- note the anthropomorphic bird-snake deity, probably Quetzalcoatl at the Temple of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli at Tula, Hidalgo, Toltec warriors represented by the famous Atlantean figures in Tula, Stucco relief at Tula, Hidalgo depicting Coyotes, Jaguars and Eagles feasting on human hearts.
people
- Moctezuma II (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), variant spellings include Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma, Motēuczōmah, and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (Moctezuma the Young, was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520. The first contact between indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men fought to escape from the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. During his reign the Aztec Empire reached its greatest size. Through warfare, Moctezuma expanded the territory as far south as Xoconosco in Chiapas and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and incorporated the Zapotec and Yopi people into the empire.[1] He changed the previous meritocratic system of social hierarchy and widened the divide between pipiltin (nobles) and macehualtin (commoners) by prohibiting commoners from working in the royal palaces. The portrayal of Moctezuma in history has mostly been colored by his role as ruler of a defeated nation, and many sources describe him as weak-willed and indecisive. Moctezuma had many wives and concubines but only two women were his Queens – Tlapalizquixochtzin and Teotlalco. He was also a King Consort of Ecatepec because Tlapalizquixochtzin was Queen of that city. His many children included Princess Isabel Moctezuma — and sons Chimalpopoca (not to be confused with the previous huey tlatoani) and Tlaltecatzin.
- manuscript hunter - guatimozin/quahtemtzin was the youngest son of ahuitzotl, cousin of montezuma ii
- Bernardino de Sahagún (Spanish: [bernarˈðino ðe saaˈɣun]; c. 1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529. He learned Nahuatl and spent more than 50 years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and history. Though he was primarily devoted to his missionarytask, his extraordinary work documenting indigenous worldview and culture has earned him the title as “the first anthropologist." He also contributed to the description of the Aztec language Nahuatl. He translated the Psalms, the Gospels, and a catechism into Nahuatl.
- [mark o'connell illustrated dictionary of signs and symbols] aztec codex of days shows 20 names for days from the farmer's calendar. The symbols were combined with a number from one to 13 to give the date, such as the three vulture
numbers
- [mark o'connell illustrated dictionary of signs and symbols] the maya number system used 3 signs, a dot for 1, a bar for 5 and the shell for 0. Other numbers were made by combinations of these signs.
floating garden
- 奇南帕Chinampa (Nahuatl languages: chināmitl [tʃiˈnaːmitɬ]) is a technique used in Mesoamerican agriculture which relied on small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. They are built up on wetlands of a lake or freshwater swamp for agricultural purposes, and their proportions ensure optimal moisture retention.Although different technology existed during the Post-classic and Colonial periods in the basin, chinampas have raised many questions on agricultural production and political development. After the Aztec Triple Alliance formed, the conquest of southern basin city-states, such as Xochimilco, was one of the first strategies of imperial expansion. Before this time, farmers maintained small-scale chinampas adjacent to their households and communities in the freshwater lakes of Xochimilco and Chalco. Chinampas were invented by the Aztec civilization. Sometimes referred to as "floating gardens," chinampas are artificial islands that were created by interweaving reeds with stakes beneath the lake's surface, creating underwater fences.[2] A buildup of soil and aquatic vegetation would be piled into these "fences" until the top layer of soil was visible on the water's surface.[2] These agricultural lands received this nickname due to the illusion they caused. The bodies of land appeared to be "floating" on the water because the canals surrounded the chinampa plots.When creating chinampas, in addition to building up masses of land, a drainage system was developed.
https://www.quora.com/How-were-the-Aztecs-able-to-make-floating-gardens
food culture
- [horrible histories] aztecs eat a breed of small dog, howler monkey
language
- Nahuatl (English: /ˈnɑːwɑːtəl/; Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈnaːwatɬ] ), known historically as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated 1.5 million Nahua peoples, most of whom live in central Mexico. Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE. It was the language of the Aztecs, who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican history. During the centuries preceding the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico, and their influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of Tenochtitlan to become a prestige language in Mesoamerica. At the conquest, with the introduction of the Latin alphabet, Nahuatl also became a literary language, and many chronicles, grammars, works of poetry, administrative documents and codices were written in it during the 16th and 17th centuries.
- In Aztec mythology and religion, Xipe Totec (/ˈʃiːpə
myth
food culture
- [horrible histories] aztecs eat a breed of small dog, howler monkey
language
- Nahuatl (English: /ˈnɑːwɑːtəl/; Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈnaːwatɬ] ), known historically as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated 1.5 million Nahua peoples, most of whom live in central Mexico. Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE. It was the language of the Aztecs, who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican history. During the centuries preceding the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico, and their influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of Tenochtitlan to become a prestige language in Mesoamerica. At the conquest, with the introduction of the Latin alphabet, Nahuatl also became a literary language, and many chronicles, grammars, works of poetry, administrative documents and codices were written in it during the 16th and 17th centuries.
- English words of Nahuatl origin include "avocado", "chayote", "chili", "chocolate", "atlatl", "coyote", "peyote", "axolotl" and "tomato".
- many of the words we use every day are not even known in other Spanish speaking countries because they come directly from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the Aztecs. Elote (from elotl) is one of these words. https://www.quora.com/Do-Spaniards-use-the-word-%E2%80%9Celote%E2%80%9D-for-corn-or-is-that-just-Mexican
- tlamama were indian porters who carried loads on their backs (whether people or goods)
- teocalli is an ancient mexican or central american place of worship, usually consisting of a truncated pyramid surmounted by a temple
- In Aztec mythology and religion, Xipe Totec (/ˈʃiːpə
Xipe Totec connected agricultural renewal with warfare.Xipe Totec was widely worshipped in central Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest,[6] and was known throughout most of Mesoamerica.[16] Representations of the god have been found as far away as Mayapan in the Yucatán Peninsula.[17] The worship of Xipe Totec was common along the Gulf Coast during the Early Postclassic. The deity probably became an important Aztec god as a result of the Aztec conquest of the Gulf Coast in the middle of the fifteenth century.
- 墨西哥古文明相傳有位掌管農業、季節輪替、戰爭的「剝皮之主」（XipeTotec），以往已有與其相關的繪畫出土，但近日考古學家首次在普埃布拉發現有千年歷史的剝皮之主神廟。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190104/00180_035.html
myth
- huitzilopochtli
- [talking maps] huitzilopochtli, god of warfare and sacrifice, ordered the aztecs to call themselves "mexica" and build a city where they saw a snake perched on a cactus (modern mexico's national symbol).
- manuscript hunter - ceremonial sacrifice at santo domingo cave which had human remains with obsidian arrowheads and shards of ancient pottery; goddess was identified with sister of last king of tehuantepec; network of caves lead to secret passageways going to other important caves, which in the past were burial grounds for royal family of petepa
history
- [manuscript hunter] during the 11th c the guatemalan tribes known as the k'iche, kaqchikel, tz'utujil, and tzotzil invaded the region. They most likely came from the lands closest to mexico, if not from mexico itself. This was time of the collapse of the toltec empire, due to internecine strife and a wave of invasions from northern barbarians. When the spaniards arrived, the indigenous invaders were subjugated in turn or in some cases driven into the mountains of lacandon and vera paz. The latter was the fate of the mam or poqomam peoples, who today speak a language that is almost identical to the one spoken by the people of yucatan.
- maps
- [t r berg] map of city of tenochtitlan only provides details of the rukers of each district, reflecting the hierarchy of a strictly class-based society.
- [talking maps] aztec map of tenochtitlan 1542 codex mendoza - lake and canals are reduced to the precise geometry of four main zones (note by me - a cross like that in flag of scotland do the division) encircled by water, presided over by the city's founding fathers, including the mexica ruler tenoch (centre left) who gave the city its name. The hieroglyphs running around the map's border each represent a year, beginning with the city's foundation, dated 1325. At the bottom are scenes representing key mexica victories over rival cities, and across the map the depictions of weaponry and sacrifice show that, while this may be an ideal visualisation of a sacred city, it was also a place built on a violent culture of warfare and death.
any relation?
- Yellow Submarine (also known as The Beatles: Yellow Submarine) is a 1968 British animated musical fantasy film inspired by the music of the Beatles, directed by animation producer George Dunning, and produced by United Artists and King Features Syndicate. Initial press reports stated that the Beatles themselves would provide their own character voices;[4] however, aside from composing and performing the songs, the real Beatles participated only in the closing scene of the film, while their cartoon counterparts were voiced by other actors.Pepperland is a cheerful, music-loving paradise under the sea, protected by Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The titular Yellow Submarine rests on an Aztec-like pyramid on a hill. At the edge of the land is a range of high blue mountains. The land falls under a surprise attack from the music-hating Blue Meanies, who live beyond the blue mountains. The attack starts with a music-proof blue glass globe that imprisons the band. With the band sealed in the globe, the Blue Meanies fire projectiles from big artillery stationed in the blue mountains and render the Pepperlanders immobile as statues by shooting explosive arrows or dropping giant green apples upon them (a reference to the Beatles then-new company Apple Corps)[citation needed], and drain the entire countryside of colour. In the last minutes before his capture, Pepperland's elderly Lord Mayor sends Old Fred, an aging sailor (whom the even more elderly mayor calls "Young Fred"), to get help. An explosive fired from one of the Blue Meanies' clowns reactivates the mothballed Yellow Submarine and takes off with Fred in it ("Yellow Submarine"). Old Fred travels to Liverpool ("Eleanor Rigby"), where he follows a depressed Ringo to The Pier, a house-like building on the top of a hill, and persuades him to return to Pepperland with him. Ringo collects his "mates" John, George, and finally Paul, and the five journey back to Pepperland in the yellow submarine.
No comments:
Post a Comment