Aviation

Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)

International rules
- chicago convention
- warsaw convention
- tokyo convention
- icao sarps
- http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1673617/new-rules-safer-skies-will-be-tough-sell

international cooperation
- payment platform

• PayCargo and IATA have established the IATA-PayCargo System to offer the air cargo industry “an advanced and efficient payment and settlement system.” The partnership marks the global expansion of an agreement that began in 2017 when Cargo Network Services (CNS), a US-based subsidiary of IATA, and PayCargo offered a similar service in the US. The companies say the IATA-PayCargo System will serve as “an import payment platform for the global air cargo industry leading to increased efficiencies, lower costs, and data rich remittance information.”https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/iata/iata-hopes-to-make-paying-for-cargo-easier/

- emission

• China has cooled on a landmark deal to curb emissions from international flights, with the country no longer listed as a participant in the agreement’s first phase, according to the United Nations aviation agency’s website.China does not appear on a June 29 list of participants in the voluntary phase of the deal brokered by the International Civil Aviation Organisation in 2016, according to ICAO’s website. Aviation powerhouse China was included in previous lists seen by Reuters. It is not clear why China now objects to the deal. The pilot phase begins in 2021.https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2153873/china-backs-out-international-deal-curb-aircraft-emissions

National rules
- usa

• airline deregulation act
• federal aviation administration authorization act
• The Commerce Clause describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." Courts and commentators have tended to discuss each of these three areas of commerce as a separate power granted to Congress.^[1] It is common to see the individual components of the Commerce Clause referred to under specific terms: The Foreign Commerce Clause, the Interstate Commerce Clause,^[2] and the Indian Commerce Clause. Dispute exists within the courts as to the range of powers granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause. As noted below, the clause is often paired with the Necessary and Proper Clause, the combination used to take a broad, expansive perspective of these powers. However, the effect of the Commerce Clause has varied significantly depending on the Supreme Court's interpretation. During the Marshall Court era, Commerce Clause interpretation empowered Congress to gain jurisdiction over numerous aspects of intrastate and interstate commerce as well as non-commerce. During the post-1937 era, the use of the Commerce Clause by Congress to authorize federal control of economic matters became effectively unlimited. Since the latter half of the Rehnquist Court era, Congressional use of the Commerce Clause has become slightly restricted again, being limited only to matters of trade or any other form of restricted area (whether interstate or not) and production (whether commercial or not).

Live flight tracking
- http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1708802/cost-biggest-obstacle-real-time-flight-tracking Cost, instead of technology, will be the biggest obstacle to making real-time tracking of all flights possible as recommended by a United Nations aviation body on a new international safety standard following several deadly plane crashes over the past few months.

Position reporting for all commercial aircraft at 15-minute intervals would become reality when states take legal action to make the recommendation by the International Civil Aviation Organisation mandatory. Just how long that will take is the big question for airlines already operating on razor-thin margins.

Airports as an investment
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21653675-why-buying-airports-has-taken-flying-high
- https://www.ft.com/content/b2cede92-0abd-11e9-9fe8-acdb36967cfc Investors in the UK’s busiest airports received £6.7bn in dividends in the past decade even as those airports issued billions of pounds in debt, research by the Financial Times has shown. The scale of the dividends has provoked criticism from some in the aviation industry given airports are imposing high landing charges on airlines — which are passed on to customers through air fares — and are preparing to invest in expensive new runways and terminal buildings. Tim Alderslade, chief executive of trade body Airlines UK, said airports were “skimming off millions in dividends”, while “airlines — many of whom are operating in the red — expect airports to keep landing charges down”. Private equity firm Global Infrastructure Partners and its co-investors in Gatwick airport, whose £2.9bn sale to French company Vinci was announced on Thursday, have received £1.5bn since 2010. This included £643m in 2017-2018, when the airport issued £650m of debt.
- business model of passenger terminal http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190415/PDF/a16_screen.pdf

Airport capacity
- http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1771637/new-uk-system-could-squeeze-more-capacity-out-chek-lap-kok 

Airbus vs boeing
- http://www.economist.com/node/14214813 NOT a lot has gone right for Boeing recently. After declaring to the world at the Paris air show in June that its chronically delayed 787 Dreamliner would take to the air before the month was out, executives were forced to announce an indefinite postponement of the high-tech aircraft's first flight only days later because of a problem with the wing mounting. The company also seems to have been hit harder by cash-strapped airlines cancelling orders than its main rival, Airbus. But Boeing is anticipating a triumph in the next few weeks when the World Trade Organisation (WTO) comes to a preliminary decision on a complaint made by America nearly five years ago about subsidies given to Airbus by European governments. In 2004 at the urging of Harry Stonecipher, Boeing's boss at the time, America terminated a 1992 agreement with the European Union regulating government support for the commercial-aircraft industry and initiated a WTO dispute-settlement procedure. The agreement had capped European launch aid for new airliners at 33% of all development costs on condition that the money was repaid at an interest rate that at least covered the cost of the governments' own borrowing. For their part, the Americans were allowed to continue with indirect federal and state support for their aircraft industry as long as the payments did not exceed 3% of the industry's sales. Much of the subsidy received by Boeing comes in the form of research contracts for its military arm, the results of which can then be applied to its civil aircraft without charge. Bob Novick, a legal counsel for Boeing, says that when the company went along with the 1992 agreement it was on the understanding that over time Airbus would wean itself from launch aid. But by 2004, despite Airbus's control of more than half of the global market in large commercial aircraft, Boeing could see no sign of that. The giant A380, which was made possible only by $3.5 billion in launch aid from France, Germany, Spain and Britain, and was designed to kill off Boeing's 747, was about to be rolled out.
- airbus victory over wto dispute on boeing subsidies various newspapers 29mar19

boeing vs bombardier
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-boeing-bombardier-idUSKBN17T387 Boeing Co on Thursday asked the U.S. Commerce Department to investigate alleged subsidies and unfair pricing for Canadian planemaker Bombardier's new CSeries airplane, adding to growing trade tensions between the United States and Canada. The petition against Canada's new competitor to the Boeing 737 aircraft came just days after the Commerce Department imposed duties averaging 20 percent on imports of Canadian softwood lumber, saying that the product's origin from public land amounted to an unfair government subsidy. On Wednesday, U.S. President Donald Trump told Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto that he intended to begin renegotiating the 23-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement, after White House officials said Trump had been considering an order to withdraw from the pact.  Boeing said in its petition that Bombardier, determined to win a key order from Delta Air Lines Inc after losing a competition at United Airlines, had offered its planes to the airline at an "absurdly low" $19.6 million each, well below what it described as the aircraft’s production cost of $33.2 million. "Propelled by massive, supply creating and illegal government subsidies, Bombardier Inc has embarked on an aggressive campaign to dump its CSeries aircraft in the United States," Boeing said in its petition.  Boeing's similarly sized 737-700 model has a list price of $83.4 million, with the new 737-MAX 7 priced at $92.2 million. Sales discounts from list prices are typically 40 percent to 50 percent in the industry.
In April 2016, Bombardier won the Delta order, its biggest yet, for 75 CS100 jets, worth an estimated $5.6 billion based on the list price of about $71.8 million. In its complaint against Bombardier, Boeing argued that the CSeries program would not exist without hundreds of millions of dollars in launch aid from the governments of Canada, Quebec and Britain, or a $2.5 billion equity infusion from Quebec and its largest pension fund in 2015.



tiny planes
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2017/04/08/why-tiny-electric-planes-and-25-tickets-could-be-the-future-of-air-travel/

training schools
- usa

• us aviation academy

• 在美國德州航空學校受訓的一名中國籍公費學生，上周二（16日）清晨疑因不堪校方歧視，在學校宿舍廁所內自殺身亡。有知情人士向中國傳媒透露，該校的中國籍學生長期受到不公平對待，一般人只需一個月完成的私人飛機執照階段，死者花了一年多還未完成，而且中間只有兩三個月能正常飛行，有知情人士歸咎校方超收學生致訓練混亂。事發於USAG航空學校的德州登頓校區，該校在德州謝爾曼亦有分校。USAG通過中國民航總局的認證，可招收中國航空公司的公費學生，因此大部分學生來自中國。自尋短見的學生名叫小陽（化名），他是江蘇淮安人，二○一五年通過南京航空航天大學的招飛計劃，並和深圳航空公司簽約成為見習機師，派往USAG學習。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190423/00180_024.html

Gossip
- 九點九折機票
http://www.hket.com/eti/article/f914203f-0d0b-4a15-969f-ab4bec8b7a36-505365?ref=facebook
- http://topick.hket.com/article/571065/?r=mcsdfb
全球20條最長直飛航線
Luxury jet market
- http://www.scmp.com/business/money/markets-investing/article/1620806/blackstone-loan-fund-taps-revival-luxury-jet-market
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2014-11/13/content_18905568.htm Foreign aviation industry manufacturers remain optimistic of steady growth in the Chinese market over the next decade, according to some of the world's biggest players who have gathered this week for the 10th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, Guangdong province.
- http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1935780/chinese-business-jet-firms-clutch-one-another-industry-slows

aircraft leasing
- those receiving "torches"

• li ka shing
• new world
• fang fang 

• https://www.ft.com/content/90fbbb00-fa75-11e6-bd4e-68d53499ed71Former JPMorgan China head invests in aircraft leasing

freight forwarding
- fuel surcharge

• http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170311/00176_064.html 民航處公布航空公司可由下月一日起至一九年底，自香港出發的航班可恢復徵收貨運燃油附加費，收費將按民航處訂下的公式計算，期間航空公司毋須向處方申請徵費，但航空公司現時不可徵收客運燃油附加費的安排維持不變。香港付貨人委員會總幹事何立基對恢復徵收貨運燃油附加費表示失望，認為民航處訂下計算公式，令付貨人失去與航空公司的議價能力，讓航空公司把營運成本風險轉嫁給付貨人並不合理，亦失去鼓勵航空公司環保節省用油的動力。

全球最小型的商務噴射機Flaris LAR 1，近日終於在波蘭首次起飛。噴射機只需要極短的跑道便可起飛，一分鐘內可上升至五千九百呎高空；機形雖小但絕不便宜，每架價值一百七十萬歐元（約一千五百萬港元）。噴射機在巴比莫斯特（Babimost）附近的綠山城機場首次試飛，機師采內（Wieslaw Cena）駕駛飛機在空中翱翔，又示範轉圈，然後流暢地觸地降落。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190418/00180_029.html
airship
- The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. Of the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), there were 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen). One worker on the ground was also killed, raising the final death toll to 36. The disaster was the subject of spectacular newsreel coverage, photographs, and Herbert Morrison's recorded radio eyewitness reports from the landing field, which were broadcast the next day. A variety of hypotheses have been put forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The incident shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the abrupt end of the airship era.


h-tw.flightaware.com

http://www.airlineratings.com/airlines-ratings.php


News site
- Flight Global https://www.flightglobal.com/

Event
- Macau Business Aviation Exhibition http://www.macau-gwj.com/