india industry

brands

• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21696558-indian-startup-takes-local-business-model-overseas-global-appetites

agriculture

• http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21697870-meagre-rainfall-only-part-problem-indias-farmers-dry-times
• http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bdadb556-0a32-11e6-9cd4-2be898308be3.html 
  the scale of the problem in Marathwada, a region of 19m people east of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra, has captured national attention. Environmental campaigners say the crisis is exacerbated by corruption and water mismanagement.
  Last month the state government began sending water by train to Latur and briefly banned gatherings of more than five people to prevent fights over water. National media have adopted a grim routine of tallying suicides by farmers in the region, with 320 in the first 110 days of this year, after an annual toll of 1,133 in 2015.
  Farmers in Marathwada blame their plight on unprecedented shifts in weather patterns and say they are facing the worst climatic environment they have ever known.

cow raising
- India to put cattle out to pasture as part of plan for protecting revered beast. Financial Times - 2017-04-26 

tea
- 伊朗去年是印度茶葉最大入口國，伊朗人尤其喜愛喝阿薩姆紅茶，但伊朗今年遭美國政府重新實施制裁後，經濟大受打擊，連帶減少從印度入口茶葉。印度茶葉出口量和價格均下跌，茶農和茶葉商為保生計，決定改為出產價格較便宜的茶葉品種，供應本地市場。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/11/19/a20-1119.pdf

Coffee
- producing areas

• Anamalais
• Araku valley
• Chickmagalur 
• coorg
• Biligiris
• Bababudagiris
• Brahmaputra
• Shevaroys
• Blue mountains / nilgiri
• Pulneys
• Travancore
• wayanaad

manufacturing

• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21660529-indian-manufacturing-peaked-mid-1990s-can-its-decline-be-reversed-stuck-runway

retailing

• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21625799-modern-food-retailing-has-struggled-win-customers-indias-old-fashioned-merchants-long

ecommerce/etailing

• india's ecommerce challenge ft 11nov14 page 15
• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2176baec-1efc-11e5-aa5a-398b2169cf79.html Indian soil has played host to many an epic battle involving invading foreign powers, from the Mughals to the British. Now its ecommerce sector faces a similar prospect. The world’s largest technology companies are piling in, seeking to replicate in India the dominance they enjoy in their home markets. The contest will soon pit American tech groups against rivals from Asia, and China in particular. Who will win?The attractions of India for both sides are obvious. The local market is potentially enormous but still technologically under-developed. About 130m Indians owned smartphones last year, a number that is set to hit 750m by 2020, according to Ericsson. The prospect of such rapid growth has prompted a record funding rush from global venture capital groupsover the past year. It gives the southern IT hub of Bangalore a vibrant boomtown feel.
• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21669928-flipkart-and-snapdeal-vie-be-indias-answer-amazon-and-alibaba-snap-flip-and-crackle Two home-grown outfits, Flipkart and Snapdeal, are vying to be the dominant player. Flipkart has the advantage of starting first. It was founded in 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, two software engineers who had worked at Amazon. The head start gave Flipkart time to build its own distribution arm and to establish a good name for service. Flipkart pioneered a cash-on-delivery service for the majority of Indians who do not use payment cards. Snapdeal began in 2010 as a seller of online coupons but a trip to China in 2011 prompted a switch in strategy. The founders, Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal, saw how Alibaba was thriving as a platform for online sales. Unlike Amazon or Flipkart, it had little capital tied up in stocks or warehouses. “If you own what you sell, you have limited range,” says Mr Bahl. Starting a marketplace for buyers and sellers “allowed us to scale up quickly.”
• http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7dbe118c-97d4-11e5-9228-87e603d47bdc.html India’s $11bn — and rising — ecommerce industry is facing a serious threat. But it is not Amazon, nor any other external company planning to enter the sector. It is the country’s own bricks-and-mortar retailers, who have accused online marketplaces of breaching complex rules on foreign direct investment.
  Homegrown websites, such as Flipkart, Snapdeal, and Paytm, continue to grow rapidly, albeit from a relatively small base. While online channels account for less than 1 per cent of the total Indian retail sales, according to research by UBS, forecasts for the value of goods sold via online marketplaces are rocketing upwards.
• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21688388-online-grocers-are-offering-small-shops-lifeline-age-smartphones-local-heroes

- https://www.ft.com/content/5efa7102-7b4d-11e6-b837-eb4b4333ee43 Tech start-ups move in on India's grocery shops. 
- Reliance Industries Ltd has launched an online grocery service, JioMart, the head of its grocery retail business said, in a move aimed at rivalling Amazon.com's local unit and Walmart Inc's Flipkart in the huge Indian market. JioMart will deliver groceries in more than 200 towns across the country, Damodar Mall, chief executive of grocery retail at the Indian conglomerate, said on Twitter late on Saturday.https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/05/24/technology/24reuters-reliance-retail.html

digital payment
- https://www.ft.com/content/47e2208a-b2a6-11e9-8cb2-799a3a8cf37b India’s booming digital payments sector has become a battleground between Chinese and American investors, but the market is likely to consolidate as a few winners emerge, according to Nandan Nilekani, co-founder of Indian tech giant Infosys and head of a government drive to boost online transactions. Investors from China and the US have poured money into the nascent industry, with Alibaba-backed Paytm going up against Walmart-owned PhonePe, and Google, Amazon and WhatsApp all in various stages of rolling out their own platforms. Other start-ups including Truecaller, Razorpay and BharatPe are also competing for a slice.

logistics

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160617/PDF/b2_screen.pdf 印度 報章報道，阿里巴巴計劃未來四至六個月 ， 在 印 度 收 購 物 流 公 司 Delhivery 及 Xpressbees，與阿里巴巴原先持有當地的流 動支付平台Paytm，以及電商Snapdeal，形 成 「鐵三角」。

technology

- economist 14mar2020 "silicon subcontinent" after a decade of phenomenal growth, one of the world's biggest startup scenes is showing signs of trouble

mobile communications
- https://www.ft.com/content/f71f345e-e150-11e6-9645-c9357a75844a 25jan17 Reliance Jio's big giveaway gamble reshapes India's mobile world
- China’s major Android smartphone vendors, including Xiaomi Corp, Oppo and Vivo, have suspended manufacturing operations in India amid a nationwide lockdown to stop the coronavirus from spreading. The 21-day lockdown, which started from midnight on Tuesday after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s announcement, is expected to result in a decline this year in India’s smartphone market, the world’s second largest after China, as manufacturers comply with the order and domestic consumption slows down during that period, according to analysts. Apple’s main iPhone assemblers, Foxconn Technology Group and Wistron Corp, as well as South Korea’s Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics have also temporarily shut down their plants in India in line with the government’s directive.https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3076968/chinese-smartphone-giants-suspend-manufacturing-india-amid


ict infrastructure

• Narendra Modi will stand up in front of a packed house at New Delhi’s imposing Vigyan Bhavan conference hall on Saturday and declare India on the cusp of a digital revolution. The prime minister will be watched by a host of global internet bigwigs, including Uber founder Travis Kalanick and Japanese telecoms tycoon Masayoshi Son of SoftBank, alongside many of India’s most prominent technology entrepreneurs. The “Start Up India” gathering marks the latest in a series of events designed to highlight both Mr Modi’s pulling power and tech-savvy reputation. But it also embodies his belief that the elixir of technology can help India overcome many of its most pressing economic and development challenges.

artificial intelligence
- 印度班加羅爾首家機械人餐廳日前開幕，每日平均吸引多達六百人光顧。餐廳始創人拉金德蘭（Venkatesh Rajendran）稱打算在市內再開四至五家分店，又指收到不少海外國家的邀請，計劃在沙特阿拉伯、阿聯酋杜拜各開設一家分店。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190827/00180_033.html

digital payment
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-facebook-whatsapp-idUSKBN1760JW Instant messaging app WhatsApp, owned by Facebook Inc, is mulling a foray into digital payment services in India, its first such offering globally, and has advertised to hire a digital transactions lead in the country.
A WhatsApp move into digital payments in India, its biggest market that is home to 200 million of its billion plus global users, would replicate similar moves by messaging apps like Tencent Holdings Ltd's WeChat in China. WhatsApp is working to launch person-to-person payments in India in the next six months, news website The Ken reported earlier on Tuesday, citing unnamed sources.
- 印度政府在一六年提出「印度崛起」（Startup India, Stand up India），當中提出統一支付系統（UPI）及全國電子支付，以推動金融科技在當地發展。現時當地較有名的電子支付公司包括Paytm等。早在一○年，已有不少國際企業投資當地公司，如紅杉資本在一四年聯同Tybourne等公司，以1.74億美元投資電子支付軟件Freecharge。Ascent Capital在一四年投資當地電子支付公司Citrus Pay。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20181203/00269_004.html
- ft 27jun19 india offer test case for future of mobile money

banks

- economist 14mar2020 "when yes means no" amid the global maelstrom, india has to bail out another bank
- consolidation

• It was in the budget speech on February 28, 2005 that consolidation of Indian banking industry was probably put forth for the first time by someone who mattered in the government. The then finance minister P Chidambaram, in a different context of acquiring size to match global banks, signalled the government is keen on state-run banks' merger.  More than a decade after, this month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Cabinet has given a go ahead to banks to come up with plans by themselves to consolidate the 21 entities based on the needs of individual banks. As matters stand, government has said it wouldn't force the hands of banks. About seven banks, including IDBI Bank, Central Bank of India, Indian Overseas BankBSE 0.89 %, UCO Bank, have lost loans market share over the year. Six government-owned banks, including Dena Bank, Central Bank of India, are under the RBI prompt corrective action watch after their financials deteriorated. Sixteen of 21 PSU banks have their capital ratio close to regulatory minimum with the peril of breaching it. Some of the state-run banks see the writing on the wall. Read more at: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/60283638.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

- private sector banks

• https://www.ft.com/content/53ec05f6-3c8e-11e8-b7e0-52972418fec4 While India’s state-controlled banks have been the worst hit by rising business loan defaults, ICICI and Axis have been much more badly affected than other private lenders. Both have had a strong focus on corporate banking since their inception, and took part in an enthusiastic wave of industrial lending over much of the past decade.

- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9a776db4-93e3-11e4-92dd-00144feabdc0.html Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister, has moved to address worries about his flagging economic reform agenda with a pledge to shake-up India’s banking sector and the likely appointment of market-friendly economist Arvind Panagariya to head a government think-tank. Mr Modi endured a frustrating end to 2014 as parliamentary deadlock stymied major legislation, prompting his administration to pass temporary ordinances in areas such as helping businesses to purchase land for development projects.
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21641272-banks-have-signed-up-120m-customers-five-months-was-easy The bustle at the kiosk in Kurla East is in response to the government’s drive to provide banking to the poor. It is looking for a direct and reliable means to support their incomes, which would allow it to do away with costly and distorting subsidies. The prime minister, Narendra Modi, launched the initiative at the end of August, setting a target of 75m new accounts by Republic Day, January 26th. The scheme’s initial goal has been surpassed: 120m accounts have been opened. Arun Jaitley, the finance minister, has claimed that almost every household in India now has access to banking. But a previous financial-inclusion drive in 2010 petered out when many accounts were left dormant. Some experts fear a repeat unless banks are allowed to make a decent profit serving their new customers.
- http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/19/india-banks-idUSL4N0XB20120150419 Indian banks, hoping to offset a slow recovery in corporate lending, are pushing into credit cards and personal loans, using blanket advertising, cold call campaigns and even sending employees to malls to lure customers. Lending to companies has traditionally been the mainstay for banks in Asia's third-largest economy. But as India emerges from two years of slower economic growth, those loans are sour, large investment projects are stalled and company profits lacklustre. Meanwhile, retail borrowers have escaped largely unscathed, with income levels still growing, albeit at a slower pace, and no large-scale job losses. The current push is the boldest since before the 2008 financial crisis, with some lenders aiming to increase loan books annually by a third or more, capitalising on Indians' growing appetite for luxuries like holidays abroad.
- http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21653611-privatising-indias-public-sector-banks-only-way-fix-them-rump-stake Privatising India’s public-sector banks is the only way to fix them
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21653667-economys-prospects-rest-broken-banks-are-only-slowly-being
The economy’s prospects rest on broken banks that are only slowly being repaired

- microlenders

• Strong demand fuels renaissance of India microfinance http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2dc805be-4ea8-11e4-b205-00144feab7de.html
• http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cdf7b842-97ee-11e4-84d4-00144feabdc0.html Informal-sector workers and small-scale entrepreneurs such as Mr Rathod, who are paid in cash, predominate in India’s burgeoning cities. Yet when it comes to home loans, they are shunned by mainstream banks, because they lack the requisite payslips and tax returns to document their income.
  It is these workers — who account for more than 84 per cent of India’s non-agricultural labour force — that MHFC was created to serve, in a quest to tackle the acute shortage of affordable housing for the urban working class.
  “It’s not that they don’t have money or can’t afford a loan,” says Rajnish Dhall, a former senior director at American Express, and MHFC’s co-founder. “It’s just that there is no willingness by banks to deal with this category.”
  The origins of MHFC go back to 2006, when Mr Dhall returned to Mumbai after a decade abroad, and was struck by the housing shortage that kept more than half the city’s population in slums. Conversations revealed property developers were reluctant to build homes for urban working-class families — despite the huge pent-up demand — as the potential buyers were unable to secure long-term loans for home purchases.
• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0037f4de-ff9b-11e4-8c46-00144feabdc0.html India’s microfinance industry increased its total loan portfolio 61 per cent over the past financial year to a record high of Rs401bn ($6bn) — a remarkable turnround for an industry pushed to the brink of collapse five years ago. The rapid growth, a sharp contrast to the 9 per cent increase in India’s total bank credit last year, reflects the pent-up demand for credit among poor and working-class Indians, who are generally left to the clutches of usurious informal moneylenders.

- shadow lending

• ft 9oct19 india co-operative banks' woes heighten fears of ripple effect

fintech
- economist 8jun19 "e-ruptification"


gold
- http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201511/1106/HA10B06CGBA.pdf measures to encourage gold trading not effective
- http://www.econotimes.com/India-Gold-Monetization-Scheme-%E2%80%93-Part-1-%E2%80%93-key-features-113472 According to latest estimate, Indian consumers hold directly or indirectly 22,000 tons of Gold, almost three times the total holding of US Federal Reserve. Current value of that gold is around $800 billion or 39% of GDP. That vast amount of capital sits idle either at bank or family lockers, producing nothing and contributing nothing. To increase movability of the capital, Indian newly elected government has launched a new scheme to monetize this gold, naming it GMS (Gold Monetization Scheme).

• Though skeptics suggest that the scheme could be a grand failure due to sentimental value of the Gold but considering the amount, even 25% mobility should be considered as success. Read more at http://www.econotimes.com/India-Gold-Monetization-Scheme-%E2%80%93-Part-1-%E2%80%93-key-features-113472#oTozjjJ37oHKMIjh.99

- http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/12/02/india-gold-idUSL3N13R2VU20151202  A senior Indian government official floated the idea this week of setting up a national gold exchange to overhaul physical trade in the world's second-biggest bullion market. Such a platform could provide transparency and establish a price benchmark in the market, though some in the industry said more changes were needed before such a plan might work.

• https://www.ft.com/content/935b6c32-ba81-11e9-8a88-aa6628ac896c India’s longtime hopes of building a well-regulated national gold market are closer to reality after banks and trade groups submitted a blueprint to the government to set up a physical gold exchange. India, which is the world’s second-largest consumer market for gold, last year said it planned to create a spot gold exchange, inspired by neighbouring China’s highly successful Shanghai Gold Exchange. Banks including JPMorgan Chase, Standard Chartered and State Bank of India, along with the World Gold Council, submitted the blueprint this month after consultations with the government.

property/real estate

• http://www.chinadailyasia.com/asia/2015-02/25/content_15231071.html Prime Minister Narendra Modi's budget on Saturday presents an opportunity to provide more details on how he plans to give Kumar and about 170 million Indians who live in urban slums affordable homes by 2022. If done right, the plan could boost economic growth and help him win votes in cities such as Delhi, where his party got trounced in a state election this month.
• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-02/06/content_19505552.htm Indian developers see opportunity at the bottom of the property ladder as demand for pricierhomes wanes. Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd, Tata Housing Development Company Ltd and RahejaDevelopers Ltd are among companies unveiling projects where apartments cost less than 2million rupees ($32,000), as elevated borrowing costs weigh on purchases of more expensiveproperties. "Developers are increasingly focusing on affordable housing projects as demand and salesremain strong there," Anshuman Magazine, chairman at CBRE South Asia Ltd, said onWednesday. "High price points and interest rates led to a fall in residential property sales inpremium and mid-market segments last year."

energy

• India looks to private sector for $250bn injection in power infrastructure http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a80584b2-5dd2-11e4-b7a2-00144feabdc0.html 
• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/91480778-9a17-11e4-9602-00144feabdc0.html  US-based solar power developer SunEdison and Indian billionaire industrialist Gautam Adani are to invest up to $4bn in an Indian solar power factory joint venture, in a boost for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s drive to develop domestic manufacturing.
• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5956cf62-a4b5-11e5-a91e-162b86790c58.html Equipment suppliers see opportunity in country’s ‘massive’ renewable energy aspirations

coal
- India optimistic of being coal-free by 2050 https://www.ft.com/content/6007f0f8-eeb9-11e6-930f-061b01e23655


steel

• chinese firms equipped to prosper in india steel sector http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-10/09/content_18709149.htm

science and tech
- https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2181082/hindu-nationalists-cite-legends-and-scriptures-evidence-ancient

electronics

• http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1708803/subsidies-lure-firms-indias-electronics-push General Electric and Nidec are among companies looking to take advantage of a subsidy India is offering for electronics manufacturing as part of efforts to boost economic growth. The Indian government had received at least 60 applications, with about half of them approved, for a subsidy of as much as 25 per cent on capital investment, said Ajay Kumar, a senior official in the Department of Electronics and Information Technology. More than 40 submissions were made after Narendra Modi became prime minister in May last year. While the incentive was introduced by the previous government, the number of proposals is rising as Modi takes steps including allowing more foreign direct investment in industries such as railways to boost economic growth.
  He wants 100 million factory jobs created by 2022 and the government is implementing an US$18 billion programme known as Digital India to expand high-speed internet access and offer government services online.

chips
- economist 5oct19 "fab in india" the government tries to create indigenous chip makers

Telecom
-  印度首富、信實工業創始人安巴尼旗下的電訊公司信實Jio，本月宣布今年將生產1億部Jio廉價功能手機 （Feature Phone），顯示印度手機市場雖整體規模大，但貧困人口較多，功能手機仍為主力，在該市場中，Jio實力相當。而小米剛獨立的品牌紅米，以及有「非洲之王」稱號的傳音控股，將會是Jio的主要對手。 
目前，在印度的五大智能手機品牌，即三星和中國的「華米OV」佔據當地市場77%份額。據Counterpoint和Cyber Media數據預測，今年印度智能手機市場將增長12%，出貨量預計將達1.6億部（一八年為1.5億部，一七年為1.34億部），成為全球唯一增長的主要智能手機市場。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190130/00202_023.html

- Reliance Communications Chairman Anil Ambani presented a revised debt resolution plan on Wednesday aimed at reducing the company's liabilities from 450 billion rupees ($7 billion) to 60 billion rupees by March 2018 by withdrawing the company from the consumer wireless business and unloading assets, including real estate. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Deals/Reliance-Communications-asset-sale-speeds-India-telecom-shakeout
- India’s second-largest mobile service provider, Vodafone Idea, is at the brink of collapse, threatening a staggering blow not just to the country’s telecoms sector but also to the country’s sluggish economy. What was once a high-flying operator, the joint venture between the UK’s Vodafone Group and India’s Idea Cellular was brought to its knees when India’s Supreme Court ruled in October that the company owed the government billions of dollars in usage charges and licence fees. The court gave Vodafone Idea 90 days to pay, with the deadline later extended to March 17. Following a period of intense negotiations, the financially stressed telecoms operator sent a letter to the government on Wednesday seeking a series of relief measures including deferred and reduced payments of its overdue levies. Bharti Airtel, the country’s third-largest telecoms with 28.4 per market share in terms of subscribers, owes the government US$5 billion in statutory dues but is in a better position to make the payment due to recent capital-raising measures. Still, the payment will make Bharti Airtel reticent to make any investments in its infrastructure or in the imminent 5G roll-out. In total, Indian telecoms companies owe the government US$13 billion in additional revenues – a sum disputed by operators – for spectrum allocation and licensing fees. The Indian telecoms sector was battered by the stormy arrival in 2016 of Reliance Jio, which is owned by Asia’s wealthiest person, Mukesh Ambani , and which offered a long list of freebies to subscribers when setting up shop in the country. Since then, the telecoms landscape has radically changed, leaving other operators to either crumble or merge. The total number of operators has dropped from more than a dozen to just three – Vodafone Idea, Bharti Airtel and Jio. " If Vodafone Idea exits, the 300 million-plus subscribers will be left in the dark almost overnight, which could cause nationwide panic not only for consumers but also for the incumbent to take them on to their networks,” Shah warned. “Airtel or Jio might not have enough spectrum or capacity to on-board and accommodate hundreds of millions of subs in a short span of time.”
Amid a countrywide economic slowdown, India’s government appears unwilling to let Vodafone Idea fail, fearing that potential repercussions on the economy would send a negative signal to foreign investors about India’s business climate. The government, though, still has no clear road map for resolving the matter.
https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3052959/vodafone-idea-brink-india-threatening-telecoms-sector-and

smartphone

- http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1834940/race-tap-indias-smartphone-market

ride apps

- https://www.ft.com/content/ecf7df26-14ef-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c Disgruntled drivers in India are being wooed by new car-hailing apps that promise higher fares and better pay, as they seek to capitalise on employee discontent confronting market leaders Uber and Ola in the country’s $8bn taxi market. Cabby, a New Delhi-based start-up, and Baxi Taxi, the motorcycle-hailing company, have launched rival services in recent weeks following widespread disruption for Uber and Ola over earnings that drivers say have failed to live up to promises. The new companies have been endorsed by powerful taxi unions in New Delhi, Gurgaon and Mumbai and are luring drivers with better fares and terms, such as accident insurance, than are offered by Ola and Uber.

military
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/21687400-bbf6-11e4-b6ec-00144feab7de.html India's $250bn arms shopping list tempts wary investors
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21696959-countrys-conglomerates-are-throwing-themselves-arms-making-opportunity-strikes

- 印度雖然投放巨資助俄研製T50，但俄印一直就研發費加碼問題爭拗不休，計劃瀕臨難產。即使俄印最終傾掂數，印方獲得T50，甚至利用其核心技術自行研製第四代戰機，但由於俄國測試進度未如理想，肯定得推遲交機，等到印度第四代戰機大規模入役之時，中國已擁有過百架第四代重型隱形戰機殲20，而巴國則可能從中方手中購得第四代中型隱形戰機殲31，把印度愈拋愈遠。據外媒報道，美國洛歇馬丁公司和波音公司正向印度軍方投標，擬在印設立F16和F18戰鬥機生產線。印度因經濟和政治立場問題，始終無法從美國引進F35隱形戰機，加上與俄羅斯合作並不愉快，上述兩間美國軍火商此時提出在印設立F16和F18生產線，大可乘人之危獅子開大口，以超高價格強迫印度接收將被淘汰的美製戰機技術。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170930/00184_009.html 
- 印度海軍第二艘國產潛艇坎德里號，上周六在孟買海軍基地下水。印度防長辛格稱，印軍的海防實力足以打擊巴基斯坦，同時已準備好挫敗破壞地區和平的國家的企圖。日媒則形容印方的舉動罕見，相信真正目的是為了牽制中國。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191001/00178_009.html

aerospace

- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38977803India has created history by successfully launching 104 satellites on a single mission, overtaking the previous record of 37 satellites launched by Russia in 2014. All but three of the satellites are from foreign countries, most of them from the United States. The launch took place from Sriharikota space centre in south India.

- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-40158889 The 640-tonne rocket blasted off from a launching site off the Bay of Bengal in Sriharikota. As one website put it, "it's been a big day for India". The rocket will reduce the Indian Space Research Organisation's (Isro) reliance on European vehicles to launch heavy satellites. The coverage of the launch has been euphoric, and often colourful, with websites comparing the rocket to the weight of 200 elephants, or five jumbo jets.
- 該國太空研究組織上周五宣布，計劃於二○二一年底進行首個載人航天任務。若這項三人的太空任務成事，將是繼俄羅斯、美國及中國後，全球第四個成功把人送上太空的國家。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190113/00180_013.html

- 印度太空研究組織（ISRO）周一宣布，載有着陸器的無人太空船月船二號（Chandrayaan-2）當日成功發射升空，有望令該國成為全球第四個登月國家，以及首個登陸月球南極的國家。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190723/00180_031.html

- 印度前日成功發射國產高超音速飛行器，測試由印度國防研究與發展組織（DRDO）進行。印媒稱，印度繼美國、俄羅斯和中國之後第四個躋身「高超音速導彈俱樂部」的國家。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200909/00180_003.html

AI

- http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2064403/india-turns-artificial-intelligence-cyber-warfare-threats-grow

Gems and jewellery

• statistics http://www.solitaireinternational.com/images/050813115220_India_Stats.pdf

pharmaceutical

• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/41bdec2c-4319-11e4-9a58-00144feabdc0.html 
  India has scrapped plans to impose price controls on a range of branded generic drugs made by western multinationals and leading Indian drugmakers, as it seeks to defuse rising tensions with the pharmaceuticals industry.
• India has recently seen a clutch of e-pharmacy start-ups aiming to take the hassle, and financial sting, out of filling drug prescriptions — especially for chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.However, the fledgling companies complain of being subjected to a “witch-hunt” by Indian regulators, who are accused of trying to shut them down — or tie them up in red tape — at the behest of India’s hundreds of thousands of small, mom-and-pop pharmacies. In recent weeks, agents from the Maharashtra Food and Drug Administration have raided the Pune offices of PharmEasy, which delivers medicines to patients in six cities, offering discounts of up to 20 per cent, while relying on traditional brick-and-mortar pharmacies for its supply of medicines.https://next.ft.com/content/4428c04a-3390-11e6-bda0-04585c31b153

aviation
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21635004-prospering-indias-aviation-market-requires-patience-and-discipline-short-haul-long
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c553d7aa-a07e-11e4-9aee-00144feab7de.html A month ago, SpiceJet, one of India’s three large private airlines, seemed headed on a similar trajectory to Kingfisher Airlines, the carrier brought down by heavy debts in 2012.
Today, however, SpiceJet is poised for a course correction after Kalanithi Maran, the media magnate and the carrier’s controlling shareholder, agreed to hand ownership to Ajay Singh, the founder, as part of a rescue plan.
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-16/india-revives-passenger-plane-project-as-china-japan-race-ahead
-  Shortage of experienced pilots pile on problems for industry expanding too quickly https://www.ft.com/content/07f27372-8d5e-11e7-a352-e46f43c5825d

drones
- 印度政府周一宣布斥資一百億盧比（約十一億港元），在兩年內以無人機繪畫全國的高解像3D數碼地圖。新地圖的分辨率高達1:500，即一厘米等於五百厘米，相信地圖有助政府日後及私人機構作發展規劃。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190919/00180_040.html
airport terminals

• Two-and-a-half years after the completion of a new copy7 million terminal building, the airport in Jaisalmer, a small and remote desert city in India's western Rajasthan state, stands empty. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/asia/662148/india-splurged-50-million-on-eight-ghost-terminals

shipbuilding
- Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) is the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India.^[2] It is part of a line of maritime-related facilities in the port-city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. Of the services provided by the shipyard are building platform supply vessels and double-hulled oil tankers. Presently it is building the first range of indigenous aircraft carriers for the Indian Navy, the Vikrant-class aircraft carriers. Cochin Shipyard was incorporated in 1972 as a Government of India company, with the first phase of facilities coming online in 1982. The yard has facilities to build vessels up to 1.1 million tons and repair vessels up to 1.25 million tons, the largest such facilities in India. In August 2012, the Government of India announced plans of divestment to raise capital of Rs. 15 billion (15,000 million Rupees) for further expansion through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) towards the end of the fiscal year.

• 負責製造印度首艘國產航空母艦的國營科欽造船廠，昨日發生油輪爆炸，造成至少五人死亡、十一人受傷，暫時未知意外成因。

electric vehicle
- ft 13aug19 reforms drain india's electric car industry

motorcycles
- https://www.ft.com/content/8f526d52-1add-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f At a time when the government is striving to burnish India’s credentials as a manufacturing centre, TVS and its peers provide encouraging examples. More than 16m motorcycles and scooters were sold in India during the 2016 financial year, far more than in any other country and nearly six times the number of passenger cars sold. Exports in that same period reached 2.5m, up from 1.5m five years before. The Apache can be found in showrooms from Bogotá to Jakarta, while TVS’s three-wheeled autorickshaws ply the streets of Cairo and Addis Ababa.

hotels
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21717429-road-indian-prosperity-paved-cheap-and-cheerful-hostels-indias-hostels

sports

• http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5e668b02-748f-11e4-b30b-00144feabdc0.html India’s fitness and slimming industry is expected to rise from Rs60bn in 2012 to at least Rs100bn in 2015, according to research from consultants PwC and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Ficci), with global gym operators looking to capture a larger chunk of the market. This week Fitness First, the UK-based chain, announced ambitious plans to invest Rs1.6bn over the next five years adding 30 new clubs to its existing network of seven gyms. “There is probably an inflection point,” says Andy Cosslett, chief executive. “The time is right now to move faster.”

towels

• http://www.economist.com/news/business/21657375-story-indias-biggest-maker-towels-and-their-journey-cotton-field-big-box

textile and clothing

• http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21699490-tamil-nadu-and-kerala-dance-different-tune-rest-india-southern-comfort

 tannery

- four main clusters - agra, chennai, kanpur and kolkata 

wedding
- scmp 20aug18 "my big fat indian wedding"

domestic helpers, live-in maids
- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/72421767.cms mumbai sees a surge in live-in maids from northern tribal belt