 1879, where he became chaplain in the parishes of Havixbeck and Emmerich.On 29 October 1912, von Hartmann was selected as archbishop of Cologne and was enthroned on 19 April 1913. On 2 May 1914, Pope Pius X made him a Cardinal. From 1914 until his death, he was the leader of the Conference of German Bishops in Fulda. When he arrived in Cologne at the height of the trade union strike, his main concern were the Catholic workers' organizations. In this issue he succeeded in assuming a flexible attitude and starting in 1913, he also openly endorsed the interdenominational trade unions. Whereas he found support for his stance in Cologne and some other places many others considered his opinion to be a stab in the back. Cardinal Kopp even tried to block his ordination as Cardinal because of this. Often, and certainly accurately, described as patriotic and loyal to the monarchy, those around him always saw him as a political conservative, given which his restraint with reference to the Centre Party is self-explanatory. In addition, he did not support the abolition of the "Dreiklassenwahlrecht", a system which allocated voting rights according to how much tax one paid, because he feared that is would benefit the Social Democrats (SPD). He was convinced of the legitimacy of World War I, and in 1915 went to Rome personally to explain the German government's view on the Belgian question. The risk-averse and conflict-shy Hartmann sought in this manner to escape at any price from the Belgian Cardinal Mercier. When Mercier asked the German episcopate in 1916 to acquit the Belgian population from the reproach of partisan warfare, Hartmann could barely be hindered to make a public statement in response, which would have drawn the episcopate into the nationalist polemic debate. In general Felix von Hartmann cared for the cure of souls, for prisoners of war and for mercy for many foreigners that were sentenced by German war tribunals. Therefore, he travelled to the Western Front in the summer of 1916 and continued to maintain good contacts with Kaiser Wilhelm II even after the fall of the German Empire.
库克斯港市 Cuxhaven ( [kʊksˈhaːfən]) is an independent town and seat of the Cuxhaven district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Cuxhaven is home to an important fisherman's wharf and ship registration point for Hamburg as well as the Kiel Canal until 2008. Tourism is also of great importance. The city and its precursor Ritzebüttel belonged to Hamburg from the 13th century until 1937. The island of Neuwerk, a Hamburg dependency, is located just northwest of Cuxhaven in the North Sea. The city's symbol, known as the Kugelbake, is a beacon once used as a lighthouse; the wooden landmark on the mouth of the Elbe marks the boundary between the river and the North Sea and also adorns the city's coat of arms.
- ft 11mar19 German port casts anxious eye across the sea at Brexit
達豪Dachau ( [ˈdaxaʊ]) is a town in Upper Bavaria, in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town—a Große Kreisstadt—of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich with roughly 45,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of town with its 18th-century castle is situated on an elevation and visible over a great distance. Dachau was founded in the 9th century.The town is also known for its proximity to the infamous Dachau concentration camp built in 1933 by the Nazis, in which tens of thousands of prisoners died.The origin of the name is not known, it possibly originated with the Celts who lived there before the Germans came. An alternative idea is that it comes from the old high German word daha meaning clay, and ouwe, water overflown land.
- As the Amper River would divert into backwaters in several places, there were many fords making it possible to cross the river. The oldest findings of human presence here date back to the Stone Age. The most noteworthy findings were discovered near Feldgeding in the adjoining municipality Bergkirchen. Around 1000 B.C. the Celts arrived in this area and settled. The name “Dachau” originated in the Celtic Dahauua, which roughly translates to “loamy meadow” and also alludes to the loamy soil of the surrounding hills. Some theories assume the name “Amper” river may derive from the Celtic word for “water”. Approximately at the turn of the first millennium the Romans conquered the area and incorporated it into the province of Rhaetia. A Roman trade road between Salzburg and today’s Augsburg is said to have run through Dachau.
- there is no deutsch wikipedia version
- note town's name in russian
- there is snake and 丫义 in coat of arms
- strange pronunciation of "ch" in the name
dresden
- hkej 22may19 shum article
- 德累斯頓是歐洲反回教組織「歐洲反西方伊斯蘭化愛國者」（PEGIDA）的發源地，PEGIDA現時每周仍在當地舉行集會。在今年九月的地選中，主張右翼民粹主義及反移民的德國另類選擇黨，取得28%得票的佳績。左翼市議員（Max Aschenbach）直指「這座城市有納粹問題」，憂慮市內出現反民主、反多元化、涉及暴力的歧視及極右思想抬頭，因此提出納粹緊急狀態的方案，最終獲市議會支持該個反極端主義、稱為「納粹緊急狀態」的方案。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191104/00180_013.html
Duisburg has the world's largest inland port, "Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen", in Duisburg-Ruhrort. Germany's third largest and the Rhine-Ruhr region's main airport, Düsseldorf Airport, lies nearby the city, in Düsseldorf-Lohausen. Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been the major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the "Hellweg", an important medieval trade route, and at a ford across the Rhine. The Romans already guarded the ford.
- china
- Por otra parte, la línea de ferrocarril Yuxinou une la ciudad china de Chongqing con Duisburgo. Pasa a través del paso de Alataw en Kazajistán, y circula a través de Rusia, Bielorrusia y Polonia antes de llegar a Duisburgo.1 Este ferrocarril es parte de una red ferroviaria que conecta cada vez más a China y Europa.
- china daily 3dec18 duisburg revives in chinese rail freight
Dülmen is a town in the district of Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The place was first mentioned as Dulmenni in 889, as a property of Werden Abbey. Dülmen received town privileges in 1311. It joined the Hanseatic League in 1470. It was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster until it was mediatised in 1803. After a short period in the hands of the House of Croÿ, it was taken by the French in 1811. After the defeat of Napoleon, it became part of the Prussian Province of Westphalia. The Dülmen oil plant was a target of the Oil Campaign of World War II: 90% of the city was destroyed[citation needed] and the city was rebuilt after the war.
Düsseldorf
- japan
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200512/PDF/b3_screen.pdf杜塞爾多夫和日本的緊密交往可以追溯到第二次世界大戰。二戰結束後，日本對機械和重工業產品的需求激增，而緊鄰重工業中心魯爾區的杜塞爾多夫作為重要的交通樞紐滿足了日本的貿易需求。從五十年代開始，三菱等日企在杜塞爾多夫順利拉開了和德國商業發展合作的序幕。隨着日本社會的飛速發展，日企在德國的投資不斷增多，與此同時，日本在德社群也不斷擴張。 時至今日，杜塞爾多夫的日企數量多達四百個，日本社群人數則將近八千五百人，構成了歐洲範圍內除了倫敦和巴黎之外最大的日本社區。伊默曼大街上地道的日本料理店和漫畫店，以及市內靜雅別致的日本庭院無一例外都彰顯著這座西德時尚都市特有的日本風情。 自二○○二年起，杜塞爾多夫每年五月至六月會舉辦盛大的日本文化節。儘管今年受疫情影響，這一節慶活動已告取消，但它無疑是世界上最大的日本文化推廣活動之一，吸引着近百萬遊客，甚至超過杜塞爾多夫的總人口數。「日本節」起初由日本企業支持，隨後由德國政府主辦，並獲得當地日本社區支援。 節日期間，城市內設有專門區域舉辦活動，內容包括日本美食售賣、日本傳統和現代流行文化的介紹和形式多樣的演出活動。
Erlstätt ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Grabenstätt im Landkreis Traunstein. Das Pfarrdorf liegt im Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern, etwa sechs Kilometer südöstlich des Chiemsees und 15 Kilometer nördlich der Chiemgauer Alpen auf einer Höhe von 559 m ü. NN. Unmittelbar nordwestlich von Erlstätt verlief die Römerstraße Via Julia. Der Meilenstein von Erlstätt war bis 1780 in der Kirchhofsmauer von Erlstätt verbaut. Darauf wurde er Teil eines Bildstocks, der noch heute in unmittelbarer Nähe der ehemaligen Römerstraße aufgestellt ist, und erst 1840 als Meilenstein erkannt. Die Notitia Arnonis erwähnt "Ad Erlastedi ecclesia cum territorio" (übersetzt: In Erlstätt eine Kirche mit Grundbesitz). Der Pfarrsitz der Urpfarrei Erlstätt wurde spätestens 1263 nach Haslach verlegt. Die politische Gemeinde Erlstätt entstand mit dem Gemeindeedikt von 1818. 1950 wurde Erlstätt wieder eine selbstständige katholische Pfarrei. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurden die bisherigen Gemeinden Grabenstätt, Erlstätt und Oberhochstätt zu einer neuen Gemeinde mit dem Namen Grabenstätt zusammengeschlossen.
- only available wikipedia version is aragones
- economist article 7apr18 mentioning the onion dome - rittbitlen?
Fürth ([fʏʁt] ; East Franconian: Färdd; Yiddish: פיורדא, Fiurda) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia. Fürth is one of 23 "major centres" in Bavaria. Fürth, Nuremberg, Erlangen and some smaller towns form the "Middle Franconian Conurbation", which is one of the 11 German metropolitan regions. Fürth celebrated its thousandth anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007. The name "Fürth" derives from the German word for "ford", as the first settlements originated around a ford. In the following years, Fürth was granted market privileges, but these were later lost to the neighbouring Nuremberg, under Heinrich III. From 1062 onward, Fürth was again permitted to have a market, but by that time Nuremberg was already the more important town.In the Thirty Years War, Fürth was almost completely destroyed by fire. In 1835, the first German railway was opened between Nuremberg and Fürth. Throughout the Cold War, Fürth had a significant NATO presence, especially the U.S. Army, due to its proximity to both the East German and Czech borders.
- The position enjoyed by Jews in Fürth (compared with other towns) led to the sobriquet "Franconian Jerusalem", though this is based on an older, pejoratively intended reference to Fürth. Jewish residents are mentioned as early as 1440; in 1528 the Margrave of Ansbach, George the Pious, permitted two Jews, Perman und Uriel, to settle in Fürth (in return for high taxes), and from then on the number of Jewish residents increased. By the 17th century, there was a local Yeshiva (Talmudic academy) of considerable repute, and in 1617, a synagogue was built. In 1653, the first Jewish hospital in Germany (and Fürth's first hospital) was built. When Emperor Leopold I deported the Viennese Jews in 1670, many upper-class Jewish families moved to Fürth, and by 1716 there were about 400 Jewish families in the town.
- furth torah
- The Fürth coat of arms depicts a green trefoil (three-leaved clover) on a white (argent) background. The town colours are green and white. The trefoil first appeared on a seal of the governor of the city for the Bamberg Diocese, which depicted a trefoil held by a hand and between two crescents. Its origin is unclear, but the trefoil probably represents the three powers responsible for Fürth during the Middle Ages as well as being a symbol of the Trinity. From 1792 onward, there were three trefoils on a triple hill. In 1818, the town acquired a new coat of arms depicting a green trefoil surrounded by an oak branch (acorned). This coat of arms was retained for over 100 years. However, in 1939, the oak branch was removed. At that time, a new flag was introduced; it had two green stripes on a green background and the coat of arms on a green background on the upper part. Later, however, the flag was simplified to the colours white (below) and green (above).
Frankfurt
- free city of frankfurt
- For almost five centuries, the German city of Frankfurt was a city-state within two major Germanic entities:
Frankfurt was a major city of the Holy Roman Empire, being the seat of imperial elections since 885 and the city for imperial coronations from 1562 (previously in Free Imperial City of Aachen) until 1792. Frankfurt was declared an Imperial Free City (Reichsstadt) in 1372, making the city an entity of Imperial immediacy, meaning immediately subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman.Due to its imperial significance, Frankfurt survived mediatisation in 1803. Following the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Frankfurt fell to the rule of Napoleon I, who granted the city to Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg; the city became known as the Principality of Frankfurt. The Catholic clergy Dalberg emancipated the Catholics living with the city boundary. In 1810 Dalberg merged Frankfurt with the Principality of Aschaffenburg, the County of Wetzlar, Fulda, and Hanau to form the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. After the defeat of Napoleon and the collapse of the Confederation of the Rhine, Frankfurt was returned to its pre-Napoleonic constitution via the Congress of Vienna of 1815 and became a sovereign city-state and a member of the German Confederation.During the period of the German Confederation, Frankfurt continued to be a major city. The confederation's governing body, the Bundestag (officially called the Bundesversammlung, Federal Assembly) was located in the palace of Thurn und Taxis in Frankfurt's city centre. During the Revolutions of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament was formed in an attempt to unite the German states in a democratic manner. It was here that Prussian king, Frederick William IV refused the offer of the crown of "Little Germany".In 1866 the Kingdom of Prussia went to war with the Austrian Empire over Schleswig-Holstein, causing the Austro-Prussian War. Frankfurt, remaining loyal to the German Confederation, did not join with Prussia. Following Prussia's victory, Frankfurt was annexed by Prussia, becoming part of the newly formed province of Hesse-Nassau.- hessian
- ochsle mnetioned the hessian metropolis of frankfurt am main, and frankfurters are partial to ebbelwoi - wine made from apples
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20161011/00202_005.html 德國法蘭克福市經濟促進局國際商務部亞洲事務部主管余寶蓮稱，短短十年間，法蘭克福的中資企業數目幾近倍增至392間。
盖尔森基兴 Gelsenkirchen was first documented in 1150, but it remained a tiny village until the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution led to the growth of the entire area. In 1840, when the mining of coal began, 6,000 inhabitants lived in Gelsenkirchen; in 1900 the population had increased to 138,000. In the early 20th century, Gelsenkirchen was the most important coal mining town in Europe. It was called the "city of a thousand fires" for the flames of mine gases flaring at night. In 1928, Gelsenkirchen was merged with the adjoining cities of Buer and Gelsenkirchen-Horst. The city bore the name Gelsenkirchen-Buer, until it was renamed Gelsenkirchen in 1930. During the Nazi era Gelsenkirchen remained a centre of coal production and oil refining, and for this reason it was bombed in Allied air raids during World War II. There are no longer colliers in Gelsenkirchen with the city searching for a new image, having been hit for decades with one of the highest unemployment rates in Germany. Today Germany's largest solar power plant is located in the city.Although the part of town now called Buer was first mentioned by Heribert I in a document as Puira in 1003, there were hunting people on a hill north of the Emscher as early as the Bronze Age – and therefore earlier than 1000 BC. They did not live in houses as such, but in small yards gathered together near each other. Later, the Romans pushed into the area. In about 700, the region was settled by the Saxons. A few other parts of town which today lie in Gelsenkirchen's north end were mentioned in documents from the early Middle Ages, some examples being: Raedese (nowadays Resse), Middelvic (Middelich, today part of Resse), Sutheim (Sutum; today part of Beckhausen) and Sculven (nowadays Scholven). Many nearby farming communities were later identified as iuxta Bure ("near Buer").
- In Gelsenkirchen gibt es eine jüdische Gemeinde, die durch den Zuzug einer größeren Zahl aus der Sowjetunion bzw. der Russischen Föderation Ausgewanderter in den letzten Jahren gewachsen ist. The qahal (Hebrew: קהל) was a theocratic organizational structure in ancient Israelite society according to the Hebrew Bible.[1] In later centuries, Qahal was the name of the autonomous governments of Ashkenazi Jews until being abolished in the 1840s.Das Wort Kehillah hebräisch קְהִלׇּה ḳehillah oder qehillah, in aschkenasischer Aussprache kehilloh, Plural Kehillot, bezeichnet eine jüdische Gemeinde. Im idealen Sinn ist damit die „heilige Gemeinde“ (ḳehillah ḳedoschah) zur Abhaltung von Gottesdiensten in Städten und kleineren Siedlungen gemeint.
- A far-left party in Germany has erected a controversial statue of communist leader Vladimir Lenin.
The tiny Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD) installed the statue in front of its headquarters in the western city of Gelsenkirchen.City authorities had attempted to stop the statue being installed and launched an online hashtag saying there was "no place for Lenin".But courts blocked their appeals and the unveiling went ahead on Saturday.In the debate surrounding the Gelsenkirchen statue, which was made in Czechoslovakia, as it was then known, in 1957, both sides drew parallels to the tearing down of monuments linked to slavery which has taken place in anti-racism protests across the world in recent weeks.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53123947
The tiny Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD) installed the statue in front of its headquarters in the western city of Gelsenkirchen.City authorities had attempted to stop the statue being installed and launched an online hashtag saying there was "no place for Lenin".But courts blocked their appeals and the unveiling went ahead on Saturday.In the debate surrounding the Gelsenkirchen statue, which was made in Czechoslovakia, as it was then known, in 1957, both sides drew parallels to the tearing down of monuments linked to slavery which has taken place in anti-racism protests across the world in recent weeks.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53123947
- 德國東部城市哈雷周三發生槍擊案，據報槍手在一間猶太教堂附近街頭開了多槍，造成兩人死亡及兩人重傷。警方其後成功拘捕一名疑犯，身份及動機未明，案件由反恐檢察官接手。當地猶太社區領袖表示，槍手針對猶太教堂施襲，事發時正值猶太教的贖罪日。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191010/00180_019.html
哈茨山Harz - name derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest), Latinized as Hercynia. The year 968 saw the discovery of silver deposits near the town of Goslar, and mines became established in the following centuries throughout the mountains. During the Middle Ages, ore from this region was exported along trade routes to far-flung places, such as Mesopotamia. The wealth of the region declined after these mines became exhausted in the early 19th century. People abandoned the towns for a short time, but prosperity eventually returned with tourism. Between 1945 and 1990, the inner German border ran through the Harz, the west belonging to the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the east to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The main dialects of the Harz region are Eastphalian and Thuringian. ******** 黑森州 Hesse (Hessian dialect: [ˈhɛzə]) or Hessia , officially the State of Hesse (Land Hessen), is a federal state (Land) of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. Its state capital is Wiesbaden and the largest city is Frankfurt am Main.The German name Hessen, like the name of other German regions (Schwaben "Swabia", Franken "Franconia", Bayern "Bavaria", Sachsen "Saxony") is derived from the dative plural form of the name of the inhabitants or eponymous tribe, the Hessians (Hessen, singular Hesse), short for the older compound name Hessenland ("land of the Hessians"). The Old High German form of the name is recorded as Hessun (dative plural of Hessi), in Middle Latin as Hassia, Hessia, Hassonia. The name of the Hessians ultimately continues the tribal name of the Chatti. The ancient name Chatti by the 7th century is recorded as Chassi, and from the 8th century as Hassi or Hessi.An inhabitant of Hesse is called a "Hessian" (German: Hesse (masculine) or Hessin (feminine), plural Hessen). The American English term Hessian for 18th-century British auxiliary troops originates with Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel hiring out regular army units to the government of Great Britain to fight in the American Revolutionary War.The English form Hesse was in common use by the 18th century, first in the hyphenated names Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, but the latinate form Hessia remained in common English usage well into the 19th century.[9] The German term Hessen is used by the European Commission even in English-language contexts because their policy is to leave regional names untranslated (paragraphs 1.31 and 1.35).The synthetic element hassium, number 108 on the periodic table, was named after the state of Hesse in 1997, following a proposal of 1992.
- note the afrikaans version
- Hanau [ˈhaːnaʊ̯] is a large town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. The town is known for being the birthplace of Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm and Franciscus Sylvius. Since the 16th century it was a centre of precious metal working with many goldsmiths. It is home to Heraeus, one of the largest family-owned companies in Germany.The earliest documentary evidence for the presence of Jews in Hanau dates from 1313. In the 17th and 18th centuries Hanau developed into an important center of Hebrew printing.格林兄弟不僅以搜集童話而聞名，他們也是語言學家，日耳曼語言學的創始人，他們開始編輯了《德語大詞典》（Deutsches Wörterbuch），完整地搜錄德語詞彙、用法和詞源。哈瑙市格林兄弟獎（Brüder-Grimm-Preis der Stadt Hanau）頒發給傑出的語言作品，並鼓勵作家們繼續他們的文學創作，以體現文學作品對社會的重要意義。
- people
- Thomas Schäfer (22 February 1966 – 28 March 2020) was a German lawyer and politician for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He was Minister of Finance of Hesse between 2010 and 2020.During the financial crisis of 2007–08, he coordinated state efforts to rescue Opel, based in Rüsselsheim am Main, in conjunction with the other three states where Opel had plants. In February 2009, he became secretary of state for Karlheinz Weimar, the minister of finance. On the morning of 28 March 2020, his body was found next to the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line near Hochheim am Main, and police speculated that he had committed suicide.
洪斯吕克山脉 The Hunsrück (German pronunciation: [ˈhʊnsʁʏk]) is a low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. 山区比较知名的城镇包括锡门（Simmern）
- **********Es la localidad de origen de los primeros colonos de la Colonia Tovar, Venezuela.
劳赫林根 Lauchringen is a village in the county of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is divided in two districts: Oberlauchringen and Unterlauchringen.
- 德國小鎮勞赫林根上周六有二千七百六十二人聚首一堂，各人悉心打扮成藍精靈。他們只有一個目標，就是打破最多藍精靈聚集的紀錄。皇天不負有心人，德國相關機構其後宣布他們打破紀錄，但仍有待健力士世界紀錄的官方確認。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190219/00180_023.html
林道又譯作林島 Lindau (German: Lindau (Bodensee), formerly Lindau im Bodensee) is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (Landkreis) of Lindau, Bavaria and is near the borders of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Thurgau. The coat of arms of Lindau town is a linden tree, referring to the supposed origin of the town's name (Linde means linden tree in German). The first use of the name Lindau was documented in 882 by a monk from St. Gallen, stating that Adalbert (count of Raetia) had founded a nunnery on the island. However the remains of an early Roman settlement dating back to the 1st century have been found in the district of Aeschach. In 1180, St. Stephan's church was founded. In 1224 the Franciscans founded a monastery on the island. In 1274/75 Lindau became an Imperial Free City under King Rudolf I. The designation as a 'city' (German: Große Kreisstadt) was despite Lindau's rather small population of only c. 24454. In 1430, about 15 of Lindau's Jews were burned at the stake after being accused of murdering a Christian child. In 1528, Lindau accepted the Protestant Reformation, following the Tetrapolitan Confession at first and subsequently the Augsburg Confession. In 1655, after the Thirty Years' War, the first Lindauer Kinderfest (children's festival) was held, in memory of the war. This festival, introduced by Councillor Valentin Heider, still makes up an important part of the town's identity. Lindau lost its status as an Imperial Free City in 1802, after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The city went to Karl August von Bretzenheim who gave Lindau and the monastery to the Kingdom of Austria in 1804. In 1805 Austria returned Lindau to Bavaria. In 1922 the independent districts of Aeschach, Hoyren and Reutin merged with the Lindau district. After World War II, Lindau fell under French administration and went firstly to Württemberg-Hohenzollern and then to the State of Baden-Württemberg. In 1955, Lindau again returned to Bavaria.
- Lindau is believed to be the origin of the Lindauer surname of Germany, Switzerland, Alsace-Lorraine, Austria and the Czech Republic. A Jewish family bearing this name is said to have descended from Suskind of Lindau, who was among those killed during the pogrom of 1430.Lindauer is also the name of a famous wine brand from New Zealand, however there is no established relationship between Lindau and the wine, which is named after painter Gottfried Lindauer.
- Lindau 的意思就源於 「生長菩提樹的河邊窪 地」 。中世紀時，林道曾 是神聖羅馬帝國統治下的帝國自由城 市，因處於交通要道而成為知名的貿 易城市。那時有一條重要的航線就叫 做 「林道信使」 （Lindauer Bote） ，連接和米蘭之間的運輸服務。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191007/PDF/b5_screen.pdf
*****洛特（Lotte）En el área de la comunidad de Lotte se encuentran tres tumbas del Neolítico de la cultura de los vasos de embudo.ロッテの町域内には、新石器時代の漏斗状ビーカー文化の墓地が3箇所ある。1410年に、共同生活兄弟会の修道院建設のためにグート・オスターベルクが売却された。
- ロッテ町内ヴェル全地区の巨石墳墓 (Sloopsteine)https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Sloopsteine.JPG
- Die Familie des späteren Bischofs der Evangelischen Kirche Hessen-Nassau, Pastor Martin Niemöller, stammt aus (dem heutigen Lotter Ortsteil) Wersen. Pastor Martin Niemöller lebte in der Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Wersen und wurde dort auch beigesetzt. Nachdem er zunächst eine sehr deutsch-kaisertreue Einstellung hatte, geriet er in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in den Widerstand und war dort aktiv in der „Bekennenden Kirche“.
- detailed japanese version
美茵茲Mainz (/maɪnts/; German: [maɪ̯nt͡s] ; Latin: Mogontiacum, French: Mayence) is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The city is located on the Rhine river at its confluence with the Main river, opposite Wiesbaden on the border with Hesse. Mainz is an independent city with a population of 206,628 (2015) and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Mainz was founded by the Romans in the 1st Century BC during the Classical antiquity era, serving as a military fortress on the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire and as the provincial capital of Germania Superior. Mainz became an important city in the 8th Century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, the Primate of Germany. Mainz is famous as the home of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of the movable-type printing press, who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bible. Historically, before the 20th century, the city was known in English as Mentz and in French as Mayence. Mainz was heavily damaged during World War II, with more than 30 air raids destroying about 80 percent of the city's center, including most of the historic buildings. Today, Mainz is a transport hub and a center of wine production.
- economist 6apr19 "where the rhine meets the pacific" an erstaz german village tries to lure south korean emigrants home
Marsberg is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.Although its origins are obscure, Marsberg was a prospering town by the 13th century (it was even minting coins). It was a free city until 1807, when it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia, until 1813. After two years of freedom, it was included into Prussia in 1815.
- 德國西北部城鎮馬斯貝格一個熱氣球，周二着陸時突然失控墜毀。熱氣球當時載有一名飛行員和十名本地遊客，十一人均受傷，其中兩人傷勢嚴重。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190606/00180_026.html
Mecklenburg ([ˈmeːklənbʊʁk], locally [ˈmeiklɪnbʊɪ̯ç], Low German: Mękel(n)borg [ˈmɛːkəl(n)bɔrx]) is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The largest cities of the region are Rostock, Schwerin, Neubrandenburg, Wismar and Güstrow. The name Mecklenburg derives from a castle named "Mikilenburg" (Old Saxon: "big castle", hence the scientific translation used in New Latin Megalopolis), located between the cities of Schwerin and Wismar. In Slavic language it was known as Veligrad which also means "big castle". It was the ancestral seat of the House of Mecklenburg and for a time divided into Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz among the same dynasty. Linguistically Mecklenburgers retain and use many features of Low German vocabulary or phonology. The adjective for the region is Mecklenburgian (German: mecklenburgisch), inhabitants are called Mecklenburgians.
- Mecklenburg is the site of many prehistoric dolmen tombs. Its earliest organised inhabitants may have had Celtic origins. By no later than 100 BC the area had been populated by pre-Christian Germanic peoples. The traditional symbol of Mecklenburg, the grinning steer's head (Low German: Ossenkopp, lit.: 'oxen's head', with osse being a synonym for steer and bull in Middle Low German), with an attached hide, and a crown above, may have originated from this period.[citation needed] It represents what early peoples would have worn, i.e. a steers's head as a hat, with the hide hanging down the back to protect the neck from the sun, and overall as a way to instill fear in the enemy. From the 7th through the 12th centuries, the area of Mecklenburg was taken over by Western Slavic peoples, most notably the Obotrites and other tribes that Frankish sources referred to as "Wends". The 11th century founder of the Mecklenburgian dynasty of Dukes and later Grand Dukes, which lasted until 1918, was Nyklot of the Obotrites. In the late 12th century, Henry the Lion, Duke of the Saxons, conquered the region, subjugated its local lords, and Christianized its people, in a precursor to the Northern Crusades. From 12th to 14th century, large numbers of Germans and Flemings settled the area (Ostsiedlung), importing German law and improved agricultural techniques. The Wends who survived all warfare and devastation of the centuries before, including invasions of and expeditions into Saxony, Denmark and Liutizic areas as well as internal conflicts, were assimilated in the centuries thereafter. However, elements of certain names and words used in Mecklenburg speak to the lingering Slavic influence. An example would be the city of Schwerin, which was originally called Zuarin in Slavic. Another example is the town of Bresegard, the 'gard' portion of the town name deriving from the Slavic word 'grad', meaning city or town. Since the 12th century, the territory remained stable and relatively independent of its neighbours; one of the few German territories for which this is true. During the reformation the Duke in Schwerin would convert to Protestantism and so would follow the Duchy of Mecklenburg.
- After three centuries of partition, Mecklenburg was united in 1934 by the Nazi government. The Wehrmacht assigned Mecklenburg and Pomerania to Wehrkreis II under the command of General der Infanterie Werner Kienitz, with the headquarters at Stettin. Mecklenburg was assigned to an Area headquartered at Schwerin, which was responsible for military units in Schwerin; Rostock; Parchim; and Neustrelitz.
- After World War II, the Soviet government occupying eastern Germany merged Mecklenburg with the smaller neighbouring region of Western Pomerania (German Vorpommern) to form the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Mecklenburg contributed about two-thirds of the geographical size of the new state and the majority of its population. Also, the new state became temporary or permanent home for lots of refugees expelled from former German territories seized by the Soviet Union and Poland after the war. The Soviets changed the name from "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania" to "Mecklenburg" in 1947. In 1952, the East German government ended the independent existence of Mecklenburg, creating 3 districts ("Bezirke") out of its territory: Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. During German reunification in 1990, the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was revived, and is now one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the River Weser. It is the capital of the district (Kreis) of Minden-Lübbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the cultural region of Minden Land. It is widely known as the intersection of the Mittelland Canal and the River Weser. The town is over 1,200 years old and has yet some buildings in the Weser Renaissance style, in addition to its architecturally symbolic 1,000-year-old cathedral.
- hkej 8aug18 shum article
- note that there is a minden row in tst, minden heights in malaysia
明斯克Regierungsbezirk Münster mostly covers rural areas of Münsterland famous for their castles, e.g. Castle Nordkirchen and Castle Ahaus. The region offers more than a hundred castles, all linked up by the cycle path 100 Schlösser Route.The history of the Regierungsbezirk dates back to 1815, when it was one of the original 25 Regierungsbezirke created as a subdivision of the provinces of Prussia.
- coat of arms include horse and the tudor flower
- people
- Clemens August Freiherr von Ketteler (22 November 1853 – 20 June 1900) was a Germancareer diplomat. He was killed during the Boxer Rebellion. After China's loss to the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1901, treaties were signed between China and eleven nations (the Eight Nations plus Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands). Prince Chun, father of the last emperor Puyi, travelled to Germany in his official capacity as ambassador extraordinary to express the regrets of the Guangxu Emperor over the death of Ketteler to Kaiser Wilhelm II. A paifang or "memorial gate" called the Ketteler Memorial (German: Ketteler-Denkmal) was erected at the location where he fell. Work on this gate began on 25 June 1901 and was completed on 8 January 1903. On 13 November 1918, two days after Germany signed an armistice with the Allies, the Ketteler Memorial was officially abolished. The following year, the gate was moved to the present-day Zhongshan Park and renamed "The Victory of Justice Gate" (Chinese: 公理戰勝牌坊). In 1953, on the occasion of the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference in Beijing, it was renamed once again as "The Protection of Peace Gate".
Neuchâtel is sometimes referred to historically by the German name Neuenburg, which has the same meaning. It was originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, then part of the Holy Roman Empire and later under Prussian control from 1707 until 1848, with an interruption during the Napoleonic Wars from 1802 to 1814. In 1848, Neuchâtel became a republic and a canton of Switzerland.
Rügen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁyːɡn̩]; also lat. Rugia; Ruegen) is Germany's largest island by area. It is located off the Pomeraniancoast in the Baltic Sea and belongs to the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.Rügen, together with the Danish island of Møn on the far side of Rügen in the Baltic Sea and the area around Dover, England,[citation needed] once belonged to a large chalk plateau, which had been pushed by tectonic movements to the earth's surface. From the 7th century the West Slavic Rani (or Rujani) built an empire on Rügen and the neighbouring coast between Recknitz and Ryck. It decidedly affected the history of the Baltic Sea area and the surrounding Obodritic (in the west) and Liutician (in the south) occupied mainland for the next few centuries. In 1168, the Danish king, Valdemar I, and his army commander and advisor, Bishop Absalon of Roskilde destroyed the Svetovid temple in the hillfort at Cape Arkona, ending both the territorial and religious autonomy of the Rani; their former monarchs became Danish princes of Rügen. The Rani prince Jaromar I (died 1218) was a vassal of the Danish king and Christianized the island's inhabitants. In 1184, the Pomeranians, whose rule had previously extended as far as the land of Gützkow and to Demmin and thus made them the immediate neighbours of the now Danish Principality of Rugia, were commissioned by their overlord, the Holy Roman Emperor, to seize Rügen for the empire, but were defeated in the Bay of Greifswald. Under Danish rule the Principality of Rugia changed its character. Danish monasteries were established (e.g. Bergen Abbey in 1193 and Hilda Abbey, today Eldena Abbey, in 1199). German colonists were introduced into the land and soon they became the largest and most culturally influential group within the population. The Slavic cultural element disappeared, mostly due to the lack of their own Slavic church structures, so that the Rani were absorbed in the period that followed into the now German-influenced people of Rügen.
Salzgitter (German pronunciation: [zalt͡sˈɡɪtɐ] is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony (roughly equivalent to a metropolitan area). Until 31 March 1942, "Salzgitter" was the name of a town where the borough Salzgitter-Bad now is. From then until 1951, "Salzgitter" was the name of a borough of the city Watenstedt-Salzgitter that existed at the time. In 1951, the borough Salzgitter was renamed Salzgitter-Bad; the name Salzgitter, having thus been freed up, became the new and more succinct name of the city that had been called "Watenstedt-Salzgitter" until then. (Nowadays, "Salzgitter-Watenstedt" is the name of a small borough with a few hundred inhabitants.)
- Salzgitter originated in the beginning of the 14th century around salt springs near the village Verpstedt (later Vöppstedt). The name was derived from the neighbouring village Gitter (nowadays a city borough) as "up dem solte to Gytere", which means "salt near Gitter"; the first mention was in 1347. After 200 years of salt production at various springs, the peasantsin the area which is nowadays Salzgitter were chartered around 1350, but lost municipal law again when being transferred to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the beginning of the 16th century. Later, Salzgitter belonged to the diocese of Hildesheim. When the diocese was transferred to Prussia in 1803, the municipal law was reconfirmed, but taken away once more in 1815, when Salzgitter became part of the Kingdom of Hanover. In 1830, a brine bath was established in Salzgitter. After the Kingdom of Hanover was transferred to Prussia in 1866, Salzgitter became a Prussian municipality, which was chartered again in 1929. Prior to that, the towns Vorsalz and Liebenhall had been incorporated (in 1926 and 1928, respectively). Salzgitter now belonged to the Landkreis (district) of Goslar and included, apart from Salzgitter itself, also some small settlements like Gittertor, which is nowadays part of Salzgitter-Bad. In 1936, Kniestedt was incorporated; it is also part of Salzgitter-Bad now.
The Teutoburg Forest (German: Teutoburger Wald, colloquially: Teuto) is a range of low, forested hills in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. In 9 CE, this region was the site of a major Roman defeat, the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.[1] Until the 19th century the official name of the hill ridge was Osning. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 A.D. occurred in or near this region, though the exact location is disputed. The Roman historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus identified the location of the battle as saltus Teutoburgiensis (saltus meaning a forest valley in Latin). Arminius (a.k.a. Hermann the Cherusker), leader of the Germanic tribes during the battle, became something of a legend for his overwhelming victory over the Romans. During the period of national renaissance in the wake of the Napoleonic wars, German people saw him as an early protagonist of German resistance to foreign rule and a symbol of national unity.A monumental statue of Arminius commemorating the battle, known as the Hermannsdenkmal (the "Hermann monument"), was erected on the hill of Grotenburg near Detmold, close to the site where the most popular theory of the time placed the battle. Emperor William I, the first Kaiser of the unified German Empire, dedicated the monument in 1875. A monumental statue of the emperor himself was erected on the hill of Wittekindsberg in Wiehen Hills. In order to create a national landscape the Osning Hills were given the name "Teutoburg Forest", see also Teutonic. However, the old name survived among the local population and the part of the ridge around the Ebberg (309 m) near Bielefeld is still known as the Osning today.
- ******The Externsteine [ˈɛkstɐnʃtaɪnə] is a distinctive sandstone rock formation located in the Teutoburg Forest, near the town of Horn-Bad Meinberg in the Lippe district of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The formation is a tor consisting of several tall, narrow columns of rock which rise abruptly from the surrounding wooded hills. In a popular tradition going back to an idea proposed to Hermann Hamelmann in 1564, the Externsteine are identified as a sacred site of the pagan Saxons, and the location of the Irminsul idol reportedly destroyed by Charlemagne; there is however no archaeological evidence that would confirm the site's use during the relevant period.
The stones were used as the site of a hermitage in the Middle Ages, and by at least the high medieval period were the site of a Christian chapel. The Externsteine relief is a medieval depiction of the Descent from the Cross. It remains controversial whether the site was already used for Christian worship in the 8th to early 10th centuries.The Externsteine gained prominence when Völkisch and nationalistic scholars took an interest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This interest peaked under the Naziregime, when the Externsteine became a focus of Nazi propaganda. Today, they remain a popular tourist destination and also continue to attract Neo-Pagans and Neo-Nazis.
Thuringia
- Bad Frankenhausen (officially: Bad Frankenhausen/Kyffhäuser) is a spa town in the German state of Thuringia. It is located at the southern slope of the Kyffhäuser mountain range, on an artificial arm of the Wipper river, a tributary of the Unstrut. Because of the nearby Kyffhäuser monument dedicated to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, it is nicknamed Barbarossastadt. The municipality includes the villages of Seehausen, Udersleben and (since 2007) Esperstedt.Frankenhausen was first attested as a Frankish settlement in the 9th century in deeds of the Abbey of Fulda. It received town privileges in 1282 and from 1340 on was part of the County of Schwarzburg. On May 15, 1525 it was the location of the Battle of Frankenhausen, one of the last great battles of the German Peasants' War, when the insurgent peasants under Thomas Müntzer were defeated by troops of the allied Duke George of Saxony, Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Duke Henry V of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Müntzer was captured, tortured and finally beheaded at Mühlhausen on May 27. With the partition of Schwarzburg County in 1599, Frankenhausen became the capital of the Unterherrschaft subdivision of the County of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which in 1710 was raised to a principality. Prince Günther Victor was the last German monarch to abdicate, on November 23 (as Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt) and November 25, 1918 (as Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen). The succeeding short-lived Free State of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt merged into the newly created Thuringia in 1920. Since 1818 a saline water well that had been used for centuries to extract salt has been used for saline baths and medical purposes. Therefore in 1927 Frankenhausen received the official title of a spa town (Bad). In the 19th century the town was also famous for the manufacture of pearl buttons. Today it mainly depends on tourism and spa vacation. Since 1972 Frankenhausen has been a garrison town, formerly of a motorised infantry regiment of the National People's Army, from 1990 on of the 13th Mechanized Infantry Division of the German Army.
- The Battle of Frankenhausen was fought on 15 May 1525. It was the final act of the German Peasants' War: joint troops of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Duke George of Saxony defeated the peasants under their leader Thomas Müntzer near Frankenhausen in the County of Schwarzburg. At Frankenhausen, the battle is depicted, along with many other scenes of that age, on the world's largest oil painting, Werner Tübke's Early Bourgeois Revolution in Germany (Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland), which is 400 feet (120 m) long, 45 feet (14 m) high, and housed in its own specially built museum. The painting was ordered by the socialist leadership of East Germany, who regarded Müntzer as a revolutionary and thus as one of their forebears; work on it went on between 1975 and 1987. However Tübke did not produce a heroic painting, contrary to the state's wishes, but depicted the events at Frankenhausen as a colossal failure for all parties involved.
- Radegund (Latin: Radegunda; also spelled Rhadegund, Radegonde, or Radigund; c.520 — 13 August 587) was a Thuringian princess and Frankish queen, who founded the Abbey of the Holy Cross at Poitiers. She is the patron saint of several churches in France and England and of Jesus College, Cambridge (whose full name is "The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge").She is typically depicted "with royal robes, crown, and sceptre" and nearby there are "wolves and wild beasts" which are tame in her presence. Also: "Crosier and book. Field of oats. White headdress, tunic with fleurs-de-lys, mantle with castles."
- people
- Johann Sebastian Bach spent the first part of his life (1685–1717) and important further stages of his career in Thuringia. In the classical period, Goethe and Schillerlived at Weimar. The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribeThuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatusfirst mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.
Trier (German pronunciation: [tʁiːɐ̯] ; Luxembourgish: Tréier [ˈtʀɜɪ̯ɐ]), formerly known in English as Treves (French: Trèves, IPA: [tʁɛv]) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city in Germanyon the banks of the Moselle. Trier lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region. Founded by the Celts in the late-4th century BC as Treuorum, it was later conquered by the Romans in the late-1st century BC and renamed Trevorum or Augusta Treverorum (Latin for "The City of Augustusamong the Treveri"). Trier may be the oldest city in Germany. It is also the oldest seat of a bishop north of the Alps. In the Middle Ages, the Archbishop-Elector of Trier was an important prince of the church, as the archbishop-electorate controlled land from the French border to the Rhine. The Archbishop-Elector also had great significance as one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire.
- note its wappen (coat of arms) - men in red and yellow, also flag - red and yellow
- note that triage is from the french trier ("separate out"), and it was dominique-jean larrey, a french military surgeon in napoleon's grand armee who came up with the system of triage - determining which soldiers needed medical attention most urgently, regardless of their military rank. In doing so, he came up with the concept of distinguishing between urgent and non-urgent patients. economist 4apr2020 triage under trial
- note that triage is from the french trier ("separate out"), and it was dominique-jean larrey, a french military surgeon in napoleon's grand armee who came up with the system of triage - determining which soldiers needed medical attention most urgently, regardless of their military rank. In doing so, he came up with the concept of distinguishing between urgent and non-urgent patients. economist 4apr2020 triage under trial
Trossingen ist eine Kleinstadt auf der Baar in Baden-Württemberg. Die zweitgrößte Stadt des Landkreises Tuttlingen liegt inmitten der Region Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg. Die Hochschulstadt Trossingen ist Sitz einer staatlichen Musikhochschule, einer traditionsreichen Musikinstrumentenindustrie sowie verschiedener überregionaler musikalischer Einrichtungen und mehrerer Verbände aus dem Bereich Musik. Trossingen bezeichnet sich daher auch als Musikstadt.
Wannsee (German: [ˈvanˌzeː] ) is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee), are located on the River Havel and are separated only by the Wannsee Bridge. The history of Wannsee as a sublime suburb of Berlin began when "Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg ordered the construction of a hunting lodge, the Jagdschloss Glienicke. The castle remained for generations the hunting lodge of the Hohenzollern family and was rebuilt and expanded several times during this time. Today the castle houses an institute for social education. In 1793, the Prussian king Frederick William II, a descendant of Frederick William, acquired the island Pfaueninsel (German: "Peacock Island") in the Havel river and had the Pfaueninsel castle built for himself and his mistress Wilhelmine Enke in 1794–1797. Jagdschloss Glienicke and Pfaueninsel castle are both part of UNESCO World Heritage SitePalaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin.
- The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. The purpose of the conference, called by the director of the Reich Main Security Office SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the cooperation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of the Final solution to the Jewish question (German: Endlösung der Judenfrage), whereby most of the Jews of German-occupied Europe would be deported to occupied Poland and murdered. Conference attendees included representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the justice, interior, and state ministries, and representatives from the SS. In the course of the meeting, Heydrich outlined how European Jews would be rounded up and sent to extermination camps in the General Government (the occupied part of Poland), where they would be killed.
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191109/PDF/b3_screen.pdf 因為耳聞幾個關於它的歷史故事，孔雀島在我心中猶如一個小小的傳奇。孔雀島最初不叫孔雀島，而是叫兔子島，因為島上生活着一大群兔子；孔雀島曾是威廉三世的農場，後來動物越養越多，乾脆建成了一個動物園；孔雀島還在一九六三年舉辦過夏季奧運會的閉幕式。
- The Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin, a Japanese international school, is in Wannsee.
*******Großostheim (or Grossostheim) is a market community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. The inhabitants call themselves Aistmer.The market community of Großostheim, as a greater community, is made up of the constituent communities of Großostheim, Ringheim, Pflaumheim and Wenigumstadt. While Ringheim has always been part of Großostheim, the other two places, Pflaumheim and Wenigumstadt, have only been as much since municipal reform on 1 May 1978.Ostheim, called Großostheim since the 18th century – groß is German for “great” or “big” – had its first documentary mention in a document from the Fulda Abbey dating from sometime between 780 and 799.
- Wenigumstadt ist ein Ortsteil des Marktes Großostheim im bayerischen Landkreis Aschaffenburg.
- [ochsle] ancient bottle of celtic origin dating back to 1400bc unearthed in wenigumstadt
Westphalia (/wɛstˈfeɪliə/; German: Westfalen pronounced [vɛstˈfaːlən]) is a region in northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The region is almost identical with the Province of Westphalia which was a part of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1918[6] and the Free State of Prussia from 1918 to 1946. In 1946, Westphalia merged with the Northern Rhineland, another former part of Prussia, to form the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1947, the state with its two historic parts was joined by a third one: Lippe, a former principality and free state.
- note that the historical flag and the background of its current flag is the same as that of poland
Würzburg (/ˈvɜːrtsbɜːrɡ, ˈwɜːrtsbɜːrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈvʏɐ̯tsbʊɐ̯k] ; Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian.
- A Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) refuge castle stood on the site of the present Fortress Marienberg. The former Celtic territory was settled by the Alamanni in the 4th or 5th century, and by the Franks in the 6th to 7th. Würzburg was the seat of a Merovingian duke from about 650. It was Christianized in 686 by Irish missionaries Kilian, Kolonat and Totnan. The city is mentioned in a donation by Duke Hedan II to bishop Willibrord, dated 1 May 704, in castellum Virteburch. The Ravenna Cosmography lists the city as Uburzis at about the same time.[3] The name is presumably of Celtic origin, but based on a folk etymological connection to the German word Würze "herb, spice", the name was Latinized as Herbipolis in the medieval period. Beginning in 1237, the city seal depicted the cathedral and a portrait of Saint Kilian, with the inscription SIGILLVM CIVITATIS HERBIPOLENSIS. It shows a banner on a tilted lance, formerly in a blue field, with the banner quarterly argent and gules (1532), later or and gules (1550). This coat of arms replaced the older seal of the city, showing Saint Kilian, from 1570. The first diocese was founded by Saint Boniface in 742 when he appointed the first bishop of Würzburg, Saint Burkhard. The bishops eventually created a duchy with its center in the city, which extended in the 12th century to Eastern Franconia. The city was the seat of several Imperial Diets, including the one of 1180, in which Henry the Lion was banned from the Empire and his duchy was handed over to Otto of Wittelsbach. Massacres of Jews took place in 1147 and 1298. The first church on the site of the present Würzburg Cathedral was built as early as 788, and consecrated that same year by Charlemagne; the current building was constructed from 1040 to 1225 in Romanesque style. The University of Würzburg was founded in 1402 and re-founded in 1582. The citizens of the city revolted several times against the prince-bishop. In 1397, King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had visited the city and promised its people the status of a free Imperial City. However,the German ruling princes forced him to withdraw these promises. In 1400, the citizenry was decisively defeated by the troops of the bishop in the Schlacht von Bergtheim, and the city fell under his control permanently until the dissolution of the fiefdom.
- The Würzburg witch trials, which occurred between 1626 and 1631, are one of the largest peace-time mass trials. In Würzburg, under Bishop Philip Adolf an estimated number between 600 and 900 alleged witches were burnt. In 1631, Swedish King Gustaf Adolf invaded the town and plundered the castle. In 1720, the foundations of the Würzburg Residence were laid. In 1796, the Battle of Würzburg between Habsburg Austria and the First French Republic took place. The city passed to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1803, but two years later, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars, it became the seat of the Electorate of Würzburg (until September 1806), the later Grand Duchy of Würzburg. In 1814, the town became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria and a new bishopric was created seven years later, as the former one had been secularized in 1803 (see also Reichsdeputationshauptschluss). In 1817, Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Bauer founded Schnellpressenfabrik Koenig & Bauer (the world's first printing press manufacturer).[citation needed] On the eve of the Nazis' rise to power, 2,000 Jews lived in Würzburg; it was a community of tradesmen and professionals. Würzburg was a rabbinic center and home to many Jewish communal organisations and the Jewish Teachers Seminary. In November 1941, the first Jews from Würzburg were sent to the Nazi concentration camps in Eastern Europe. The final transport departed in June 1943. Few[weasel words] survived.
- university of wurzburg's Institute of Fan Culture researches and analyzes fan cultures and the issues and problems associated with them.
- ***wurzburg residence
autonomous governments
- Büsingen am Hochrhein ("Buesingen on the High Rhine"), commonly known as Büsingen, is a German town (7.62 km2 or 2.94 sq mi) entirely surrounded by the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and, south across the High Rhine, by the Swiss cantons of Zürich and Thurgau. It has a population of about 1,450 inhabitants. Since the early 19th century, the town has been separated from the rest of Germany by a narrow strip of land (at its narrowest, about 700 m wide) containing the Swiss village of Dörflingen. Administratively, Büsingen is part of Germany, forming part of the district of Konstanz, in the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, but economically, it forms part of the Swiss customs area, as do the independent principality of Liechtenstein and the Italian town of Campione d'Italia. There are no border controls between Switzerland and Büsingen or the rest of Germany since Switzerland joined the Schengen Area in 2008/09. On 9 September 1957, a conference between Switzerland and Germany was held in Locarno, with the target to regulate jurisdictions of both countries in Büsingen. A treaty was signed on 23 November 1964 and came into effect on 4 October 1967.
Trade policy
- ttip
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151012/PDF/a11_screen.pdf 綜合法新社、路透社報道：德國多個組織和社會團體共同發起的反對跨大西洋貿易和投資夥伴關係協定（TTIP）遊行10日在柏林舉行。至少有15萬人走上柏林街頭，抗議擬定中的TTIP協定，他們指這類協定反民主，且會壓低食品安全、勞動及環保標準。 當天的遊行隊伍行進路線是從柏林中央火車站到勝利柱。示威者來自德國各地，他們搭乘大巴和列車來到柏林。一些人高舉“不要TTIP”、“讓TTIP走開”等標語，也有的示威者對加拿大─歐盟自由貿易協定（CETA）表示反對。
- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36120560 Thousands of people have marched in the German city of Hannover against a proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) deal. They say the deal would drive down wages, and weaken environmental protection and labour rights. US President Barack Obama - who is pushing hard for the agreement - says it would create millions of jobs and increase trade by lowering tariffs.
- https://next.ft.com/content/e585049c-53d1-11e6-9664-e0bdc13c3bef The focus of Bavarian wrath is Ceta, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, a 1,598-page treaty between Canada and the EU that was finalised in 2014. Mr Bär’s institute is part of an alliance of Bavarian greens and anti-globalisation campaigners pushing for a referendum on Ceta. Earlier this month it cleared the first hurdle, garnering 50,000 signatures in support of the idea — twice as many as needed. If the alliance has its way, a vote is held and a majority opposes Ceta, the Bavarian government would have to vote against it when it comes up for ratification in the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. That would be a bitter pill to swallow for Bavaria’s governing party, the Christian Social Union. The CSU, sister-party to Angela Merkel’s CDU, is firmly in favour of Ceta. But it may have little choice faced with a popular mood that, even among conservative voters, is turning decisively protectionist. “We have nothing against free trade in principle,” says Susanne Socher of More Democracy, one of the groups agitating for a referendum. “But this treaty was negotiated in secret, over the heads of citizens. And it will only benefit big corporations.”
- http://globalnews.ca/news/2945116/ceta-canada-eu-trade-deal-has-germanys-approval-minister-says/ Germany’s economy minister said on Thursday he expected the country’s Social Democrats, a junior partner in the ruling coalition, to vote in favour of a free-trade agreement between Canada and the European Union at a party meeting on Sept. 19. faces opposition from anti-globalization groups, as well as some members of Gabriel’s SDP party. Freeland said she would attend the SDP conference in Wolfsburg, Germany, on Monday, where she will highlight the deal’s progressive elements.Gabriel said it would not be necessary to reopen negotiations for the agreement. He also said clarifications made in talks with Canada would help address the concerns of German trade unions. Separately, Freeland there were no plans to change the parts of the trade deal relating to the Canadian dairy industry. The deal, reached by negotiators two years ago after five years of talks, could get the green light from EU member states next month before it is signed during Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s visit to Brussels on Oct. 27.
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-canada-trade-germany-idUSKCN12D0SX Germany's Constitutional Court cleared the government on Thursday to approve a free trade accord between the European Union and Canada under defined conditions, boosting the agreement's chances of passing an EU vote next week. However, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made clear he was losing patience with the EU over the pact, which both sides say could boost bilateral trade by 20 percent. The court in Karlsruhe rejected emergency appeals by activists to prevent Berlin from endorsing the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) before it has been ratified by national parliaments.
- currencies pegged to DM
- https://www.quora.com/Why-does-Germany-have-so-much-power-in-Europe-after-WW2
trade and investment environment
- working population
- ft 10jun19 "eastern germany in grip of population collapse"
- ft 21jan19 Investors criticise German executive pay reforms
- 有德國傳媒日前報道，有來自中國的網購電商通過購物網站亞馬遜（Amazon）在德國銷售自家商品，涉嫌逃避交納營業稅，德國稅務稽查員已經開始對該些電商採取打擊措施。據指，當局目前已沒收了一些中國電商的貨物，並凍結其存款。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180109/00178_011.html
Manufacturing
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21678774-europes-biggest-economy-rightly-worried-digitisation-threat-its-industrial the much-discussed “internet of things” (IoT) is becoming a reality on factory floors: industrial machines and the products they make are increasingly packed with sensors and connected to the internet (see Schumpeter). As a result, the rules in many industries, from construction equipment to cars, are changing: making things matters less and knowing things more. In many cases the successful companies will no longer be the ones that make the best products, but the ones that gather the best data and combine them to offer the best digital services. And the biggest winners of all may be those that control a “platform”, a layer of software that combines different kinds of devices, data and services, on top of which other firms can build their own offerings—just as Trumpf is trying to do with Axoom. Mastering this sort of transformation ought to be on the agenda of any country with a big manufacturing base (see chart 1). But nowhere is the sense of urgency more developed than in Germany, where the fear that digitisation threatens its position as a leading industrial nation has been given added piquancy by Volkswagen’s recent emissions scandals. The first half of the battle to master the digital world was lost, according to Timotheus Höttges, the boss of Deutsche Telekom. “The question now is: how do we win the second half?”
Industry
- banks
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21638143-seven-german-landesbanken-survived-financial-crisis-are-still
- ecnomist 2mar19 "a marriage made in misery" for now, a merger of deutsche bank and commerzbank is only hypothetical. Just as well. It would solve the problems of neither
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-02/03/content_19472962.htm Germany's utilities, battered by the country's shift to wind turbines and solar panels, would beglad to sell you a power plant on the cheap. They'll even pack it up and ship it to another country. The two largest power producers, RWE AG and EON SE, are especially keen to sell their gas-fired plants, rendered uncompetitive by the rise of renewable energy on the one hand and recordlow coal prices on the other. It's a relatively easy task to take them apart, move them by truck andship and reassemble them elsewhere.
- Germany's green goals have profound consequences for Eon and RWE
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21697256-half-millennium-regulated-brewing-leaves-hangover-pure-swill
- [ochsle] portugieser is the 3rd most widely grown red grape in germany. It is completely unkown in portugal and in fact probably originated in austria or hungary; grape variety schwarzriesling (pinot meunier) - meunier = miller
- industrial gas
- Linde
- Villagers pin hopes on politics to wean Germany off coal ft 27dec17
People
- Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈʔaːdənaʊ̯ɐ] ; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He led his country from the ruins of World War II to a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power, West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity ("Wirtschaftswunder", German for "economic miracle").[3] He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country. Konrad Adenauer was born as the third of five children of Johann Konrad Adenauer (1833–1906) and his wife Helene (née Scharfenberg; 1849–1919) in Cologne, Rhenish Prussia, on 5 January 1876.[5] His siblings were August (1872–1952), Johannes (1873–1937), Lilli (1879–1950) and Elisabeth, who died shortly after birth in c. 1880. One of the formative influences of Adenauer's youth was the Kulturkampf, an experience that as related to him by his parents left him with a lifelong dislike for "Prussianism", and led him like many other Catholic Rhinelanders of the 19th century to deeply resent the Rhineland's inclusion in Prussia.
- Willy Brandt (German: [ˈvɪliː ˈbʁant]; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe.[1] He was the first Social Democrat chancellor[2] since 1930.Fleeing to Norway and then Sweden during the Nazi regime and working as a left-wing journalist, he took the name Willy Brandt as a pseudonym to avoid detection by Nazi agents, and then formally adopted the name in 1948. Brandt was originally considered one of the leaders of the right wing of the SPD, and earned initial fame as Governing Mayor of West Berlin. He served as Foreign Minister and as Vice Chancellor in Kurt Georg Kiesinger's cabinet, and became chancellor in 1969. As chancellor, he maintained West Germany's close alignment with the United States and focused on strengthening European integration in western Europe, while launching the new policy of Ostpolitikaimed at improving relations with Eastern Europe. Brandt was controversial on both the right wing, for his Ostpolitik, and on the left wing, for his support of American policies, including the Vietnam War, and right-wing authoritarian regimes. The Brandt Report became a recognised measure for describing the general North-South divide in world economics and politics between an affluent North and a poor South. Brandt was also known for his fierce anti-communist policies at the domestic level, culminating in the Radikalenerlass (Anti-Radical Decree) in 1972.Brandt resigned as chancellor in 1974, after Günter Guillaume, one of his closest aides, was exposed as an agent of the Stasi, the East German secret service.Willy Brandt was born Herbert Ernst Carl Frahm in the Free City of Lübeck (German Empire) on 18 December 1913. His mother was Martha Frahm (16 March 1894 – 3 August 1969)[citation needed] a single parent, who worked as a cashier for a department store. His father was an accountant from Hamburg named John Heinrich Möller (1887–1958)[4] whom Brandt never met. As his mother worked six days a week, he was mainly brought up by his mother's stepfather, Ludwig Frahm (1875–1935), and his second wife, Dora.[citation needed]He joined the "Socialist Youth" in 1929 and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1930. He left the SPD to join the more left wing Socialist Workers Party (SAP), which was allied to the POUM in Spain and the Independent Labour Party in Britain. After passing his Abitur in 1932 at Johanneum zu Lübeck, he became an apprentice at the shipbroker and ship's agent F. H. Bertling. In 1933, using his connections with the port and its ships, he left Germany for Norway to escape Nazi persecution. It was at this time that he adopted the pseudonym Willy Brandt to avoid detection by Nazi agents. In 1934, he took part in the founding of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations, and was elected to its secretariat.[citation needed]Brandt was in Germany from September to December 1936, disguised as a Norwegian student named Gunnar Gaasland. The real Gunnar Gaasland was married to Gertrud Meyer from Lübeck in a marriage of convenience to protect her from deportation. Meyer had joined Brandt in Norway in July 1933. In 1937, during the Civil War, Brandt worked in Spain as a journalist. In 1938, the German government revoked his citizenship, so he applied for Norwegian citizenship. In 1940, he was arrested in Norway by occupying German forces, but was not identified as he wore a Norwegian uniform. On his release, he escaped to neutral Sweden. In August 1940, he became a Norwegian citizen, receiving his passport from the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, where he lived until the end of the war. Willy Brandt lectured in Sweden on 1 December 1940 at Bommersvik College about problems experienced by the social democrats in Nazi Germany and the occupied countries at the start of the Second World War. In exile in Norway and Sweden, Brandt learned Norwegian and Swedish. Brandt spoke Norwegian fluently, and retained a close relationship with Norway.[citation needed]In late 1946, Brandt returned to Berlin, working for the Norwegian government. In 1948, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and became a German citizen again, formally adopting the pseudonym Willy Brandt as his legal name.
- foreign honour - Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (S.S.M.) (1969)
- jakob fugger
- Jakob Fugger of the Lily (Jakob Fugger von der Lilie) (6 March 1459 – 30 December 1525), also known as Jakob Fugger the Rich or sometimes Jakob II, was a major merchant, mining entrepreneur and banker of Europe. He was a descendant of the Fugger merchant family located in the Free Imperial City ofAugsburg, where he was also born and later also elevated through marriage toGrand Burgher of Augsburg (GermanGroßbürger zu Augsburg). Within a few decades he expanded the family firm to a business operating in all of Europe. He began his education at the age of 14 inVenice, which also remained his main residence until 1487. At the same time he was a cleric and held several prebendaries, even though he never lived in a monastery. The foundation of the family's wealth was created mainly by the textile trade withItaly. The company grew rapidly after the brothers Ulrich, Georg and Jakob began banking transactions with the House of Habsburg as well as the Roman Curia, and at the same time began mining operations in Tyrol, and from 1493 on the extraction of silver and copper in Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary. As of 1525 they also had the right to mine quicksilver and cinnabar in Almadén. After 1487 Jakob Fugger was the de facto head of the Fugger business operations which soon had an almost monopolistic hold on the European copper market.[1] Copper from Upper Hungaria was transported through Antwerp to Lisbon, and from there shipped to India. Jakob Fugger also contributed to the first and only trade expedition to India that German merchants cooperated in, a Portuguese fleet to the Indian west coast (1505/06) as well as a failed Spanish trade expedition to the Maluku Islands.
- martin luther
- Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (17 July1714 – 27 May1762) was a Germanphilosopher. He was a brother to theologian Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten(1706–1757). Baumgarten appropriated the word aesthetics, which had always meant "sensation", to mean taste or "sense" of beauty. In so doing, he gave the word a different significance, thereby inventing its modern usage. The word had been used differently since the time of the ancient Greeks to mean the ability to receive stimulation from one or more of the five bodily senses. In hisMetaphysic, § 451, Baumgarten defined taste, in its wider meaning, as the ability to judge according to the senses, instead of according to the intellect. Such a judgment of taste he saw as based on feelings of pleasure or displeasure. A science of aesthetics would be, for Baumgarten, a deduction of the rules or principles of artistic or natural beauty from individual "taste". Baumgarten may have been motivated to respond to Pierre Bonhours' opinion, published in a pamphlet in the late 17th century, that Germans were incapable of appreciating art and beauty.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (/ˈheɪɡəl/;[11] German: [ˈɡeːɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved wide renown in his day and, while primarily influential within the continental tradition of philosophy, has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well.[12] Although he remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature within Western philosophy is universally recognized. Hegel's principal achievement is his development of a distinctive articulation of idealism sometimes termed "absolute idealism",[13] in which the dualisms of, for instance, mind and nature and subject and object are overcome. His philosophy of spirit conceptually integrates psychology, the state, history, art, religion, and philosophy. His account of the master–slave dialectic has been highly influential, especially in 20th-century France.
- Verlag Karl Baedeker, founded by Karl Baedeker on July 1, 1827, is a German publisher and pioneer in the business of worldwidetravel guides. The guides, often referred to simply as "Baedekers" (a term sometimes used to refer to similar works from other publishers, or travel guides in general), contain, among other things, maps and introductions; information about routes and travel facilities; and descriptions of noteworthy buildings, sights, attractions and museums, written by specialists.
- Carl Diem (born June 24, 1882, Würzburg – December 17, 1962, Cologne) was a German sports administrator, and as Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Berlin Olympic Games, the chief organizer of the 1936 Olympic Summer Games. He created the tradition of the Olympic torch relay when he organised the 1936 build-up event, and was an influential historian of sport, particularly the Olympic games.
- Adolf Hitler
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21713843-500th-anniversary-95-theses-finds-country-moralistic-ever-how-martin-luther-has
- https://www.quora.com/What-should-everyone-know-about-Martin-Luther
- Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (17 July1714 – 27 May1762) was a Germanphilosopher. He was a brother to theologian Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten(1706–1757). Baumgarten appropriated the word aesthetics, which had always meant "sensation", to mean taste or "sense" of beauty. In so doing, he gave the word a different significance, thereby inventing its modern usage. The word had been used differently since the time of the ancient Greeks to mean the ability to receive stimulation from one or more of the five bodily senses. In hisMetaphysic, § 451, Baumgarten defined taste, in its wider meaning, as the ability to judge according to the senses, instead of according to the intellect. Such a judgment of taste he saw as based on feelings of pleasure or displeasure. A science of aesthetics would be, for Baumgarten, a deduction of the rules or principles of artistic or natural beauty from individual "taste". Baumgarten may have been motivated to respond to Pierre Bonhours' opinion, published in a pamphlet in the late 17th century, that Germans were incapable of appreciating art and beauty.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (/ˈheɪɡəl/;[11] German: [ˈɡeːɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved wide renown in his day and, while primarily influential within the continental tradition of philosophy, has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well.[12] Although he remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature within Western philosophy is universally recognized. Hegel's principal achievement is his development of a distinctive articulation of idealism sometimes termed "absolute idealism",[13] in which the dualisms of, for instance, mind and nature and subject and object are overcome. His philosophy of spirit conceptually integrates psychology, the state, history, art, religion, and philosophy. His account of the master–slave dialectic has been highly influential, especially in 20th-century France.
- Verlag Karl Baedeker, founded by Karl Baedeker on July 1, 1827, is a German publisher and pioneer in the business of worldwidetravel guides. The guides, often referred to simply as "Baedekers" (a term sometimes used to refer to similar works from other publishers, or travel guides in general), contain, among other things, maps and introductions; information about routes and travel facilities; and descriptions of noteworthy buildings, sights, attractions and museums, written by specialists.
- Carl Diem (born June 24, 1882, Würzburg – December 17, 1962, Cologne) was a German sports administrator, and as Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Berlin Olympic Games, the chief organizer of the 1936 Olympic Summer Games. He created the tradition of the Olympic torch relay when he organised the 1936 build-up event, and was an influential historian of sport, particularly the Olympic games.
- Adolf Hitler
- http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/1.643691 The fact that Volkswagen, Siemens and BMW cooperated with the Nazi regime before and during World War II is both well-known and unsurprising. But Hugo Boss? And Coca Cola? They and others – Random House publishers, Nestlé and IBM, for example – all appear on the list of "12 Famous Companies Who Worked With Adolf Hitler," published by What Culture, a film and culture website.
- 已故納粹德國領袖希特拉位於奧地利的故居，即將改建成警署。奧地利政府前日宣布，將使用當地建築公司的設計，斥資五百萬歐元（約四千三百三十萬港元），預計工程於二○二三年完成。位於奧地利北部小鎮因河畔布勞瑙的三層高淺黃色建築物，是希特拉出生的地方，惟該處被新納粹主義視為「聖地」而引起爭議，其後官方在二○一六年以強制購買令取得建築物的物業權，於去年十一月宣布將故居改建成警署，並在歐盟成員國招標，徵求最佳的重建設計藍圖。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200604/00180_033.html
- bmv
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2015/08/05/johanna-quandt-billionaire-matriarch-of-bmw-clan-dies-at-89/ Johanna Quandt, the billionaire widow of BMW founder Herbert Quandt, and Germany’s second-richest woman behind her daughter, has died at the age of 89. Her influence on the premium German carmaker began in the 1950s, when she went to work first as a secretary and then as personal assistant to Herbert Quandt, who saved the company from near-bankruptcy in 1959. They married in 1960 and had two children, Stefan Quandt and Susanne Klatten.
- Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen; née Albrecht, 8 October 1958) is a German politician and the European Council's proposed candidate for President of the European Commission. She has served as Minister of Defence since 2013. A member of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), she is the first woman in German history to hold the office. She was born and raised in Brussels, where her father Ernst Albrecht was one of the first European civil servants from 1958, and was brought up bilingual in German and French; she is of German and American descent. She moved to Hanover in 1971, when her father entered politics to become Prime Minister of the state of Lower Saxony in 1976. As an economics student in London in the late 1970s, she lived under the name Rose Ladson, the family name of a paternal great-grandmother, descended from planter class ancestors fromCharleston, South Carolina. After graduating as a physician from the Hanover Medical School in 1987, she specialized in women's health. As a mother of seven children, she was a housewife during parts of the 1990s and lived for four years in Stanford, California, returning to Germany in 1996. In the late 1990s she became involved in local politics in the Hanover region and she served as a cabinet minister in the state government of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2005. In 2005 she joined the federal cabinet, first as Minister of Family Affairs and Youth from 2005 to 2009, then as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2009 to 2013, before succeeding Thomas de Maizière as Minister of Defence in 2013.[1]She is the only minister to have served continuously in Angela Merkel's cabinet since she took office. She has previously been regarded as a main contender to succeed Merkel as Chancellor and as the favourite to become Secretary-General of NATO.
- Ernst Johann Eitel or alternatively Ernest John Eitel (13 February 1838 – 10 November 1908) was a German Protestant missionary to China born in Württemberg, Germany. Adopting the Chinese name 歐德理 (pinyin: Ōudélǐ), he came to Lilang, Xin'an district in Guangdong, China under the Basel Mission. Facing refusal of permission to marry an ex-Catholic, he transferred to the London Missionary Society at Canton in April 1865 and took charge of the Boluo Mission and the Hakka villages outside Canton. The next year, he married Mary Anne Winifred Eaton of the Female Education Society and Lady Superintendent of the Diocesan Native Female Training School. In January 1870 he moved to Hong Kong while still having charge of the Boluo Mission. In 1875, he became Director of Chinese Studies. In 1878, he was appointed Supervisor of Interpreters and Translator to the Supreme Court though he resigned this post in 1882 after censure for accepting private payment for translation work he was required to do anyway.[2]He had resigned from the London Missionary Society in April 1879. From March 1879 to 1896, Eitel served as Inspector of Schools of the Hong Kong Government. He was particularly vigorous in promoting education for girls[3] and pursued a policy of private education over government-run schooling.[4] He also served as Private Secretary to Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy for about two years from 1880 to 1881, again resigning under a cloud, the Governor accusing him of having exceeded his authority.
- vietnamese
- Philipp Rösler, GOM (born 24 February 1973)[1] is a German politician who was the Federal Minister of Economics and Technology and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 2011 to 2013.[2] He was also Chairman of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) from 2011 to 2013. Following the 2013 federal election in which the FDP left the Bundestag, Rösler announced his resignation from the chairmanship. Born in Vietnam, Rösler was the first cabinet minister of Asian background in Germany. Rösler was born in Khánh Hưng, Ba Xuyên Province, in South Vietnam (now Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam) on 24 February 1973.[4][5] No information regarding Rösler's Vietnamese birth parents is known. He was adopted from a Roman Catholic orphanage near Saigon[6] by a German couple who already had two biological children, and brought to West Germany at the age of nine months.[5] He was raised by his adoptive father, who is a career military officer, after the couple separated when he was four years old. Rösler grew up in Hamburg, Bückeburg and Hanover, where he graduated from high school in 1992.[8] After training to become a combat medic in the German Bundeswehr (the Federal Defence Force), Rösler was accepted to study medicine at the Hanover Medical School. Following this, he continued his education at the Bundeswehr hospital in Hamburg. He earned his Doctorate in cardio-thoracic-vascular surgery in 2002.[8] Then he left the service as a Stabsarzt (a rank for German medical officers equivalent to an army captain)[9] in 2003.In January 2014 Philipp Rösler became a member of the managing board of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Switzerland.He is a Roman Catholic, and a member of the General Conference of the Central Committee of German Catholics. He has been married to Wiebke Rösler, also a physician, since 2003. The couple has twin girls, Grietje and Gesche, born in 2008. Grand Officer of the Order of Merit, Portugal (3 March 2009).
- catholic
- ベトナムの南部メコンデルタ地方のカンフン市バシエン省（現ソックチャン省）に生まれる。戦争孤児。実の両親はベトナム戦争で戦死したため、出生名は分かっていない。カトリック系の孤児院にいた生後9カ月の時、養子縁組のために西ドイツ（当時）に渡り、2人の娘を持つドイツ人のレスラー夫妻の養子となった。しかし、4歳の時にレスラー夫妻が離婚したため、ドイツ連邦軍のパイロットである養父の側に引き取られ、その後は兵舎でドイツ軍兵士に囲まれながら成長した。
- HNA Group’s [HNAIRC.UL] largest shareholder, Hainan Cihang Charity Foundation Inc, is set to appoint former German economy minister and vice chancellor Philipp Roesler as its chief executive, according to a person familiar with the matter. Bloomberg, which had earlier reported the proposed appointment, added that it could be made in the coming weeks.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hna-group-ceo/hnas-top-shareholder-to-name-ex-german-minister-as-its-ceo-source-idUSKBN1D72VF
- Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (German pronunciation: [ˈʔanəɡʁeːt ˈkʁamp ˈkaʁənˌbaʊ̯ɐ]; born 9 August 1962), sometimes referred to by her initials AKK, is a German politician serving as Minister of Defence of Germany since July 2019 and leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since the 2018 CDU leadership election, succeeding Angela Merkel. She previously served as secretary general of the party and as Minister-President of Saarland from 2011 to 2018,[2] the first woman to lead the Government of Saarland and fourth woman to head a German state government. Kramp-Karrenbauer is regarded as socially conservative, but on the CDU's left-wing in economic policy and has been described as a centrist. She is an active Catholic and has served on the Central Committee of German Catholics. She is the second woman to hold the office of German defence minister.
- Heiko Josef Maas (born 19 September 1966) is a German politician who serves as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the fourth cabinet of Angela Merkel since 14 March 2018.[1] He served as the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection from 17 December 2013 to 14 March 2018. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party. Maas was born in Saarlouis to a Catholic family, and is a lawyer. Maas was born on 19 September 1966 to a Catholic, middle class family in Saarlouis, a city near the French border that is named for Louis XIV of France. His father was a professional soldier who later became a manager at Saarlouis Body & Assembly, a car plant owned by Ford Germany, while his mother was a dressmaker.
- met with hk dissidents wenwei 8jun2020
Monarchy
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21654111-traditional-centre-berlin-new-and-former-castle-rising-what-would-kaiser-say FOR five centuries Berlin grew out from its political centre, the castle of the Hohenzollerns, as the dynasty rose from imperial electors of Brandenburg to kings of Prussia and finally emperors of Germany. The expanding edifice reflected this. Andreas Schlüter, a Baroque star, made it grand in the 18th century. Karl-Friedrich Schinkel, a 19th-century titan, surrounded it with neoclassical temples. When the last Kaiser fled into Dutch exile in 1918, the building ceased to be a power centre. After 1945 it also stopped being the city’s heart, because the bombed-out ruin was in the Soviet sector. In 1950 the East Germans blew up this symbol of Prussian imperialism, replacing it in the 1970s with a “palace of the republic”, an architectural atrocity with orange windows and asbestos inside. After reunification and the capital’s return from Bonn to Berlin, the question of what to do with this historic space arose again. The Bundestag and chancellery were farther west, beyond the Brandenburg Gate that marked the old city boundary. The castle’s site was to have a vaguely cultural function. But what? After the palace of the republic was razed in 2006-08 a vast gap yawned at the end of Unter den Linden, which once led from the Brandenburg Gate to the castle but now “was like a joke without a punch line”, as one commentator put it.
- people
- ingeborg zu schleswig-holstein hkej 5apr16 c3 interview about the princess and artist
- "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" (English: "God Save Emperor Francis", lit. "God save Francis the Emperor") is a personal anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Austrian Empire. The lyrics were by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827), and the melody by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne" (Emperor's Hymn). Haydn's tune has since been widely employed in other contexts: in works of classical music, in Christian hymns, in alma maters, and as the tune of the "Deutschlandlied", the national anthem of Germany.
- ******One claimed folk source of "Gott erhalte" is a Croatian song, known in Međimurje and northern regions of Croatia under the name "Stal se jesem".[6] The version below was collected by a field worker in the Croatian-speaking Austrian village of Schandorf.
- note a 1816 sheet music with double head eagle motif https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Gott_erhalte_Caroline.jpg
- There were versions of the hymn in several languages of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (e.g., Czech, Croatian, Slovene, Hungarian, Polish, Italian).At the end of the First World War in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was abolished and divided into multiple states, one of them being the residual state of Austria, which was a republic and had no emperor. The tune ceased to be used for official purposes. When the last Emperor, Charles I, died in 1922, monarchists created an original stanza for his son Otto von Habsburg. Since the emperor was in fact never restored, this version never attained official standing.The hymn was revived in 1929 with completely new lyrics, known as Sei gesegnet ohne Ende, which remained the national anthem of Austria until the Anschluss. The first stanza of the hymn's 1854 version was sung in 1989 during the funeral of Empress Zita of Austria[14] and again in 2011 during the funeral of her son Otto von Habsburg
gold reserve
- http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/09/germany-brings-its-gold-stash-home-sooner-than-planned.html
SME (mittelstand)
- Hidden Champions in SMEs http://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/mittelstand/markenranking-deutschlands-hidden-champions-2013/8955312.html#image
- KfW Mittelstandspanel https://www.kfw.de/KfW-Group/KfW-Research/Economic-Research/Publikationen/KfW-Mittelstandspanel/
M&A
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21621813-why-german-firms-are-rampage-across-pond-germans-are-coming-again
Electricity shortage
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5061a3e6-7347-11e4-907b-00144feabdc0.html Germany has made a dramatic appeal to Sweden to help it out of an energy dilemma that threatens Europe’s biggest economy as it shifts away from nuclear power and fossil fuels to renewable energy. Sigmar Gabriel, Germany’s vice-chancellor, warned Sweden’s new prime minister Stefan Löfven last month that there would be “serious consequences” for electricity supplies and jobs if Sweden’s state-owned utility Vattenfall ditched plans to expand two coal mines in the northeast of Germany.
infrastructure
- https://www.ft.com/content/a98f7b30-776a-11e7-90c0-90a9d1bc9691 “For too long, Germany was focused on balancing its budget and reducing the deficit rather than on investment, and over time that really adds up,” says Henrik Enderlein, vice-president of the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, who helped write the SPD’s economic programme. Statistics show that public investment as a percentage of gross domestic product fell from nearly 5 per cent in 1970 to an all-time low of 1.9 per cent in 2005. It has stabilised at about 2 per cent. The government insists public investment is “surging”, with an average annual growth rate of 3.8 per cent, and will increase by about 5 per cent a year until 2020.
Social welfare
- child
Arts
- Meissen porcelain or Meissen china is the first European hard-paste porcelain. It was developed starting in 1708 by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. After his death that October, Johann Friedrich Böttgercontinued von Tschirnhaus's work and brought porcelain to the market. The production of porcelain at Meissen, near Dresden, started in 1710 and attracted artists and artisans to establish one of the most famous porcelain manufacturers, still in business today as Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH. Its signature logo, the crossed swords, was introduced in 1720 to protect its production; the mark of the crossed swords is one of the oldest trademarks in existence. It dominated the style of European porcelain until 1756.
costume
- 黑森林紅大绒球帽 hkcd 28nov18 b6
Literature
- mother courage
music
- Heinrich Schütz (German: [ʃʏt͡s]; 18 October [O.S. 8 October] 1585[1] – 6 November 1672[2]) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He wrote what is traditionally considered to be the first German opera, Dafne, performed at Torgau in 1627, the music of which has since been lost. He is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of some North American Lutheran churches on 28 July with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
- Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [ˈdiːtəʁɪç bʊkstəˈhuːdə]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [ˈdiðəʁeɡ buɡsdəˈhuːðə]; c. 1637/39[1] – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period. His organ works represent a central part of the standard organ repertoire and are frequently performed at recitals and in church services.
- Georg Philipp Telemann (24 March [O.S. 14 March] 1681 – 25 June 1767) (German pronunciation: [ˈteːləman]) was a German Baroquecomposer and multi-instrumentalist.
- Johann Sebastian Bach[a] (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the Brandenburg Concertos and the Goldberg Variations, and vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor.
- George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (/ˈhændəl/;[a] born Georg Friedrich Händel [b] German: [ˈhɛndəl] ; 23 February 1685 (O.S.) [(N.S.) 5 March] – 14 April 1759)[2]{{efn|Handel's tomb in Westminster has the incorrect birth date of 24 February 1684.[3] was a German, later British, baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.
myths, superstition
- 「在德國的很多小村莊裏，以前大部分都有煙囱。曾經因為煙囱堵塞有過好幾次很嚴重的火災，後來便有了清掃煙囱的職業，在人們看來這是趕走厄運的職業。所以抓一點煙囱灰，拍拍手，灰消失在空中，彷彿厄運消失一樣。」同學們恍然大悟。「當然，德國人不喜歡13，13號如果出現在周五更是不吉利的日子。有個統計說，在那一天，德國人工作請假的人數顯著地高於其他工作日。」德語老師說得津津有味，「還有，比如說，人不能從三角架的中間鑽過，也是會帶來厄運；生日或者結業或者升職在正式日子之前，都不能提前預祝……還有，中國人忌諱把鬧鐘作為禮物送人，我們也一樣，因為大家都不喜歡看着時光流逝。」http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200207/PDF/b4_screen.pdf
School system
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21606298-parents-fret-over-how-long-children-should-stay-school-gymnasium-revolt#sthash.OjvsCHtW.dpbs
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21636060-not-elite-improving-german-universities-bet-middle-way-between-great-and-so-so
Study in Germany
- Studying in Germany - A Practical Guide for International Students https://www.daad.de/medien/deutschland/nach-deutschland/downloads/daad_sid_brosch_aufl4_en_120217b_dl.pdf
- research
Trade unions
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdb1c5fa-8153-11e4-a493-00144feabdc0.html Angela Merkel’s government has approved draft legislation that curbs the ability of small but influential unions to bring large parts of the German economy to a halt.
Nationality
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21699473-all-ways-european-countries-classify-ethnicity-germanys-may-be-worst-name-date
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-very-German-problem
language
- dutch
jews
- https://epdf.pub/jewish-daily-life-in-germany-1618-1945.html
Muslim
- http://www.dw.com/en/could-germany-soon-have-a-muslim-holiday/a-40947802 All Souls Day (November 1), which honors the memory of the deceased, for instance, is only observed in regions where many Catholics live. De Maiziere envisions a regionally defined Muslim holiday. Holidays have a long tradition in Germany, said Lower Saxony's CDU party chairman, Bernd Althusmann, who immediately criticized the interior minister's proposal. Althusmann says he fails to see the necessity of changing Germany's long-standing holiday calendar. But that was not his only criticism. Althusmann is fundamentally opposed to any discussion of religious holidays in the middle of an election campaign. Lower Saxony will hold regional elections on Sunday, and de Maiziere traveled to the state as one of the CDU's most prominent speakers. Such a controversial topic, one that could spook parts of the party's conservative base, is seen by many as risky.
- ft 25mar19 germany to promote homegrown islam
USA
- German business leaders are preparing for a campaign in the US to push the benefits of free trade as fears grow that President Donald Trump’s administration is embracing protectionism. https://www.ft.com/content/1f9974ea-f9e7-11e6-9516-2d969e0d3b65
UK
- https://www.ft.com/content/8b446f5c-bb29-11e7-9bfb-4a9c83ffa852 BaFin, the German financial regulator, has written to UK-based insurers to demand details of how they plan to deal with a hard Brexit. The letter, seen by the Financial Times, asks for information about “what emergency plans you have developed to take into account all conceivable exit scenarios”, although it places particular emphasis on a hard Brexit. It comes amid concerns that insurers will not be able to fulfil their promises to customers after the UK leaves the EU. A hard Brexit, with no exit agreement between the UK and the EU, could leave the industry in a legal quandary. Many London-based insurers use the EU’s passporting rights to sell policies — some of which last for decades — in other parts of the trading bloc such as Germany. They range from personal pensions to the kind of complex commercial policies sold in and around Lloyd’s of London. If the passporting rights disappear, the insurers may not be legally allowed to pay out on those policies. Insurance companies say they face a choice of breaking the contract or breaking the law.
- railway
France
- past territorial dispute
Denmark
- http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tech/2015/04/03/longest-road-rail-tunnel-coming-soon-nws-orig.cnn?sr=fb040615underwatertunnel745pVODVideo the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link, a proposed 11-mile underwater tunnel that would link Denmark to Germany
Russia
- diaspora
- German exports to Russia tumbled by more than a quarter in August, underlining the impact of sanctions on Europe's biggest economy. But it is not just Germany that is suffering. Tourism across Europe and North America has taken a knock, too.http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/45eea262-5f72-11e4-a882-00144feabdc0.html
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21690055-nostalgia-ostpolitik-fouling-up-german-diplomacy-bear-backers tHIS week Horst Seehofer, the premier of Bavaria and an unruly ally of Chancellor Angela Merkel, ruffled German diplomatic feathers by visiting Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president. Mr Seehofer’s trip carried no official weight. But hugging a leader whom Mrs Merkel treats warily further confused Germany’s muddled “eastern policy”, or Ostpolitik. The term dates back to the rapprochement with the communist bloc begun in 1969 by Willy Brandt, West Germany’s first Social Democratic chancellor. It set in motion the normalisation of relations with East Germany and other Warsaw Pact nations, as well as easing tensions with the Soviet Union. Today Social Democrats still credit Ostpolitik for the eventual fall of the Berlin Wall. After German reunification, which required Soviet blessing, the conciliatory spirit spread to the centre-right Christian Democrats, led today by Mrs Merkel. It has also spawned the notion of Russlandversteher (“Russia-understanders”), Germans who mix sympathy for Russia with antipathy for America.
austria
- https://www.quora.com/Do-Germans-like-Austrians Austrians are rarely encountered in Germany, and when they are, they immediately get noticed for their different manner and speech.
- https://www.ft.com/content/9f62345e-43a7-11e8-93cf-67ac3a6482fd When the Brandenburg police received orders to beef up their ranks after years of austerity and staff cuts, they took a decidedly unconventional approach. They looked east. Faced with a dearth of local interest, the force began recruiting Poles. Starting in 2016, officers attended job fairs across Poland and created a Polish website with details on how to apply for training.
Turkey
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21703296-tensions-rise-turkey-they-spill-over-germany-old-faultlines
- The European country has become a battlefield in Turkey’s vote to boost the president’s powers https://www.ft.com/content/2a930076-1ae6-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f
- https://simonshen.blog/2016/04/08/德國與土耳其：結盟百年的未來/
- bei einem Angriff auf mehrere Türken vor dem Berliner Tempodrom in der Kreuzberger Möckernstraße ist am Freitagabend ein 42-jähriger Mann getötet worden, vier weitere wurden durch Schüsse verletzt.
- turkish in germany
North Korea
- German authorities plan to terminate a North Korean business in the heart of Berlin - a big hostel next to the communist state's embassy. The move is in line with UN sanctions aimed at curbing Pyongyang's nuclear weapons capability. German media say City Hostel Berlin is run by a Turkish hotelier who pays more than €38,000 (£32,000; $41,000) a month in rent to North Korea. The embassy also derives income from a conference hall at the site. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39882199
south korea
- The 32nd meeting of the Joint Economic Committee between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Federal Republic of Germany took place in Seoul on Tuesday, October 15, bringing together 19 officials of relevant government agencies of the two countries. It was co-chaired by Yun Kang-hyeon, Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the Korean side, and by Eckhard Franz, Director-General for External Economic Policy of Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, on the German side. The meeting discussed ways to step up bilateral cooperation not only in overall trade and investment but also in various fields such as smart manufacturing, small- and medium-sized enterprises, renewable energy, and information and communication technology. The two sides agreed to continue to strengthen cooperation in areas of science and technology and industry as a joint response to the fourth industrial revolution, and discussed ways to expand cooperation in digitalisation and materials, parts and machineries.http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do
- A South Korean man is suing former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder for allegedly having an affair with his wife, now Schröder's future bride, while she was still married to him, according to a report by the Yonhap news agency on Monday.
- scmp 4jul19 "a pattern of violence" southeast asian residents of berlin
- https://www.ft.com/content/a98f7b30-776a-11e7-90c0-90a9d1bc9691 “For too long, Germany was focused on balancing its budget and reducing the deficit rather than on investment, and over time that really adds up,” says Henrik Enderlein, vice-president of the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, who helped write the SPD’s economic programme. Statistics show that public investment as a percentage of gross domestic product fell from nearly 5 per cent in 1970 to an all-time low of 1.9 per cent in 2005. It has stabilised at about 2 per cent. The government insists public investment is “surging”, with an average annual growth rate of 3.8 per cent, and will increase by about 5 per cent a year until 2020.
- child
- berlin considers cap on migrants' child benefits http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/48e0faec-2df4-11e4-8346-00144feabdc0.html
Arts
- Meissen porcelain or Meissen china is the first European hard-paste porcelain. It was developed starting in 1708 by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. After his death that October, Johann Friedrich Böttgercontinued von Tschirnhaus's work and brought porcelain to the market. The production of porcelain at Meissen, near Dresden, started in 1710 and attracted artists and artisans to establish one of the most famous porcelain manufacturers, still in business today as Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH. Its signature logo, the crossed swords, was introduced in 1720 to protect its production; the mark of the crossed swords is one of the oldest trademarks in existence. It dominated the style of European porcelain until 1756.
costume
- 黑森林紅大绒球帽 hkcd 28nov18 b6
Literature
- mother courage
- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/francis-levy/mother-courage-and-the-is_b_8718666.html Richard N. Haass, the President of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations makes the following statement in a truly "global" essay, "The Unraveling: How to Respond to a Disordered World" (Foreign Affairs, November/December 2014):
"The chief cauldron of contemporary disorder is the Middle East. For all the comparisons that have been made to World War I or the Cold War, what is taking place in the region today most resembles the Thirty Years' War, three decades of conflict that ravaged much of Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century."
You may recall that Brecht's great masterpiece Mother Courage and Her Children was situated during that conflict. Originally Brecht had written it as a thinly veiled allegory about the totalitarianism sweeping Europe, but one wonders if using Haass's analogy it might not tell us something about the economics of terror. Yes economics. Maladaptability in the guise of adaptability may be said to be one of the most outstanding characteristics of the human race.
music
- Heinrich Schütz (German: [ʃʏt͡s]; 18 October [O.S. 8 October] 1585[1] – 6 November 1672[2]) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He wrote what is traditionally considered to be the first German opera, Dafne, performed at Torgau in 1627, the music of which has since been lost. He is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of some North American Lutheran churches on 28 July with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
- Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [ˈdiːtəʁɪç bʊkstəˈhuːdə]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [ˈdiðəʁeɡ buɡsdəˈhuːðə]; c. 1637/39[1] – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period. His organ works represent a central part of the standard organ repertoire and are frequently performed at recitals and in church services.
- Georg Philipp Telemann (24 March [O.S. 14 March] 1681 – 25 June 1767) (German pronunciation: [ˈteːləman]) was a German Baroquecomposer and multi-instrumentalist.
- Johann Sebastian Bach[a] (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the Brandenburg Concertos and the Goldberg Variations, and vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor.
- George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (/ˈhændəl/;[a] born Georg Friedrich Händel [b] German: [ˈhɛndəl] ; 23 February 1685 (O.S.) [(N.S.) 5 March] – 14 April 1759)[2]{{efn|Handel's tomb in Westminster has the incorrect birth date of 24 February 1684.[3] was a German, later British, baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.
myths, superstition
- 「在德國的很多小村莊裏，以前大部分都有煙囱。曾經因為煙囱堵塞有過好幾次很嚴重的火災，後來便有了清掃煙囱的職業，在人們看來這是趕走厄運的職業。所以抓一點煙囱灰，拍拍手，灰消失在空中，彷彿厄運消失一樣。」同學們恍然大悟。「當然，德國人不喜歡13，13號如果出現在周五更是不吉利的日子。有個統計說，在那一天，德國人工作請假的人數顯著地高於其他工作日。」德語老師說得津津有味，「還有，比如說，人不能從三角架的中間鑽過，也是會帶來厄運；生日或者結業或者升職在正式日子之前，都不能提前預祝……還有，中國人忌諱把鬧鐘作為禮物送人，我們也一樣，因為大家都不喜歡看着時光流逝。」http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200207/PDF/b4_screen.pdf
School system
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21606298-parents-fret-over-how-long-children-should-stay-school-gymnasium-revolt#sthash.OjvsCHtW.dpbs
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21636060-not-elite-improving-german-universities-bet-middle-way-between-great-and-so-so
Study in Germany
- Studying in Germany - A Practical Guide for International Students https://www.daad.de/medien/deutschland/nach-deutschland/downloads/daad_sid_brosch_aufl4_en_120217b_dl.pdf
- research
- Research-in-germany.de
- Research-explorer.dfg.de
Trade unions
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cdb1c5fa-8153-11e4-a493-00144feabdc0.html Angela Merkel’s government has approved draft legislation that curbs the ability of small but influential unions to bring large parts of the German economy to a halt.
Nationality
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21699473-all-ways-european-countries-classify-ethnicity-germanys-may-be-worst-name-date
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-very-German-problem
language
- dutch
- https://www.quora.com/Which-part-of-Germany-speaks-Dutch
jews
- https://epdf.pub/jewish-daily-life-in-germany-1618-1945.html
Muslim
- http://www.dw.com/en/could-germany-soon-have-a-muslim-holiday/a-40947802 All Souls Day (November 1), which honors the memory of the deceased, for instance, is only observed in regions where many Catholics live. De Maiziere envisions a regionally defined Muslim holiday. Holidays have a long tradition in Germany, said Lower Saxony's CDU party chairman, Bernd Althusmann, who immediately criticized the interior minister's proposal. Althusmann says he fails to see the necessity of changing Germany's long-standing holiday calendar. But that was not his only criticism. Althusmann is fundamentally opposed to any discussion of religious holidays in the middle of an election campaign. Lower Saxony will hold regional elections on Sunday, and de Maiziere traveled to the state as one of the CDU's most prominent speakers. Such a controversial topic, one that could spook parts of the party's conservative base, is seen by many as risky.
- ft 25mar19 germany to promote homegrown islam
USA
- German business leaders are preparing for a campaign in the US to push the benefits of free trade as fears grow that President Donald Trump’s administration is embracing protectionism. https://www.ft.com/content/1f9974ea-f9e7-11e6-9516-2d969e0d3b65
UK
- https://www.ft.com/content/8b446f5c-bb29-11e7-9bfb-4a9c83ffa852 BaFin, the German financial regulator, has written to UK-based insurers to demand details of how they plan to deal with a hard Brexit. The letter, seen by the Financial Times, asks for information about “what emergency plans you have developed to take into account all conceivable exit scenarios”, although it places particular emphasis on a hard Brexit. It comes amid concerns that insurers will not be able to fulfil their promises to customers after the UK leaves the EU. A hard Brexit, with no exit agreement between the UK and the EU, could leave the industry in a legal quandary. Many London-based insurers use the EU’s passporting rights to sell policies — some of which last for decades — in other parts of the trading bloc such as Germany. They range from personal pensions to the kind of complex commercial policies sold in and around Lloyd’s of London. If the passporting rights disappear, the insurers may not be legally allowed to pay out on those policies. Insurance companies say they face a choice of breaking the contract or breaking the law.
- railway
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-austria-germany-spying/austria-calls-on-germany-to-clarify-spying-allegations-idUSKBN1JC0RU Germany’s state rail operator has shelved plans for international high-speed services between London, Cologne and Frankfurt due to “changes” in the “economic environment”, The Independent has learned. Deutsche Bahn (DB) said the services to London would now “not be on the agenda in the foreseeable future”, despite just last year saying they were “still interested”.
France
- past territorial dispute
- Palatinate 1918
- Ruhr 1923
- Saar 1920
- A referendum on the Saar statute was held in the Saar Protectorate on 23 October 1955.[1] The statute would make the territory independent under the auspices of a European Commissioner to be appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Western European Union, while remaining in the economic union with France. Its rejection by voters was taken as an indication that they would rather reunite with West Germany.[2] So on 27 October 1956 France and West Germany concluded the Saar Treaty establishing that Saarland should be allowed to join West Germany, as provided by its Grundgesetz constitution article 23 and so Saarland did as a state of Germany with effect of 1 January 1957.
- The Saar Treaty, or Treaty of Luxembourg (German: Vertrag von Luxemburg, French: accords de Luxembourg) is an agreement between West Germanyand France concerning the return of the Saar Protectorate to West Germany. The treaty was signed in Luxembourg on October 27, 1956 by foreign ministersHeinrich von Brentano of West Germany and Christian Pineau of France, following the Saar Statute referendum on October 23, 1955 which resulted in a majority vote against the Saar Statute. After the Landtag declared to accede to the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), the incorporation of the Saarland was finalised on January 1, 1957. Both involved parties agreed on an economic transition period through 1959, during which the Saarland remained under French control. hkej 10jul17 shum article
- "the secrets of saarland" economist 22feb19 what the outsize influence of a tiny state says about germany
Denmark
- http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tech/2015/04/03/longest-road-rail-tunnel-coming-soon-nws-orig.cnn?sr=fb040615underwatertunnel745pVODVideo the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link, a proposed 11-mile underwater tunnel that would link Denmark to Germany
Russia
- diaspora
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/11/02/a17-1102.pdf 溫斯多夫城方圓六千公頃，大部分被茂密森林 覆蓋，位置隱蔽。早於二戰期間，納粹德軍已將 溫斯多夫選為軍事區，建造許多堅固堡壘和地下 通道。其中有十多座地堡用作通訊指揮部，發出 電報往斯大林格勒（聖彼得堡）、法國、荷蘭， 甚至非洲，直接指揮前線作戰；進攻蘇聯的著名 「芭芭羅莎計劃」便是在此制定。 這些地堡異常堅固，用鋼筋水泥建造的牆壁厚 逾一米。盟軍曾對地堡進行狂轟猛炸，卻絲毫未 損。戰爭結束，蘇軍進駐東德，根據一九四五年 的《波茨坦協議》，蘇軍負責炸毀這些地堡，但 因牆身過於堅固，部分雖倒塌，地室仍存在。 報道說，地堡通訊部曾發生一宗感人的愛情悲 劇，納粹德軍佔領斯大林格勒後，每日與禁城通 電報，聽取前線作戰指令。負責發電報的一男一 女日久生情，雙方立下盟約戰後共偕連理。德軍 戰敗，男方從前線發往禁城的最 後一個電報，接聽者已是蘇聯紅 軍。報道說，這名男子曾來禁 城，哭着尋找素未謀面的情人。 據《衛報》描述，戰後蘇軍進 駐東德的人數約三十八萬，散佈 一千多個區域（現任俄羅斯總統 普京，當年被派駐德累斯頓 （Dresden）搜集情報。）一九 八九年柏林圍牆倒塌後，蘇軍隨 即撤退。報道說，許多軍眷住了 幾十年，僅得兩日時間通知返 國，走得很匆忙，遺下冰箱和電 視機等家庭用品未能及時搬遷。 一走三十年，最近溫斯多夫出現許多俄羅斯遊 客，其中不乏當年的舊市民。
- German exports to Russia tumbled by more than a quarter in August, underlining the impact of sanctions on Europe's biggest economy. But it is not just Germany that is suffering. Tourism across Europe and North America has taken a knock, too.http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/45eea262-5f72-11e4-a882-00144feabdc0.html
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21690055-nostalgia-ostpolitik-fouling-up-german-diplomacy-bear-backers tHIS week Horst Seehofer, the premier of Bavaria and an unruly ally of Chancellor Angela Merkel, ruffled German diplomatic feathers by visiting Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president. Mr Seehofer’s trip carried no official weight. But hugging a leader whom Mrs Merkel treats warily further confused Germany’s muddled “eastern policy”, or Ostpolitik. The term dates back to the rapprochement with the communist bloc begun in 1969 by Willy Brandt, West Germany’s first Social Democratic chancellor. It set in motion the normalisation of relations with East Germany and other Warsaw Pact nations, as well as easing tensions with the Soviet Union. Today Social Democrats still credit Ostpolitik for the eventual fall of the Berlin Wall. After German reunification, which required Soviet blessing, the conciliatory spirit spread to the centre-right Christian Democrats, led today by Mrs Merkel. It has also spawned the notion of Russlandversteher (“Russia-understanders”), Germans who mix sympathy for Russia with antipathy for America.
austria
- https://www.quora.com/Do-Germans-like-Austrians Austrians are rarely encountered in Germany, and when they are, they immediately get noticed for their different manner and speech.
On the whole, they come across as more elegant, relaxed, and even a bit exotic.
poland- https://www.ft.com/content/9f62345e-43a7-11e8-93cf-67ac3a6482fd When the Brandenburg police received orders to beef up their ranks after years of austerity and staff cuts, they took a decidedly unconventional approach. They looked east. Faced with a dearth of local interest, the force began recruiting Poles. Starting in 2016, officers attended job fairs across Poland and created a Polish website with details on how to apply for training.
- !!!! scmp 22apr18 "neo nazis found in german police ranks"
Turkey
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21703296-tensions-rise-turkey-they-spill-over-germany-old-faultlines
- The European country has become a battlefield in Turkey’s vote to boost the president’s powers https://www.ft.com/content/2a930076-1ae6-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f
- https://simonshen.blog/2016/04/08/德國與土耳其：結盟百年的未來/
- bei einem Angriff auf mehrere Türken vor dem Berliner Tempodrom in der Kreuzberger Möckernstraße ist am Freitagabend ein 42-jähriger Mann getötet worden, vier weitere wurden durch Schüsse verletzt.
In Sicherheitskreisen geht man inzwischen von vier Tätern aus, die ebenfalls türkischstämmig sind. Während der Tat fand im Tempodrom die „Güldür Güldür Show“ statt, eine Comedy-Sendung, die aus dem türkischen Fernsehen bekannt und sehr beliebt ist. https://m.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizei-justiz/fahndung-nach-vier-tatverdaechtigen-bei-angriff-am-tempodrom-verhinderte-polizei-wohl-noch-mehr-tote/25549904.html
- turkish style supermarket http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200807/PDF/b10_screen.pdf- turkish in germany
- husband of 刘欣，中央电视台主持人，江苏镇江人。1993年考取南京大学外国语学院英语系。现为中国国际电视台（CGTN）英语新闻节目主持人。
- 2001年6月，香港国际电影节“中国日”活动
- 2019年5月22日，CGTN主持人刘欣在一期评论短视频中有力驳斥了福克斯商业频道（Fox Business）女主播Trish Regan宣扬对华“经济战”的言论。次日，Trish在节目中对其进行了回应，之后，Trish又在其个人推特上和刘欣约辩。刘欣欣然应约
North Korea
- German authorities plan to terminate a North Korean business in the heart of Berlin - a big hostel next to the communist state's embassy. The move is in line with UN sanctions aimed at curbing Pyongyang's nuclear weapons capability. German media say City Hostel Berlin is run by a Turkish hotelier who pays more than €38,000 (£32,000; $41,000) a month in rent to North Korea. The embassy also derives income from a conference hall at the site. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39882199
south korea
- The 32nd meeting of the Joint Economic Committee between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Federal Republic of Germany took place in Seoul on Tuesday, October 15, bringing together 19 officials of relevant government agencies of the two countries. It was co-chaired by Yun Kang-hyeon, Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the Korean side, and by Eckhard Franz, Director-General for External Economic Policy of Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, on the German side. The meeting discussed ways to step up bilateral cooperation not only in overall trade and investment but also in various fields such as smart manufacturing, small- and medium-sized enterprises, renewable energy, and information and communication technology. The two sides agreed to continue to strengthen cooperation in areas of science and technology and industry as a joint response to the fourth industrial revolution, and discussed ways to expand cooperation in digitalisation and materials, parts and machineries.http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do
- A South Korean man is suing former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder for allegedly having an affair with his wife, now Schröder's future bride, while she was still married to him, according to a report by the Yonhap news agency on Monday.
Although extramarital affairs ceased being a criminal offense in South Korea in 2015, affairs can still give grounds for civil legal action. The report cited a document submitted to the court that accused Schröder of causing the ex-husband of Kim So-yeon "unbearable mental distress." "Our marriage eventually fell apart, and the accused should be held responsible for his action," the document said. http://www.dw.com/en/german-ex-chancellor-gerhard-schröder-sued-by-fiancees-ex-husband/a-43594819
south east asia- scmp 4jul19 "a pattern of violence" southeast asian residents of berlin
vietnam
- The German Foreign Ministry has given a second Vietnamese diplomat four weeks to leave the country because of "evidence that he was involved" in the kidnapping of former Vietnamese oil executive Trinh Xuan Thanh, spokesman Rainer Breul said on Friday. After not receiving an "adequate response" from Vietnam, the Foreign Ministry posted on its Twitter account on Friday, "We have therefore expelled another Vietnamese diplomat from Germany."Germany expelled a Vietnamese intelligence officer in August for also allegedly being connected to the kidnapping, which German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel said involved methods "one sees in thriller films about the Cold War." Czech authorities last month arrested and extradited a Vietnamese secret service agent, who is currently being held in Berlin.http://www.dw.com/en/germany-expels-second-vietnamese-diplomat-for-involvement-in-alleged-kidnapping/a-40645989
chinese
- 華人遍佈全球，截至2016年全球海外華人超過5,000萬。德國作為歐洲著名的移民國家，竟沒半條唐人街。《蘋果》記者直擊柏林，當地華人指「德國不准興建唐人街」，但當地學者及學生認為德政府視唐人街影響社會融合，加上強迫外人學習德文，變相瓦解華人興建唐人街自成一國的決心。https://hk.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/article/20180812/20474586
- scmp 17jul19 chinese buyers rent german homes to fellow mainlanders
- 中國女學者楊蓉西在乳腺癌方面的研究成果，早前被德國海德堡大學醫學院附屬婦科醫院院長佐恩的團隊剽竊。德媒報道，該校的獨立調查委員會研究後，已暫停佐恩未來三個月在校內的研究和教學工作，該院院長和首席執行官等多名高層亦已辭職。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190811/00178_018.html
- literature
- 巴蜀譯翁亭揭牌儀式在武隆仙女 山天衢公園舉行，以此向著名翻譯家楊 武能為翻譯界及文學界作出的重大貢獻 表示敬意。當地宣傳部長石強楨陪同楊 老走到一座中國傳統樣式亭閣，共同拉 下 「巴蜀譯翁亭」 的紅綢緞，亭子兩邊 有對楹聯 「浮士德格林童話魔山 永遠 講不完的故事」 「翻譯家歌德學者作家 一世書不盡的傳奇」 ，皆為湖南書法家 涂光明題撰。楊武能教授生於重慶，是新中國 成立後第一位翻譯《格林童話全集》的 翻譯家，是郭沫若以後最受讚譽的歌德 翻譯家。一九九九年楊老主編並參加翻 譯十四卷本、大約五百萬字的《歌德文 集》，獲 「中國圖書獎」 等多項獎勵。 重慶采風活動後，抵達福州拿到 《石帆》雜誌，第一時間閱讀《大師總 是低聲說話》，作者特別提起 「現實生 活中，楊武能更是低調得讓人聽不到他 的聲音。幾乎是同一時期，張藝謀的《 紅高粱》獲得柏林電影節 『金熊獎』 ； 楊武能獲時任德國聯邦總統頒授的 『國 家功勳獎章』 。之後，楊武能獲國際歌 德協會頒授的 『歌德金質獎章』 ，歐洲 傳媒界一片叫好聲。這一枚令全世界作 家和翻譯家仰望的 『歌德金質獎章』 如 高懸天宇的一枚星星，被中國的楊武能 摘下，在中國幾乎無人知曉！」 因為低 調的楊老總是低聲說話。楊老可能不知道，作為 德國文學翻譯家，他的影響力不只在中 國大陸，也不只是我這個海外第三代或 我的下一代，更不僅是東南亞，楊老的 影響力之深遠，就像他在《格林童話談 片》裏寫的跋《格林童話談片》： 「格 林童話的搜集工作始於一八○六年，正 值拿破侖發布大陸封鎖令， 着手全面征服歐洲的時候；它的第一卷 出版於一八一二年，正值拿破侖進軍莫 斯科並且遭到慘敗，第二年又緊接着在 德國的土地上進行規模空前的萊比錫大 會戰；它的第二卷出版於一八一五年， 這時野心勃勃的拿破侖徹底失敗了，歐 洲出現反動復辟。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200105/PDF/a17_screen.pdf
China
- leaders visit
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-03/22/content_24003327.htm President Xi Jinping called for more efforts to boost mutual respect and deepen political trust between China and Germany, as he met with his German counterpart on Monday. The two countries should work together to support the Belt and Road Initiative and jointly explore the international market, Xi said.He made the remarks while meeting in Beijing with German President Joachim Gauck, who is on his first visit to China. Gauck will also visit Shanghai and Xi'an. The two countries have agreed to boost culture, education, media, youth and sports exchanges.Both leaders attended the opening ceremony of the China-Germany Year of Student and Youth Exchanges.
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160613/PDF/a3_screen.pdf 德國總理默克爾12日開始對中國進行為期三天的正式訪問。據中新網報道，中國國務院總理李克強12日陪同默克爾在頤和園散步。結束散步後，在一處朱門灰瓦的園林建築內小範圍會見並共進晚餐。李克強説，深化中德合作需要發揮創新思路，拓展共同利益，攜手打造更多新動能新亮點。中方願同德方在第四輪政府磋商中深入探討相關領域合作。 據中新社報道，李克強表示，當前中德關係在高水平上持續向前發展。第三輪中德政府磋商制訂的《中德合作行動綱要》得到穩步落實，中方對中德關係與合作的未來充滿信心。中方願同德方在即將舉行的第四輪政府磋商中深入探討“中國製造2025”與德國“工業4.0”對接、第三方市場合作、智能製造、創新創業等領域合作。中方歡迎包括德國在內的各國企業擴大對華投資。
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017-06/02/content_29589161.htm China and Germany signed a basket of deals on Thursday, many on crucial areas like automatic driving and aviation. Premier Li Keqiang and German Chancellor Angela Merkel witnessed the signing ceremony after their meeting on Thursday. Among the 11 deals and cooperation documents signed was a memorandum of understanding between Beijing Automotive Group and Daimler AG on increasing investment and strengthening strategic cooperation in new energy vehicles. Baidu and Bosch signed an agreement for strategic cooperation on autonomous driving technology. The National Reform and Development Commission signed a memorandum of understanding with Airbus on strengthening comprehensive cooperation.
- 中德總理會晤成果一覽http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/06/03/a20-0603.pdf在「非洲提出、非洲同意、非洲主導」原則基礎上，積極探討在非洲開展三方合作。■雙方同意在近期完成「刑事司法協助條約」談判並盡快簽署該條約。■就擴大航權安排、相互承認駕照開啟商談，爭取盡快作出互惠安排。
- 國務院總理李克強昨日上午在人民大會堂同來華進行正式訪問的德國總理默克爾舉行會談。李克強表示，當前中德關係與各領域合作呈現全面、深入發展的良好勢頭，中方對此表示滿意。兩國新一屆政府應共同努力，加強規劃，推動中德關係與各領域互利合作在現有高水平基礎上更上層樓，包括更好發揮雙方多領域機制性對話的積極作用，秉持雙向開放，擴大合作共贏，以數字化和創新合作為引領，加強在人工智能、新能源汽車、車聯網、自動駕駛等新興產業領域合作，打造中德合作的「新引擎」。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/25/a04-0525.pdf
- 到訪德國的中國國務院總理李克強，周一（9日）與德國總理默克爾大談經貿，雙方重申維護以多邊規則為基礎的自由貿易體系，中德簽署二十多項雙邊合作文件，總額價值二百億歐元（約一千八百四十四億港元），當中涵蓋農業、汽車等領域。中德兩國均表示，將加強在數碼化、自動駕駛、人工智能、新能源汽車等新興產業領域合作，亦會加強科研、應對氣候變化等合作，擴大人文交流，加強疫情應對領域的溝通與協調，拓展司法、領事保護等領域合作。會後，雙方共同見證簽署中德合作文件，而寶馬、巴斯夫等多間德國大型企業紛紛宣布擴大在華投資。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180711/00178_001.html
- 中國國家主席習近平6日在北京會見來華訪問的德國總理默克爾。習近平指出，要把中德合作的蛋糕做得更大，雙方應保持開放前瞻意識，在自動駕駛、新能源汽車、智能製造、人工智能、數字化和5G等新興領域加強合作，共同培育和開拓未來市場。中方正在加快開放金融和服務業，歡迎德方投資，同時歡迎德企參與長江經濟帶建設。中德要共同展現責任擔當，維護國際公平正義，捍衛自由貿易和多邊主義，在氣候變化、對非合作等方面加強合作。國家電投網站6日發表新聞稿宣布，當日在中德兩國總理共同見證下，國家電投與德國西門子公司代表在北京人民大會堂共同簽署《綠色氫能發展和綜合利用合作諒解備忘錄》。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190907/PDF/a9_screen.pdf
- 德國總理默克爾剛剛結束其第12次訪華之旅。雙方再次確認中德進一步深化互利合作的共同意願。此訪期間，雙方舉行了中德經濟顧問委員會座談會和中德對話論壇2019年會議，並就6大領域提出了合作建議，雙方在新能源汽車、智能製造、人工智能、數字化和5G等新興領域合作前景廣闊，相信將為兩國企業和民眾帶來更多看得見、摸得着的實惠。此前，工業和信息化部部長苗圩6日在京會見德國經濟和能源部國務秘書努斯鮑姆，以及由歐洲跨國公司高管組成的經濟代表團一行30餘人。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190910/PDF/a9_screen.pdf
- 正在德國訪問的中國國務院副總理劉鶴，與德國副總理兼財長紹爾茨（Olaf Scholz）會晤時表示，目前世界貿易受單邊主義、保護主義等影響下出現問題，應以尊重和平等基礎上磋商解決，中德應共同維護自由貿易規則和多邊體制。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20181128/00178_002.html
- 國務院總理李克強6月11日下 午在人民大會堂同德國總理默克爾舉行視頻會晤。李克強讚賞德 方疫情防控取得的積極成效，表示願同德方深化抗疫經驗交流， 加強疫苗和藥物研發合作。談及中歐關係發展，李克強表示，中 德、中歐加強開放合作符合彼此共同利益，可以實現互利雙贏多 贏。中方願同歐方保持高層交往和機制性對話，爭取早日完成中 歐投資協定談判，推進各領域合作取得積極成果。會晤前，雙方 舉行了合作文件 「雲簽約」 儀式。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200612/PDF/a11_screen.pdf
- 李克强当日于中欧工商峰会上发表演说，中方愿同欧方加快商谈高水准投资协定，尽早启动自贸区可行研究。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170603/PDF/a4_screen.pdf
- http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/ex-bundespraesident-redeauftritt-fuer-65-000-euro-christian-wulff-hat-angeblich-job-in-china-gefunden_id_7796388.htmlEx-Bundespräsident Christian Wulff hat in China eine neue Aufgabe gefunden – als Chef der Nichtregierungsorganisation Global Alliance of SMEs (Gasme).http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171105/00178_011.html
- 德國在野自民黨日前向國會提案，要求政府審查所有與中國雙邊合作發展的領域；又認為中國已不是發展中國家，因此要求提前終止所有向中方提供的貸款。國會周三將討論自民黨的提案，德國前年向中國提供六億二千八百萬歐元（約五十四億港元）發展援助。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191209/00180_008.html
- federal state recruits chinese investors http://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2014-07/08/content_15147307.html
- military
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/23/WS5bce5c5ea310eff303283e20.html The Chinese and German militaries will deepen cooperation, communication and coordination in efforts to jointly safeguard regional and global peace and security, senior military officials said on Monday. General Xu Qiliang, vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission, said in a meeting with German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen on Monday that friendly Sino-German relations go back a long time. Von der Leyen is the first German defense minister to visit China since 2010.
- industry 4.0
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151222/PDF/b3_screen.pdf 德國《商報》（Handelsblatt）援引中投公司首席投資官李克平表示，中投正考慮在德國的各類投資。其中，將重點關注德國政府自2011年起，為解決工人技能、資料傳送標準和資料安全等方面的問題，而發起的“德第四次工業革命”，即“工業4.0”相關的企業興趣尤為濃厚。對於希臘政府資產的出售，他稱中投也正密切關注，但並未對具體計劃作出表述。中投旗下設有三家子公司，分別為中投國際、中投海外和中央匯金。其中，中投公司的境外投資和管理業務分別由中投國際和中投海外承擔；中央匯金則針對國有重點金融企業進行股權投資，以出資額為限代表國家依法對國有重點金融企業出資。 其實，中投年內已通過其海外全資子公司，完成了對德國最大的高速公路服務區特許經營商Tank & Rast的少數股權收購，投資合作伙伴包括安聯集團旗下投資公司Allianz Capital Partners GmbH、Borealis Infrastructure Management Inc.、阿布扎比投資局全資子公司Infinity Investments SA，以及德國慕尼黑再保險公司的資產管理公司MEAG。在歐洲區中投也先後投資法國、比利時和土耳其的公司。其中，以約13億歐元（摺合人民幣約91億元）的投資額，收購位於法國和比利時10家購物中心，成為該基金在歐洲規模最大的投資交易之一。
- china germany smart manufacturing event in foshan hkcd 24oct18 a19
- http://www.dw.com/en/chinese-company-buys-ailing-frankfurt-hahn-airport/a-19310136 German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate announced Monday that it had sold its majority stake in of Frankfurt's Hahn Airport to Shanghai Yigian Trading Company (SYT), in a deal worth somewhere in the "low double-digit million euro range." According to Reuters, SYT counts as one of the leading construction companies in China.
- http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/991682.shtml a bid by an obscure Chinese logistics and construction company for Frankfurt-Hahn Airport in Germany was halted by German regional officials on Thursday due to "doubts over the reliability of the purchaser," Economy Minister Volker Wissing of the airport's current owner, Rhineland-Palatinate state, said in a statement. The state government has postponed the Hahn airport's sale and is now looking at other two potential Chinese bidders - HNA Group and Henan Civil Aviation
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/12/10/b05-1210.pdf 近日，德國企業中心項目在青島西海岸新區中德生態園正式封頂。該項目總投資約 6.7 億元人民幣，是全球最大的德國企業中心，被列入青島市「十個千萬平米工程」，預計 2015年 10月投入使用。該項目建成後，將成為全國綠色建築示範工程和全球最大的德國企業中心，為德國企業進入園區投資合作搭建橋樑。
- 中德智能製造創新論壇12日在瀋陽舉行，同期發佈了中德（瀋陽）裝備製造產業園規劃，“中國製造2025”與“德國工業4.0”將在瀋陽建設合作試驗區，以最簡潔的方式和最快的速度，對接兩大工業發展戰略。據悉，瀋陽裝備製造產業園規劃總面積48平方公里，計劃到2020年，引進一批具有世界影響力的裝備製造企業，努力實現德國及歐盟企業投資項目佔50%以上。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150613/PDF/a18_screen.pdf
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151011/PDF/a5_screen.pdf 中德中小企業合作區近期獲中央批覆落户揭陽，揭陽市長陳東10日透露，該合作區將一步到位對接德國“工業4.0”，包括創立100億元中德中小企業合作基金、德國先進技術引進中心、德國先進裝備國產化中心、O2O德國貿易中心。揭陽還與德國埃斯林根應用技術大學合作，創辦中國第一所雙元制合作中心，這些都將成為廣東產業轉型升級的新型武器。 作為“中國製造2025”與德國“工業4.0”有機結合的重要平台，揭陽在兩年前已與德國最先進的工業園區阿德勒斯霍夫園區共建“中德金屬生態城”，至今已初具規模。“零排放”金屬表面處理中心、中德金屬創新基地、金融服務中心、萬畝森林公園等工程首期基本建成，德國專家服務基地等項目正抓緊施工。18家德資企業已落户，50多家企業正在洽談中。 陳東透露，揭陽在德國柏林、法蘭克福等建立了6大辦事處，開通3條揭陽到德國的國際通程航班，每個月有兩批次以上的中德中小企業代表團互訪。目前正加快推進與德國埃斯林根應用技術大學的合作，創辦中國第一所雙元制（即培訓過程在工廠企業和國家的職業學校進行，又以企業培訓為主）合作中心。他説，這所大學的談判談了三年，目前已經原則上同意雙方的合作，最快今年內可簽約。 至於獲國家工信部新批准的“中德（揭陽）中小企業合作區”，定位於探索對德中小企業合作新模式、新路徑、新舉措，將為促進全國中小企業加快結構調整、實現轉型升級發揮引領和示範作用。
- financial
- m&a
- listing company
- railway
- energy
- lighting products
- sports
- education
- museum- China Europe International Exchange (CEINEX) is a joint venture established by Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), Deutsche Börse Group (DBAG), and China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX). It is the first dedicated trading venue for China- and RMB-related investment products outside of mainland China.In October 2015, CEINEX shareholders signed the joint venture agreement in Beijing, witnessed by German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, as a strategic project between China and Germany. Just one month later, CEINEX was registered on 11 November in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, and launched its market operation on 18 November 2015. https://www.ceinex.com/about-us
- 青島海爾D股昨日正式在德國法蘭克福上 市交易http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181025/PDF/b1_screen.pdf
- allianz
- china
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2016-11/26/content_27490743.htm Allianz SE said its German fund management unit has applied for a license in China to establish an onshore presence, following the example of its larger US-basedPacific Investment Management Co.
- On Nov 25, Allianz announced that it had received regulatory approval for the preparatory establishment of Allianz (China) Insurance Holding Co Ltd. The new Shanghai-based firm will be China's first wholly owned foreign insurance holding company.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201909/27/WS5d8d7baca310cf3e3556dd6d_2.html
- m&a
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2015-10/30/content_15337073.html Two leading business associations from China and Germany have agreed to establish a fund with an initial capital of 1 billion euros (US$1.11 billion) to better serve merger and acquisition activity between the two nations. China Mergers & Acquisitions Association and German Federal M&A Association said they plan to establish an cooperative base in Northeast China, most likely in one of the region's equipment manufacturing industrial parks. Cooperation offices will also be opened in Beijing and Munich, which are expected to provide companies with services including risk evaluation, identifying potential business partners, financing and legal assistance. The new investment cooperation will be aimed at supporting the two countries' key future economic policies: "Made in China 2025", and the German Industry 4.0, Liaoning Daily reported. The fund will focus on supporting M&A deals particularly in the intelligent equipment, consumer products, medical care and financial services sectors.
- http://www.wsj.com/articles/german-withdraws-approval-of-chinese-takeover-of-aixtron-1477297215
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20161031/00180_022.html 即將訪華的德國副總理兼聯邦經濟與能源部長嘉布瑞爾，上周六批評中國策略性收購當地公司以獲得重要科技，但卻對海外公司收購中資企業提出「歧視要求」。他促請歐盟以強硬態度對待中國。
- https://www.ft.com/content/27f8772a-90eb-11e8-bb8f-a6a2f7bca546 Germany’s government is set to block the takeover of a German company by Chinese investors, marking the first time it has used a tough foreign investment law passed last year to veto an M&A deal. The German business magazine Wirtschaftswoche reported that the government was blocking the acquisition of Leifeld Metal Spinning, a machine tool manufacturer based in the north-western town of Ahlen, by a Chinese company. After investigating the deal, ministers had concluded it would “endanger public order and security in Germany”, according to the DPA news agency. Leifeld, which has about 200 employees, specialises in high-strength materials used in aerospace and the nuclear industry. DPA named the Chinese company as Yantai Taihai Corp. The deal had been investigated by the German economics ministry, which has the authority to look at any acquisition by a company based outside the EU that is buying 25 per cent or more of an entity based in Germany.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-12/09/content_22666305.htm
chinese firms may be able to list yuan-denominated shares in Frankfurt next year,allowing industry giants such as SAIC Motor Corp to access European investors.The move would further open China's economy to international markets. The so-called D shares would list on China Europe International Exchange, orCEINEX, a joint venture between Deutsche Boerse AG and two Chinese exchangesthat went live last month, according to the German exchange operator. Theplatform has traded an average of 18.3 million yuan ($2.8 million) a day since itopened on Nov 18. Trading on new exchanges and in new products starts slowly, and someinstruments never catch on with traders. Right now, CEINEX only hosts exchange-traded funds and bonds. The platform plans to add more products next year,including single stocks such as depository receipts and possibly derivatives.
- 比利時電網運營商「Elia」擁有德國電網運營商「50Hertz」六成股權，其餘四成由澳洲投資基金「IFM」所擁有。後者欲出售所佔股權的一半，中國國家電網有意買下。Elia在最後關頭行使優先購買權，令其所佔股權提升至八成。50Hertz是德國跨地區輸電的四大電網運營商之一。由於德國電網運營商不但負責供電的穩定，亦必須將可再生能源平穩併入電網系統，在能源轉型中扮演關鍵角色。因此，德國政府不願中方介入其中，且收購一旦成功，將會是中國首次參與德國的敏感基礎設施。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180326/00178_003.html
- 「智薈中歐2018」第四屆歐洲論壇慕尼黑站17日在德國慕尼黑市舉辦，中德企業共同探討企業數字化轉型之路，聚焦數字經濟時代下的合作與共贏。本次論壇由中歐國際工商學院、德國中國商會、國新國際投資有限公司聯合主辦，來自中德兩國的政商界人士、專家學者以及企業家代表等300多人與會。中國駐慕尼黑總領館經商室參贊裴永貴在致辭中說，論壇有利中德兩國企業界加深在數字化領域的交流與合作，進一步推動兩國經濟數字化轉型，雙方在數字經濟領域的合作將為中德關係再上一層樓注入強大動力。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180719/PDF/a9_screen.pdf
- 阿里巴巴收購位於德國柏林數據處理公司data Artisans。據Tech.eu報道稱，此次交易金額為9,000萬歐（約7.07億元人民幣）。公開資料顯示，data Artisans由開源流處理框架Apache Flink的創始人於2014年建立，公司總部位於德國柏林。早在2008年，該公司就已經作為柏林理工大學一個研究性項目，開始研發技術，這也就是Flink的前身。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/01/09/b03-0109.pdf
- SF Holding Co Ltd and Deutsche Post DHL Group launched a co-branded business SF DHL Supply Chain China in Shanghai on Monday, marking SF Holding's entry into the much larger supply chain market, said its chairman. The aim of the co-branded company is to allow the two companies to reshape the supply chain market landscape of the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Macao.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201903/12/WS5c872633a3106c65c34ee27f.html
- https://www.ft.com/content/21bb3e4a-f133-11e7-ac08-07c3086a2625 Berlin has intervened in the takeover of a small but innovative German aerospace company, using a new law that gives it enhanced powers to block Chinese deals in strategic sectors of the economy. Cotesa, which makes parts for aircraft makers such as Airbus and Boeing, was due to be bought by a subsidiary of the state-run China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group for a price German media reported at between €100m and €200m. But Germany’s economics ministry has now stepped in to put the transaction on hold. A ministry spokesman confirmed it was investigating the deal “to check whether it complies with Germany’s law on foreign trade”.
- 飛行汽車開發商德國城市空中出行公司Volocopter宣佈，完成C輪首輪融資5,000萬歐元(約3.91億元人民幣)，由浙江吉利控股集團領投，戴姆勒股份公司也參與投資，雙方各持股10%。此外，吉利控股與Volocopter還將在內地成立合資公司，致力於將全球領先的城市空中出行解決方案引入中國內地，吉利將負責Volocopter產品在內地的生產和市場推廣。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/09/10/b03-0910.pdf
- railway
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151118/PDF/a12_screen.pdf 大連港 與德國國家鐵路公司16日晚在瑞典簽署打造中 歐班列的戰略合作協議。 根據協議，雙方將利用各自資源優勢，以 大連為中轉點，共同搭建服務平台，聯合打造 連接東亞、東南亞、華東、華南、俄羅斯、歐 洲的國際陸海聯運大通道，並合作開通點對點 中歐班列。 作為中歐班列歐洲段的主承運商，德國國 家鐵路公司一直關注中國中歐班列的發展。通 過對大連歐亞業務往返進行多次測試，德鐵選 擇大連過境班列通道承攬寶馬、韓國現代、日 本本田等至歐洲的業務。今年十月中旬，又選 擇大連作為戴姆勒．奔馳德國至日本業務回程 中轉通道。該線路選定使原定時間提前一個航 次，全程運輸時間縮短三天。 德國國家鐵路公司是歐洲最大的鐵路企業 ，同時也是中鐵聯集的股東之一。2008年3月 ，德鐵與俄鐵聯合成立跨歐亞國際物流有限公 司，總部設在柏林。目前，TEL主要經營從中 國到歐洲，以及莫斯科和柏林之間的班列運輸 ，是渝新歐、漢新歐的歐段承運商。
- future mobility corp
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-19/china-ev-startup-future-mobility-to-build-1-7-billion-factory; http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/motoring/2017-01/20/content_28008333.htm Future Mobility Corp signed a framework memo with the local government of Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone in Jiangsu province on Thursday, and announced an investment plan of 11.6 billion ($1.68 billion) yuan for a plant with 300,000-unit annual production capacity.
- Future Mobility Corp (FMC), an electric car start-up considered one of China’s “Tesla challengers,” said it will unveil its first concept smart car in the second half of this year before starting mass production in 2019.http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2089950/chinese-electric-car-start-future-mobility-edges-closer-taking
- 歐洲最大的長途巴士營運商德國FlixBus周二宣布，四月起相繼在法國和德國試運採用全電動車的長途客運路線。這將會是歐洲範圍內首條同類路線，此次配備的是中國企業宇通和比亞迪的電動巴士。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180315/00180_030.html
- 贛鋒鋰業（1772.HK）公佈，與德國汽車製造商德國大眾（Volkswagen AG）簽訂戰略合作備忘錄，未來10年將向德國大眾及其供應商供應鋰化工產品。此外，雙方建立長期戰略合作關係，在鋰材料供應協議之外，德國大眾還將與公司在電池回收和固態電池等未來議題上進行合作。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/04/08/b05-0408.pdf
- energy
- 21日，大连氢能源研究院、大连金属表面涂层研究院与德国EMT GmbH公司签署战略合作，中德双方未来将在氢能源电极板及表面涂层领域开展合作，共同开发氢燃料电池。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170222/PDF/a10_screen.pdf
- 德国当地时间十九日（周日），潍柴动力（德国）科技创新中心在阿莎芬堡揭牌，该中心将支撑实现潍柴2020、2030战略，引进全球最先进的软硬件设施，吸纳全球高端技术人才，建设成世界前沿的创新中心。 山东省委常委、常务副省长李群与谭旭光董事长共同为创新中心揭牌。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171121/PDF/b1_screen.pdf
- China's major steel supplier HBIS Group Co., Ltd announced Friday that the company will cooperate with Siemens on the R&D and industrial application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Under the newly-signed strategic cooperation agreement, HBIS will join hands with Siemens to explore intelligent manufacturing solutions and build itself into a domestic leader in AM, commonly known as 3D printing. HBIS is the first iron and steel enterprise in the country to develop substantial cooperation with Siemens on AM, said Li Yiren, head of the strategic planning department at HBIS. Based on systematic research and feasibility analysis, Siemens will offer consultation services to HBIS, including strategic direction, market positioning, competitive advantages, and application scenarios of AM.http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-03/08/c_137879044.htm
- China Zhongwang Holdings Ltd said on Wednesday it had acquired a controlling stake in a German aluminium extrusion firm that mainly supplies aircraft manufacturers. Zhongwang, the world’s second-largest aluminium extruder, would hold a 99.72 percent equity interest in Aluminiumwerk Unna AG (ALUnna) via its wholly owned German subsidiary, Zhongwang Aluminium Deutschland GmbH, ALUnna said in a statement. https://www.reuters.com/article/alunna-ma-china-zhongwang/chinas-zhongwang-buys-german-aluminium-extruder-alunna-idUSL4N1LU3NF
- Construction of a production facility for eyeglass lenses and medical consumer goods has officially kicked off, after a grand groundbreaking ceremony took place in the Sino-Singapore Knowledge City in Huangpu district of Guangzhou, Guangdong province on Thursday. The factory is expected to be completed and start production in June 2020, and will be the sixth facility built by German company Carl Zeiss AG in the southern metropolis. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/12/WS5bc035c6a310eff303282094.html
- 中国製药装备企业楚天科技有限公司日前在德国法兰克福签约併购德国诺玛科集团，交易金额达1.5亿欧元（约合1.6亿美元），为中国製药装备行业进入欧美市场打开入口。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170501/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
- boehringer
- printing
- Boehringer opens biopharma site. China Daily (USA) - 2017-05-17
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170801/00178_006.html中德合資的上海密特印製有限公司，十六年來一直負責印製中國公民護照等多種證件。不過據德國媒體報道，持有該公司兩成半股權的德國聯邦印刷公司（Bundesdruckerei）已退出在華業務，並於今年三月將相關股份出售。據指，這與中國新實施有關外國投資的限制規定有關。
- lighting products
- 德国照明设备巨头欧司朗公司发言人日前表示，德国联邦经济部已向中国财团併购欧司朗旗下独立照明品牌朗德万斯颁发“无危害证明”。据德国媒体报道，德国经济部发言人表示，颁发“无危害证明”意味着德国政府在对该併购案的审查过程中未发现可能损害德国公共秩序和安全的线索。去年7月 底，欧司朗公司监事会批准了中国财团併购朗德万斯一案。该併购案交易价格超过4亿欧元，中国财团主要由作为战略投资人的IDG资本、木林森照明公司，以及 作为财务投资人的义乌市国有资本运营中心组成。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170202/PDF/a14_screen.pdf
- 朋友在柏林生活了很多年，她告訴我說 ，曾經的螃蟹都是漁民抓來碾碎了餵魚的。 後來被中國人看到，哇，這麼肥的螃蟹碾碎 餵魚真是可惜啊，便向漁民購買。漁民最開 始就免費送，說你們拿走好了，德國人對於 這種骨頭和肉難以清理着吃的物種完全沒有 興趣。後來需求多了，便開始一歐元兩隻， 然後一歐元一隻，一點五歐元，兩歐元，到 現在二點五歐元一隻。 即便是現在二點五歐元一隻，如此三四 兩又肥又大的野生大閘蟹，當地華人們也覺 得撿了寶一般。要知道，國內養殖大閘蟹， 三兩的也得賣個好幾十元人民幣。於是，好 吃的華人們也有了新的生意：團購大閘蟹。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191116/PDF/b4_screen.pdf
- sports
- http://www.dfb.de/news/detail/germany-and-china-sign-football-agreement-158441/
- education
- 國務院總理李克強與德國總理默克爾昨日上午共同參觀了與德國頗有淵源的安徽合肥學院，宣佈在這裡設立中德教育合作示範基地。兩位總理的到來引起校園「轟動」，師生們揮舞着中德兩國國旗歡迎兩國總理，二人一道與學子們握手交流，隨後觀看了中德合作共建合肥學院30周年的視頻和圖片展。今年是合肥學院開展對德合作30周年。該院由安徽省和德國下薩克森州於1984年共建，30年來與17所德國高校開展交流合作，中方逾1,700名教師、留學生赴德進修；德方逾300名教師、逾600名學生來華交流。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/10/31/a17-1031.pdf
- 由中德兩國學術機構共同 支持創辦的同濟大學 「中德經 濟與管理研究院」 18日宣告成立。這一機 構將致力於為中德兩國經濟技術合作和 「 一帶一路」 建設提供科學理論支撐，為解 決兩國企業在跨國經營中面臨的重大問題 提供決策支持和整體解決方案，為推動中 德全方位戰略合作夥伴關係輸送大量拔尖 經濟管理人才。 http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191019/PDF/a15_screen.pdf
- 文化部外聯局局長謝金英昨日在北京舉行的發佈會上表示，中德雙方今年將在建交45周年之際，分別舉辦系列文化活動。中國在德舉辦的文化活動主題為「今日中國--合作．友誼．共贏」，涵蓋80餘項兩國合作文化項目，包括音樂、戲劇、舞蹈、創意設計、文學、電影等多個藝術門類。其中，故宮博物院的77件明清肖像畫及12套與畫像相關的織繡文物將赴德國柏林國家博物館展出，這是故宮首次在歐洲舉辦大規模中國肖像畫展。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/02/16/a15-0216.pdf
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2017-03/28/content_28707584.htmThe National Art Museum of China displays pieces donated by a German collector couple in 1996, Lin Qi reports.The exhibition also coincides with the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Germany this year.
- berlin philharmonica tour to china china daily 6nov17
- Li yundi german orchestra staatskapelle performance in china 16nov17
- china festival
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170828/00178_020.html為慶祝德國科隆市和北京締結姊妹城市三十周年，科隆舉辦了中國節活動，期間有人權組織舉行抗議活動，期望藉此向科隆市民講述中國的人權狀況。
- investors from china
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-06/04/content_20905135.htm Shanghai International Port Group Co Ltd is seeking a stake in the Port of Hamburg, the world's largest free port, German newspaper Hamburger Abendblatt reported on Wednesday. The report said SIPG had also expressed interest in the Port of Bremen, another of Europe's largest ports. SIPG Chairman Chen Xuyuan said that close cooperation between his company and either of the European ports would be lucrative and all parties involved would benefit. Chen made the comment during a port conference in Hamburg. SIPG, which is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, owns the largest port in the Chinese mainland. Its clients include many companies in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. According to SIPG's official website, as well as press releases and disclosures to investors in May, the group has expanded into overseas markets. It won a 25-year franchise in Haifa, Israel, and joined the construction of Zeebrugge in western Belgium, the country's second-largest port after Antwerp.
- http://m.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2016-06/15/content_25715514.htm China Three Gorges Corp, the world's biggest hydropower builder, is furtherdiversifying its business into the offshore wind market by buying the Meerwind, amajor German offshore wind farm, from US buyout and investment firm BlackstoneGroup LP. The Beijing-based hydropower company inked a deal on Monday to buyBlackstone's majority stake in WindMW, a German offshore wind farm operator,according to a CTG statement. The German group owns the 288-megawatt Meerwind project in the North Sea.Located about 53 kilometers from shore, it is one of Germany's biggest offshorewind farms. CTG, builder and operator of the world's largest hydropower project Three GorgesDam, said the acquisition not only enables it to gain assets but also WindMW'sskilled staff, who have developed and managed the construction and operation ofthe wind power project.
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-shanghaielectric-baw-m-a-idUSKCN10Q02K
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2016-10/18/content_27092132.htm A German battery maker that allows people to store and pool electricity said it had secured 76 million euros ($85 million) from venture capital investors, including Chinese wind turbine and energy management group Envision Energy Ltd.
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20161023/00202_005.html 外電引述消息指，中國主權財富基金中國投資有限公司（CIC），擬斥資逾11億歐元（約93億港元），收購德國房地產集團BGP，以進軍當地的住宅市場。中投公司未有回應有關報道。
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-10/24/content_27151130.htm Chiho-Tiande Group Ltd, a top recycler, is taking over one of the biggest and oldest names in Europe's scrap business Scholz Holding
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-02/23/content_23602840.htm Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co Ltd, a major diesel engine manufacturer based in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, has entered a 50-50 joint venture with MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH, a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Power Systems, for the production of MTU diesel engines in China. The companies will invest 75 million yuan ($11.5 million) each in the project. Production is expected to start in 2017 with an annual output of 1,500 MTU Series 400 diesel engines. The engines are compliant with China Tier 3 emission standards with power outputs ranging from 1,400 to 3,490 kW and are primarily aimed at the Chinese off-highway market, said Ulrich Dohle, president of MTU. They will be particularly suited to applications in power generation as well as the oil and gas industry, he said. Yuchai Machinery is the largest independent diesel engine builder in China. The joint venture will open up new growth opportunities for the two companies in China and elsewhere in Asia.
- oliver radtke hket 18jan17 a16
- 德國國會當地時間周一就與台灣建交請願案舉行聽證會，該國外交部官員會上重申「一中政策」，不允許柏林與台北建立正式外交關係，但德國與台灣有共同價值，雙方的非官方往來十分豐富且全面，德國也將台灣視為在經貿、科技等領域上的重要夥伴。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191211/00178_002.html
Hong Kong
- cg in hk
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20161009/00176_091.html 其實德國領事館玩嘢早有前科，上月特首梁振英哽咽咁話政府覓地建屋係「粒粒皆辛苦」，德國領事館就喺社交網站公然教人「辛苦」嘅德文，背景圖片更暗喻「粒粒皆辛苦」，可謂「抽水」力強。究竟德國領事館點解要邀請陳浩天出席酒會？事件會否有下文？
- parliament
- association
- e-channel- 葉早幾日就同訪港嘅德國國會議員Jens Lehmann會面，西裝骨骨嘅Jens Lehmann曾經係一名單車選手http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20181028/00176_074.html
- association
- german speaking ladies group www.gslg.de
- pilot scheme to be implemented in September 14 http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201408/0828/HZ17828CLAA.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/3030726/german-eye-clinic-group-euroeyes-sets-sights-us90-million Germany-based EuroEyes International Eye Clinic announced on Friday that it would seek to list its shares in Hong Kong for up to HK$700 million (US$89 million), the latest in a series of initial public offerings (IPOs) returning to the city as the financial hub endures its worst political crisis.
- 環球房產投資及移民公司「海外買家」行政總裁梁鈞浩表示，港人可透過買樓投資移民德國，但要買指定地產項目，計及物業價格、律師費和雜費，最平只需約29萬歐元（約255萬港元），且物業可用作自住或出租。投資移民較花時間這計劃對主申請人有一定要求，包括60歲以下、有學士學位、在德國不可工作，並要至少每半年入境德國一次，每次最少七日。當在德國住滿三年，並達到指定德文程度，則可申請永居。副申請人要居留五年後、兼通過德文考試才可拿到永居。當取得永居後，在德國八年內住滿五年，才可申請護照。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20200617/00269_002.html
- scmp 17jul15
- 香港特區政府境況，企圖循慣例向德國的軍火舊主顧Heckler and Koch購買衝鋒槍，遭到拒絕。原來這家企業，已經接到國家指引，不得再向貪污腐敗、專制獨裁、殘殺人民的國家政權出售軍火。當時點名沙地阿拉伯、墨西哥、巴西，甚至政權正在變色的土耳其，但沒有提及中國香港。如果我是香港特區政府警方首領或保安局局長，看見人家德國風向變了，若要增添衝鋒槍，絕對不會自討沒趣，還向德國買。因為在世界上，香港早已逐漸以「中國香港」（Hong Kong, China）泛稱。德國的最新軍火武器會不會賣給中國呢？如果不會，為什麼要賣給中國香港？https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/陶傑/daily/article/20171118/20217664
- 為了解不同地區的教育發展，立法會教育事務委員會訪問團日前往德國，參觀德國黑森州一所職業訓練學院、法蘭克福工業園及私營職業培訓機構，並與上述機構的負責人見面，以了解當地的職業教育。立法會教育事務委員會組成的7人訪問團，成員包括葉建源、蔣麗芸、葛珮帆、張超雄、譚耀宗、張國柱和梁耀忠，一行人抵埗後隨即參觀位於黑森州的高級科技訓練學院，該學院為職業學校的教師、不同領域的專業及行政人員開辦培訓課程。訪問團成員與該學院院長Martin Gonnermann會面，了解有關德國職業訓練制度及職業學校架構。訪問團下午參觀位於法蘭克福的工業園，它是歐洲化工及藥業其中一個規模最大的研發及生產地點。據悉，工業園營運商同時為近2.2萬名受僱於90多間公司的僱員提供職業訓練及持續進修課程。私營職業培訓機構Provadis的高層管理人員分享了當地推行職業訓練雙軌制度的情況，導師及學員亦就他們的教與學經驗，與訪問團交換意見。訪問團將繼續在德國及瑞士訪問。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/09/23/a21-0923.pdf
- ihk one of the supporting organisations in 2016 edition
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160331/PDF/b19_screen.pdf early hk
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20181022/00269_002.html阿Sir教德文 課室一變四
- 德女賣豪宅創美容預約Apphttp://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20181029/00269_002.html
- 港女德國謀生盡顯「真功夫」http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180326/00269_003.html
- 一對來自香港的兄弟涉嫌在收銀機安裝作弊軟件，協助德國數千間餐館逃稅達五億歐元（約四十四億六千萬港元），當中大部分是中餐館。兩人去年七月被捕，案件將於本月在下薩克森州開審。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190321/00180_023.html
- hket 23sep19 c6 hk family emigrated to germany in 1991
Country promotion website
- http://www.young-germany.de/
- http://www.land-der-ideen.de/
- https://www.deutschland.de/en / de magazin
No comments:
Post a Comment