- called phortaingeil in gaelic language
royalty
- The House of Aviz (modern Portuguese: Avis; Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈviʃ]) known as the Joanine Dynasty was the second dynasty of the kings of Portugal. In 1385, the Interregnum of the 1383-1385 crisis ended when the Cortes of Coimbra proclaimed the Master of the monastic military Order of Aviz as King John I. John was the natural (illegitimate) son of King Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço, and so was half-brother to the last king of the Portuguese House of Burgundy or Afonsine Dynasty, Ferdinand I of Portugal. The House of Aviz continued to rule Portugal until Philip II of Spain inherited the Portuguese crown with the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. The descendants of King John I were still also Masters of Aviz, though at times that title passed to one descendant of John and the Crown of Portugal to another. The title of Grand Master of the Order of Aviz was permanently incorporated into the Portuguese Crown toward the end of rule by the House of Aviz, in 1551.The House of Aviz was established as a result of the dynastic crisis following the 1383 death of Ferdinand I. Ferdinand's widow Leonor Telles was disliked by both the nobility and the commoners for having left her first husband and for having had their marriage annulled in order to marry King Ferdinand. Ferdinand's designated heir was their only surviving child Beatrice, married to John I of Castile who claimed the throne in the name of his wife, but under the Treaty of Salvaterra that had been the basis for John's marriage to Beatrice, the unpopular Leonor was left as Regent until such time as the son of Beatrice and John would be 14 years old. In April 1385, amidst popular revolt and civil war, the Cortes of Coimbra declared John, Master of Aviz, as king John I of Portugal. He was half-brother of Ferdinand and natural son of Ferdinand's father and predecessor Pedro I. He had the particular backing of the rising bourgeoisie of Lisbon; the nobility were split, with the majority favoring the legitimist Beatrice. Troops under General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated a small Castilian army at Atoleiros, while John of Castile had to lift a siege to Lisboa, mainly due to a plague that hit his army and killed his wife Beatrice. This was followed, however, by a larger invasion of Castilian and Portuguese troops loyal to John of Castile. John of Aviz's rule became established fact with the Portuguese victory in the Battle of Aljubarrota on 14 August 1385, where he defeated John I of Castile.[4] A formal peace between Portugal and Castile would not be signed until 1411. To mark his victory, John founded the Monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória, known as the "Batalha Monastery" ("Battle Monastery"), whose chapel became the burial place of the princes of the new dynasty of Aviz.
- The Ínclita Geração (often translated in English as "Illustrious Generation") is a term commonly used by Portuguese historians to refer to a group of 15th-century infantes (princes) of the House of Aviz, specifically the sons of King John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster (daughter of John of Gaunt): the future king Edward of Portugal; the future regent Peter of Coimbra; Prince Henry the Navigator; the constable John of Reguengos; and the martyr Ferdinand the Holy Prince.
- Duarte[a] ([duˈaɾt(ɨ)]; 31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438), known in English as Edward and called the Philosopher (o Rei-Filósofo) or the Eloquent (o Eloquente), was King of Portugal from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster. Edward was the oldest member of the "Illustrious Generation" of accomplished royal children who contributed to the development of Portuguese civilization during the 15th century. As a cousin of several English kings, he became a Knight of the Garter.Duarte's premature death provoked a political crisis in Portugal. Leaving only a young son, Afonso, to inherit the throne, it was generally assumed that Duarte's brothers would take over the regency of the realm. But Duarte's will appointed his unpopular foreign wife, Eleanor of Aragon, as regent. A popular uprising followed, in which the burghers of the realm, assembled by John of Reguengos, acclaimed Peter of Coimbra as regent. But the nobles backed Eleanor's claim, and threatened civil war. The regency crisis was defused by a complicated and tense power-sharing arrangement between Eleanor and Peter.Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinança De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela ("Book of Teachings on Riding Well on Every Saddle") as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.
- Fidalgo (Portuguese: [fiˈðaɫɣu], Galician: [fiˈðalɣʊ]), from Galician fillo de algo and Portuguese filho de algo—equivalent to nobleman, but sometimes literally translated into English as "son of somebody" or "son of some (important family)"—is a traditional title of Portuguese nobility that refers to a member of the titled or untitled nobility. A fidalgo is comparable in some ways to the French gentilhomme (the word also implies nobility by birth or by charge) and to the Italian nobile. The title was abolished after the overthrow of the Monarchy in 1910. It is also a family surname.
Government
- The Council of State (Portuguese: Conselho de Estado, IPA: [kõˈsɐʎu ðɨ (ɨ)ʃˈtaðu]) is an organ in Portugal. It was established by the constitution to advise the president in the exercise of many of his discretionary powers. The constitution states that it must be summoned by the president before he can dissolve the Assembly of the Republic or declare war or peace or if a government steps down. Members of the council are immune from prosecution, and they may not be brought before a court of law without prior agreement of the council to lift their immunity, and they are no longer serving on the council. Although there are notices about the existence of a Council of State in Portugal before 1385, the first permanent regiment for its functioning was established by King Sebastian through his charter of 8 September 1569. The Council of State continued to exist after the establishment of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1821. It was foreseen in the Portuguese Constitutions of 1822, 1826 and 1838. After the 5 October 1910 revolution that established the Republic in Portugal, the Council of State was abolished, not being foreseen in the Constitution of 1911. The Council of State was reestablished by the Constitution of 1933. It was again not foreseen by the Constitution of 1976. However, it was reestablished in 1984, following the revision of the Constitution of 1982.
- aicep Portugal Global - Trade & Investment Agency is a government business entity, created in 2007, focused in encouraging the best foreign companies to invest in Portugal and contribute to the success of Portuguese companies abroad in their internationalization processes or export activities. Resulting from the merger between API and Icep, former investment and economic promotion agencies, aicep Portugal Global ultimate goal is to promote a competitive business environment that stimulates the international expansion of our economy. - See more at: http://www.portugalglobal.pt/EN/AboutUs/Pages/AboutUs.aspx#sthash.v4w5SFTC.dpuf http://www.portugalglobal.pt/EN/Pages/Index.aspx
- A AICEP tem origem na Agência Portuguesa para o Investimento (API) criada pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 225/2002, de 30 de outubro de 2002. A API foi a primeira agência portuguesa a adoptar a figura da entidade pública empresarial (EPE).
- The Autoridade da Concorrência is the Portuguese name for the Portuguese competition authority, an organisation established to ensure fair commercial competition in Portugal.
Fátima (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfatimɐ]) is a civil parish in the municipality of Ourém, in the Portuguese Santarém District.The civil parish has been permanently associated with the Marian apparitions that were witnessed by three shepherd children at the Cova da Iria in 1917. The Catholic Church later recognized these events as "worthy of belief". A small chapel was built here in honor of Our Lady of Fátima, beginning in 1918, and a statue of her installed; the chapel and statue have since been enclosed within a large shrine and basilicas. Associated facilities, including a hotel and medical facility, have also been built over the decades at this site. Each year thousands of pilgrims visit the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima.The name of the town and parish is a rendition of the Arabic given name Fátima ( فاطمة Fāṭimah). (Fatimah is the namesake of Fatimah bint Muhammad, a daughter of the prophet of Islam Muhammad.)Fátima was said to be the name of a Moorish princess kidnapped by a knight, Gonçalo Hermigues, and his companions. Hermigues took her to a small village in the Serra de Aire hills, in the recently created Kingdom of Portugal. According to the Western Catholic narrative, Fatima fell in love with her kidnapper and decided to convert to Christianity in order to marry him. She was baptized and given a Christian name, Oureana. Arab sources, however, claim that Fátima was forced into Christianity, as were most Reconquista captives.
Lamego
- With origins before the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, Lamego is known for its historic city center, having a long history as a principal city of the former Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province. Legend holds that the first Portuguese Cortes were held in Lamego, in 1143.The Roman Catholic Diocese of Lamego is based in the city center. The toponomic name Lamego was derived from Lamaecus, a name Roman-Hispanic derivative to indicate the possessor of agrarian titles in the 3rd century around the local castle. The area around Lamego was inhabited by Ligures and Turduli, and during the Roman presence it was occupied by Coelerni, which left behind several monuments. Due to the placement of the castle, it is likely that a castro originally existed on the site. During the Inquirições (Inventory/Enquiries) of King Afonso (during the 13th century) there was reference to the Castro de Lameco, referred to as a medieval fortification. Destroyed by the Romans, the inhabitants were forced to descend into the valley and cultivate the land, as part of the Roman reorganization of the land. Lamego became Catholic when the Visigothic king Rekared I converted to Catholicism. In 569, during the Council of Lugo, there appeared references to Sardinário the Bishop of Lamego. During the reign of Sisebuto (612-621), the Visigothic monarch coined currency from Lamego, indicating the importance of the region to commerce and culture. Just outside the city center is the tiny 7th century São Pedro de Balsemão Chapel, a Visigothic chapel believed to be the oldest in Portugal (and second oldest in Europe). A region alternated between peace and war in the following years as Christians and Muslims fought the territory during the Reconquista, until Ferdinand I of León and Castile conquered the region definitively on 29 November 1057. As a consequence the bishopric was moved after these events (to later be restored in 1071). In 1128, the nascent national Egas Moniz, had his tenancy in Lamego while his residence was in Britiande, as master of the Riba–Douro, between Paiva and Távora (in addition to the lands of Côa). The most significant moment in the town's history was in 1139, when nobles declared Afonso Henriques to be Portugal's first king. The town's Gothic cathedral was built by him, although only the Romanesque tower is left from the original building, with its carved Renaissance portal and fine cloister dating from the 16th and 18th centuries. The 12th-century castle preserves a fine keep and a very old and unusual cistern with monograms of master masons. King Sancho I issued a charter of independence in 1191, as the local community grew around two poles: the ecclesiastical parishes of Sé and Castelo. In 1290, King Denis provided a market charter to the city, attracting merchants from Castile and Granada with their oriental spices and textiles. Lamego had a privileged positioned on the routes from western Iberia, as a transit point within the settlements of the Além-Douro, Braga and Guimarães, from Alcântara and Mérida to Córdoba and Seville. It was also one of the preferred routes on the Saint James Way pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. But, two events changed the economic and social circumstances in the region: the conquest of Granada which drove the last of the Moors from the Peninsula; and the discovery of the maritime connection to India, which resulted in a slow decline for the region.
- Mário Lemos Pires (30 June 1930 – 22 May 2009) was a Major-general of the Portuguese Army and the last colonial governor of Portuguese Timor. Born in Lamego, Portugal in 1930, Lemos Pires moved to Lisbon at age 18 to commence his studies at the Portuguese Military Academy. Following his graduation as an officer, he took up various overseas postings in the Portuguese Overseas Empire. In the 1960s Lemos Pires was posted to Algeria (then a French colony), where he studied French military counter-guerrilla techniques. After Algeria he was posted as part of the 114th Battalion to Portuguese Angola, which was in the midst of a conflict for independence, and where he took part in the early stages of the early colonial war. By the late 1960s, he was posted back to Portugal, where he administer physical education programs for the army, but was soon sent to Portuguese Guinea, under the command of Military Governor António de Spínola, raising to the rank of colonel.
納扎雷 Nazaré (Portuguese pronunciation: [nɐzɐˈɾɛ]) is a Portuguese municipality in Oeste region and Leiria District, in historical Estremadura province of Portugal. It is one of the most popular seaside resorts in the Silver Coast (Costa da Prata), Portugal. The earliest settlements were in Pederneira and in Sítio, above the beach. They provided the inhabitants with refuge against raids by Viking, later French, English and Dutch pirates, that lasted until as late as the beginning of the 19th century.[3] In fact, only in the 19th century, with the gradual end of maritime piracy, was possible for the people to start occupying the Praia which is today considered the town center. According to the Legend of Nazaré, the town derives its name from a small wooden statue of the Virgin Mary, a Black Madonna, brought by a monk in the 4th century from Nazareth, Holy Land, to a monastery near the city of Mérida, Spain. The statue was brought to its current place in 711 by another monk, Romano, accompanied by Roderic, the last Visigoth king of today's Portugal. After their arrival at the seaside they decided to become hermits. The monk lived and died in a small natural grotto, on top of a cliff above the sea. After his death and according to the monk's wishes, the king buried him in the grotto. Roderic left the statue of the Black Madonna in the grotto on an altar.
sintra
- The earliest remnants of human occupation were discovered in Penha Verde: these vestiges testify to an occupation dating to the early Paleolithic. Comparable remnants were discovered in an open-air site in São Pedro de Canaferrim, alongside the chapel of the Castelo dos Mouros (Moorish Castle), dating back to the Neolithic, and include decorated ceramics and microlithic flint utensils from the fifth century B.C. Ceramic fragments found locally including many late Chalcolithic vases from the Sintra mountains suggest that between the fourth and third millennia B.C. the region (adjacent to the present village of Sintra) was occupied by a Neolithic/Chalcolithic settlement, with characteristics comparable to fortified settlements in Lisbon and Setúbal.Close proximity to a large commercial centre (Olisipo) founded by Turduli tribes in the first half of the first millennium A.D., meant that the region of Sintra was influenced by human settlement throughout various epochs, cultures that have left remains in the area to this day. The toponym Sintra derives from the medieval Suntria, and points to an association with radical Indo-European cultures; the word translates into bright star or sun, commonly significant in those cultures. Marcus Terentius Varro and Cadizian Lucio Junio Moderato Columela designated the place the sacred mountain and Ptolemy referred to it as the mountains of the moon.
- EuroAtlantic Airways has its head office in Sintra.
- note the crescent and star in coat of arms
Overseas territories
- Terceira (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɨɾˈsɐjɾɐ]), also referred to as the “Ilha Lilás” (the “lilac” or “violet” island), is an island in the Azores archipelago, in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean.
- Visited by premier li keqiang in sep16
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20161002/00178_020.html位於大西洋的葡萄牙領土特塞拉島，早年曾是美軍跨大西洋軍事行動的重要跳板，惟近年駐島美軍大幅下滑。美媒報道指，近日有美國眾議院議員警告國防部長，稱中國計劃在該島設立物流和情報中心，甚至作軍事用途。據報中葡兩國已就特塞拉島事宜進行交流，探討內容不僅包括拉日什空軍基地，更包括島上港口。
Institutions/associations
- The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa; abbreviated as CPLP), occasionally known in English as the Lusophone Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language, mostly of former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. The CPLP operates as a privileged multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments of its members, on both executive and ministerial levels, non-governmental organizations, and the various branches of the CPLP itself.
- established on 17jul1997
- hkej 20mar18 shum article
- portuguese institute of international relations and security http://www.ipris.org/
- camoes institute
- acting under oversight of portugal's ministry of foreign affairs, camoes institute is the institution responsible for promoting portuguese language outside of portugal
- Fundação Oriente (Orient Foundation) http://www.foriente.pt/
- commodities
- The International Copper Study Group (ICSG) is an intergovernmental organisation of copper producing and consuming states that functions as the international commodity board for copper. Its main purpose is to increase copper market transparency and promote international discussions and cooperation on issues related to copper. As of 2015, ICSG Share in the World Copper Market represents 76 percent of world copper mine production, 84 percent of world copper refined production and 81 percent of the world copper refined usage. The creation of the ICSG was negotiated in 1989 in Geneva and was agreed to in a multilateral treaty known as the Agreement establishing the Terms of Reference of the International Copper Study Group. The ICSG came into existence on 23 January 1992, with headquarters in Lisbon, Portugal.
- The International Nickel Study Group (INSG) is an autonomous, intergovernmental organization established in 1990 and located in Lisbon, Portugal. Membership comprises nickel producing, using and trading countries. The INSG has no provision for market stabilization activities or market intervention of any kind.http://www.insg.org/insg.aspx
- the International Lead and Zinc Study Group (ILZSG)
- APIC - the portuguese leather association
- wine
- Federação Nacional das Adegas Cooperativas de Portugal
- ViniPortugal www.viniportugal.pt
- Regional Wine & Vine Commission (Comissao Vitivinicola Regional, CVR)
- publishing
- Im European Publishers Council (EPC; Europäischer Verlegerrat) treffen sich seit 1991 die Geschäftsführer großer europäischer, transnationaler Medienkonzerne. Ziele sind das Entwickeln langfristiger wirtschaftsfreundlicher Strategien und die Organisation von Treffen mit Mitgliedern der europäischen Kommission und des Parlaments um die Richtung des Integrationsprozesses innerhalb der EU zu gestalten. Unter seinen 28 Vollmitgliedern sind Axel Springer SE, Financial Times, Reuters, Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck, Gruner + Jahr, Ringier, u. a. Der Sitz ist in Lissabon. Europe Analytica ist das Lobbyisten-Büro in Brüssel.
Company
- bank
- Banco Espirito Santo de Investments, http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1655777/haitong-talks-buy-banco-espirito-santos-investment-banking-unit, http://www.ft.com/intl/fastft/246211/portugals-novo-banco-talks-with-haitong, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-12-04/haitong-securities-in-talks-to-buy-portuguese-investment-bank.html, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/04/us-banco-espirito-santo-haitong-sec-idUSKCN0JI0ZB20141204
- novo banco
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4354de1c-0621-11e5-b676-00144feabdc0.html say Fosun or Anbang to most Europeans and they will probably shrug. But this could be about to change as the two acquisitive Chinese groups continue to snap up assets across Europe’s struggling financial services sector. The main battleground is in Portugal, where China has become the biggest source of foreign direct investment. By the end of June, Fosun International and Anbang Insurance are expected to submit the highest final bids for Novo Banco, the country’s third-biggest bank by assets.
- http://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/anbang-ganha-vantagem-na-compra-do-novo-banco_226184.html A seguradora chinesa Anbang ganhou uma vantagem que poderá ser decisiva na compra do Novo Banco. O grupo foi convidado pelo Banco de Portugal a negociar a sua proposta, tal como avançado ontem pela edição online do Jornal de Negócios. Tal não significa que o vencedor esteja escolhido, porque formalmente a instituição liderada por Carlos Costa não excluiu os restantes candidatos - Apollo e Fosun - e admite poder vir a falar com ambos mais tarde, caso os contactos com a Anbang não produzam os resultados desejados.
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/310eea0c-5083-11e5-b029-b9d50a74fd14.html A multibillion-euro bid by China’s Anbang Insurance to buy Novo Banco, the Portuguese lender salvaged from the ruins of Banco Espírito Santo, has collapsed, opening the way for a possible deal with Fosun International, another Chinese group, or Apollo Global Management, a US private equity group.
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ef10f0e2-5b8f-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html
Portugal has cancelled a multibillion-euro auction of Novo Banco, the so-called good bank carved out of the ruins of Banco Espírito Santo, after rejecting offers from Chinese and US bidders as too low.- MINSHENG BANK (01988.HK) expressed to Banco de Portugal's liquidation fund its intention to acquire Novo Banco
- BNI Europa is today the digital bank in Portugal
- https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3039119/hong-kong-king-wai-buys-portuguese-digital-bank-bni-europa Conglomerate Hong Kong King Wai Group has acquired a digital bank based in Portugal, in a move motivated by Beijing’s push to forge closer business ties with Portuguese-speaking economies and the rising demand from Hongkongers seeking permanent residency in Europe amid escalating unrest in their home city.The group secured the approval of the European Central Bank in early October to acquire over 80 per cent of BNI Europa, which has assets and deposits of about 500 million euros (US$554 million) and operates in 13 European countries including Germany and the UK. Hong Kong King Wai did not disclose how much it paid.
- retail
- Sonae (Sonae SGPS, S.A.) is a Portuguese retail company (Sonae MC and Sonae SR) with two big partnerships in the shopping centres areas (Sonae Sierra) and the Software and Information Systems, Media and Telecommunications (Sonaecom). Sonae was founded in 1959, in Maia, Portugal in the engineered wood business and more specifically the production of high-pressure decorative laminates, by the businessman, banker and patron from Arouca, Afonso Pinto de Magalhães.
- energy
- EDP - Energias de Portugal (formerly Electricidade de Portugal) ranks among Europe's major electricity operators, as well as being one of Portugal's largest business groups. The Group became the first Iberian company to own significant generating and distribution assets in both sides of the border, with a controlling position in the Spanish company HC Energía, and it is also present in the electricity sectors of Latin America – with a major presence in the United States, Brazil, Africa and Macau, in the generation, distribution and trading businesses. The EDP Group's activities are centered on the generation and distribution of electric power, as well as the information technologies areas. In addition, the group's business includes complementary and related areas, such as water, gas, engineering, laboratory testing, vocational training and real estate management. It once had businesses in the IT consulting (Edinfor) and telecommunications (ONI Telecom) sectors, but these were sold, respectively, to Logica and the private equity group The Riverside Company.
- 葡萄牙電力公司（EDP）的股東周三（24日）拒絕中國長江三峽集團取消單一股東投票權上限的要求，意味該集團九十一億歐元（約七百九十七億港元）的收購提案終止。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190426/00178_014.html
- The Galp Group is a Portuguese corporation which consists of more than 100 companies engaged in activities such as natural gas supply, regasification, transport, storage, and distribution; petroleum products exploration, production, refining, trading, logistics and retailing; co-generation and renewable energy. SACOR, CIDLA, SONAP, PETROSUL, and PETROGAL were the main Portuguese companies from which current-day GALP was born. SACOR was one of the first Portuguese oil companies. In 1954, SACOR's activities extended to Portugal's overseas territories; 80% of the gasoline, kerosene, and gasoil transported into the Portuguese overseas province of Angola had to be refined on continental Portugal's territory. The Portuguese discovered oil in their overseas province of Angola in the 1950s. Portuguese-run Sociedade de Lubrificantes e Combustiveis (ANGOL) was set up in 1953 in Portuguese Angola. By the 1960s, it was also participating in the exploration for hydrocarbons. In 1957, SACOR participated in the establishment of another oil company, MOÇACOR, in the Portuguese overseas province of Mozambique. After the Carnation Revolution military coup in 1974, Portugal handed over power to its overseas provinces. In Portugal, PETROGAL was formed in April 1976 from four Portuguese companies —SACOR, CIDLA, SONAP, and PETROSUL — that were nationalized following the revolution of April 1974. Galp Energia's initial public offering on the Lisbon Stock Exchange took place in 2006.
- https://www.ft.com/content/554f5642-6424-11e8-90c2-9563a0613e56 Mozambique is ready to fill a looming gap in global supplies of liquefied natural gas but must avoid the cost overruns that have plagued Australian LNG projects, says the chief executive of Galp. Carlos Gomes da Silva said the “next decade should be the Mozambique decade,” as the east African country brings its first LNG to market from 2022 onwards. Galp of Portugal has a 10 per stake in the Coral South gas project in Mozambique, which was given the go-ahead last year together with partners including Eni of Italy and Kogas of South Korea.
- payment solution
- Portugal’s largest listed bank Millennium bcp:* Says in a statement it had signed an agreement with China’s electronic payments clearing system UnionPay to become the first European issuer of UnionPay cards in Europe* Partnership initiated by BCP’s largest shareholder, China’s Fosun* To be able to issue cards in Portugal and other countries where the bank is present, including Poland, Switzerland, Angola and Mozambique.https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-millennium-bcp-signs-deal-to-launc/brief-millennium-bcp-signs-deal-to-launch-unionpay-cards-in-europe-idUSL8N1NQ2G4
- critical software http://www.criticalsoftware.com/, rail management software for London Underground, railway networks of the Netherlands, Norway, Finland and Denmark, also solutions for NASA and ESA
- SISCOG http://www.siscog.pt/, solutions esp for rail companies
Food
- national fish - bacalhau (salt cod)
Government http://www.portugalglobal.pt/EN/Pages/Index.aspx
- National strategic reference framework http://www.qren.pt/np4/home
People
- John VI (Portuguese: João VI;[1][2] 13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826), nicknamed "the Clement", was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1825. Although the United Kingdom over which he ruled ceased to exist de facto beginning in 1822, he remained its monarch de jure between 1822 and 1825. After the recognition of Brazilian independence under the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro of 1825, he continued as King of Portugal and the Algarves until his death in 1826. Under the same treaty, he also became titular Emperor of Brazil for life, while his son, Pedro I of Brazil, was both de facto and de jure the monarch of the newly-independent country. Born in Lisbon in 1767, the son of Maria I and Peter III of Portugal, he was originally an infante (prince, but not heir to the throne) of Portugal. He only became heir to the throne when his older brother José, Prince of Brazil, died of smallpox in 1788 at the age of 27. Before his accession to the Portuguese throne, John VI bore the titles Duke of Braganza and Duke of Beja, as well as Prince of Brazil. From 1799, he served as prince regent of Portugal (and later, from 1815, as prince regent of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves), due to the mental illness of his mother, Queen Maria I. In 1816, he succeeded his mother as monarch of the Portuguese Empire, with no real change in his authority, since he already possessed absolute powers as regent. One of the last representatives of absolute monarchy in Europe, he lived during a turbulent period; his reign never saw a lasting peace. Throughout his period of rule, major powers, such as Spain, France and Great Britain, continually intervened in Portuguese affairs. Forced to flee to South America across the Atlantic Ocean into Brazil when troops of the Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, he found himself faced there with liberal revolts; he was compelled to return to Europe amid new conflicts. His marriage was no less conflictual, as his wife, Carlota Joaquina of Spain, repeatedly conspired against her husband in favor of personal interests or those of her native Spain. He lost Brazil when his son Pedro declared independence, and his other son Miguel (later Miguel I of Portugal) led a rebellion that sought to depose him. According to recent scholarly research, his death may well have been caused by arsenic poisoning. Notwithstanding these tribulations he left a lasting mark, especially in Brazil, where he helped to create numerous institutions and services that laid a foundation for national autonomy, and he is considered by many historians to be a true mastermind of the modern Brazilian state. Still, he has been widely (if unjustly) viewed as a cartoonish figure in Portuguese-Brazilian history, accused of laziness, lack of political acumen and constant indecision, and is often portrayed as physically grotesque.
- There is also a funny interesting story when the King of Portugal Pedro IV (Pedro I of Brazil) was invited to be the king of Greece and his son as well. He refused in order to be the King of Brazil… He could be the King of Brazil, Greece, and Portugal but I believe it was too far to manage so many countries. You can read in Portuguese https://www.quora.com/What-do-Portuguese-people-think-about-Greece-and-Greeks
- João Franco Ferreira Pinto Castelo-Branco, GCTE (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ ˈfɾɐ̃ku]; (14 February 1855 in Alcaide, Fundão – 4 April 1929 in Anadia) was a Portuguese politician, minister, 43rd Minister for Treasury Affairs (14 January 1890) and 73rd Prime Minister, in the last years of the Portuguese monarchy.He was the son of Frederico Carlos Ferreira Franco Freire (16 January 1829 – 1909), a nobleman of the Royal Household, and Luísa Henriqueta Pinto Correia da Costa Castelo-Branco (1835–1893).He married Maria Lívia Ferrari Schindler (1858–1950), of Swiss German and Italian descent, 915th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa of Spain (3 November 1893), daughter of Gaspar Schindler and Maria Lívia Ferrari, both born and married in Lisbon, and had a son Frederico Gaspar Schindler Franco Castelo-Branco (18 March 1888 – 3 January 1931), married on 22 May 1919 to Maria Rita de Sá Pais do Amaral (14 September 1897 – 27 July 1926), daughter of the 5th Counts of Anadia
- probably the great grandfather of michael franco in hk (兄弟幫26and 27jul18, restaurant business, lives in sai kung)
- appledaily 27dec18
- António de Oliveira Salazar GCTE GCSE GColIH GCIC (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He was responsible for the Estado Novo("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974.A trained economist, Salazar entered public life with the support of President Óscar Carmona after the Portuguese coup d'état of 28 May 1926, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister. Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, the ideology of Portugal was conservative and nationalist in nature under his rule. Salazar also promoted Catholicism, but argued that the role of the Church was social, not political, and negotiated the Concordat of 1940. One of the mottos of the Salazar regime was "Deus, Pátria e Familia" (meaning "God, Fatherland, and Family"). With the Estado Novo enabling him to exercise vast political powers, Salazar used heavy-handed censorship and a ubiquitous secret police to quell opposition, especially that related to the Communist movement. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War, and played a key role in keeping Portugal and Spain neutral during World War II. During his rule, despite the authoritarian regime, Portugal took part in the foundation of important international organizations. Portugal was one of the 12 founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949, joined the European Payments Union in 1950, and was one of the founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960, and a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1961. Under his rule Portugal also joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1962, and began the Portuguese Colonial War. The doctrine of Pluricontinentalism was the basis of his territorial policy, a conception of the Portuguese Empire as a unified state that spanned multiple continents. The Estado Novo collapsed during the Carnation Revolution of 1974, four years after Salazar's death. Evaluations of his regime have varied, with supporters praising his regime's outcomes and critics denouncing its methods.
- salazar's new state embraced the self defintion of a multicontinental and christian nation extending over three continents. Some propaganda posters of salazar's period put a map of portugal, angola and mozambique on the background of a european map.
- Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmaɾiu suˈaɾɨʃ]; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996. Soares was the son of João Lopes Soares (Leiria, Arrabal, 17 November 1878 – Lisbon, Campo Grande, 31 July 1970), founder of the Colégio Moderno in Lisbon, government minister and then anti-fascist republican activist who had been a priest for some time before marrying Elisa Nobre Baptista (Santarém, Pernes, 8 September 1887 – Lisbon, Campo Grande, 28 February 1955), Mário Soares's mother, at the 7th Conservatory of the Civil Register of Lisbon on 5 September 1934. His father also had another son by an unknown mother named Tertuliano Lopes Soares. His mother had previously been married and had two children, J. Nobre Baptista and Cândido Nobre Baptista. Mário Soares was raised as a Roman Catholic, but came to identify himself as a republican, laic and socialist.While a student at University, Soares joined the Portuguese Communist Party, being responsible for the youth section. In this capacity, he organised demonstrations in Lisbon to celebrate the end of WWII. He was first arrested by PIDE, the Portuguese political police, in 1946, when he was a member of the Central Committee of the Movement of Democratic Unity (Portuguese: Movimento de Unidade Democrática), at the time chaired by Mário Azevedo Gomes. Soares was arrested twice in 1949. On those latter occasions, he was the secretary of General Norton de Matos, a candidate for the Presidency. However, he became estranged from Norton de Matos, when the latter discovered Soares's Communist sympathies. Soares married Maria de Jesus Barroso Soares, an actress, on 22 February 1949, while in the Aljube prison, at the 3rd Conservatory of the Civil Register of Lisbon. They have a son, the former Mayor of Lisbon João Soares, and a daughter, Isabel Barroso Soares, b. 1951, who manages the Colégio Moderno. Soares's multiple arrests for political activism made it impossible for him to continue with his career as a lecturer of history and philosophy. Therefore, he decided to study law and become an attorney.On 25 April 1974, elements of the Portuguese Army seized power in Lisbon, overthrowing Salazar's successor, Marcelo Caetano. Soares and other political exiles returned home to celebrate what was called the "Carnation Revolution." In the provisional government which was formed after the revolution, led by the Movement of the Armed Forces (MFA), Soares became minister for overseas negotiations, charged with organising the independence of Portugal's overseas colonies. Among other encounters, he met with Samora Machel, the leader of Frelimo, to negotiate the independence of Mozambique.Within months of the revolution however (and in spite of the April 1975 Constituent Assembly election results which gave victory to the Socialist Party and clearly favored the pro-democracy political parties), it became apparent that the Portuguese Communist Party, allied with a radical group of officers in the MFA, was attempting to extend its control over the government. The Prime Minister, Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves, was accused of being an agent of the Communists and a bitter confrontation developed between the Socialists and Communists over control of the newspaper República. President Francisco da Costa Gomes dismissed Vasco Gonçalves in September 1975 and a failed far-left coup in late November ended the far-left influence in Portuguese government and politics. After the approval of the 1976 Constitution, a democratic government was finally established when national elections were held on 25 April 1976.
- Soares again became Prime Minister following the 1983 elections, holding office until late 1985. His main achievement in office was negotiating Portugal's entry into the European Economic Community. Portugal at the time was very wary of integrating itself into the EEC, and Soares almost single-handedly turned public opinion around.
- Carmen Amado Mendes,
http://www.ces.uc.pt/investigadores/cv/carmen_amado_mendes.php, researched on macau, one country two systems, EU China relations
- Bruno Maçães, secretary of state for europe
- brazil linked
- leitao
Trade and investment environment
-http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/89259f9a-b92b-11e5-bf7e-8a339b6f2164.html Portugal has collided head-on with international investors over a controversial decision to restructure one of the country’s biggest banks as the new Socialist government tries to balance a business-friendly environment with a pledge to end years of punishing austerity. Some of the world’s biggest bond investors have threatened legal action after the Bank of Portugal imposed losses on almost €2bn of senior debt at Novo Banco. Moves to alter or annul deals in the transport sector, including privatising the national airline, have sparked similar protests from angered foreign companies.
Property market- Bruno Maçães, secretary of state for europe
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e89fee7a-8a38-11e5-90de-f44762bf9896.html The artificial separation of Europe and Asia cannot hold in today’s interconnected world. Halford Mackinder, the British academic who was the father of modern geopolitics, pointed out that, where Asia merges with Europe, there is no equivalent to the strong natural frontiers of the Sahara and the Himalayas. Intriguingly, he also suggested the reason we have never come to think of Asia and Europe as one continent is that seafarers were unable to make the voyage around it. But old habits are dying, and every day we Europeans come closer to realising how much is at stake in those border territories. There is only one way for Europe to escape its geopolitical trap: it too must embrace its Eurasian vocation. Turkish diplomats have been calling for this in the past two years. The shooting down this week by Turkey of a Russian jet accused of violating its air space, and the Russian threat of “serious consequences”, shows Ankara cannot be left alone to face Kremlin attempts to control the traditional gates of Europe.
- António Luís Santos da Costa GCIH (born 17 July 1961) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician serving as the 119th and current Prime Minister of Portugal since 26 November 2015. Previously, he was Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 1995 to 1999, Minister of Justicefrom 1999 to 2002, Minister of Internal Administration from 2005 to 2007, and Mayor of Lisbon from 2007 to 2015. He was elected as Secretary General of the Socialist Party in September 2014. Costa was born in 1961 in São Sebastião da Pedreira, Lisbon, the son of writer Orlando da Costa (born in Maputo to a family of Goanextraction) and of journalist Maria Antónia Palla.[2] He is a Person of Indian Origin.
- brazil linked
- Fernão Cardim (Viana do Alentejo, c. 1549 — arredores de Salvador, 27 de janeiro de 1625) foi um jesuíta português. Tendo entrado para a Companhia de Jesus em 1566, embarcou para o Brasil em 1583, como secretário do visitador da companhia, visitando as regiões que hoje pertencem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Eleito procurador pela província do Brasil em 1598, voltou a Portugal. Quando do seu regresso ao Brasil em 1601, foi aprisionado pelo corsário inglês Francis Cook. Após a sua libertação, voltou ao Brasil em 1604, como provincial da companhia, cargo que desempenhou até 1609.
- Pero de Magalhães Gândavo (Braga, c 1540 -.. C 1580)1 fue un historiador y cronista portugués.El hijo de padres de la ciudad flamenca de Gante, de ahí su apodo Gandavo, nació en Braga en una fecha desconocida, probablemente en torno a 1540. Fue profesor de latín y portugués en el norte de Portugal.Autor del famoso libro "Historia de la Provincia de Santa Cruz que comúnmente llamamos Brasil", publicado en Lisboa por Antonio Goncalves, 1576 que habla de una serie de cuestiones locales, como los animales, que eran en gran parte desconocida para los europeos: el Papa- hormigas, armadillos, un número de aves, insectos y peces exóticos se describen con admiración, asombro y extrañeza. Incluso describir un monstruo marino supone que apareció en la capitanía de S. Vicente, y que fue asesinado por la ciudad portuguesa. (other available wiki versions: portuguese, catalan, romanian, bulgarian)
- Paulo de Sacadura Cabral Portas (born 12 September 1962, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpawlu ˈpɔɾtɐʃ]), is a Portuguese media and political figure, who has, since the 1990s, been Portugal's leading conservative politician. He was the leader of Portugal's only politically to-the-right major party, the CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP) from 1998-2005 and 2007-2016, on whose lists he was elected to the Portuguese Parliament in every legislative election between 1995 and 2015. He was Deputy Prime Minister from 2013 to 2015, Minister of State and Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2013, and Minister of Defence from 2002 to 2005, all three times in coalitions of the PSD and his CDS-PP. Portas withdrew from politics in 2016 and is rumored to run for president of the Portuguese republic in 2026.
families
- received honours from spain, poland, mexico, romania and peru
- leitao
- 出身於葡萄牙顯赫家族Leitao的黎婉華，父親是當年澳門的著名律師，亦是當地唯一的公證人，在澳門擁有大量物業https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20200526/00176_026.html
Trade and investment environment
-http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/89259f9a-b92b-11e5-bf7e-8a339b6f2164.html Portugal has collided head-on with international investors over a controversial decision to restructure one of the country’s biggest banks as the new Socialist government tries to balance a business-friendly environment with a pledge to end years of punishing austerity. Some of the world’s biggest bond investors have threatened legal action after the Bank of Portugal imposed losses on almost €2bn of senior debt at Novo Banco. Moves to alter or annul deals in the transport sector, including privatising the national airline, have sparked similar protests from angered foreign companies.
- http://www.scmp.com/property/international/article/1698392/rich-chinese-among-foreigners-snapping-homes-portugal Portugal's property market continues to expand at double digit rates thanks to foreign buyers, including China's new rich, despite a graft scandal over visas used to lure in rich non-Europeans. More than one in five residences sold in Portugal last year was bought by a foreigner, according to data by the Portuguese Real Estate Agents Association. Britons were in top place among the 23,000 buyers, followed by Chinese and French. "The property market grew by between 9 and 15 per cent in 2014," said the head of the association, Luis Lima. "If it hadn't been for the Banco Espirito Santo debacle and the golden visas scandal it would have been 25 per cent."
Immigration
- Golden Residence Permit (came into effect in 2012).
- obtain residence by just purchasing real estate, obtain initial permit in 1 year, then renew at 3rd and 5th year, in sixth year can apply for Portuguese citizenship and passport
- visiting requirement 7 days per year
- a simple portuguese language test
- 葡萄牙前內政部長馬塞多（Miguel Macedo）涉嫌幫助一個由高官和房產中介組成的網絡，向外國投資者批發「黃金簽證」從中獲利，醜聞爆出後於二○一四年辭職。他與多名涉事者及公司被控貪污、洗錢、以權謀私等多項罪名，法院周五判他罪名不成立。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190105/00178_020.html
- cases
- Jason Gillott, a UK businessman, who called settling in Portugal a “trauma”, paid €30,000 (US$33,204) to €40,000 more because he was unfamiliar with the rules when he moved there with his family in 2018.First, his wife, who is Russian, found it difficult to secure a long-term visa. Then, he encountered trouble with the tax assessment and was asked to pay more for a reassessment. Gillott wanted to retain European Union citizenship for himself and his children, and secure it for his wife.On joining various expat clubs in Portugal, he found out that Chinese investors often encounter similar issues. In some cases, they only got one year of residency as the properties they had invested in were not qualified for a golden visa. These investors had to make fresh investments or give up their chance of becoming permanent residents of Portugal.https://www.scmp.com/business/article/3049070/hong-kong-resident-finds-portugal-visa-scheme-property-investors-anything?
Wine
- types of red grapes
- Baga
- Castelao
- Tinta Roriz Aragones
- Touriga Franca
- Touriga Nacional
- Trincadeira Tinta Amarela
- Alvarinho
- Arinto Pederna
- Encruzado
- Fernao Pires Maria Gomes
- Wines of Portugal tasting room (in Lisbon and Oporto) http://www.winesofportugal.com/en/travel-wine/wine-travel/wines-of-portugal-tasing-rooms/
- Acores www.cvracores.pt
- Alentejo www.vinhosdoalentejo.pt
- Algarve www.vinhosdoalgarve.pt
- Bairrada www.rotabairrada.pt
- Beira Interior www.cvrbi.pt
- Dao and Lafoes www.cvrdao.pt
- Lisboa www.vinhosdelisboa.pt
- Madeira www.vinhomadeira.pt
- Minho www.vinhoverde.pt
- Porto and Douro www.rvp.pt
- Setubal and Palmela www.rotavinhospsetubal.com
- Tejo www.rotavinhostejo.com or www.cvrtejo.pt
- Tras-Os-Montes www.cvrtm.pt
- Tavora Varosa mail: rotavinhascister@sapo.pt
national anthem
- "A Portuguesa" (The Portuguese [song], Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]) is the national anthem of Portugal. The song was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing "Hino da Carta" (Hymn of the Charter), the anthem of the deposed constitutional monarchy.On 11 January 1890, the United Kingdom issued the 1890 British Ultimatum demanding that Portugal refrain from occupying land lying between the Portuguese colonies of Angola, on the west coast of Africa, and Mozambique, on the east coast, thereby forming one contiguous polity (as proposed on the Pink Map). Despite a popular uproar, the Portuguese government was forced to accept the U.K.'s demands. This contributed to the unpopularity of King Carlos I and the monarchy, and it garnered support for the increasingly popular republican movement in Portugal.The night after the ultimatum was accepted, composer Alfredo Keil, at the suggestion of a group of friends that included Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro and Teófilo Braga, wrote the melody for "A Portuguesa" as a patriotic protest march. Inspired by the outrage felt by the Portuguese people, the lyricist, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, accepted Keil's request to create words to suit his melody. Mendonça said "A Portuguesa" was a song "where the fatherland's wounded soul would merge with its ambitions of freedom and revival"; he hoped it would be an anthem, embraced by the people, that could express their yearning for national vindication. Such expressions are epitomized by "La Marseillaise", the Portuguese fado, and "Hino da Maria da Fonte" (The Maria da Fonte anthem). The march was quickly disseminated; several thousands of copies of the sheet music were freely distributed, together with fliers and posters. The song's popularity also spread across national borders, and verses were translated into other languages.1891年1月31日，共和主义者在葡萄牙北部城市波尔图发动革命，高唱此曲。后來革命被镇压，歌曲亦被取缔。1910年10月5日，革命成功推翻布拉干薩王朝，廢除君主制，建立葡萄牙共和国。1911年，此曲正式立法成为葡萄牙的国歌。
portuguese (people)
- The bulk of the Portuguese DNA (> 80%) is really defined by those most ancient peoples, particularly the Early European farmers originally from Anatolia (modern Turkey), and the Indo-European-speaking newcomers who probably came from Central Europe and, thence, ultimately from the Pontic-Caspian steppes of Ukraine and Russia. What is certain is that the Portuguese have a fascinating demographic history and are very mixed, what certainly explains the amazing variety of looks found in Portugal now.https://www.quora.com/Are-the-Portuguese-a-mix-of-moors-barbarians-Vikings-and-Gaelic
- "A Portuguesa" (The Portuguese [song], Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]) is the national anthem of Portugal. The song was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing "Hino da Carta" (Hymn of the Charter), the anthem of the deposed constitutional monarchy.On 11 January 1890, the United Kingdom issued the 1890 British Ultimatum demanding that Portugal refrain from occupying land lying between the Portuguese colonies of Angola, on the west coast of Africa, and Mozambique, on the east coast, thereby forming one contiguous polity (as proposed on the Pink Map). Despite a popular uproar, the Portuguese government was forced to accept the U.K.'s demands. This contributed to the unpopularity of King Carlos I and the monarchy, and it garnered support for the increasingly popular republican movement in Portugal.The night after the ultimatum was accepted, composer Alfredo Keil, at the suggestion of a group of friends that included Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro and Teófilo Braga, wrote the melody for "A Portuguesa" as a patriotic protest march. Inspired by the outrage felt by the Portuguese people, the lyricist, Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, accepted Keil's request to create words to suit his melody. Mendonça said "A Portuguesa" was a song "where the fatherland's wounded soul would merge with its ambitions of freedom and revival"; he hoped it would be an anthem, embraced by the people, that could express their yearning for national vindication. Such expressions are epitomized by "La Marseillaise", the Portuguese fado, and "Hino da Maria da Fonte" (The Maria da Fonte anthem). The march was quickly disseminated; several thousands of copies of the sheet music were freely distributed, together with fliers and posters. The song's popularity also spread across national borders, and verses were translated into other languages.1891年1月31日，共和主义者在葡萄牙北部城市波尔图发动革命，高唱此曲。后來革命被镇压，歌曲亦被取缔。1910年10月5日，革命成功推翻布拉干薩王朝，廢除君主制，建立葡萄牙共和国。1911年，此曲正式立法成为葡萄牙的国歌。
portuguese (people)
- The bulk of the Portuguese DNA (> 80%) is really defined by those most ancient peoples, particularly the Early European farmers originally from Anatolia (modern Turkey), and the Indo-European-speaking newcomers who probably came from Central Europe and, thence, ultimately from the Pontic-Caspian steppes of Ukraine and Russia. What is certain is that the Portuguese have a fascinating demographic history and are very mixed, what certainly explains the amazing variety of looks found in Portugal now.https://www.quora.com/Are-the-Portuguese-a-mix-of-moors-barbarians-Vikings-and-Gaelic
- https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Portuguese-people-look-more-Germanic-than-Latino
portuguese (language)
- https://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-etymological-reason-why-Portuguese-words-ending-in-%C3%A3o-have-three-different-plurals
- https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-the-Portuguese-word-saudade-is-the-only-word-among-all-languages-with-that-meaning
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-differences-between-Portugals-Portuguese-language-and-Brazils-Portuguese-language
- surname
- links with japanese
- Azulejo (Portuguese: [ɐzuˈleʒu, ɐzuˈlɐjʒu], Spanish: [aθuˈlexo]; from the Arabic az-zallīj, الزليج) is a form of Portuguese and Spanishpainted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. Azulejos are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even railways or subway stations. They were not only used as an ornamental art form, but also had a specific functional capacity like temperature control in homes. There is also a tradition of their production in former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in North America, South America, Goa, Lusophone Africa, East Timor and the Philippines. Azulejos found particular success also in Liguria (Italy), due to the close relationships between both Christian and Islamic territories of the Iberian peninsula and the Republic of Genoa. Being imported at first (in most cases from Seville or the Nasrid Granada), they started to be produced in situ during the next centuries. Ligurian-made tiles inspired by azulejos are known as laggioin in Ligurian (IPA: [laˈdʒwiŋ]; sing. laggion) and, from this language, laggioni in Italian (IPA: [ladˈdʒoːni]; sing. laggione). Azulejos still constitute a major aspect of Portuguese architecture as they are applied on walls, floors and even ceilings. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese history.The word azulejo (as well as the Ligurian laggion[3]) is derived from the Arabic الزليج (az-zulayj): zellige, meaning "polished stone" because the original idea was to imitate the Byzantine and Roman mosaics. This origin shows the unmistakable Persian influences in many tiles: interlocking curvilinear, geometric or floral motifs. The craft of zellige is still in use in the Arab world in two main traditions the "Egyptian Zalij" and the "North African Zellige", the latter being the most famous. The Spanish city of Seville became the major centre of the Hispano-Moresque tile industry. The earliest azulejos in the 13th century were alicatados (panels of tile-mosaic).[4] Tiles were glazed in a single colour, cut into geometric shapes, and assembled to form geometric patterns. Many examples can be admired in the Alhambra of Granada.[5] The old techniques of cuerda seca ('dry string') and cuenca developed in Seville in the 15th century. These techniques were introduced into Portugal by king Manuel I after a visit to Seville in 1503. They were applied on walls and used for paving floors, such as can be seen in several rooms, and especially the Arab Room of the Sintra National Palace (including the famous cuenca tiles with the armillary sphere, symbol of king Manuel I). The Portuguese adopted the Moorish tradition of horror vacui ('fear of empty spaces') and covered the walls completely with azulejos.
Literature
- Luís Vaz de Camões (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈiʒ ˈvaʒ dɨ kaˈmõjʃ]; sometimes rendered in English as Camoens or Camoëns (e.g. by Byron in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers), /ˈkæm
- Jorge de Montemor (Spanish: Jorge de Montemayor) (1520? – 26 February 1561) was a Portuguese novelist and poet, who wrote almost exclusively in Spanish. His most famous work is a pastoral prose romance, the Diana (1559).
- José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛ ðɨ ˈsozɐ sɐɾɐˈmaɣu]; 16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the theopoetic human factor.Saramago did not achieve widespread recognition and acclaim until he was sixty, with the publication of his fourth novel, Memorial do Convento. A baroque tale set during the Inquisition in 18th-century Lisbon, it tells of the love between a maimed soldier and a young clairvoyant, and of a renegade priest's heretical dream of flight. The novel's translation in 1988 as Baltasar and Blimunda (by Giovanni Pontiero) brought Saramago to the attention of an international readership. This novel won the Portuguese PEN Club Award. Saramago joined the Portuguese Communist Party in 1969 and remained a member until the end of his life. He was a self-confessed pessimist. His views aroused considerable controversy in Portugal, especially after the publication of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ. Members of the country's Catholic community were outraged by Saramago's representation of Jesus and particularly God as fallible, even cruel human beings. Portugal's conservative government, led by then-prime minister Cavaco Silva, did not allow Saramago's work to compete for the Aristeion Prize, arguing that it offended the Catholic community. As a result, Saramago and his wife moved to Lanzarote, an island in the Canaries.
Culture
- Fado (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfaðu]; "destiny, fate") is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best.
diaspora
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170503/00176_038.html亞太區葡僑委員會引述葡國葡僑事務國務秘書表示，葡國政府預計今年可能將葡國公民證有效期，由目前的五年延長至十年。葡僑委員會常設委員會並建議葡國政府，同樣延長葡國護照的有效期至十年。另外，葡僑事務國務秘書表示，未來將繼續從基礎教育開始，支持澳門的葡文教育，並讚揚澳門政府為在葡國接受高等教育的澳門學生提供獎學金。
History
- In the Medieval Kingdom of Portugal, the Cortes was an assembly of representatives of the estates of the realm - the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie. It was called and dismissed by the King of Portugal at will, at a place of his choosing. Cortes which brought all three estates together are sometimes distinguished as Cortes-Gerais (General Courts), in contrast to smaller assemblies which brought only one or two estates, to negotiate a specific point relevant only to them. Portuguese monarchs had always called intermittent "king's courts" (Curia Regis), consultative assemblies of feudal nobles and landed clerics (bishops, abbots and the masters of the Military Orders) to advise on major matters. This practice probably originated in the protofeudalism of the 6th-century Visigothic Kingdom. But, during the 13th century, with the growing power of municipalities, and kings increasingly reliant on urban militias, incorporated towns gained the right to participate in the king's court. The Cortes assembled at Leiria in 1254 by Afonso III of Portugal was the first known Portuguese Cortes to explicitly include representatives of the municipalities. In this, Portugal was accompanying the pattern in neighboring Iberian kingdoms (e.g. the Kings of León admitted town representatives to their Cortes in 1188). Medieval Kings of Portugal continued to rely on small assemblies of notables, and only summoned the full Cortes on extraordinary occasions. A Cortes would be called if the king wanted to introduce new taxes, change some fundamental laws, announce significant shifts in foreign policy (e.g. ratify treaties), or settle matters of royal succession, issues where the cooperation and assent of the towns was thought necessary. Changing taxation (especially requesting war subsidies), was probably the most frequent reason for convening the Cortes. As the nobles and clergy were largely tax-exempt, setting taxation involved intensive negotiations between the royal council and the burgher delegates at the Cortes.Delegates (procuradores) not only considered the king's proposals, but, in turn, also used the Cortes to submit petitions of their own to the royal council on a myriad of matters, e.g. extending and confirming town privileges, punishing abuses of officials, introducing new price controls, constraints on Jews, pledges on coinage, etc. The royal response to these petitions became enshrined as ordinances and statutes, thus giving the Cortes the aspect of a legislature. These petitions were originally referred to as aggravamentos (grievances) then artigos (articles) and eventually capitulos (chapters). In a Cortes-Gerais, petitions were discussed and voted upon separately by each estate and required the approval of at least two of the three estates before being passed up to the royal council. The proposal was then subject to royal veto (either accepted or rejected by the king in its entirety) before becoming law.
- The Portuguese Restoration War (Portuguese: Guerra da Restauração; Spanish: Guerra de Restauración portuguesa) was the name given by nineteenth-century 'romantic' historians to the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668. The revolution of 1640 ended the 60-year rule of Portugal by the Spanish Habsburgs. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco–Spanish Waruntil 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663. In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg. This ended the so-called Iberian Union.
- The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução dos Cravos), also referred to as the 25th of April (Portuguese: vinte e cinco de Abril), was initially a military coup in Lisbon, Portugal, on 25 April 1974 which overthrew the regime of the Estado Novo. The revolution started as a military coup organized by the Armed Forces Movement (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas, MFA) composed of military officers who opposed the regime, but the movement was soon coupled with an unanticipated and popular campaign of civil resistance. This movement would lead to the fall of the Estado Novo and the withdrawal of Portugal from its African colonies and East Timor.
The name "Carnation Revolution" comes from the fact that almost no shots were fired and when the population took to the streets to celebrate the end of the dictatorship and war in the colonies, carnationswere put into the muzzles of rifles and on the uniforms of the army men. In Portugal, 25 April is a national holiday, known as Freedom Day (Portuguese: Dia da Liberdade), to celebrate the event.
- dominant/subordinate (or reverse?) relationship hkej 20mar18 shum article
europe
- reinois- [jorge da silva] people of european descendant and born in portugal
uk
- The 1890 British Ultimatum was an ultimatum by the British government delivered on 11 January 1890 to Portugal. The ultimatum forced the retreat of Portuguese military forces from areas which had been claimed by Portugal on the basis of historical discovery and recent exploration, but which the United Kingdom claimed on the basis of effective occupation. Portugal had attempted to claim a large area of land between its colonies of Mozambique and Angola including most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia and a large part of Malawi, which had been included in Portugal's "Rose-coloured Map". It has sometimes been claimed that the British government's objections arose because the Portuguese claims clashed with its aspirations to create a Cape to Cairo Railway, linking its colonies from the south of Africa to those in the north. This seems unlikely, as in 1890 Germany already controlled German East Africa, now Tanzania, and Sudan was independent under Muhammad Ahmad. Rather, the British government was pressed into taking action by Cecil Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company was founded in 1888 south of the Zambezi and the African Lakes Company and British missionaries to the north.
spain
portuguese (language)
- https://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-etymological-reason-why-Portuguese-words-ending-in-%C3%A3o-have-three-different-plurals
- https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-the-Portuguese-word-saudade-is-the-only-word-among-all-languages-with-that-meaning
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-differences-between-Portugals-Portuguese-language-and-Brazils-Portuguese-language
- surname
- alberquerque
- coelho
- https://www.quora.com/Do-people-mispronounce-your-surname-How-is-it-actually-supposed-to-be-pronounced it’s actually [kuˈeʎu] or [ˈkweʎu] (rendering in IPA). By the way, it simply means rabbit in Portuguese.
- formosa is portuguese word for "beautiful", then colonial name for taiwan
- rio
- paixão - passion
- relations with galician
- in macau behind the ruins of st paul's, there is a small lane called travessa da paixao
- https://www.quora.com/How-and-when-did-Portuguese-become-so-nasal-with-lots-of-nasal-vowels-and-diphthongs-Is-it-a-continuity-of-how-late-Galician-Portuguese-sounded-like-Conversely-how-and-when-did-Galician-become-exactly-the-opposite
- links with japanese
- https://www.quora.com/Are-obrigado-in-Portuguese-and-arigato-in-Japanese-linguistically-related-at-all-Or-is-it-just-a-coincidence-that-they-sound-somewhat-similar
- Azulejo (Portuguese: [ɐzuˈleʒu, ɐzuˈlɐjʒu], Spanish: [aθuˈlexo]; from the Arabic az-zallīj, الزليج) is a form of Portuguese and Spanishpainted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. Azulejos are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even railways or subway stations. They were not only used as an ornamental art form, but also had a specific functional capacity like temperature control in homes. There is also a tradition of their production in former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in North America, South America, Goa, Lusophone Africa, East Timor and the Philippines. Azulejos found particular success also in Liguria (Italy), due to the close relationships between both Christian and Islamic territories of the Iberian peninsula and the Republic of Genoa. Being imported at first (in most cases from Seville or the Nasrid Granada), they started to be produced in situ during the next centuries. Ligurian-made tiles inspired by azulejos are known as laggioin in Ligurian (IPA: [laˈdʒwiŋ]; sing. laggion) and, from this language, laggioni in Italian (IPA: [ladˈdʒoːni]; sing. laggione). Azulejos still constitute a major aspect of Portuguese architecture as they are applied on walls, floors and even ceilings. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese history.The word azulejo (as well as the Ligurian laggion[3]) is derived from the Arabic الزليج (az-zulayj): zellige, meaning "polished stone" because the original idea was to imitate the Byzantine and Roman mosaics. This origin shows the unmistakable Persian influences in many tiles: interlocking curvilinear, geometric or floral motifs. The craft of zellige is still in use in the Arab world in two main traditions the "Egyptian Zalij" and the "North African Zellige", the latter being the most famous. The Spanish city of Seville became the major centre of the Hispano-Moresque tile industry. The earliest azulejos in the 13th century were alicatados (panels of tile-mosaic).[4] Tiles were glazed in a single colour, cut into geometric shapes, and assembled to form geometric patterns. Many examples can be admired in the Alhambra of Granada.[5] The old techniques of cuerda seca ('dry string') and cuenca developed in Seville in the 15th century. These techniques were introduced into Portugal by king Manuel I after a visit to Seville in 1503. They were applied on walls and used for paving floors, such as can be seen in several rooms, and especially the Arab Room of the Sintra National Palace (including the famous cuenca tiles with the armillary sphere, symbol of king Manuel I). The Portuguese adopted the Moorish tradition of horror vacui ('fear of empty spaces') and covered the walls completely with azulejos.
- usa
- Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest cities in the United States.Many houses and apartments in The Ironbound are embellished with elaborate azulejos. One common image is Our Lady of Fatima.
Literature
- Luís Vaz de Camões (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈiʒ ˈvaʒ dɨ kaˈmõjʃ]; sometimes rendered in English as Camoens or Camoëns (e.g. by Byron in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers), /ˈkæm
- Camões belonged to a family originating from the northern Portuguese region of Chaves near Galicia. At an early age, his father Simão Vaz left his family to pursue personal riches in India, only to die in Goain the following years. His mother later remarried.Camões lived a semi-privileged life and was educated by Dominicans and Jesuits.
- Camões wrote Os Lusíadas (usually translated as The Lusiads), Portugal's national epic poem celebrating Portuguese history and achievements. The poem focuses mainly on the 15th-century Portuguese explorations, which brought fame and fortune to the country.
- [aerial asia macau episode] the poem was finished in macau during his exile there
- day of portugal commemorates the death of national literary icon Luís de Camões on 10 June 1580.
- Jorge de Montemor (Spanish: Jorge de Montemayor) (1520? – 26 February 1561) was a Portuguese novelist and poet, who wrote almost exclusively in Spanish. His most famous work is a pastoral prose romance, the Diana (1559).
- José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛ ðɨ ˈsozɐ sɐɾɐˈmaɣu]; 16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the theopoetic human factor.Saramago did not achieve widespread recognition and acclaim until he was sixty, with the publication of his fourth novel, Memorial do Convento. A baroque tale set during the Inquisition in 18th-century Lisbon, it tells of the love between a maimed soldier and a young clairvoyant, and of a renegade priest's heretical dream of flight. The novel's translation in 1988 as Baltasar and Blimunda (by Giovanni Pontiero) brought Saramago to the attention of an international readership. This novel won the Portuguese PEN Club Award. Saramago joined the Portuguese Communist Party in 1969 and remained a member until the end of his life. He was a self-confessed pessimist. His views aroused considerable controversy in Portugal, especially after the publication of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ. Members of the country's Catholic community were outraged by Saramago's representation of Jesus and particularly God as fallible, even cruel human beings. Portugal's conservative government, led by then-prime minister Cavaco Silva, did not allow Saramago's work to compete for the Aristeion Prize, arguing that it offended the Catholic community. As a result, Saramago and his wife moved to Lanzarote, an island in the Canaries.
- The Stone Raft (Portuguese: A Jangada de Pedra) is a novel by Portuguese writer José Saramago. It was written in 1986, and was translated into English by Giovanni Pontiero in 1994. The premise of the novel is that the Iberian Peninsula has broken off the European continent and is floating freely in the Atlantic Ocean; bureaucrats around the world are forced to deal with the traumatic effects, while five characters from across Portugal and Spain are drawn ever closer to one another, embarking on a journey within the peninsula as the landmass journeys itself.
- hkej 2may18 shum article
Culture
- Fado (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfaðu]; "destiny, fate") is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best.
- The word "fado" comes from the Latin word fatum, from which the English word "fate" also originates. The word is linked to the music genre itself and, although both meanings are approximately the same in the two languages, Portuguese speakers seldom utilize the word fado referring to destiny or fate. The English-Latin term vates, the Scandinavian fata ("to compose music") and the French name fatiste (also meaning "poet") have been associated with the term fadista.
- Fado typically employs the Dorian mode, Ionian mode (natural major), sometimes switching between the two during a melody or verse change, more recently the Phrygian mode (common in Middle Eastern and Flamenco music), which is not considered a traditional feature of this genre. A particular stylistic trait of fado is the use of rubato, where the music pauses at the end of a phrase and the singer holds the note for dramatic effect. The music uses double time rhythm and triple time (waltz style).
- 說起來，我最初接觸法朶，是 在香港導演彭浩翔執導的電影《伊 莎貝拉》裏。影片背景設置在澳門 回歸之前，故事發生地是澳門的一 個小鎮。當時，彭浩翔邀請香港作 曲家金培達來為電影配樂。他對金 培達說： 「當音樂已達到情感的極 限時，毋須對白，只要有音樂就夠 了。」 金培達覺得澳門曾被葡萄牙 管治過，一定會受到些影響，於是 在配樂中帶上了法朵曲風，片末更 是直接引用了一首法朵歌曲──由 葡萄牙著名法朵女歌手Mariza（瑪 麗莎）演唱的《我的人民》。他說 ： 「法朵音樂與阿根廷探戈很相似 ，都懷有一種寂寞的哀愁。」http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191212/PDF/b8_screen.pdf
diaspora
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170503/00176_038.html亞太區葡僑委員會引述葡國葡僑事務國務秘書表示，葡國政府預計今年可能將葡國公民證有效期，由目前的五年延長至十年。葡僑委員會常設委員會並建議葡國政府，同樣延長葡國護照的有效期至十年。另外，葡僑事務國務秘書表示，未來將繼續從基礎教育開始，支持澳門的葡文教育，並讚揚澳門政府為在葡國接受高等教育的澳門學生提供獎學金。
History
- In the Medieval Kingdom of Portugal, the Cortes was an assembly of representatives of the estates of the realm - the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie. It was called and dismissed by the King of Portugal at will, at a place of his choosing. Cortes which brought all three estates together are sometimes distinguished as Cortes-Gerais (General Courts), in contrast to smaller assemblies which brought only one or two estates, to negotiate a specific point relevant only to them. Portuguese monarchs had always called intermittent "king's courts" (Curia Regis), consultative assemblies of feudal nobles and landed clerics (bishops, abbots and the masters of the Military Orders) to advise on major matters. This practice probably originated in the protofeudalism of the 6th-century Visigothic Kingdom. But, during the 13th century, with the growing power of municipalities, and kings increasingly reliant on urban militias, incorporated towns gained the right to participate in the king's court. The Cortes assembled at Leiria in 1254 by Afonso III of Portugal was the first known Portuguese Cortes to explicitly include representatives of the municipalities. In this, Portugal was accompanying the pattern in neighboring Iberian kingdoms (e.g. the Kings of León admitted town representatives to their Cortes in 1188). Medieval Kings of Portugal continued to rely on small assemblies of notables, and only summoned the full Cortes on extraordinary occasions. A Cortes would be called if the king wanted to introduce new taxes, change some fundamental laws, announce significant shifts in foreign policy (e.g. ratify treaties), or settle matters of royal succession, issues where the cooperation and assent of the towns was thought necessary. Changing taxation (especially requesting war subsidies), was probably the most frequent reason for convening the Cortes. As the nobles and clergy were largely tax-exempt, setting taxation involved intensive negotiations between the royal council and the burgher delegates at the Cortes.Delegates (procuradores) not only considered the king's proposals, but, in turn, also used the Cortes to submit petitions of their own to the royal council on a myriad of matters, e.g. extending and confirming town privileges, punishing abuses of officials, introducing new price controls, constraints on Jews, pledges on coinage, etc. The royal response to these petitions became enshrined as ordinances and statutes, thus giving the Cortes the aspect of a legislature. These petitions were originally referred to as aggravamentos (grievances) then artigos (articles) and eventually capitulos (chapters). In a Cortes-Gerais, petitions were discussed and voted upon separately by each estate and required the approval of at least two of the three estates before being passed up to the royal council. The proposal was then subject to royal veto (either accepted or rejected by the king in its entirety) before becoming law.
- The Portuguese Restoration War (Portuguese: Guerra da Restauração; Spanish: Guerra de Restauración portuguesa) was the name given by nineteenth-century 'romantic' historians to the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668. The revolution of 1640 ended the 60-year rule of Portugal by the Spanish Habsburgs. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco–Spanish Waruntil 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663. In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg. This ended the so-called Iberian Union.
- The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução dos Cravos), also referred to as the 25th of April (Portuguese: vinte e cinco de Abril), was initially a military coup in Lisbon, Portugal, on 25 April 1974 which overthrew the regime of the Estado Novo. The revolution started as a military coup organized by the Armed Forces Movement (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas, MFA) composed of military officers who opposed the regime, but the movement was soon coupled with an unanticipated and popular campaign of civil resistance. This movement would lead to the fall of the Estado Novo and the withdrawal of Portugal from its African colonies and East Timor.
The name "Carnation Revolution" comes from the fact that almost no shots were fired and when the population took to the streets to celebrate the end of the dictatorship and war in the colonies, carnationswere put into the muzzles of rifles and on the uniforms of the army men. In Portugal, 25 April is a national holiday, known as Freedom Day (Portuguese: Dia da Liberdade), to celebrate the event.
- hkej 20feb17 shum article
- dominant/subordinate (or reverse?) relationship hkej 20mar18 shum article
europe
- reinois- [jorge da silva] people of european descendant and born in portugal
uk
- The 1890 British Ultimatum was an ultimatum by the British government delivered on 11 January 1890 to Portugal. The ultimatum forced the retreat of Portuguese military forces from areas which had been claimed by Portugal on the basis of historical discovery and recent exploration, but which the United Kingdom claimed on the basis of effective occupation. Portugal had attempted to claim a large area of land between its colonies of Mozambique and Angola including most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia and a large part of Malawi, which had been included in Portugal's "Rose-coloured Map". It has sometimes been claimed that the British government's objections arose because the Portuguese claims clashed with its aspirations to create a Cape to Cairo Railway, linking its colonies from the south of Africa to those in the north. This seems unlikely, as in 1890 Germany already controlled German East Africa, now Tanzania, and Sudan was independent under Muhammad Ahmad. Rather, the British government was pressed into taking action by Cecil Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company was founded in 1888 south of the Zambezi and the African Lakes Company and British missionaries to the north.
spain
- https://www.quora.com/How-does-Portugal-see-Spain
Jews
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2016-09/17/content_26810010.htm Every Friday at the start of the Jewish Sabbath Porto's imposing synagogue positively buzzeswith the sound of chatter - not just in Portuguese but also in English, French and Spanish. It's in this unexpectedly animated atmosphere that the Jewish community in northern Portugal,wiped out in the 15th century, is currently undergoing a rebirth, welcoming Jews who feelthreatened in Europe and elsewhere - some coming from as far as India. "Anti-semitism is growing in Europe but Porto seems to be a safe haven. It's good to be a Jewhere," said Sam Elijah, who heads a community that numbered only 20 four years ago.
australia
- [tr berg] ortelius had written 'psitcorum regio' (region of parrots, portuguese name) referring to area below africa - resulted in speculation about whether the portuguese had already mapped parts of australia at this time icw their trading activities with the spice islands slightly further north
japan
Jews
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2016-09/17/content_26810010.htm Every Friday at the start of the Jewish Sabbath Porto's imposing synagogue positively buzzeswith the sound of chatter - not just in Portuguese but also in English, French and Spanish. It's in this unexpectedly animated atmosphere that the Jewish community in northern Portugal,wiped out in the 15th century, is currently undergoing a rebirth, welcoming Jews who feelthreatened in Europe and elsewhere - some coming from as far as India. "Anti-semitism is growing in Europe but Porto seems to be a safe haven. It's good to be a Jewhere," said Sam Elijah, who heads a community that numbered only 20 four years ago.
australia
- [tr berg] ortelius had written 'psitcorum regio' (region of parrots, portuguese name) referring to area below africa - resulted in speculation about whether the portuguese had already mapped parts of australia at this time icw their trading activities with the spice islands slightly further north
japan
- the largest number of fluent or native Portuguese speakers in Asia is not to be found in former Portuguese colonies, but in Japan, which is home to about 180 000 Brazilians, mainly of Japanese origin, although many have now left, with 4000 returning home every year.https://www.quora.com/Is-Portuguese-spoken-anywhere-in-Asia
China
- established dip relations in 1979, bilateral trade agreement in 1980
- leader visit
- arts
Hong Kong
- club de recreio
- investors from Portugal
- portuguese in hk
- tuen mun
Chinese
- immigration
- putonghua
Macau
- decree no 357/93 "localizacao de quadros e generalizacao do uso lingua chinesa" provided that Portuguese government is responsible for pension of civil servants retired before 1999.
China
- established dip relations in 1979, bilateral trade agreement in 1980
- leader visit
- 國家主席習近平昨日在人民大會堂會見葡萄牙總理科斯塔時表示，中葡應推進海洋等領域合作。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/10/09/a13-1009.pdf
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190430/PDF/a6_screen.pdf 中國國家主席習近平29日在人民大會堂與葡萄牙總統德索薩舉行會談。習近平指出，中國視葡萄牙為共建「一帶一路」的重要夥伴，要深化雙方在貿易、投資、能源、基礎設施、電動汽車等領域合作。要堅定支持多邊貿易體制，推動建設開放型世界經濟體系。會談後兩國元首共同見證有關雙邊合作文件的簽署。
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-edp-m-a-china/china-three-gorges-launches-108-billion-bid-for-portuguese-power-firm-edp-idUSKBN1IC2NC China’s state-owned utility China Three Gorges on Friday launched a bid to take control of Portugal’s biggest company EDP, offering a premium of just below 5 percent on the power firm’s closing stock price.
- financial
- 里斯本大學經濟學教授杜克（Joao Duque）指，如果中資成為全國最大電力公司的單一股東，從經濟角度而言很不合理。而且葡國政府先前曾阻止美資收購，卻對中資收購無動於衷，「必然有政治因素」。報道指，中資收購該電力集團仍有變數。左翼政黨及工會已要求政府，將官方持股比例提升到五成以上。而該集團股價大漲，中資收購價也因此水漲船高。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180807/00178_007.html
- http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2016/11/21/fosun-portugal-made-in-china_5035109_3234.html Le conglomérat chinois Fosun a pris ce week-end une participation de 17% au capital de Banco Comercial Portugues (BCP), la plus grande banque cotée du Portugal.
- https://beta.scmp.com/tech/enterprises/article/2176597/huawei-signs-deal-upgrade-portugals-largest-phone-network-altice-5g Huawei Technologies has signed a contract to upgrade Portugal’s No 1 phone network into the 5G standard, giving the Chinese company its 23rd global network client to extend its lead as the world’s largest maker of telecommunications equipment.Huawei will supply the equipment and software for Altice Portugal to upgrade its network to support commercially applicable 5G standards by 2019, the Shenzhen-based gear maker said in a press statement.
- 葡萄牙電信運營 商 NOS公司當地時間 23日宣佈，與中國華為公司 合作在葡萄牙北部馬托西紐什市建成該國首個 5G 網絡。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/10/25/a15-1025.pdf
- 中國鐵路廠近年積極拓展歐洲市場，葡萄牙波爾圖地鐵公司近日宣布，中車唐山機車車輛公司（下稱：唐車）近日投得該公司一項提供地鐵及設備維修項目，價值五千六百一十萬歐元（逾四億八千萬港元）。該筆交易更是歐洲鐵路網首筆來自中國地鐵製造商的訂單。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191217/00178_010.html
- arts
- 在26日晚的揭幕仪式上，葡萄牙经济部部长Manuel Caldeira Cabral在致辞中表示：“波普公鸡作为葡萄牙的大型艺术作品，是葡萄牙文化的标誌，现如今它象徵着葡中两国的深厚友谊。”Manuel Caldeira Cabral还说，葡萄牙希望参与中国“一带一路”项目，加强商业贸易投资包括文化方面的联繫，中国赴葡萄牙游客近几年增长了三倍，首都航空北京至里斯本 直航即将开通，葡萄牙旅游局还将在飞猪旅行开设旗舰店，希望能够推动中国赴葡萄牙游客在未来三年有三倍的增长。此外，葡萄牙驻华大使Jorge Torres-Pereira透露，中葡两国政府已签署协议，将在对方首都开设文化中心，未来北京的葡萄牙文化中心或落户798艺术区。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170328/PDF/a9_screen.pdf
- china daily 17jun19 china celebrates portugal ties with yearly cultural events program
- 中國著名作家老舍的代表作《駱駝祥子》葡文版近日在巴西出版，這是老舍的作品首次被譯介到巴西。這本書的譯者馬西婭．施馬爾茨（中文名為修安琪）出生於巴西阿雷格里港，幼年跟隨中國養父在台灣生活多年，精通中葡文，曾翻譯出版魯迅小說作品集、余華的小說《活着》等中國文學作品。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/09/23/a18-0923.pdf
- china daily 14jun19 second china portugal literature forum in beijing
Hong Kong
- club de recreio
- set up by portuguese community in hk in 1906
- one of the few clubs having their lease renewed singtao 3apr17 a2
- 位於加士居道黃金地段的西洋波會，佔地二萬三千平方米，設有全港少有的草地網球場，亦提供場地作棍網球訓練，但該會只有約七百個會員。政府建議私人遊樂場地續期時需要繳交三分一地價，換取續約十五年，估計市區用地需要繳交一億至兩億元。立法會議員陳淑莊認為，如果體育會無法負擔地價，應考慮交出土地，因為之前的營運已經得到大量補貼，是零地價或一千元地價，但都不能收支平衡，或只能勉強營運，看不到為何要讓他們營運下去。陳淑莊認為，政府盈餘豐厚，可以興建更多體育設施取代部分私人遊樂場地。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180920/00176_037.html
- 港岛南面的高级住宅筑在博寮海峡沿岸，对于这长达五千米的海峡，有时候却无以为名，偶然交谈起来，发觉不少人说不出名字，用“西环外面的大海”代替它的名称。南丫岛是度假的地方，习惯这样称呼，也忘了原称“博寮洲”。“博寮海峡”的名称什么年代出现？“博寮”两字与地方风土，人情事故有何相连？有关地方志与文献皆缺，现在的本港地志说明书上，分西博寮与东博寮，范围包括：鸭脷洲、南丫岛、喜灵洲、坪洲、梅窝等大小岛，一边连接维港西环出口，一边接维港汲水门，为古代“海上丝绸之路”中外贸易通向广州港口必经水道，在经济发展上有重要角色。十五世纪，欧洲国家已经找到通往中国港口广州的海上航线，西班牙、葡萄牙的贸易船只远渡重洋来到东方，进入南中国的城市广州，先在香港停泊，进行补给，再驶入珠江到达广州，博寮海峡屯门青龙头一带海面，是欧洲船只停泊处。国内商船出洋，也在屯门稍作勾留再作启航。屯门原居民与佛朗机人（葡萄牙人）最多接触，一五一四年（明正德九年）佛朗机（葡萄牙）占据屯门，统治屯门一带长达七年，在屯门立石柱，柱石刻葡国国徽，立营寨，造火铳，欺压居民，杀人抢船，粮食不足四出抢掠，居民愤恨，不时发生冲突，在居民眼中，这些洋兵青面獠牙，令人憎恶。一五二一年，广东海道副使汪鋐率水兵与葡军开战，激战四十天，葡军败退，撤至马六甲，史上称为“屯门海战”。一五二二年四月，葡方由六船舰组成舰队，再攻屯门，八月激战于大奚山（大屿山）海面，明军大胜。饱受外族欺凌的屯门及大屿山居民，对佛朗机人恨之入骨，视他们为“獠”的怪物。 “博寮”的名由，推理出自“舶獠”字音，香港古代的海上贸易，依赖船舶，舶指早年的外国船队，又称“番船”，粤人对陌生洋人，统称“红须绿眼”，屯门百姓对入侵的佛朗机人更觉面目狰狞，称他们为“獠”。“博寮”，可能出自“舶獠”字音，初称“舶獠”，后来文字记载采用了“舶寮”，指外国来中国做生意的番船与洋人。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170305/PDF/b4_screen.pdf
- 葉建源早前同教協副會長張銳輝到里斯本，出席當地嘅教育會議，其後拜會葡萄牙國會嘅教育及科學委員會，獲得委員會主席Alexandre Quintanilha及各黨議員接見，原來當地嘅委員會組成和運作，同香港立法會教育事務委員會大不相同，例如香港每月開會一次，葡萄牙則是每周一次，葉建源等人之後仲短暫旁聽會議，直擊佢哋使用視像會議進行聽證，佢嘆道，可惜完全聽唔明葡語喎。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180325/00176_071.html
- investors from Portugal
- 葡國銀行擬關閉港業務 http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140906/PDF/b1_screen.pdf - 葡萄牙財困銀行聖靈銀行（BES）計劃關閉其香港業務，並遣散十幾名僱員。聖靈銀行為葡萄牙第二大銀行，於2010年通過收購券商Execution Noble，進入香港市場，業務包括一個小的股票交易團隊，但沒有投資銀行或貸款業務。而該行其他亞洲業務總部位於印度，當地業務於2011年展開，與印度Burman家族合資。
- Li Ka-shing's Cheung Kong Infrastructure (1038) is reportedly bidding for Portuguese wind energy company Iberwind. The deal is estimated to cost about 1.5 billion to two billion euro (HK$17.45 billion), Spanish reports say. A CKI spokesman refused to comment. Vendor Magnum Capital Industrial Partners is expected to close bidding this week. http://windenergy.einnews.com/article__detail/288127881-cki-in-windmill-bid?vcode=XIbw
- 寰宇移民顧問資深顧問黃偉康表示，現時客戶主要透過「黃金居留許可計劃」投資移民葡萄牙，所需金額由35萬歐元（約303萬港元）起跳，故大部分顧客都屬中產或以上。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190925/00269_001.html
- portuguese in hk
- [antonio m jorge da silva] historian jose maria jack braga said that ships ojorge alvares (first european to arrive in chinese coast) docked at tamao 屯門T'un men
- d'almada family
- Leonardo Horácio d'Almada e Castro Jr., CBE, QC, JP (Hong Kong, 28 May 1904 – 1996) was a barrister and prominent leader of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong.He was born in Hong Kong in the d'Alamda family which had existed since the British rule of Hong Kong in 1842. He was educated as St. Joseph's College and the University of Hong Kong. He later claimed he failed in completing his studies because of his laziness. He left for England and graduated in jurisprudence from the Exeter College, Oxford in 1926 and was called to the Bar as a member of the Middle Temple in 1927.[1] He briefly lecturing commercial law at the University of Hong Kong before he started practising law in Hong Kong. Until 1960, he was one of the only four Queen's Counsel practising in Hong Kong, the others were namely, John McNeil, Charles Loseby and Brook Bernacchi.[2] He was appointed as an unofficial member in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1937 to 1941 in the succession of José Pedro Braga and 1946 to 1953 after the war. During the Second World War he lived in Macao and served as a liaison officer between the Portuguese and British governments in connection of refugees.[1] He was appointed to the Hong Kong Planning Unit in London during the last years of the war after his difficult journey through Japanese-occupied China to India, and then to England. He served as President of the General Military Court during the short-term British military rule after the surrender of Japan in 1945. He became the first Hong Kong Portuguese King's Counsel in 1947 and his wife was appointed one of Hong Kong's first female Justices of the Peace at this time. In 1949, he was appointed to the Executive Council of Hong Kong. He was also the member of the court of the University of Hong Kong from 1937 and President of the Hong Kong Bar Association five times from 1951 to 1962. In the business sector, he was the director of the China Light & Power Co., China Underwriters and Far East Investment, Vice-President of the Boy Scouts Association of Hong Kong, Member of the Lusitano Club and Club Recreio.
- leonardo jose d'almada remedios obitruary scmp 20sep17
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20151218/00176_134.html 今屆區議會選舉，就出現首位葡萄牙籍嘅區議員，講緊嘅係剛在觀塘麗晶選區當選嘅畢東尼（Anthony）。Anthony話，佢祖先係因清朝八國聯軍，由上海逃難來港，自此在港落地生根，社會福利署前署長、融樂會主席余志穩原來係佢表舅父。雖然Anthony雙親都係葡萄牙人，亦係天主教信徒，但屋企好本地化，講廣東話同英文，佢亦係喺香港讀書，土生土長。不過，講到讀書，Anthony就有啲唔忿氣，原來佢好多表兄弟姊妹，當年都入咗葡人開設嘅港島名校聖若瑟書院，點知佢考極都入唔到，搞到近期書院一百四十周年校慶，個個親戚都有份出席，但只得佢冇得去。祖籍首都里斯本嘅Anthony，其實好多年都冇返鄉下，皆因佢唔識講葡萄牙語，話返到去會被同鄉歧視喎。
- 1841年香港被割讓予英國，當時的澳門總督亞馬留（Amaral）竟有樣學樣，強行佔據澳門，驅逐中國官員，結果被華人打死。居澳葡人大驚，紛紛移居香港。據統計，二戰前居港葡人有3,000多名，聚居於中環堅道、雲咸街、列拿士地台一帶。https://www.hk01.com/sns/articles/93369/開埠即定居-土生葡人家族辦印刷業-洋行翻譯-推動香港發展
- Francisco相貌似亞洲人，廣東話頗流利，但不懂讀寫中文。他的高祖父是隨香港開埠遷居香港其中一名葡人，由一名澳門軍官搖身一變成生意人。「他1842年來到香港，在砵典乍街做印刷生意，印葡文報紙。當時葡萄牙人相中維港水深廣闊，認為香港更有發展潛力。因為澳門的港口較淺，愈來愈難容納排水量大的先進商船。港口生意受影響，連帶各行各業都不景氣。」他高祖父的同行洛郎也（Noronha），在1844年成立的同名印刷公司，是全港首家印刷廠。1859年起，政府指定其印刷政府刊物及憲報，後來被政府購入，成為官方印務局。他們的後代土生葡人曾經參加義勇軍，22人在香港保衛戰中捐軀，200名軍人被俘。「二戰時葡萄牙是中立國，其實他們可以回到澳門避難，不過卻與英國軍隊並肩作戰。」Francisco說。Francisco認為，從15世紀葡萄牙帝國與大英帝國聯姻，葡國將印度孟買送給英國開始，英國人與葡萄牙人一直互相合作、利用。葡人最早進駐亞洲，已適應亞洲氣候和生活，更與當地人通婚，誕下歐亞混血兒。那些土生葡人通曉英文和中文，成為香港開埠早期，英人與本地華人的溝通橋樑。他們多數在洋行當買辦，或在政府擔當副手。但英人並不視他們為歐洲人，而是「在熱帶地區定居下來並已完全適應、融入當地環境的歐洲社群」。Francisco的曾祖父生於香港，沒有繼承印刷生意，而是跟隨渣甸洋行到上海租界工作。僅僅一代人，遷居香港的葡萄牙人已經一身英式習氣，習慣講英語，還取得英籍。Francisco說，由曾祖父起，他的家族已經不大懂得說正宗葡語。https://www.hk01.com/sns/articles/93369/開埠即定居-土生葡人家族辦印刷業-洋行翻譯-推動香港發展
- Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales, GBM, CBE, JP, GCIH, (Chinese: 沙利士, born c. 1920) often shortened to A. de O. Sales, is chairman of the Hong Kong Olympic Academy and former president of the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong. He was for many years the unofficial member of the Urban Council and became its first unofficial chairman from 1973-81. He was also a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee. Sales was born in Shameen, Canton in the French concession in about 1920, where his great great grandfather settled in. He came to Hong Kong at the age of 8 and attended several Roman Catholic schools, including La Salle Collegeand St Joseph's Seminary, Macau. After he returned to Hong Kong, he attended a business school to prepare for joining the family business. He evacuated to Macau with other third nationals during the Second World War. After he returned to Hong Kong, Sales married his childhood friend, Edith. He helped the Rehabilitating the Portuguese Club, the Club Lusitano de Hong Kong, and participated in the administration of the club and sports.
- to kiv
- hk people in portugal
- fahmy zaman (seems to be of middle east origin) obitruary scmp 23may17 , ceremony to be held at club de recreio
- 狄娜（原名梁帼馨） mansion "quinta do lago" singtao 5aug19 hongzhi article
- tuen mun
- link explained in siuyuekyuen 5thtalk on stanley ho
Chinese
- immigration
- well-off Chinese entrepreneurs who are leaving China to take advantage of so-called “golden visa” residence schemes offered by cash-strapped countries in the eurozone. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/d7c1b472-44a6-11e4-ab0c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3Fd1zYQ3d,
葡「黃金簽證」華貪官外逃捷徑
http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20141115/00178_001.html - http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141115/PDF/a15_screen.pdf綜合路透社、新華社14日消息：葡萄牙移民局局長曼努埃爾．帕洛斯因涉嫌在發放 「黃金居留」簽證過程中貪污和洗錢，於13日被警方拘捕。2012年8月，葡政府開始推行 「黃金居留」政策，外國移民通過在葡投資50萬歐元（約港幣481萬）即可獲得在葡居留身份。葡萄牙檢察院今年6月開始在全國範圍內對 「黃金居留」簽證的審批和發放流程進行調查。http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1639591/portugal-arrests-top-officials-probe-golden-visas-held-1600-chinese
- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1645643/portugal-set-continue-offer-golden-visas-property-investors
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21633854-schemes-effect-sell-visas-rich-foreigners-come-under-fire-buying-their-way
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-03/portugal-sees-chinese-do-90-of-bids-at-property-auction.html The Chinese accounted for almost one in five foreign property purchases in Portugal during the first nine months, according to the Lisbon-based Portuguese Real Estate Professionals and Brokers Association. They already represent the biggest group of foreign buyers based on money invested, said Luis Lima, head of the association.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-07/21/content_21364790.htm More than 1,000 luxury villas and apartments in Portugal are about to come under the virtualhammer on Taobao, a customer-to-customer site owned China's e-commerce giant AlibabaGroup Holding Ltd, as the country is gearing up to become the world's largest online auctionmarket this year.
- putonghua
- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1630478/mandarin-compulsory-portuguese-town-seeks-foothold-china, singtao 3nov14 a25, wenwei 3nov14 a22
Macau
- decree no 357/93 "localizacao de quadros e generalizacao do uso lingua chinesa" provided that Portuguese government is responsible for pension of civil servants retired before 1999.
- http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1904340/portuguese-envoy-raise-resident-permit-concerns Portugal’s consul general for Macau and Hong Kong is set to meet Macau’s secretary for security early next month to discuss delays and alleged unreasonable requirements imposed by the Immigration Department relating to the issuance of resident permits. The meeting request by Vítor Sereno arose from a letter sent by the Council of the Portuguese Communities – an advisory body for Lisbon’s government policies on immigration and citizens abroad – echoing the concerns of “many Portuguese” facing difficulties in trying to acquire or renew their Macau ID. According to the letter, “the Immigration Department has requested bank statements to trace account movements, and salaries higher then 25,000 patacas”. The council, which said it had recently received “many information and support requests” from Portuguese nationals, contended that such requirements were “extremely exaggerated”. Armando Jesus, a council representative, told the Post: “We hope that local authorities start to accelerate the processes, and we want unreasonable requests not to be made.” Sereno said he had met regularly with Macau’s secretary for security, Wong Sio Chak, and that he was going to meet him early in February to discuss the matter and detail individual cases.
- 由澳門特區政府文化局主辦、特約夥伴美獅美高梅呈獻，第一屆「相約澳門——中葡文化藝術節」近日開幕，帶來五大亮點活動，包括中國與葡語國家藝術年展、中國與葡語國家電影展、「漢文文書——東波塔檔案中的澳門故事」展覽及講座、中國與葡語國家文藝晚會，以及中國與葡語國家文化論壇。今屆「中國與葡語國家藝術年展」展開多元文化之間的心靈對話，透過當代藝術跨越創作思維和材質本身的界限，展現藝術家創造的力量。參展藝術家分別來自內地、澳門與香港，以及安哥拉、巴西、佛得角、幾內亞比紹、莫桑比克、聖多美和普林西比、東帝汶等國家與地區，他們齊聚澳門，展現各地文化個性的同時亦加強澳門的藝術活力。本次藝術年展合共展出四個主題的當代藝術展覽，當中重頭戲「知我者」七月八日在澳門藝術博物館舉行開幕儀式，澳門特區社會文化司司長譚俊榮、葡萄牙駐澳門及香港總領事薛雷諾（Vítor Paulo da Costa Sereno）、外交部駐澳門特區特派員公署領事部主任劉玉飛、澳門特區政府文化局局長穆欣欣、澳門中聯辦宣傳文化部副處長辛建波、美高梅中國首席執行官及執行董事簡博賢（Grant Bowie），應主辦方邀請為開幕式主禮。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180712/PDF/b5_screen.pdf
- portuguese in macau
- 由澳門特區政府文化局主辦、特約夥伴美獅美高梅呈獻，第一屆「相約澳門——中葡文化藝術節」近日開幕，帶來五大亮點活動，包括中國與葡語國家藝術年展、中國與葡語國家電影展、「漢文文書——東波塔檔案中的澳門故事」展覽及講座、中國與葡語國家文藝晚會，以及中國與葡語國家文化論壇。今屆「中國與葡語國家藝術年展」展開多元文化之間的心靈對話，透過當代藝術跨越創作思維和材質本身的界限，展現藝術家創造的力量。參展藝術家分別來自內地、澳門與香港，以及安哥拉、巴西、佛得角、幾內亞比紹、莫桑比克、聖多美和普林西比、東帝汶等國家與地區，他們齊聚澳門，展現各地文化個性的同時亦加強澳門的藝術活力。本次藝術年展合共展出四個主題的當代藝術展覽，當中重頭戲「知我者」七月八日在澳門藝術博物館舉行開幕儀式，澳門特區社會文化司司長譚俊榮、葡萄牙駐澳門及香港總領事薛雷諾（Vítor Paulo da Costa Sereno）、外交部駐澳門特區特派員公署領事部主任劉玉飛、澳門特區政府文化局局長穆欣欣、澳門中聯辦宣傳文化部副處長辛建波、美高梅中國首席執行官及執行董事簡博賢（Grant Bowie），應主辦方邀請為開幕式主禮。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180712/PDF/b5_screen.pdf
- portuguese in macau
- 好多人都會將土生葡人同葡國人撈埋嘅，葡國人係喺葡國出世嚟澳門，土生葡人通常係混血兒。但係好多人以為只係中葡混血兒，其實係歐亞混血兒。」她解釋稱，葡國人當年去到印度果亞之後，再去到馬來西亞的馬六甲，並且在當地推行落地生根的政策。不少士兵及商人跟馬來女子通婚。亦因為這樣，產生了一種葡亞混合語。黎若嵐說：「點解葡國人特別鍾情馬來女人，原因係佢哋熱情啦，同埋好忠心。應該係1641年，荷蘭人攻佔馬六甲，馬來女子漏夜通知葡國人，叫佢哋走。結果好多走咗嚟澳門。」https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20190130/20602328
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