Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a monotypic taxon (having only a single species). The tamarind tree produces pod-like fruit that contains an edible pulp used in cuisines around the world. Other uses of the pulp include traditional medicine and metal polish. The wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Its leaves are used in Indian cuisine, especially in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.The name derives from Arabic: تمر هندي, romanized tamar hindi, "Indian date". Several early medieval herbalists and physicians wrote tamar indi, medieval Latin use was tamarindus, and Marco Polo wrote of tamarandi. In Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Italy, Spain, and throughout the Lusosphere, it is called tamarindo. In those countries it is often used to make the beverage of the same name. In Timor-Leste it is also called sukaer. In the Caribbean, tamarind is sometimes called tamón. In the Philippines, it is called sampalok or sampaloc [8]. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is sometimes confused with "Manila tamarind" (Pithecellobium dulce). While in the same taxonomic family Fabaceae, Manila tamarind is a different plant native to Mexico and known locally as guamúchili.
Cola nitida is a species of plant belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is a tree native to the rainforests of tropical West Africa. Common names include kola nut, cola, kola and bitter kola. The seeds contain caffeine and are chewed as a stimulant and used in the manufacture of soft drinks. The nuts and other parts of the tree have many uses of a ceremonial nature and in traditional medicine. The timber has multiple uses.The nuts contain caffeine, theobromine and tannin. Along with the closely related Cola acuminata, which is also native to West Africa, the trees are cultivated commercially in tropical regions of the world and the nuts used in the manufacture of "cola" drinks.[2] Other ingredients of these drinks include spice oils, other aromatic compounds (sometimes including the leaves of the tree), caramel for colouring, sweeteners, phosphoric or citric acid, and carbon dioxide to provide effervescence. The nut has traditionally been used as a stimulant when chewed. It is reported to lessen fatigue, prevent hunger pangs, increase mental activity and reduce the need for sleep. Parts of the plant are also used in rituals such as weddings, child naming ceremonies, induction of village chiefs, funerals and sacrificial ceremonies. The leaves, twigs, bark, flowers and nuts are also used in traditional medicine. Cola nitida is closely related to Theobroma cacao, the cocoa tree, and the nuts have been used as a main ingredient for chocolate with a high melting point. The nut is used in dyeing and water purification. The timber has a use in building work, boat construction, furniture and joinery, musical instruments, utensils and carving. It is also useful as firewood. The pods have been used to make fertiliser and soap, and they can be used as a substitute for up to 60% of the maize in poultry feed.
- [welcome to my strange city - ganvie episode] used by locals in religious ceremonies and 占卜
天竺葵（Pelargonium hortorum ），别名洋绣球、石腊红、入腊红、日烂红、洋葵，属牻牛儿苗科，包括约230种多年生肉质、亚灌木或灌木植物。天竺葵原产非洲南部，世界各地普遍栽培。天竺葵幼株为肉质草本，老株半木质化；在西方是很好的装饰窗台的花卉，在欧洲大陆，如德奥等国，尤为常见。在1600年之前被一艘停靠过好望角的船只带回荷兰莱顿的植物园。1631年，英国园艺家John Tradescant从巴黎的Rene Morin购买种子并引进这种植物到英格兰。气味甜而略重，有点像玫瑰，又稍稍像薄荷。历史临床记录：曾被用来治疗霍乱和骨骼受伤，亦有驱魔的效果。功效：止血，收缩血管，气喘，肝排毒，胆结石，肾排毒，肾结石，利尿，肌肉酸痛，油性皮肤，老化皮肤活化，疱疹，皮肤苍白，减肥，促进结疤，湿疹，灼伤晒伤，癣，月经不顺，乳房充血发炎，减轻忧郁不安，驱赶恶魔，补身，除臭，抗菌，杀菌，戒烟﹝酒﹞。Pelargonium × hortorum, (also called zonal geranium, garden geranium), is a nothospecies of Pelargonium most commonly used as an ornamental plant. It is a hybrid between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans. They are the group of Pelargonium cultivars, with leaves marked with a brown annular zone and inflorescence in the form of large balls of tight flowers, usually red, pink or white. These are the most common geraniums of garden centers and florists, sold in pots for windowsills and balconies or planted in flowerbeds.The specific epithet hortorum is a genitive form of the Latin hortus "garden" and therefore corresponds to "horticultural". The name was created by the American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey who in 1914, writes "The large number of forms of the common geranium, derives from the variation and probably the crossing of P. zonale and P. inquinans (and possibly others) during more than a century of careful selections". It is important to distinguish the botanical Latin term "Geranium", the extent of which has varied according to botanical knowledge over the centuries and the vernacular name of the French language "geranium" whose extension is defined by several centuries of use by amateur and professional gardeners. Furthermore, most plants commonly called "geraniums" by florists and gardeners do not belong to the genus Geranium (as currently delimited by botanists) but to the genus Pelargonium.The first ancestor of the zonal group, now known as Pelargonium zonal, was collected in the province of Western Cape in 1689 and was sent to Europe and described by the Dutch botanist 9 Jan Commelijn (1629–1692). Traces of its cultivation are then found in the gardens of the Duchess of Beaufort in England, an aristocrat passionate about exotic flowers that employed many gardeners to grow seeds brought back by sailors from abroad. In 1699 she produced a catalog of her collection of plants which she had the following year illustrated by artists. Among the paintings are what is now called Pelargonium zonal whose precise identification was made by the botanist John Ray.
- hkej 22may19
Hyphaene petersiana, the real fan palm or makalani palm, is a palm tree native to the subtropical, low-lying regions of south central Africa.It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, the DRC, Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and the northern and north-eastern Limpopo.[2] Its habitat is open woodland, flood plains, banks of rivers and the fringes of pans and swamps.The plants are utilized by humans and animals. Repeated cutting of the growth point to obtain sap for palm wine production may eventually destroy the trees.[3] The stem pith is edible. Beneath the outer fibrous husk of the fruit is a core of white endosperm known as vegetable ivory, initially soft and edible and containing some liquid comparable to coconut milk.[5] The Ovambo people call the fruit of the Makalani palm eendunga and use it to distill ombike, their traditional liquor.[6] African palm swifts[4] and rufous-tailed palm-thrushesregionally depend on this species for breeding.
The Lala palm (Hyphaene coriacea) is a species palm tree native to the eastern Afrotropics.[1] It occurs in eastern Africa from Somalia to Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, and is also found in the coastal flats of Madagascar and on Juan de Nova Island in the Mozambique Channel Islands.
- also found in okavango, botswana (www.discoverbotswanathebook.biz)
Xanthocercis zambesiaca (Mashatu tree[citation needed] or Nyala tree) is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It is found in Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Nyala trees grow along rivers or termite mounds where they have access to lots of moisture and fertile soil. They are prolific in the Tuli Block of Botswana along the Limpopo and Shashe rivers where they are known as Mashatu trees. The nyala tree is a phreatophyte - it indicates the presence of ground water. The wood of a nyala tree can be worked, finishing with a smooth appearance, but irritates the nose and throat in the process.
****** 火焰樹又名火焰木、苞萼木 Spathodea is a monotypic genus in the flowering plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, Spathodea campanulata, is commonly known as the African tulip tree,[1] fountain tree, pichkari or Nandi flame. The tree grows between 7–25 m (23–82 ft) tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It has been nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders.This tree is planted extensively as an ornamental tree throughout the tropics and is much appreciated for its very showy reddish-orange or crimson (rarely yellow), campanulate flowers. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek words σπαθη (spathe) and οιδα (oida),[3] referring to the spathe-like calyx. It was identified by Europeans in 1787 on the Gold Coast of Africa.
- 目前火焰樹已經入侵夏威夷、斐濟、關島、萬那度、庫克群島和薩摩亞，並且是許多其他熱帶地區的的潛在入侵種，被列為世界百大外來入侵種。It has become an invasive species in many tropical areas such as Hawaii, Queensland (Australia), Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and the wet and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka.S. campanulata is a declared class 3 pest species in Queensland, Australia, under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002.
- Le tulipier du Gabon (Spathodea campanulata) in french. L'épithète spécifique, campanulata, est un terme latin qui signifie « en forme de petite cloche (campanulée) »
- Spathodea campanulata, conocida como tulipanero africano, árbol de la fontana, llama-del-bosque, llama Nandi, amapola (República Dominicana), o meaíto (Puerto Rico) y también caoba de Santo Domingo y gallito en Venezuela (1). En francés se denomina Tulipier du Gabon (tulipanero del Gabón). En México también se le conoce como galeana, o simplemente como (árbol) tulipán. En Guatemala es ampliamente reconocido como llama del bosque.
- 澳洲多地近日有數百隻鸚鵡在短時間內離奇死亡，牠們死前像發瘋一樣互啄及撕咬，其後出現呼吸不順及爪子蜷曲，再掉下地上死亡，或被螞蟻及其他動物活生生吞噬。有專家指，鸚鵡可能在嬉鬧、撕咬時染上洛里基特麻痹症候群，最終因肺部堵塞而窒息死亡。該病毒與新冠病毒相似，可能源自非洲鬱金香樹。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200505/00180_029.html- hk
- victoria park (near tin hau)
Colophospermum mopane, commonly called mopane, mopani, balsam tree, butterfly tree, or turpentine tree, is native to Southern Africa, including Southern Angola, Zambia, Southern Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Northern South Africa. It grows in alkaline (high lime content) soils which are shallow and not well drained.
- Mopane wood is one of southern Africa's heaviest and is difficult to work because of its hardness.[4] However, this also makes it termite resistant. For this reason it has long been used for building houses and fences, as railway sleepers and as pit props. The termite-resistance and rich, reddish colouring also make it popular for flooring. Outside Africa, mopane is gaining popularity as a heavy, decorative wood, its uses including aquarium ornaments, bases for lamps or sculptures, and garden accents.It is also increasingly being used in the construction of musical instruments, particularly woodwind. Suitable quality African blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon), traditionally used for clarinets, is becoming harder to find. Mopane is fairly oily, seasons very well with few splits or shakes, and produces instruments of a warm, rich tone.Mopane twigs have been traditionally used as tooth brushes, bark to make twine and for tanning, and leaves for healing wounds. The wood is also used to make charcoal and for braai wood.
- Colophospermum is Latinised Greek for "oily seed", in reference to the resinous seed (i.e. spermum) which has a turpentine smell. Colophon was the birthplace of Homer in Ionia, and was famous for its rosin, a substance obtained from turpentine or the gummy exudate of some trees.[10] The species name mopane is taken from the local name for the tree.
- balsam tree mentioned in coffeeland (el salvador)
Dombeya wallichii 非洲芙蓉 ，在香港稱為吊芙蓉，在其他華語地區也有百鈴花之稱，英文俗名有Pinkball（粉紅球）、Scarlet Dombeya（緋紅的非洲芙蓉）或Tropical Hydrangea（熱帶繡球花）等名。原生於東非及馬達加斯加等地.
- http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/12/03/CF2012030007.htm
Aloidendron dichotomum, formerly Aloe dichotoma, the quiver tree or kokerboom, is a tall, branching species of succulent plant, indigenous to Southern Africa, specifically in the Northern Cape region of South Africa, and parts of Southern Namibia.Known as choje to the indigenous San people, the quiver tree gets its English common name from the San people practice of hollowing out the tubular branches of Aloidendron dichotomum to form quivers for their arrows. The specific epithet "dichotomum" refers to how the stems repeatedly branch into two ("dichotomous" branching) as the plant grows.二歧蘆薈，在尼湖德维（Nieuwoudtville）至洛來斯芳坦（Loeriesfontein）的路上就有一片二歧蘆薈的森林。當地原住的布希曼人會將二歧蘆薈的樹幹挖空，製成箭筒，故又名箭筒蘆薈或箭袋树。
Harpagophytum (/ˌhɑːrpəˈɡɒfɪtəm/ HAR-pə-GOF-it-əm), also called grapple plant, wood spider, and most commonly devil's claw, is a genus of plants in the sesame family, native to southern Africa. Plants of the genus owe their common name "devil's claw" to the peculiar appearance of their hooked fruit. Several species of North American plants in the genus Proboscidea and certain species of Pisonia, however, are also known by this name. Devil's claw's tuberous roots are used in folk medicine to reduce pain.
馬魯拉，又名非洲漆樹Sclerocarya birrea (Ancient Greek σκληρός, sklērós, "hard", and κάρυον, káryon, "nut", in reference to the stone inside the fleshy fruit), commonly known as the marula, is a medium-sized deciduous tree, indigenous to the miombo woodlands of Southern Africa, the Sudano-Sahelian range of West Africa, and Madagascar.The fruit is traditionally used for food in Africa, and has considerable socioeconomic importance.[6] The fruit juice and pulp are mixed with water and stored in a container over 1-3 days of fermentation to make marula beer, a traditional alcoholic beverage.[7] The alcoholic distilled beverage (maroela-mampoer) made from the fruit is referenced in the stories of the South African writer Herman Charles Bosman.[citation needed] Marula oil is used topically to moisturise the skin, and as an edible oil in the diet of San people in Southern Africa.
east africa
- 小蒼蘭屬，又名香雪蘭屬 日本では別名として菖蒲と水仙双方に似ていることから「菖蒲水仙 Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1886) and named after the German botanist and medical practitioner, Friedrich Freese (1795-1876). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia.
- 東京都八丈島では毎年3月の春分の日から4月上旬まで「フリージアまつり」が開催されている。八丈島を訪れた観光客に対して、花の摘み取りや八丈島の郷土料理のサービスを行っている。
- 林鄭曾在一次小範圍聚會中說，自己最喜歡的花是小蒼蘭（Freesia），又名香雪蘭。早春時節開花，有黃、白、紫、紅、粉諸色，葉呈線形，花不艷麗，但穗狀花序堅韌。這就像她自己，初看不起眼，深入了解後還是很不錯的。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/02/18/a26-0218.pdf
- Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer. It was formerly included in the genus Vinca as Vinca rosea.The species has long been cultivated for herbal medicine and as an ornamental plant. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit(confirmed 2017).[19] In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) the extracts of its roots and shoots, though poisonous, are used against several diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine, extracts from it have been used against numerous diseases, including diabetes, malaria, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.長春花，別名日日春、日日草、日日新、三万花（广西、广东）、四時春、時鐘花、雁来红（广东）、五瓣梅、王瓣梅、五合梅（潮汕），是夾竹桃科長春花屬植物。除觀賞用途外，全草入藥可止痛、消炎、安眠、通便及利尿等。亦有配伍入治療癌症的複方，作為藥材中的一味，可能是考量到它所具有的抗腫瘤成分。其乳汁中所含生物碱，如长春碱和長春新鹼，被提煉出來作為多種癌症如白血病、淋巴瘤所用的化學治療藥物。純化的長春新鹼中文商品名為“維克思丁”。全株具有毒性。誤食後，會造成白血球減少、血小板減少、肌肉無力、四肢麻痹等症狀。需斟酌注意。雖有毒性,但是觸摸花朵並不會中毒。
namibia
- 百歲蘭又稱為百歲葉、千歲蘭、奇想天外、二葉樹Welwitschia is a monotypic gymnosperm genus, comprising solely the distinctive Welwitschia mirabilis, endemic to the Namib desert within Namibia and Angola. The plant is commonly known simply as welwitschia in English, but the name tree tumbo is also used. It is called kharos or khurub in Nama, tweeblaarkanniedood in Afrikaans, nyanka in Damara, and onyanga in Herero. The plant figures as a charge in the national coat of arms of Namibia.
- Entandrophragma cylindricum is a tree of the genus Entandrophragma of the family Meliaceae. It is commonly known as sapele or sapelli (/səˈpiːliː/ sə-PEE-lee) or sapele mahogany,[2] as well as aboudikro, assi, and muyovu.The name sapele comes from that of the city of Sapele in Nigeria, where there is a preponderance of the tree. African Timber and Plywood (AT&P), a division of the United Africa Company, had a factory at this location where the wood, along with Triplochiton scleroxylon, Obeche, mahogany, and Khaya was processed into timber which was then exported from the Port of Sapele worldwide.The name of the city itself is said to be an anglicization of the Urhobo word Uriapele, commemorating a local deity. It is believed the British colonial authorities changed the name of the then hamlet to Sapele as it was easier to pronounce.It is used in the manufacture of furniture, joinery, veneers, luxury flooring, and boat building.Among its more exotic uses is in musical instruments. It is used for the back and sides of acoustic guitar bodies, as well as the bodies of electric guitars. It is also used in manufacturing the neck piece of ukuleles and 26- and 36-string harps. In the late 1990s, it started to be used as a board for Basque percussion instruments txalaparta.
Zimbabwe
- 英國皇家植物園前日公布2020年命名的新品種植物和真菌，津巴布韋的傳統草藥Marsdenia chirindensis等也名列當中。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20201219/00180_028.html
- 國王海神花又稱帝王花Protea cynaroides, the king protea, is a flowering plant. It is a distinctive member of Protea, having the largest flower head in the genus. The species is also known as giant protea, honeypot or king sugar bush. It is widely distributed in the southwestern and southern parts of South Africa in the fynbos region.The king protea is the national flower[1] of South Africa.
- Protea /ˈproʊtiːə/[1] is both the botanical name and the English common name of a genus of South African flowering plants, sometimes also called sugarbushes (Afrikaans: suikerbos) or Fynbos. In local tradition, the Protea flower represents change and hope. 海神花屬是山龍眼科的一個屬，大約有115個種，原產於非洲熱帶地區，包括南非、肯亞、坦桑尼亞、烏干達、津巴布韋及埃塞俄比亚等地。屬名Protea是以希臘神話中海神普羅透斯（Proteus）的名字命名的，海神普羅透斯具有可以隨意變換外形的神力，用來形容海神花屬植物多變的外觀。也有人根據屬名Protea的發音，將屬名翻譯為普洛提亞。
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