Saturday, December 22, 2018

India

etymology of country name
-  Republic of India  in Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya
-  印度斯坦（印地语：हिन्दुस्तान；乌尔都语：ہندوستان‬‎‎；IAST：Hindustān）又译“兴都斯坦”Hindustan  is the Persian name for India, broadly the Indian subcontinent, which later became an endonym. After the Partition of India, it continues to be used as a historic name for the Republic of India. A secondary meaning of Hindustan is as a geographic term for the Indo-Gangetic Plain in northern India. Hindustan is derived from the Persian word Hindū cognate with the Sanskrit Sindhu. The Proto-Iranian sound change *s > h occurred between 850–600 BCE, according to Asko Parpola. Hence, the Rigvedic sapta sindhava (the land of seven rivers) became hapta hindu in the Avesta. It was said to be the "fifteenth domain" created by Ahura Mazda, apparently a land of 'abnormal heat'. In 515 BCE, Darius I annexed the Indus valley including Sindhu, the present day Sindh, which was called Hindu in Persian. During the time of Xerxes, the term "Hindu" was also applied to the lands to the east of Indus.
In middle Persian, probably from the first century CE, the suffix -stān was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the present word Hindūstān. Thus, Sindh was referred to as Hindūstān in the Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of Shapur I in c. 262 CE. Historian B. N. Mukherjee states that from the lower Indus basin, the term Hindūstān got gradually extended to "more or less the whole of the subcontinent". The Greco-Roman name "India" and the Chinese name Shen-tu also followed a similar evolution."Hindustan" is often used to refer to the modern day Republic of India. Slogans involving the term are commonly heard at sports events and other public programmes involving teams or entities representing the modern nation state. In marketing, it is also commonly used as an indicator of national origin in advertising campaigns and is present in many company names. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and his party the Muslim League, insisted on calling the modern day Republic of India 'Hindustan' in reference to its Hindu majority population.
  •  痕都斯坦，出自《阅微草堂笔记·姑妄听之三》。即 印度 。  清 纪昀 《阅微草堂笔记·姑妄听之三》：“今之琢玉之巧，以 痕都斯坦 为第一。其地即佛经之 印度 ，《汉书》之 身毒 。”痕都斯坦为Hindnstan的译音，史称位于印度北部，包括克什米尔及西巴基斯坦。中国成书于清乾隆二十七年（1762年）的《钦定皇舆西域图志》载：“痕都斯坦，在拔达克山（巴达克山）西南，爱乌罕东。”

Government
- The Ministry of External Affairs of India (abbreviated as MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. The Ministry comes under Government of India and is responsible for India's representation in the United Nations. It also advises other Ministries and State Governments when the latter have dealings with foreign governments or institutions.The Ministry was initially the Ministry of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, a holdover from the British Raj. It was renamed the Ministry of External Affairs in 1948.[5] Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru held the portfolio as an additional charge till his death in 1964 and it was only then that a separate Minister with Cabinet rank was appointed. The ministry is responsible for the administration of Naga Hills, Tuensang Area, Indian Emigration Act of 1923, the Reciprocity Act of 1943, the Port Haj Committee Act of 1932, the Indian Merchant Shipping Act in so far as it relates to pilgrim ships, the Indian Pilgrim Shipping Rules of 1933, the Protection of Pilgrims Act of 1887 (Bombay) and the Protection of the Mohammedan Pilgrims Act of 1896 (Bengal) are also the special responsibility of the Ministry of External Affairs.The Ministry is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Foreign Service, the service is wholly under the administration and supervision of the External Affairs Ministry.

  • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170513/00192_001.html印度日前召回了全球一百二十名印度駐外大使和高級外交官，進行為期四天的全球「大使會」，就今後的印度外交國策進行辯論與部署。
  • economic diplomacy and states division


- ministry of finance

  • http://indiabudget.nic.in/
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution, which controls the issuance and supply of the Indian rupee. Until the Monetary Policy Committeewas established in 2016,[6] it also controlled monetary policy in India. It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 The original share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid, which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders.[9] Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949.The RBI plays an important part in the Development Strategy of the Government of India. It is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union.The Reserve Bank of India was established following the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934.[13] Though privately owned initially, it was nationalised in 1949 and since then fully owned by Government of India (GoI).The Reserve Bank of India was founded on 1 April 1935 to respond to economic troubles after the First World War.[14] The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized based on the guidelines presented by the Central Legislative Assembly which passed these guidelines as the RBI Act 1934.[15] RBI was conceptualized as per the guidelines, working style and outlook presented by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in his book titled “The Problem of the Rupee – Its origin and its solution” and presented to the Hilton Young Commission. The bank was set up based on the recommendations of the 1926 Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance, also known as the Hilton–Young Commission. The original choice for the seal of RBI was the East India Company Double Mohur, with the sketch of the Lion and Palm Tree. However, it was decided to replace the lion with the tiger, the national animal of India. The Preamble of the RBI describes its basic functions to regulate the issue of bank notes, keep reserves to secure monetary stability in India, and generally to operate the currency and credit system in the best interests of the country. The Central Office of the RBI was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) but was moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1937. The RBI also acted as Burma's (now Myanmar) central bank until April 1947 (except during the years of Japanese occupation (1942–45)), even though Burma seceded from the Indian Union in 1937. After the Partition of India in August 1947, the bank served as the central bank for Pakistan until June 1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan commenced operations. Though set up as a shareholders’ bank, the RBI has been fully owned by the Government of India since its nationalization in 1949. RBI has monopoly of note issue.
- Ministry of Commerce and Industry http://commerce.nic.in/

  • Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) organisation is an attached office of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and is headed by Director General of Foreign Trade. Right from its inception till 1991, when liberalization in the economic policies of the Government took place, this organization has been essentially involved in the regulation and promotion of foreign trade through regulation. Keeping in line with liberalization and globalization and the overall objective of increasing of exports, DGFT has since been assigned the role of “facilitator”. The shift was from prohibition and control of imports/exports to promotion and facilitation of exports/imports, keeping in view the interests of the country. 
https://dgft.gov.in/about-us/about-dgft
  • India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) is a Trust established by the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. IBEF's primary objective is to promote and create international awareness of the Made in India label in markets overseas and to facilitate dissemination of knowledge of Indian products and services. - See more at: http://www.ibef.org/about-us.aspx#sthash.0TbmVDjI.dpuf
  • India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO), headquartered at Pragati Maidan, is the nodal agency of the Government of India under aegis of Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)for promoting country's external trade. ITPO is a Mini-Ratna Category-1 Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) with 100 percent shareholding of Government of India.In January 2016, ITPO appointed NBCC as Project Management Consultant (PMC) for Integrated Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre (IECC) project as part of Redevelopment of Pragati Maidan. The project garnered much media attention due to demolition of Hall of Nations and Nehru Pavilion by ITPO in April 2017, after approval from Delhi High Court. ITPO has awarded the IECC construction work to Shapoorji Pallonji Group for INR 2150 crores, making the project cost go over whopping INR 2600 crores.On 22 December 2017, Vice-President of India Venkaiah Naidu laid foundation stone of IECC project and Integrated Transit Corridor Development project at Pragati Maidan.
    •  was formed on 1jan1992 with the merger of the former trade development authority and the TFAI.  TDA was set up in 1970 as a registered society under the ministry of commerce.
    • The ITPO logo was designed by eminent Graphic Designer Benoy Sarkar in 1974 for the erstwhile Trade Fair Authority of India. The logo has an interesting depiction of letters T (Trade) and F (Fair). The tone is a fusion of preservation of traditions of Trade and Investments along with modern identity of ITPO. The logo has a universal form. It signifies an authority of India exercising trade through fairs and exhibitions in India and abroad. The emblem has been derived from an inscription on a gold coin belonging to the era of the ancient ruler, Samundragupta( circa 330-380 A.D.) symbolising the zenith achieved in external trade.The vertical and horizontal strokes in the symbol represent life and prosperity.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Trade_Promotion_Organisation#/media/File:ITPO_Logo.jpg [booklet on ITPO obtained from 2019 tdc food fr] the vertical and horizontal strokes represents masts of a ship while the key represents the anchor
    • main activities and services
    • managing trade fair complex, pragati maidan 
    •  Pragati Maidan (Hindi: प्रगति मैदान, literally "progress grounds") is a venue for large exhibitions and conventions in New Delhi. It has an area of nearly 150 acres (more than 625,000 square metres of exhibition space, was the biggest exhibition center in Delhi'.[1] It is owned, operated, controlled and managed by India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO), the trade promotion agency of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India. It was demolished in April 2017.The overall layout and project was designed by architect Raj Rewal .[4] It was inaugurated on 3 November 1972 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, on the eve of the International Trade Fair called Asia 72.[5] The venue and the event were meant to celebrate 25 years of India's Independence.[6][unreliable source?] It is a huge complex of buildings, covering over 150 acres (0.61 km2) sprinkled with many lawns, overlooking the historic Purana Qila. 
    • organising trade fairs and exhibitions (in pragait madiden and other centres)
    •  overseas buyers vendor identification, drawing up itineraries, fixing appointments, accompanying them; arranging product displays for visiting overseas buyers
    • assisting indian companies in product development and adaptation to meet buyers' requirements 
    •  establish durable contacts between indian suppliers and overseas buyers; organising buyer-seller meets; organising india trade promotion programmes
    • participating in overseas trade fairs and exhibitions 
    • in-house research on trade and export promotion 
    •  enlisting invoolvement and support of state governments in india for promotion of india's foreign trade
    • commissioned chennai trade centre in 2001, trade centre bengaluru in 2004 
    • The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) is a Government of India company headquartered at Kochi. It was constituted on 20 April 1972, under the Marine Products Export Development Authority Act 1972 (No.13 of 1972). The role envisaged for the MPEDA under the statute is comprehensive - covering fisheries of all kinds, increasing exports, specifying standards, processing, marketing, extension and training in various aspects of the industry. MPEDA functions under the Department of Commerce, Government of India and acts as a coordinating agency with different Central and State Government establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities.
    • http://www.teaboard.gov.in
    - The Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion was established in 1995 and has been reconstituted in the year 2000 with the merger of the Department of Industrial Development. Earlier separate Ministries for Small Scale Industries & Agro and Rural Industries (SSI&A&RI) and Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (HI&PE) were created in October, 1999.

    • The Office of the Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM) is a subordinate office under the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The Controller General administers the working of the Patents Act, 1970,the Trade Marks Act, 1999, the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 and the Designs Act, 2000 and also renders advise to the Government on matters relating to Intellectual Property Rights.https://dipp.gov.in/about-us/attached-subordinate-offices/office-controller-general-patents-designs-trade-marks

    - ministry of tourism
    - ministry of science and technology

    • Department of biotechnology
    - ministry of communications & information technology

    • Department of electronics & information technology

    - ministry of information and broadcasting http://mib.nic.in/

    • The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India, set up the FFO in the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) with a view to promote and facilitate film shootings by foreign filmmakers in India. The services rendered by the FFO have now been extended to Indian filmmakers as well. It acts as a single-window facilitation and clearance mechanism that eases filming in India, as well as endeavouring to create a film-friendly ecosystem and promoting the country as a filming destination. The institution of the ‘Most Film Friendly State’ Award, which was won by the State of Gujarat in 2015, the State of Uttar Pradesh in 2016 and the State of Madhya Pradesh in 2017, is a unique initiative in this direction. https://www.ffo.gov.in
    - The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997. It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India.The TRAI Act was amended by an ordinance, effective from 24 January 2000, establishing a Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) to take over the adjudicatory and disputes functions from TRAI.
    - ministry of textiles http://texmin.nic.in/
    - ministry of heavy industries and public enterprises

    • Department of heavy industries
    - ministry of urban development
    - ministry of chemicals and pharmaceuticals

    • Department of pharmaceuticals

    - ministry of chemicals and fertilizers

    • Department of chemicals & petrochemicals
    - ministry of food processing industries
    - ministry of mines
    - ministry of petroleum & natural gas
    - ministry of new and renewable energy
    - ministry of roads transport and highway
    - ministry of power
    - ministry of health and family welfare


    - ministry of ayush

    - ministry of overseas indian affairs
    • To connect India to the vast overseas Indian community and its knowledge, expertise and skills on a common platform, the PBD Convention - the flagship event of erstwhile Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Government of India is organized from 7th-9th January every year since 2003. Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to mark the contribution of Overseas Indian community in the development of India. January 9 was chosen as the day to celebrate this occasion since it was on this day in 1915 that Mahatma Gandhi, the greatest Pravasi, returned to India from South Africa, led India's freedom struggle and changed the lives of Indians forever. PBD conventions are been held every year since 2003. These conventions provide a platform to the overseas Indian community to engage with the government and people of the land of their ancestors for mutually beneficial activities. These conventions are also very useful in networking among the overseas Indian community residing in various parts of the world and enable them to share their experiences in various fields. During the event, individuals of exceptional merit are honoured with the prestigious Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award to appreciate their role in India's growth. The event also provides a forum for discussing key issues concerning the Indian Diaspora

    - The National Defence Academy (NDA) is the Joint Services academy of the Indian Armed Forces, where cadets of the three services, the Army, the Navy and the Air Force train together before they go on to pre-commissioning training in their respective service academies. The NDA is located at Khadakwasla near Pune,Maharashtra. It is the first tri-service academy in the world. NDA alumni have led and fought in every major conflict in which the Indian Armed Forces has been called to action since the academy was established. The alumni include 3 Param Vir Chakra recipients and 9 Ashoka Chakra recipients. National Defence Academy has produced 27 service Chiefs Of Staff till date. Current Chiefs Of Staff of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force are all NDA alumni.- India Trade Promotion Organisation http://www.indiatradefair.com/
    - The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) offers a single window clearance for applications on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India that are under the approval route. The sectors under automatic route do not require any prior approval from FIPB and are subject to only sectoral laws. This e-filing facility is an important initiative of the FIPB Secretariat to further enhance its efficiency and transparency of decision making. http://fipb.gov.in
    - http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx
    - http://niti.gov.in/content/ NITI Aayog (Hindi: नीति आयोग; Hindi for Policy Commission), also known by the acronym the National Institution for Transforming India, is a Government of India policy think-tank established by the BJP government to replace the Planning Commission which followed the top-down model. The stated aim for NITI Aayog's creation is to foster involvement and participation in the economic policy-making process by the State Governments of India. The emphasis is on bottom-up approach and make the country to move towards cooperative federalism. The Union Government of India announced the formation of NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015, and the first meeting was held on 8 February 2015. The Prime Minister serves as the Ex-officio chairman. The governing council consists of all state Chief Ministers, chief ministers of Delhi and Puducherry, Lieutenant Governor of Andaman and Nicobar, and vice chairman nominated by the Prime Minister. In addition to full members, there are two part-time members and four ex-officio members and a chief executive officer. The temporary members are selected from the leading universities and research institutions.
    •  The government think-tank in its three-year action plan, released last week, has said that a focus on the domestic market through an import-substitution strategy would give rise to a group of relatively small firms behind a high wall of protection. Citing examples of top manufacturing countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and China, it said, "The 'Make in India' campaign needs to succeed by manufacturing for global markets." The Aayog in its 'Three Year Action Agenda' also recommended for the creation of a handful of Coastal Employment Zones (CEZ), which may attract multinational firms in labour-intensive sectors from China to India.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-facing-problem-of-severe-under-employment-niti-aayog/articleshow/60259517.cms
    - http://www.isro.gov.inIndia decided to go to space when Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up by the Government of India in 1962. With the visionary Dr Vikram Sarabhai at its helm, INCOSPAR set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in Thiruvananthapuram for upper atmospheric research. Indian Space Research Organisation, formed in 1969, superseded the erstwhile INCOSPAR. Vikram Sarabhai, having identified the role and importance of space technology in a Nation's development, provided ISRO the necessary direction to function as an agent of development. ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the same independently.
    - The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO, /ˈɪsroʊ/), is the space agency of the Indian government headquartered in the city of Bangalore. Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development", while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration. Formed in 1969, ISRO superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) established in 1962 by the efforts of independent India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his close aide and scientist Vikram Sarabhai. The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalised space activities in India. It is managed by the Department of Space, which reports to the Prime Minister of India.ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO successfully used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.
    - The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the Regulator for the Securities market in India owned by Government of India. It was established in 1988 and given Statutory Powers on 12 April 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in 1988 as a non-statutory body for regulating the securities market. It became an autonomous body by The Government of India on 12 April 1992 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively. It has opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and is planning to open offices at Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Kochi and Chandigarh in Financial Year 2013 - 2014. Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947. Initially SEBI was a non statutory body without any statutory power. However, in 1992, the SEBI was given additional statutory power by the Government of India through an amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. In April 1988 the SEBI was constituted as the regulator of capital markets in India under a resolution of the Government of India.http://www.sebi.gov.in/
    - apparel export promotion council http://www.aepcindia.com/
    - electronics and computer software export promotion council www.escindia.in
    - marine products export development authority www.mpeda.com
    - central vigilance commission
    - local government

    Honours system
    - The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order...without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex." The award criteria include "service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" including doctors and scientists, but exclude those working with the public sector undertakings.
    - Padma Shri (also Padma Shree) is the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. Awarded by the Government of India, it is announced every year on India's Republic Day.Padma Awards were instituted in 1954 to be awarded to citizens of India in recognition of their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity including the Arts, Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Medicine, Social Service and Public Affairs. It has also been awarded to some distinguished individuals who were not citizens of India but did contribute in various ways to India. On its obverse, the words "Padma", meaning lotus in Sanskrit, and "Shri", a Sanskrit-derived honorific equivalent to 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' (ie., "Noble One in Blossom"), appear in Devanagari above and below a lotus flower. The geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished bronze. All embossing is in white gold.



    Andhra Pradesh
    -  guntur
    • The earliest reference to the present name of the city can be dated back to the period of Ammaraja–I (922-929 CE), the Vengi Eastern Chalukyan King. It also has its appearance in another two inscriptions dated 1147 AD and 1158 AD.[12] In Sanskrit, the name of Guntur was referred as Garthapuri. Garthapuri or Guntlapuri translates to a place surrounded by water ponds. The settlement might have been near a pond (gunta in telugu) and hence, gunta uru refers to pond village. Another one refers to kunta (land measuring unit) which transformed to kunta uru and later to Guntur.
    •  The earliest recorded reference of Guntur comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922–929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan king.[citation needed] French astronomer, Pierre Janssen observed the Solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 and discovered helium, from Guntur in Madras State, British India.[17][18] The inscriptions stones in the Agastyeshwara temple in 'Naga Lipi' (an ancient script) dates back to about 1100 CE. It is considered one of the most famous temples in the city. It is said that Agastya built the temple in the last Treta Yuga around the swayambhu linga and hence it has this name. The 'Nagas' were said to have ruled the region at that time. The region has been historically known for Buddhism and the first Kalachakra ceremony performed by Gautama Buddha himself. The place of Sitanagaram and the Guttikonda caves are referred in the ancient texts (Vedic puranas) going back to the Treta Yuga and Dwapara Yuga (Traditional time scale: 1.7 to 0.5 million years ago, Ref). With the arrival of the Europeans in the late sixteenth century the city attained national and international significance. The French shifted their headquarters from Kondavid Fort to here in 1752, probably because of the ample availability of water due to the two large tanks. This settlement formed the nucleus of the modern city. The Nizams and Hyder Ali also ruled the city until it came under British rule in 1788. It was made the headquarters of a district named after it that was abolished in 1859, only to be reconstituted in 1904. The city rapidly became a major market for agricultural produce from the surrounding countryside due to the opening of the railway link in 1890. The expansion continued post independence as well and was concentrated in what is now called "New Guntur", with many urban areas such as Brodipet, Arundalpet and suburban areas like Pattabhipuram, Chandramouli Nagar, Sita Rama nagar, Brindavan Gardens, etc.
    •  Srikanth Kidambi is an Indian badminton player with a world ranking of 11 as of June 23, 2017. He shot to prominence by defeating Olympic Champion Lin Dan in 2014 China Open Super Series Premier by 21–19 21–17 in the final round, thus becoming the first Indian to win a Super Series Premier Men's title. He trains at the Gopichand Badminton Academy, Hyderabad and is supported by the GoSports Foundation, Bangalore. He is also sponsored by Li-Ning.

    Bangalore
    - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b774116-2964-11e5-acfb-cbd2e1c81cca.html Bangalore has long been synonymous with India’s rise as a technology power, housing myriad giant outsourcers, call centres and high-end research facilities for western multinationals. But over the past year this teeming southern city of 10m has enjoyed what some dub a “second coming”, amid rising excitement over the country’s mushrooming internet economy. Koramangala is a major tech cluster, but there are others, notably Whitefield and a group of business parks on the city’s Outer Ring Road. “You see this second coming all around you,” says Naveen Tewari, the founder of InMobi, a fast-growing mobile advertising start-up that competes withGoogle and Facebook, and boasts a valuation above $1bn. “The number of ventures, the amount of money, the pace at which things are happening. Every space
    is being disrupted.”

    Bihar
    - Bihar (/bᵻˈhɑːr/; Hindustani pronunciation: [bɪˈɦaːr]) is a state in the eastern part of India.[7][8] It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi). The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. In ancient and classical India, Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture.[14] From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism.[15] Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule.[16] Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was a early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom.
    - description of Vulture Peak 靈鷲山 (Pali Gijjhakuta, sanskrit : Gṛdhrakūṭa) or Gádhrakúta as the Buddha’s favorite retreat in Rajagaha and the scene for many of his discourses in wikipedia only in chinese, english, japanese, italian, a type of norwegian and french

    Kaveri, anglicised as Cauvery, is an Indian river flowing through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It is the third largest after Godavari and Krishna in south india and the largest in Tamilnadu which on its course, bisects the state into North and South. Originating in the foothills of Western Ghats at Talakaveri, Kodagu in Karnataka it flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal mouths in Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu. Amongst the river valleys, the Kaveri delta forms one of the fertile regions in the country.The sharing of waters of the Kaveri River has been the source of a serious conflict between the two states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The genesis of this conflict rests in two agreements in 1892 and 1924 between the erstwhile Madras Presidency and Kingdom of Mysore.
    - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/How-Cauvery-waters-will-be-shared-post-SC-verdict/articleshow/62957244.cms The Supreme Court verdict on the sharing of the Cauvery waters on February 16, 2018 brings down the curtain on a volatile issue that has roiled Karnataka and Tamil Nadu politics for over a century. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/16/asia/india-river-dispute-intl/index.html  The country's Supreme Court's solution to the age-old problem has turned out to be simple -- a fixed allocation of water for the next 15 years to the states bickering over it, and the creation of an independent body to regulate the release of water from the Cauvery river.Tamil Nadu's allocation was reduced because of the ground water resources available to the state, while Karnataka's share was increased to ease the strain brought about by a string of droughts. The state's quota was also raised to provide drinking water for its fast-growing capital, Bengaluru — India's original tech hub, home to campuses of many Indian and US tech giants, including Infosys, Microsoft and Google. Kerala and Puducherry will continue to receive 30 TMC and 7 TMC, in line with earlier settlements.


    Delhi
    -  Bawana, founded in 1168 CE, is a census town in the North West district of Delhi, India. It houses the Bawana Fortress of Jat Zail (also called Bawana Tehsil), a Zail headquarter built by the Jat Zaildar who were chaudhary (chief) of Bawana Zail, which was one of the four Zails of Delhi during British raj along with Zails of Mehrauli, Dilli, and Najafgarh.Bawana was earlier called Bawani. It received this name from the Hindi language words "bawan" (52) since this area was a group of 52 villages, 17 in Narela, 17 in Karala, 6 in Palam and 12 directly under Bawana, with 5,200 bighas of agricultural land.Bawana Zail was established in 1860w during british raj in Bawana, and Bawana itself was established in 1168. Jats of Taoru came to settle here, after spending some time in Mehrauli, and they eventually influential enough to became chaudhary (chief) of the area. Jat Zaildar built the Bawana Fortress in 1860s as the headquarter of Bawana Zail (revenue unit) with 3 villages of Bawana, Alipur and Kanjhawala under its authority. It was one of the four Zails within colonial era Delhi district, along with Zails of Mehrauli, Dilli, and Najafgarh.
    •  印度首都新德里北郊巴瓦納工業區一間非法煙花廠，上周六發生大火。當局派出十多輛消防車灌救，花了三小時才撲滅大火，最少十七名工人喪生。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180122/00180_024.html
    - Qutub Minar, at 120 meters, is the tallest brick minarety in the world, and the second tallest minar in India after Fateh Burj at Mohali. Qutub Minar, along with the ancient and medieval monuments surrounding it, form the Qutb Complex, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The tower is located in the Mehrauliarea of Delhi, India. Made of red sandstone and marble, Qutub Minar is a 73-meter (240 feet) tall tapering tower with a diameter measuring 14.32 meters (47 feet) at the base and 2.75 meters (9 feet) at the peak.[4] Inside the tower, a circular staircase with 379 steps leads to the top.[5] Qutub Minar station is the closest station on theDelhi Metro.

    New Delhi
    - The Rashtrapati Bhavan , "rásh-tra-pa-ti bha-van" ; Presidential Residence" previously "Viceroy's House") is the official home of the president located at the Western end of Rajpath in New Delhi, India. It may refer to only the mansion (the 340-room main building) that has the president's official residence, halls, guest rooms and offices; it may also refer to the entire 130-hectare (320 acre) President Estate that additionally includes huge presidential gardens (Mughal Gardens), large open spaces, residences of bodyguards and staff, stables, other offices and utilities within its perimeter walls. In terms of area, it is one of the largest residences of a head of state in the world.

    • This decision to build a residence in New Delhi for the British Viceroy was taken after it was decided during the Delhi Durbar in December 1911 that the capital of India would be relocated from Calcutta to Delhi. When the plan for a new city, New Delhi, adjacent to end south of Old Delhi, was developed after the Delhi Durbar, the new palace for the Viceroy of India was given an enormous size and prominent position. About 4,000 acres of land was acquired to begin the construction of Viceroy's House, as it was officially called, and adjacent Secretariat Building between 1911 and 1916 by relocating Raisina and Malcha villages that existed there and their 300 families under the Land & Acquisition Act. The design of the building fell into the time period of the Edwardian Baroque, a time at which emphasis was placed on the use of heavy classical motifs in order to emphasise power and imperial authority. The Mughal Gardens are situated at the back of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, incorporate both Mughal and English landscaping styles and feature a great variety of flowers. The Rashtrapati Bhavan gardens are open to the public in February every year.
    加齐普尔 Ghazipur (previously spelled Ghazeepore, Gauspur, and Ghazipour and also pronounced Gadjipur among Hindi speakers), is a town in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ghazipur city is the administrative headquarters of the Ghazipur district, one of the four districts that form the Varanasi division of Uttar Pradesh. The city of Ghazipur also constitutes one of the five distinct tehsils, or subdivisions, of the Ghazipur district. 
    - Ghazipur is well known for its opium factory, established by the British East India Company in 1820 and still the biggest legal opium factory in the world, producing the drug for the global pharmaceutical industry. 
    • according to portillo's continental railway journey, the opium trade ended in 1916.

    - The first Scientific Society of India was established first in Ghazipur in 1862 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for propagating modern Western knowledge of science, technology and industry. It was a departure from the past in the sense that education made a paradigm shift from traditional humanities and related disciplines to the new field of science and agriculture.[10] Some current institution like Technical Education and Research Institute (TERI), part of post-graduate college PG College Ghazipur, in the city, takes their inspiration from that first Society.

    Gujarat
    - Gujarat (/ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ Gujǎrāt  [ˈɡudʒ(ə)ɾaːt̪]) is a state in Western India, sometimes referred to as the "Jewel of Western India". It has an area of 196,024 km2(75,685 sq mi) with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi), most of which lies on theKathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistaniprovince of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city isAhmedabad. Gujarat is home to theGujarati-speaking people of India. The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such asLothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuchand Khambhat, served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires, and during the succession of royal Sakadynasties from the Western Satraps era.
    • The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as Ashaval (or Ashapalli). At that time, Karna, the Chaulukya ruler of Anhilwara (modern Patan), waged a successful war against the Bhil king of Ashaval,[15] and established a city called Karnavati on the banks of the Sabarmati.[16] Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the Vaghela dynasty of Dholka. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. However, by the earlier 15th century, the local governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself Sultan of Gujarat as Muzaffar Shah I, thereby founding the Muzaffarid dynasty. This area finally came under the control of his grandson Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 A.D. who while at the banks of Sabarmati liked the forested area for a new capital city and laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after the four saints in the area by the name Ahmed. In 1535 Humayun briefly occupied Ahmedabad after capturing Champaner when the ruler of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, fled to Diu.[24] Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Gujarat was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar. During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler Shahjahan spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the Moti Shahi Mahal in Shahibaug. The Deccan Famine of 1630–32 affected the city, as did famines in 1650 and 1686. Ahmedabad remained the provincial headquarters of the Mughals until 1758, when they surrendered the city to the Marathas. During the period of Maratha Empire governance, the city became the centre of a conflict between two Maratha clans; the Peshwa of Poona and the Gaekwad of Baroda. In 1780, during the First Anglo-Maratha War, a British force under James Hartley stormed and captured Ahmedabad, but it was handed back to the Marathas at the end of the war. The British East India Company took over the city in 1818 during the Third Anglo-Maratha War. A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858. Incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region.
    • [cuhk friends of art museum] the old calico mills operated there and used to be one of india's leading textile production and trade centres from as early as the 15th c.  
    •  The Calico Museum of Textiles is located in the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat in western India.[1] The museum is managed by the Sarabhai Foundation.The museum was founded in 1949[2] by the industrialist Gautam Sarabhai and his sister Gira Sarabhai. Ahmedabad at that time had a flourishing textile industry. The museum was originally housed at the Calico Mills in the heart of the textile industry. But as the collection grew the museum was shifted to the Sarabhai House in Shahibaug in 1983.



     Gurgaon / Gurugram
    - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4ea63b26-012a-11e6-99cb-83242733f755.html Gurgaon near Delhi, the India headquarters for scores of multinational businesses, is henceforth to be called Gurugram in the latest place-name change imposed by the country’s politicians. The move by the state government of Haryana triggered a storm of commentary on social media, including under the Twitter hashtag #Gurugram. Some Indian nationalists praised the announcement but many Gurgaon residents mocked it as pointless.

    Karnataka is a state in the south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973.[7] The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Though several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu, meaning "elevated land". Karu nadu may also be read as karu, meaning "black", and nadu, meaning "region", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state. The British used the word Carnatic, sometimes Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna.
    - Baba Budan was a 16th-century Sufi, revered by both Muslims and Hindus, whose shrine is at Baba Budangiri, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India. He is said to have introduced the coffee plant to India by bringing seven raw beans from the port of Mocha, Yemen while coming back from Haj. In those days coffee was exported to other parts of the world in roasted or baked form so that no one could grow their own and were forced to buy from the Yemenis. He brought seven beans because the number 7 is considered sacred in Islam. The coffee plants were then raised at the place that bears his name.

    ********  盧賽丘陵 The Lushai (Pron: ˌlʊˈʃaɪ) Hills (or Mizo Hills) are a mountain range in Mizoram and Tripura, India. The range is part of the Patkai range system and its highest point is 2,157 m high Phawngpui, also known as 'Blue Mountain'.The hills are for the most part covered with dense bamboo jungle and rank undergrowth; but in the eastern portion, owing probably to a smaller rainfall, open grass-covered slopes are found, with groves of oak and pine interspersed with rhododendrons. The Blue Mountain is the highest peak in Lushai hills.These hills are inhabited by the Lushais and other Mizo tribes, but the population is extremely scanty. From the earliest known times the original inhabitants were Kukis, and the Lushais were not heard of until 1840, when they invaded the district from the north. Their first attack upon British territory took place in November 1849, and after that date they proved one of the most troublesome tribes on the north-east frontier of India; but operations in 1890 resulted in the complete pacification of the northern Lushai villages, and in 1892 the eastern Lushais were reduced to order. The management of the South Lushai hill country was transferred from Bengal to Assam in 1898. To obtain more efficient control over the country the district has been divided into eighteen circles, each in charge of an interpreter, through whom all orders are transmitted to the chiefs.


    Madhya Pradesh (MP; /ˈmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/; meaning Central Province) is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and the largest city is Indore with Jabalpur, Gwalior, and Ujjain being the other major cities. Nicknamed the "heart of India" due to its geographical location in India, Madhya Pradesh is the second-largest state in the country by area. 
    - Sanchi Stupa, also written Sanci, is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-east of Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the Buddha. It was crowned by the chatra, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics. The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby Vidisha. Sanchi was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved toranas (ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added. The Sanchi Stupa built during Mauryan period was made of bricks. The complex flourished until the 11th century.
    - note the ashoka pillar and also the dome structure

    马拉巴尔海岸Malabar Coast is a region of the southwestern shoreline of the mainland Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing mountain slopes. Culturally, it covers the northern part of the Kerala state along with Tulu Nadu and Kodagu district, from the Arabian Sea inland to the Western Ghats. The term is sometimes used to refer to the entire Indian coast from the western coast of Konkan to the tip of the subcontinent at Kanyakumari.In ancient times the term Malabar was used to denote the entire south-western coast of the Indian peninsula. The region formed part of the ancient kingdom of Chera until the early 12th century. Following the breakup of the Chera Kingdom, the chieftains of the region proclaimed their independence. Notable among these were the Kolathiris, Travancore, Zamorins of Calicut, the Coylot Wanees Country of northeast and coastal Ceylon (including Puttalam), Valluvokonathiris of Valluvanad.The whole name Malabar is first attested in Arabic (as malabaar) in the writing of Al Biruni (born in the 970s), and the second part of the name is thought by scholars to be the Arabic word barr ('continent') or its Persian relative bar ('country'). The first element of the name, however, is attested already in the Topography written by Cosmas Indicopleustes in the sixth century CE. This mentions a pepper emporium called Male, which clearly gave its name to Malabar ('the country of Male'). The name male is thought to come from the Tamil word mala ('hill').Alternative etymologies have been proposed, however, for example that Malabar derives from the Malayalam word Mala-Baram, 'hill slope' (since Malayalam varam means 'slope' or 'side of a hill').
    - The Malabar Coast, throughout recorded history from about 3000 BC, had been a major trading center in commerce with Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Jerusalem and the Arab world.[8][9] Its most famous ports (both defunct and functional) were Naura (Kannur), Balita (Vizhinjam), Kochi, ponnani, Calicut, Mangalore, and the most popular among them Muziris.[10][11] The Oddeway Torre settlement (part of Danish India) has served as a center of the Indian Ocean trade for centuries.During Ming China's treasure voyages in the early 15th century, Admiral Zheng He's fleet often landed at the Malabar Coast.[13] Soon after, Vasco da Gama landed near Calicut in 1498, establishing a sea route between India and Europe. Portugal became the first of several European maritime empires to grow rich from the spice trade with this area.
    - Kozhikode ([koːɻikːoːɖ]), also known as Calicut, is an Indian city, second-largest urban agglomeration in the State of Kerala. During classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, Kozhikode was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point of Indian spices.The exact origin of the name Kozhikode is uncertain. According to many sources, the name Kozhikode is derived from Koyil-kota(fort), meaning fortified palace.[11] The name also got corrupted into Kolikod, or its anglicized version Calicut.Arab merchants called it Qāliqūṭ (IPA: qˠaːliqˠːuːtˤ).Although the city's official name is Kozhikode, in English it is sometimes known by its anglicised version, Calicut.[14]The word calico, a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode, is thought to have been derived from Calicut.[15] It is the historical capital of Kerala as the history dates back to 1498 AD when Vasco da Gama landed in Kappad, near Calicut.Kozhikode was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the samoothiris (Zamorins) in the Middle Ages and later of the erstwhile Malabar Districtunder British rule. Arab merchants traded with the region as early as 7th century.14世紀時中國旅行家汪大淵曾訪問過古里佛，在所著《島夷志略》一書有專篇紀述。從明代洪武年間到永樂元年（1403年）期間曾多次派遣使者訪問古里。根據隨鄭和下西洋的翻譯官馬歡所著《瀛涯勝覽》記載，古里國人分五等：回回、南毗、哲地、革令、木瓜；國人多數信回教，國王南毗人（Namburi），信釋教，掌管國事的大頭目信回教。國王曾在永樂三年（1405年）、五年（1407年）、七年（1409年）派遣使者去明帝國朝貢，貢獻寶石、金腰帶、珊瑚珠、胡椒、木香等；其中的金腰帶是國王令匠人用50兩黃金抽細絲編成片，鑲嵌多色寶石、珍珠造成的一條寶帶。兩國關係十分密切。鄭和率領商船隊七次下西洋，首次下西洋於永樂三年1405年冬到達古里，在之後每次都會訪問古里。鄭和的船隊帶來了中國的瓷器和絲綢，國王派掌管國家事務的大頭目帶領二頭目、算手、中介人和中國官員面對面議價，平等交易，擊掌定價，書寫兩份合約，各收一份，此後無論貨物價格升降，雙方都信守合同無悔。古里國以六成金幣「法南」(fanam)或銀幣「答兒」（tar）支付貨款。隨後古里國的富商帶來寶石、珍珠、珊瑚等貨物來議價，為期一到三個月。鄭和的船隊還把古里作為補充淡水和食物以及向西進入阿拉伯海和非洲海岸的基地。永樂五年（1407年），鄭和第二次下西洋到達古里後，國王接受了中國皇帝明成祖朱棣詔封古里王的敕書和誥命銀印，各頭目接受升賞品級冠服；鄭和還在古里立石碑亭紀念：「其國去中國十萬餘里，民物咸若，熙嗥同風，刻石於茲，永示萬世」。（1613年耶穌教傳教士Godiho de Eredia 曾看見鄭和在古里所立石碑。）。根據史料記載鄭下西洋隊伍中還有兩名古里國人沙班和沙孝祖，二人都是原南京錦衣衛副千戶。1433年4月鄭和最後一次下西洋途中去世於古里。科澤科德的政治歷史也是西方大國策劃的詭譎和懷有敵意的陰謀故事。1498年5月瓦斯科·達·伽馬帶領一個葡萄牙貿易代表團在卡里卡特北部18千米處的Kappad登陸。卡里卡特當地的統治者和達·伽馬談判從阿拉伯過來的貿易路線時，起了劇烈的衝突。扎莫林派出了一支由80艘戰船和1500人組成的艦隊。最後達·伽馬讓步，以一封模稜兩可的海路權信件為協談條件，並拒絕留下他船上的物品做為抵押。達·伽馬在卡里卡特留下了幾位葡萄牙水手，做為日後貿易的聯絡人，但是這些葡萄牙籍聯絡人後來都被謀殺了。1502年2月12日，達·伽馬率領20艘軍艦再度從葡萄牙出發，準備用葡萄牙的軍事力量來鞏固新開的航線。當達·伽馬抵達卡里卡特時，他的船隊已擴編到29艘，很快征服了該地，並略奪了大量的貴重商品。1524年，達·伽馬在印度已有「武力至上的問題調停者」的稱呼，他派遣了更多軍艦到東非和西印度。1524年12月24日達·伽馬在當地過逝，被火化後埋在印度柯欽的聖法蘭西斯教堂，1539年才被遷回葡萄牙，重葬在維第格拉（Vidiqueira）。1528年和1538年科澤科德的統治者在同葡萄牙人爭奪香料貿易主導權的戰爭中連續兩次戰敗，葡萄牙人在科澤科德修築了堡壘。1540年葡萄牙人對香料貿易的獨佔權得到最後承認。和平只持續了一陣子，1571年當地國王破壞了葡萄牙人的堡壘。1588年葡萄牙人再次贏得了戰爭，重新獲得了在科澤科德駐紮的權利。1600年葡萄牙人和國王的軍隊一起鎮壓了當地海軍將領Kunjali的叛亂。17世紀的初期, 荷蘭人也開始在科澤科德發展貿易，葡萄牙力量和影響開始退色。科澤科德聯合荷蘭人在1663年到1664年取得了對葡萄牙人的最後的勝利，從而擺脫了葡萄牙人的控制。1664年英格蘭人在科澤科德開設了一個商業據點，1698年法蘭西王國人也開了一個。1766年印度邁索爾的穆斯林統治者海德爾·阿里率領軍隊攻佔並破壞了科澤科德，科澤科德最後一代統治者在自己的宮殿內自殺。1792年，英格蘭人趕走了邁索爾的統治者，從此開始直接統治科澤科德。


    Mathura
    - Mathura  is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is locatednorth of Agra, and  south-east of Delhi; near the town of Vrindavan and  Govardhan. It is the administrative centre of Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient period, Mathura was an economichub, located at the junction of important caravan routes. The 2011 census of India estimated the population of Mathura to be 441,894. Mathura is the birthplace of Krishna at the centre of Braj or Brij-bhoomi, called Shri Krishna Janma-Bhoomi, literally: 'Lord Krishna's birthplace'.[citation needed] It is one of the seven cities (Sapta Puri) considered holy by Hindus. The Keshav Dev Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's birthplace (an underground prison). Mathura was the capital of the Surasena Kingdom, ruled by Kansa the maternal uncle of Krishna. Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.

    Mumbai (/mʊmˈbaɪ/; also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.  The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies of the Koli people.[20] For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay.[21] During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellardproject,[22] which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea.[23] Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital.
    - By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi.[46]The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995.[47] This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra.



    Panjab/punjab
    - the persian word means a land of five rivers (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj), name well established in 14th century
    - people

    • Porus (IPA: [porus]) or Poros (from Ancient Greek: Πῶρος, Pôros), was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Hydaspes (River of Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab River), in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. He is credited to have been a legendary warrior with exceptional skills. Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BC),[2] thought to be fought at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab, which is now part of the modern country of Pakistan. Though not recorded in any available ancient Indian source,[3] Ancient Greek historians describe the battle and the aftermath of Alexander's victory. After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war, Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated. Porus, although defeated, being a valiant, proud king, stated that he be treated like how Alexander himself would expect to be treated. Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom but also granted him dominion over lands to the south-east extending until the Hyphasis (Beas).[4][5] Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC. 
    • www.koopman.art in london has an artpiece - charles II tazza which its centre depicts alexander the great meeting with king poros of india
    - diaspora
    • Singh lives in the north  Indian state of Punjab, where one in 10 households counts among its members a non-resident Indian (NRI) working overseas. On Monday, the Punjab government set alarm bells ringing when it announced the recent return of 94,000 of these NRIs.Singh fears Punjab could soon be at the heart of the problem, as migrant workers return from countries hit hard by the virus, such as Italy, Spain, the United States and the United Kingdom.In Spain, for instance, half of all Indian immigrants are Sikhs from Punjab, numbering 21,000. In Italy, the Indian diaspora, estimated at more than 200,000, consists of a significant proportion of Sikhs from Punjab involved in dairy production.https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3076993/coronavirus-90000-nris-return-haunt-punjab-land-indias
    • Meera Syal CBE FRSL (born Feroza Syal; 27 June 1961) is an English comedian, writer, playwright, singer, journalist, producer and actress. Meera Syal was born in Wolverhampton and grew up in Essington, Staffordshire, a mining village a few miles to the north. Her Punjab-born parents, Surinder Syal (father) and Surinder Uppal (mother), came to the United Kingdom from New Delhi. Her father was Khatri, and her mother was Jat.[6] When she was young, the family moved to Bloxwich, north of Walsall. This landscape, and the family's status as the only Asian family in a small Midlands mining village of Essington, was later to form the backdrop to her novel (later filmed) Anita and Me, which Syal described in a 2003 BBC interview as semi-autobiographical. The book was included in gcse exam.

    Rajasthan
    - 丘鲁churu It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya Lal Bagla Ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are life-size marble statues of their deities and a place for prayers. At the center of the town is a fort built about 500 years ago.Founded in A.D. 1120 by Nirban clan of Rajputs,[1] the place was named Churu after the king Churaman in the Jangladesh region of the state. It was subsequently ruled by Rathore (Banirot)[2] rajputs and during the battle of 1871 the area came under dominance of Bikaner. The Shekhawats (Taknet) fought alongside the Rathores (Banirot) to defend the city fort. This battle is famous for its usage of canon shells made of silver.[3] The descendants of the Taknet's[4] and the Banirot's still reside in the city. Churu, like an oasis, situated in the middle of the shifting golden sand dunes, opens the gate to the Thar Desert.
    - Udaipur is a major city,     municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.[2] It is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. Maharana Udai Singh of the Sisodia clan of Rajput founded the city 1553,[3] and shifted his capital from the city of Chittorgarh to Udaipur. It remained as the capital city till 1818 when it became a British princely state,[4] and thereafter the Mewar province became a part of Rajasthan when India gained independence in 1947. 

    • Udaipur was founded in 1559, by Maharana Udai Singh II[6] in the fertile circular Girwa Valley to the southwest of Nagda, on the Banas River. The city was established as the new capital of the Mewar kingdom. This area already had a thriving trading town, Ayad, which had served as capital of Mewar in the 10th through 12th centuries.[7] The Girwa region was thus already well-known to Chittaud rulers who moved to it whenever the vulnerable tableland Chittaurgarh was threatened with enemy attacks. Maharana Udai Singh II, in the wake of 16th century emergence of artillery warfare, decided during his exile at Kumbhalgarh to move his capital to a more secure location. 
    • As the Mughal empire weakened, the Sisodia rulers, reasserted their independence and recaptured most of Mewar except for Chittor. Udaipur remained the capital of the state, which became a princely state of British India in 1818. Being a mountainous region and unsuitable for heavily armoured Mughal horses, Udaipur remained safe from Mughal influence despite much pressure. At present, Arvind Singh Mewar is the 76th custodian of the Mewar dynasty.
    Shimla (English: /ˈʃɪmlə/; Hindi: [ˈʃɪmlaː]), also known as Simla, is the capital and the largest city of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Shimla is also a district which is bounded by Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, the state of Uttarakhand in the south-east, and Solan and Sirmaur. In 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India, succeeding Murree, northeast of Rawalpindi. After independence, the city became the capital of Punjab and was later named the capital of Himachal Pradesh. It is the principal commercial, cultural and educational centre of the hilly regions of the state.
    - Most of the heritage buildings in the city are preserved in their original 'Tudorbethan' architecture. The former Viceregal Lodge, which now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, and Wildflower Hall, now a luxury hotel, are some of the famous ones.
    - Shimla has many temples and is often visited by devotees from nearby towns and cities. The Kali Bari temple, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali is near the mall. JakhooTemple, for the Hindu god Hanuman is located at the highest point in Shimla.[53] Sankat Mochan, another Hanuman temple, is famous for the numerous monkeys that are always found in its vicinity. It is located on Shimla-Kalka Highway about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city. 



    Sri City
    - http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34580581 more than 100 businesses in the Sri City Industrial hub - many of them Chinese - attracted by the Make in India campaign. Launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi last year, the ambitious campaign aims to turn the country into a global manufacturing hub. As part of the scheme, the government has said it will incentivise foreign companies to manufacture in India. "In plain terms, if you invest $100 [£65] here, we will give you $25. Then state incentives are also available," Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said recently. The founder of the industrial zone, Ravindra Sannareddy, says the incentives make India a very attractive manufacturing base for Chinese companies. "A lot of companies from China, which traditionally used to export their products to India, are now taking advantage of these incentives to come to India, put their manufacturing facilities here, and cater to the demand here," he says. It's not just the financial benefits which are attractive to foreign firms. The industrial hub is situated way out in the countryside, but finding labour has been easy. Mr Reddy estimates that they have at least 200,000 employable youth in the surrounding villages.

    ******斯利那加  Srinagar (/ˈsriːnəɡər/ ) is the largest city and the summer capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies in the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The city is known for its natural environment, gardens, waterfronts and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dried fruits.  The earliest records, such as Kalhana's Rajatarangini, the name Siri-nagar (or Sri-nagara) is mentioned, which in turn is a local transformation of the Sanskrit name Sūrya-nagar, meaning "City of the Sun".[7] The name Sri-nagar is also used in the records of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.Alternatively, it may have drawn its name from two Sanskrit words: śrī (venerable), and nagar (city), which would make it the "City of Wealth".
    - http://ikashmir.net/monuments/chapter4.html The Sankaracharya temple is situated on the summit of the Takht-i-Sulaiman hill, to the south-east of Srinagar (Plate IV). Neither the hill nor the temple preserves its ancient name; in Hindu times the former bore the name of Gopadri, and the latter - or more probably some earlier structure which occupied its place - that of Jyeshthegvara. But the modern name of the hill seems to be of fairly long standing, as it is mentioned by Catrou, and in a slightly altered form (Koh-i-Sulaiman) by Abul Fazl. The temple is built on a high octagonal plinth approached by a long flight of steps enclosed by two side-walls which originally bore two Persian inscriptions. ******* Shalimar is, of all the Mughal gardens in Kashmir, the one which has received the greatest attention from the later rulers of the country. The Pathan and the Sikh Governors occasionally used it as their pleasure resort, and when, from the reign of Ranjit Singh, Europeans began to visit the valley with comparative freedom, its marble pavilion was often assigned to them as a residence. But in spite of this intermittent care, the destroying hand of time and the wanton vandalism of some of the rulers themselves have robbed the summer residence of Nur Jahan and Jahangir of a great part of its ancient charm. An idea of what it was in the time of the Mughals may be gathered from the tantalisingly short description of Francois Bernier, who visited Kashmir in the suite of Aurangzeb in A.D. 1664:" The most beautiful of all these gardens is one belonging to the king, called Chah-limar. The entrance from the lake is through a spacious canal bordered with green turf and running between two rows of poplars: The length is about five hundred paces, and it leads to a large summer-house placed in the middle of the garden. A second canal, still finer than the first, then conducts to another summer-house at the end of the garden. This canal is paved with large blocks of freestone and its sloping sides are covered with the same. In the middle is a long row of fountains, fifteen paces apart; besides which there are here and there large circular basins or reservoirs, out of which arise other fountains, formed into a variety of shapes and figures.

    • in hk, there is a shalimar club in pennington street causeway bay



    Tamil nadu
    - Kānchipuram a otherwise known as Kānchi (kāñcipuram; Tamil: காஞ்சிபுரம்; [kaːɲd͡ʒipuɾəm])[1] is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city's historical monuments include the Kailasanathar Temple and the Vaikunta Perumal Temple. Historically, Kanchipuram was a centre of education [4] and was known as the ghatikasthanam, or "place of learning".[5] The city was also a religious centre of advanced education for Jainism and Buddhism between the 1st and 5th centuries. In Vaishnavism Hindu theology, Kanchipuram is one of the seven Tirtha (pilgrimage) sites, for spiritual release.[7] The city houses Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Ekambareswarar Temple, Kamakshi Amman Temple, and Kumarakottam Temple which are some of major Hindu temples in the state. Of the 108 holy temples of the Hindu god Vishnu, 14 are located in Kanchipuram. The city is particularly important to Sri Vaishnavism, but is also a holy pilgrimage site in Shaivism. The city is well known for its hand woven silk sarees and most of the city's workforce is involved in the weaving industry.
    - Kanyakumari , also known as Kanniyakumari, formerly known asCape Comorin, is a town in Kanyakumari District in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The name comes from the Devi Kanya Kumari Temple in the region. It is the southernmost tip of peninsular India. Ptolemy's geography describes commercial relations between western India and Alexandria, the chief eastern emporium of the Roman Empire. He identified Kanyakumari along with the Gulf of Mannar as a center forpearl fishery. He also identifies Korkai (assumed to be the present day's Tuticorin), a place to the east of Kanyakumari, as an emporium of pearl trade. Another ancient Greek book, the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, contains sailing directions for merchants from the Red Sea to the Indus and Malabar, and even indicates that the coast from Barygaza (Baroch) had a general southward direction down to and far beyond Cape Komari. Kanyakumari has been a great centre for art and religion for centuries. It was also an area of great trade and commerce. It was ruled by the Cholas, the Cheras, thePandyas and the Nayaks. The architectural beauty of the temples in the area are the works of these rulers. Later Kanyakumari became part of the Venad kingdom with its capital at Quilon. The king of Venad, Anizham ThirunalMarthanda Varma, established Travancore by extending his domain further north up to Azhva, during his reign from 1729 to 1758. By this, the present Kanyakumari District came to be known as Southern Travancore. In 1741, MaharajaMarthanda Varma defeated the Dutch East India Company at the famous Battle of Colachel. Kanyakumari was under the rule of the Pandyan Kings till the downfall of Pandyas, and later by kings of Travancore under the overall suzerainty of the British (as "Cape Comorin") until 1947, when India became independent. Travancore joined the independent Indian Union in 1947. The reign of the Travancore royals came to an end. In 1949, Kanyakumari became part of the reconstituted Travancore-Cochin State. Around this time, a popular agitation by the Tamil-speaking people of the district for the amalgamation of Kanyakumari District with Tamil Nadu intensified under the leadership of Marshal Nesamonywho is called as 'Kumari Thanthai' (Father of Kanyakumari district). 
    - chennai (formerly madras)
    • The name Madras originated even before the British presence was established in India. The name Madras is said to have originated from a Portuguese phrase " mae de Deus " which means "mother of God", due to Portuguese influence on the port city. According to some sources, Madras was derived from Madraspattinam, a fishing-village north of Fort St George.[29] However, it is uncertain whether the name was in use before the arrival of Europeans.[30] The British military mapmakers believed Madras was originally Mundir-raj or Mundiraj.[31] A Vijayanagar-era inscription dated to the year 1367 that mentions the port of Maadarasanpattanam, along with other small ports on the east coast was discovered in 2015 and it was theorised that the aforementioned port is the fishing port of Royapuram. The nativity of the name Chennai, being of Telugu origin, is clearly proved by historians.[33][34][35] It was derived from the name of a Telugu ruler Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu, father of Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, a Nayak ruler who served as a general under Venkata III of the Vijayanagar Empire from whom the British acquired the town in 1639. The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed, dated 8 August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company even before[38] chennakesava perumal temple built in 1646. In 1996, the Government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name from Madras to Chennai. At that time many Indian cities underwent a change of name. However, the name Madras continues in occasional use for the city, as well as for places named after the city such as University of Madras, IIT Madras, Madras Institute of Technology, Madras Medical College, Madras Veterinary College, Madras Christian College.
    • china
    • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191015/PDF/a8_screen.pdf 習近平提出，支持中國福建省和泰米 爾納德邦、泉州市和金奈城建立友好省城關係 ，譜寫海上絲綢之路新篇章。通過海上絲綢之 路，泉州和金奈的交往，可回溯到1400多年前 。金奈馬馬拉普拉姆是印度有名的雕刻之鄉， 而在福建泉州海交館內，近300方印度教寺廟 建築構件，見證了兩國中印兩國 「以石為媒」 悠久的貿易往來和文化交往。
    • Mamallapuram, also known as Seven Pagodas or Mahabalipuram (old name), is a town in Chengalpattu district in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Mamallapuram was one of two major port cities by the 7th century within the Pallava kingdom. Along with economic prosperity, it became a center of a group of battle monuments carved out of rock. These are dated to the 7th and 8th centuries: rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), giant open-air rock reliefs such as the famous Descent of the Ganges, and the Shore Temple dedicated to Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, Krishna and others.[1][3] The contemporary town plan was established by the British Raj in 1827.Neolithic burial urn, cairn circles and jars with burials dating to the 1st century BC have been discovered near Mamallapuram. The Sangam age poem Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai relates the rule of King Thondaiman Ilam Thiraiyar at Kanchipuram of the Tondai Nadu port Nirppeyyaru which scholars identify with the present-day Mamallapuram. Chinese coins and Roman coins of Theodosius I in the 4th century CE have been found at Mamallapuram revealing the port as an active hub of global trade in the late classical period. Two Pallava coins bearing legends read as Srihari and Srinidhi have been found at Mamallapuram. The Pallava kings ruled Mamallapuram from Kanchipuram; the capital of the Pallava dynasty from the 3rd century to 9th century CE, and used the port to launch trade and diplomatic missions to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.
    • The Descent of the Ganges, also known as Arjuna's Penance, at Mamallapuram, is one of the largest rock reliefs in Asia and features in several Hindu scriptures.
    • china
    •  https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3032540/xi-meets-modi-second-informal-summit-can-historical-south-indian The former trading centre used to be ruled by Pallavas, a powerful fourth-century dynasty that first established trading relations with China.Zhou Enlai, the first premier of China, came to the town as part of his India trip in 1956, at a time when bilateral ties were on the upswing. After visiting the state-owned Integral Coach Factory, which made railway coaches, Zhou praised the establishment. “This is a modern coach factory. It is worthwhile for the Chinese to come and learn. This factory is well-built and well-organised. The technology and training given are very good,” he wrote in its guest register.https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3032540/xi-meets-modi-second-informal-summit-can-historical-south-indian
    - 马杜赖Madurai is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Madurai District, the third largest city in Tamil Nadu and 25th most populated city in India.[3] Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. Madurai is closely associated with the Tamil language, and the third Tamil Sangam, a major congregation of Tamil scholars said to have been held in the city. The recorded history of the city goes back to the 3rd century BCE, being mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to the Maurya empire, and Kautilya, a minister of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Signs of human settlements and Roman trade links dating back to 300 BC are evident from excavations by Archeological Survey of India in Manalur. The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Pandyas, Cholas, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Carnatic kingdom, and the British East India Company British Raj.
    - 尼尔吉里丘陵The Nilgiri Mountains form part of the Western Ghats in western Tamil Nadu, India. At least 24 of the Nilgiri Mountains' peaks are above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), the highest peak being Doddabetta. The word Nilgiri, coming from Sanskrit neelam (blue) + giri (mountain), has been in use since at least 1117 CE.[2][3] It is thought that the bluish flowers of kurinji shrubs gave rise to the name.The first recorded use of the word Nila applied to this region can be traced back to 1117 AD. In the report of a general of Vishnuvardhana, King of Hoysalas, who in reference to his enemies, claimed to have "frightened the Todas, driven the Kongas underground, slaughtered the Poluvas, put to death the Maleyalas, terrified Chieftain Kala Nirpala and then proceeded to offer the peak of Nila Mountain (presumably Doddabetta or Rangaswami peak of Peranganad in East Nilgiris) to Lakshmi, Goddess of Wealth."A hero stone (Veeragallu) with a Kannada inscription at Vazhaithottam (Bale thota) in the Nilgiri District, dated to 10th century CE, has been discovered.[9] A Kannada inscription of Hoysala king Ballala III (or his subordinate Madhava Dannayaka's son) from the 14th century CE has been discovered at the Siva (or Vishnu) temple at Nilagiri Sadarana Kote (present-day Dannayakana Kote), near the junction of Moyar and Bhavani rivers, but the temple has since been submerged by the Bhavani Sagar dam.
    • china
      • scmp 30nov2020 "film reveals how chinese helped shaped indian tea" those 4 years - migration from 1865-1869 of chinese convicts and workers to nilgiri mountain range in southern india and their role in bringing tea cultivation to the region, resulting in a famous indian export - nilgiri tea.

    塔那  Thane, colloquially called Thana, is a metropolitan city in India. Thane city coincides entirely within Thane taluka, one of the seven talukas of Thane district; also, it is the headquarter of the namesake district. The city is also called "City of Lakes" as the city is surrounded by 35 lakes.The word 'Thane' is derived from Sanskrit word 'sthāna' (Sanskrit: स्थान) which means 'place'. The name Thane, locally pronounced [ˈʈʰaːɳeː], has been variously romanised as Tana,[1] Thana,[2] Thâṇâ,[3] and Thane.[4] Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as Kukin Tana; Duarte Barbosa as Tana Mayambu.A copper plate dating to ad 1078 was discovered near the foundations of Thane Fort in 1787. A land grant from Arikesara Devaraja, lord of Tagara, wherein he addresses the inhabitants of a city called "Sri Sthanaka". The British occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja in 1774.
    - any relation?
    • 檀娜卡也音譯為塔納卡和特納卡，或稱黃香楝粉Thanaka (Burmese: သနပ်ခါး; MLCTS: sa. nap hka:; pronounced [θənəkʰá], also spelt thanakha) is a yellowish-white cosmetic paste made from ground bark. It is a distinctive feature of the culture of Myanmar, seen commonly applied to the face and sometimes the arms of women and girls, and is used to a lesser extent also by men and boys.[1][2][3] The use of thanaka has also spread to neighbouring countries including Thailand.
    • scmp 16sep2020 world waking up to cosmetics possibilities of myanmar tree bark

    Uttar Pradesh (/ˈʊtər prəˈdɛʃ/, Hindi : उत्तर प्रदेश literally "Northern Province"), abbreviated as UP, is a state located in Northern India. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces, and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar  Pradesh. Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Raebareli, Moradabad, Bareilly, Aligarh, Sonbhadra and Varanasi are known for their industrial importance in the state. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the Himalayan hill region of Uttar Pradesh. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west, Haryana and Delhi to the northwest, Uttarakhand and the country of Nepal to the north,Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh to the south and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the south east. It covers 243,290 square kilometres (93,933 sq mi), equal to 6.88% of the total area of India, and is the fourth largest Indian state by area. With over 200 million inhabitants in 2011, it is the most populous state in the country as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. Hindi is the official and most widely spoken language in its 75 districts. Uttar Pradesh is the third largest Indian state by economy, with a GDP of ₹9763 billion (US$140 billion). Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state's economy. The service sector comprises travel and tourism, hotel industry, real estate, insurance and financial consultancies. Uttar Pradesh was home to powerful empires of ancient and medieval India. The two major rivers of the state, the Ganges and Yamuna, join at Allahabad and then flow as the Ganges further east. The state has several historical, natural, and religious tourist destinations, such as the Agra, Varanasi, Piprahwa, Raebareli, Kaushambi, Kanpur, Ballia, Shravasti, Gorakhpur, Unnao, Chauri Chaura situated in Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Lucknow, Jhansi, Allahabad, Budaun, Meerut, Mathura, Jaunpur and Muzaffarnagar.
    - Gorakhpur is a city located along the banks of Rapti river in the north-eastern parts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 673,446. It is located near the Nepal border, 273 kilometres east of the state capital Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarter of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. The city is home to the Gorakshanath Temple (Gorakhnath Math).The name "Gorakhpur" comes from the Sanskrit Gorakshapuram, which means abode of Gorakshanath, a renowned ascetic who was a prominent saint of the Nath Sampradaya.
    - *****坎普爾（印地語：कानपुर）Kanpur，前身為孔坡（Cawnpore）is a metropolis in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. The greater metropolis is divided into two districts: the urban district of Kanpur Nagar and the rural district of Kanpur Dehat. With the city being situated in the urban district, along with some other townships; while the rural settlements making up the rural district. The word Kanpur itself always refers and applies to the city in the urban district, while Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur, and Kanpur City can be and are used interchangably. Though, historical usage may extend to the city's outer limits which now form the rural district. It is because of its history that both the separate districts are considered part of the single metropolis. The city is famous for its leather and textile industries. It is the 12th most populous city and the 11th most populous urban agglomeration in India. It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947, when India gained independence. Kanpur Nagar serves as the headquarters of the Kanpur Division, Kanpur Range and Kanpur Zone. On the west bank of the river Ganga, it is a major trade and commercial centre in North India, with the first woolen mill of India, commonly known as the Lal Imli (literally meaning "Red Tamarind", for a brand produced by the mill) by the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander MacRobert. The eastern and northern facades of the mill are reminiscent of the Palace of Westminster, due to their architecture, proximity to the Ganga river and with the north-east corner of the mill being topped by a clock tower similar to that of the iconic Big Ben in London. This similarity cements the city's importance and prestige during the British times, which extends till date; making the Lal Imli — a great highlight of the city. The city is also widely regarded as the "Leather City of the World" and is predominantly nicknamed as the "Manchester of the East", with some versions going as: the "Manchester of India" — a title shared with other British industrial hubs of their time: cities like Ahmedabad and Surat.
    • history
      • In 1207, Raja Kanh Deo of the Kanhpuria clan established the village of Kanhpur, which later came to be known as Kanpur.


      巴罗达  Vadodara (Gujarati pronunciation: [ʋəˈɽodəɾɑː]; formerly known as Baroda) is the third-largest[7] city in the Indian state of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. It is known as a Sanskari city of India.The city is known for the Lakshmi Vilas Palace, the residence of Baroda State's Maratha royal family, the Gaekwads. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, the largest university in Gujarat.The first recorded history of the city is that of the early trader settlers who settled in the region in 812 AD. The province was mainly Hindu-dominated with Hindu kings ruling until 1297. The Gupta Empire was the first power in the region in the early years of the CE. Later, the region was taken over by the Chaulukya dynasty. By this time Muslim rule had spread across India, and the reins of power were then snatched by the Delhi Sultans. The city was ruled for a long time by these Sultans until they were overthrown by the Mughals.
      - art




      Vaishali was a city in Bihar, India, and is now an archeological site. It is a part of the Tirhut Division  (Tirhut). It was the capital city of the Licchavi, considered one of the first example of a republic, in the Vajjian Confederacy (Vrijji) mahajanapada, around the 6th century BCE. It was here in 599 BCE the 24th Jain Tirthankara, Bhagwan Mahavira was born and brought up in Kundalagrama in Vaiśālī republic, which makes it a pious and auspicious pilgrimage to Jains. Also Gautama Buddhapreached his last sermon before his death in c. 483 BCE, then in 383 BCE the Second Buddhist council was convened here by King Kalasoka, making it an important place in both Jain and Buddhist religions.[2][3][4] It contains one of the best-preserved of the Pillars of Ashoka, topped by a single Asiatic lion. At the time of the Buddha, Vaiśālī, which he visited on many occasions, was a very large city, rich and prosperous, crowded with people and with abundant food. There were 7,707 pleasure grounds and an equal number of lotus ponds. Its courtesan, Amrapali, was famous for her beauty, and helped in large measure in making the city prosperous.[5] The city had three walls, each one gāvuta away from the other, and at three places in the walls were gates with watch towers. Outside the town, leading uninterruptedly up to the Himalaya, was the Mahavana,[6] a large, natural forest. Nearby were other forests, such as Gosingalasāla. The city finds mention in the travel accounts of Chinese explorers, Faxian (4th century CE) and Xuanzang (7th century CE), which were later used in 1861 by British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham to first identify Vaiśālī with the present village of Basrah in Vaishali District, Bihar.

      west bengal
      - Darjeeling District (pronunciation: dɑ:rʤi:lɪŋ) is the northernmost district of the state of West Bengal in eastern India in the foothills of the Himalayas. The district is famous for its hill stations (often referred to as the Queen of the Hills) and Darjeeling tea. Darjeeling is the district headquarters. Kurseong, Siliguri and Mirik, three other major towns in the district, are the subdivisional headquarters of the district. Kalimpong was one of the subdivisions but on 14 February 2017, it officially became a separate Kalimpong district. Geographically, the district can be divided into two broad divisions: the hills and the plains. The entire hilly region of the district comes under the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, a semi-autonomous administrative body under the state government of West Bengal. This body covers the three hill subdivisions of Darjeeling, Kurseong and Mirik and the district of Kalimpong. The foothills of Darjeeling Himalayas, which comes under the Siliguri subdivision, is known as the Terai. The district is bounded on the north by Sikkim, on the south by Kishanganj district of Bihar state, on the east by Kalimpong district and on the west by Nepal. The name Darjeeling comes from the Tibetan words, Dorje (thunderbolt) and Ling (place or land), meaning the land of the thunderbolt. The history of Darjeeling district is linked to that of the Sikkim, East India Company, Nepal and Bhutan. Most of Darjeeling formed a part of dominions of the Chogyal of Sikkim, who had been engaged in an unsuccessful warfare against the Gorkhas of Nepal. From 1780, the Gorkhas made several attempts to capture the entire region of Darjeeling. By the beginning of 19th century, they had overrun Sikkim as far eastward as the Teesta River and had conquered and annexed the Terai. In the meantime, the British were engaged in preventing the Gorkhas from over-running the whole of the northern frontier. The Anglo-Gorkha war broke out in 1814, which resulted in the defeat of the Gorkhas and subsequently led to the signing of the Sugauli Treaty in 1815. According to the treaty, Nepal had to cede all those territories which the Gorkhas had annexed from the Chogyal of Sikkim to the British East India Company (i.e., the area between Mechi River and Teesta River). In 1817, through the Treaty of Titalia, the British East India Company reinstated the Chogyal of Sikkim, restored all the tracts of land between the Mechi and the Teesta rivers to the Chogyal of Sikkim and guaranteed his sovereignty. In 1835, the hill of Darjeeling, including an enclave of 138 square miles (360 km2), was given to the British East India Company by Sikkim. In November 1864, the Treaty of Sinchula was executed in which the Bhutan Dooars with the passes leading into the hills and Kalimpong were ceded to the British by Bhutan. The Darjeeling district can be said to have assumed its present shape and size in 1866 with an area of 1234 sq. miles. Before 1861 and from 1870 to 1874, Darjeeling District was a "Non-Regulated Area" (where acts and regulations of the British Raj did not automatically apply in the district in line with rest of the country, unless specifically extended). From 1862 to 1870, it was considered a "Regulated Area". The phrase "Non-Regulated Area" was changed to "Scheduled District" in 1874 and again to "Backward Tracts" in 1919. The status was known as "Partially Excluded Area" from 1935 until the independence of India. On 14 February 2017, Kalimpong district was carved out of Darjeeling district.

      • http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2099765/hills-fire-whats-brewing-darjeeling Armed soldiers and paramilitary forces are patrolling the streets, and blood has been shed as the masses rise to revive a long-running demand for “Gorkhaland”– a state of their own within India, named after the majority population of Gurkhas, and separate from the state of West Bengal, which has ruled the hills from the city of Calcutta for decades. http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2099765/hills-fire-whats-brewing-darjeeling
      Andaman Islands
      - http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21617000-india-eyes-strategic-opportunity-bay-bengal-outpost-springboard

      River Ganges
      - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/dadfae24-b23e-11e4-b380-00144feab7de.html  Gaumukh, the source of the River Ganges, is one of the most sacred places in Hinduism. But in truth the entire river, flowing for more than 2,500km across north India from the mountainous haunts of the snow leopard (we see prints on the way down) to the tiger-infested mangrove swamps of the Bay of Bengal, is holy. Ma Ganga or Mother Ganges, described by Harvard religious scholar Diana Eck as “the archetype of sacred waters”, is worshipped as a goddess by Hindus worldwide. Her water has even been ceremonially poured into a well built on the orders of a generous 19th-century maharaja for the English villagers of Stoke Row, near Reading. The crisis afflicting their emblematic river has not escaped Indians themselves. Narendra Modi, the Hindu nationalist leader who swept to power in last year’s election, abandoned his constituency back home in Gujarat and chose the ancient city of Varanasi (Benares) on the Ganges as his parliamentary seat. He called the river his mother and promised a clean-up. Hundreds of millions of dollars worth of projects since the 1980s have failed in this aim, and when Modi met President Barack Obama for an informal White House dinner last September, the talk turned almost immediately to climate change and the new effort to clean the polluted Ganges. Obama told Modi that the river in his native Chicago, once so filthy it used to catch fire, was now a place where fish were caught and eaten. “That’s exactly what I want for the Ganga,” said Modi. Delhi’s Yamuna River, one of the great tributaries of the Ganges, is a good place to start. Portrayed in Indian legend as a natural paradise of lilies, turtles and fish enjoyed by the flute-playing Krishna and his adoring gopis, almost all its waters are now diverted above the capital for irrigation. In the dry season before the monsoon, what flows from greater Delhi’s 25 million inhabitants towards Agra and the Taj Mahal is a toxic mixture of sewage and industrial waste, foaming hideously into windblown heaps of spume as it passes the Okhla barrage.


        politics
        - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-4734778/Modi-boosts-grip-power-alliance-scandal-hit-India-state.htmlBihar chief minister Nitish Kumar, once an arch-rival of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and genuine prime minister prospect after the rapid decline of the opposition Congress party, has aligned with the Hindu nationalist leader to form a new government in Bihar.
        The outspoken Nitish Kumar took the oath as Bihar's chief minister just hours after standing down in protest at corruption allegations against his last coalition partner.
        The link up between Kumar's Janata Dal United party and the prime minister's right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) further tightens Modi's grip on power ahead of national elections in 2019.

        Country Promotion
        - Know India Programme http://www.cgihk.gov.in/whatsnew.php?id=9 Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs has been organising the Know India Program(KIP) to create awareness about the phenomenal transformation taking place in India and the country's progress from a destination for culture, heritage and art to an emerging powerhouse in the global economic system. Twenty seven such programmes have been organised up till now in partnership with different states. Know India Programme is a three-week orientation programme for diaspora youth conducted with a view to promote awareness on different facets of life in India and the progress made by the country in various fields e.g. economic, industrial, education, science & technology, communication & information technology, culture. KIP provides a unique forum for students & young professionals of Indian origin to visit India, share their views, expectations & experiences and to develop closer bonds with the contemporary India. 4-5 such programmes are conducted every year. Indian Diaspora Youth in the age group of 18-26 years, who have distinguished themselves in any field and have abiding interest in India and links with India through parentage, are considered for selection. - See more at: http://www.cgihk.gov.in/whatsnew.php?id=9#sthash.hWFMzlMz.ru20r0bz.dpuf
        - quiz https://www.bharatkojaniye.in/know_india


        Port led Export promotion
        - http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/india-ports-idUSL3N1044B120150806 Mumbai's commercial seaport, which handles over half the container traffic through India's major ports, is doubling capacity as Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeks to build an export powerhouse. The expansion, due to be completed in seven years, can't come quickly enough for Avinash Gupta, whose family business supplies steel forgings to Europe and the United States from the industrial hub of Ludhiana in northern India. Yet the greatest challenge his $30 million business faces is getting his production to port. Gupta pays nearly $800 to a state-run rail cargo company to transport a 20-foot container to Mumbai - as much as 40 times the cost of shipping it onward to the Gulf commercial hub of Dubai. It is exporters like Gupta that Modi had in mind when he launched his 'Make in India' drive last September, laying out a model of "port-led" development that would support industrial growth and help create manufacturing jobs. Modi's vision includes creating a tax union to slash costs and transport times, and a network of industrial corridors connecting the interior to ports. But political opposition to both the new tax and a law making it easier to buy land for development mean those may be years away.

        Ministers background
        - Narendra Modi, Indian prime minister, on Tuesday inducted 19 new ministers into his government in an attempt to appeal to constituencies beyond his party’s traditional upper-caste Hindu base and with an eye on a clutch ofupcoming state elections. The prime minister’s choices — many from the lower rungs of Hinduism’s hierarchical caste ladder, and from a range of states — appear to reflect complex caste calculations ahead of next year’s legislative assembly elections in the bellwether state of Uttar Pradesh, and other state votes due in 2017. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2652ae82-428b-11e6-9b66-0712b3873ae1.html
        Civil Service
        - Indian leader brings civil servants into the decision-making loop
        http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2014-11/15/content_18918611.htm

        Caste
        - http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21693613-higher-castes-demanding-lower-status-make-mockery-positive-discrimination-backward-ho, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616 India has in recent weeks seen some of its most concerted protests because of caste. At least 18 people were killed and hundreds injured in violent protests by members of the Jat community who are unhappy about the caste quota system, as they say it puts them at a disadvantage in government jobs and at state-run educational institutes. The BBC explains the complexities of India's caste system. India's caste system is among the world's oldest forms of surviving social stratification. The system which divides Hindus into rigid hierarchical groups based on their karma (work) and dharma (the Hindi word for religion, but here it means duty) is generally accepted to be more than 3,000 years old.

        nationality
        - The Passports Act is an act of the Parliament of India "for the issue of passports and travel documents, to regulate the departure from India of citizens of India and for other persons and for matters incidental or ancillary thereto." The Act applies to whole of India extending to citizens of India living outside the country. The Act replaced the Indian Passport Ordinance 1967 and was enacted by Act 15 of 1967 with retrospective effect from 5 May 1967. The act describes the procedures in getting an Indian passport. In conformity with Article 9 of Indian Constitution, the Act does not allow dual citizenship. Under Section 12 of the Act, a person must surrender his passport if he has acquired the citizenship of foreign country.

        citizenship
        - The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register containing names of all genuine Indian citizens. The register was first prepared after the 1951 Census of India. The NRC is now being updated in Assam to include the names of those persons (or their descendants) who appear in the NRC, 1951, or in any of the Electoral Rolls up to midnight of 24 March 1971[5] or in any one of the other admissible documents issued up to midnight of 24 March 1971, which would prove their presence in Assam or in any part of India on or before 24 March 1971. The update process of NRC started in the year 2013, when the Supreme Court of India passed orders for its update. Since then, the Supreme Court (bench of Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi and Rohintan Fali Nariman) have been monitoring it continuously. The entire project is headed by the State Coordinator of National Registration, Assam, Mr Prateek Hajela[6]; under the strict monitoring of the Supreme Court of India.The purpose of NRC update is to identify Indian citizens from amongst all the residents of Assam thereby leading to identification of illegal migrants residing in Assam, who entered Indian territories after the midnight of 24 March 1971 and to determine the citizenship of the applicants who have applied for inclusion of their names in the updated NRC.

        • In the 19th and 20th centuries, Colonial Assam (1826–1947) witnessed migration from various provinces of British India especially after the Yandabo treaty (signed on 24 February 1826). And this unrelenting migration from East Pakistan, now known as Bangladesh led to a perceptible change in the demographic pattern in some districts of the Province.The liberal attitude of the Colonial authorities further encouraged the continuous arrival of peasants from Bengal to Assam in search of fertile lands. Between 1948 and 1971, there were large scale migrations from Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) to Assam. Given this continuing influx of illegal migrants from Bangladesh into Assam, student leaders in 1979 came out in fierce protest demanding detention, disenfranchisement and deportation of illegal immigrants from Assam.[14] The historic movement which came to be known as Assam Agitation or Assam Movement was initiated by All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) and All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP) and lasted a span of 6 years.[15] Reportedly considered by various intellectual and media forums as one of the largest mass movement led by students’ union, the six-year-long agitation left behind thousands of bleeding hearts, empty wombs, and bloodstained fields. The movement, however, culminated in the signing of the landmark Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) - the Assam Accord. It was signed by the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU), Central and State Governments on 15 August 1985,[16] at the behest of then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in New Delhi. The Accord ended the agitation[17] and it brought along a number of clauses that were to be implemented to curb the illegal immigration issue. As per the Assam Accord, 1 January 1966 was determined to be the precise date based on which the detention and deletion of illegal immigrants from Assam will take place. It allowed citizenship for all persons coming to Assam from "Specified Territory" before the cut-off date. It further specifies that all persons who came to Assam prior to 1 January 1966 (inclusive) and up to 24 March 1971 (midnight) shall be detected in accordance with the provisions of the Foreigners Act, 1946 and the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1939. Name of foreigners so detected will be deleted from the Electoral Rolls in force. Such persons will be required to register themselves before the Registration Officers of the respective districts in accordance with the provisions of the Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939 and the Registration of Foreigners Rules, 1939. Foreigners who came to Assam on or after 25 March 1971 shall continue to be detected, deleted and expelled in accordance with law. However, even after the Accord was put in place and signed, the process of detecting and expelling immigrants never really officially took place. In fact, the only attempt at detecting foreigners by updating the National Register in Assam was through a Pilot Project which was started in 2 circles (referred to as Tehsil in some states), one in Kamrup district and another in Barpeta district in the year 2010, which ended abruptly within 4 weeks amidst a huge law and order problem involving a mob attack on the Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Barpeta that resulted in police firing killing 4 persons.[19] Considering the volatile nature of the issue, for a long time particularly after the experience of the pilot project, NRC update was considered almost an impossible task.
        • https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49520593India has published the final version of a list which effectively strips about 1.9 million people in the north-eastern state of Assam of their citizenship. The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list of people who can prove they came to the state by 24 March 1971, the day before neighbouring Bangladesh declared independence from Pakistan. People left off the list will have 120 days to appeal against their exclusion. It is unclear what happens next.


        Tourism
        - https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/tvoa.html e-Tourist Visa Facility is available for nationals of certain countries including hk

        Land
        - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2bba915c-18fa-11e5-a130-2e7db721f996.html As the country shifts from an agrarian to an industrialised economy, selling farmland fairly is a priority

        Infrastructure
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b101156-f310-11e4-a979-00144feab7de.html Modi’s plans to improve roads, ports and railways look set to be hampered by debt-ridden companies
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cec50dae-a974-11e5-9700-2b669a5aeb83.html
        When Suresh Prabhu became the Indian railways minister just over a year ago, he inherited an empire with 1.3m staff and even more pensioners; tracks that stretch for the equivalent of one and a half times the circumference of the globe; and 21,000 trains. Sadly for both Mr Prabhu and his country, such remarkable reach — China’s People’s Liberation Army is one of the few bodies that has more workers — comes with a notorious bureaucracy attached. It took 18 months, for instance, to decide whether the mugs in the washrooms of second class sleepers should be attached to the wall by chains, while a decision on charging points for mobile phones needs to be made at the very top of the hierarchy.
        - Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor 
        - airport

        • https://www.ft.com/content/b4eb62a4-cea1-11e6-b8ce-b9c03770f8b1 India’s long history of inviting the private sector to invest alongside the government in building roads, ports, power plants or airports has not been a particularly happy one for either side. But officials say they have learnt from the mistakes of the past, pledging that Navi Mumbai will be a new model for joint endeavours. It will be a private-public partnership where 74 per cent of the equity will be held by the developer and 26 per cent by Cidco. Prime minister Narendra Modi has made upgrading India’s infrastructure a priority. For Mumbai, a Cidco study shows that every $100 spent on air transport generates benefits worth $325 for the economy and every 100 air transport jobs create an additional 600 jobs. However, Navi Mumbai ’s momentum has slowed after Cidco’s bidding process got off to a shaky start this month, with only one bidder submitting a proposal in time for its deadline. Other challenges loom. The biggest problem for the most ambitious projects in the country has been land acquisition. The difficulty of amassing the land for a new airport is not unique to India, of course. 
        - ports
        • https://www.ft.com/content/b6892980-2e68-11e7-9555-23ef563ecf9a Off a dusty stretch of coast under the scorching Gujarat sun, dredgers are reclaiming hundreds of hectares of land from the Arabian Sea in the latest challenge to India’s once-dominant state-owned ports: a private deepwater terminal that will handle 20m tonnes a year of everything from textiles to cement.
        - bogibeel bridge Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday inaugurated the 4.94 .. * The bridge has been thrown open on the birth anniversary o .. 
        Read more at:


        Tax
        - http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21631147-fix-indias-indirect-tax-system-overdue-it-may-fall-short, http://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1633087/indias-finance-minister-says-reform-will-take-time, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-2821649/Indias-finance-minister-says-economic-reforms-long-journey.html
        - simplification

        • http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21684824-indias-excitable-politics-blocking-best-chance-promoting-growth-one-country-no-single


        - proposed GST
        • http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/92cf6c04-707c-11e4-9129-00144feabdc0.html Global companies in India’s alcoholic drinks sector are lobbying to avoid exclusion from a proposed goods and services tax, one of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s most significant forthcoming economic reforms.  Paying a single nationwide tax instead of the current multitude of state-level levies would simplify payments and lower the cost of doing business.
        Stock market
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/386c95b0-1fff-11e5-aa5a-398b2169cf79.html India’s government faces rising investor pressure to push forward with long-delayed plans to float the country’s two main stock exchanges, according to people familiar with the situation. Dozens of international investors bought stakes over the past decade in both the Bombay Stock Exchange, Asia’s oldest bourse, and its larger rival the National Stock Exchange, many in expectation of an eventual flotation.

        Universities
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/40735e6c-5176-11e5-b029-b9d50a74fd14.html For generations of aspiring Indians, the pinnacle of business education has been a diploma from the prestigious Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which have operated independently under autonomous boards. Indian companies compete fiercely each year to snap up the newly minted graduatesfrom these standalone institutions. But the IIMs’ cherished autonomy is under threat. In June, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government unveiled draft legislation that would permit the institutes to award MBAs and PhDs but would also establish government control over the institutes.
        - http://www.economist.com/news/business/21672290-crowded-home-market-encouraging-some-institutions-expand-abroad-go-forth-and-multiply FOREIGN universities crave access to India’s booming higher-education market. Less well known is how some Indian institutions are venturing overseas. Atul Chauhan, the chancellor of Amity University, rattles off a list of countries, including America, Britain, China, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates, where his Indian outfit has so far opened operations. This month Amity, a non-profit which, unusually, is owned by a for-profit conglomerate, AKC Group, will open its latest foreign outpost, in Romania. Next on its list are Australia, Germany, Brazil and Japan, among others. “Our target is 50 countries in the next ten years,” says Mr Chauhan. Amity’s original campus is a set of red-brick-and-glass towers, east of Delhi, whose media-studies department is better equipped than professional broadcasters’ studios nearby. It offers more than 240 courses (engineering and business dominate) and says it has 125,000 students, most at 20-plus sites in India, with roughly 10,000 now enrolled overseas.


        Civil service
        - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9649cb44-3ddb-11e6-8716-a4a71e8140b0.html
        More than 10m current and former Indian civil servants have been awarded a 23 per cent rise in salaries, allowances and pensions — a windfall aimed at boosting private consumption that will add to pressure on New Delhi’s finances. The move, which will cost about $15bn a year, or 0.7 per cent of gross domestic product, was proposed in November by an independent pay commission constituted once a decade to review civil servants’ pay and recommend increases.



        Strike
        - http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21663217-nationwide-strike-protest-proposed-reforms-was-strangely-passionless-affair-indias TEN of India’s 12 trade-union federations joined a nationwide strike yesterday to protest at proposals to reform India’s employment laws. The strike was billed as the biggest show of strength by unions for years, perhaps ever, with industries from coal mining, banking and transport affected. The unions claimed 150m workers downed tools or pens. Labour bosses ramped up the rhetoric. Tapan Sen, general-secretary of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions spoke of the workers’ anger at “the attempts to deny their basic rights by amending the labour laws to benefit the national and multinational corporations”. He claimed several industries were brought to a standstill.



        welfare
        - http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21716027-india-should-replace-its-thicket-welfare-payments-single-payment-india-debates-case

        Anti-poverty
        - http://www.economist.com/news/international/21638127-developing-countries-are-cutting-fraud-and-waste-anti-poverty-schemes-deciding-who
        - http://www.economist.com/news/international/21638129-cutting-fuel-subsidies-makes-space-ambitious-income-top-up-scheme-full-promise

        military
        - reform

        • economist 18jan2020 "a major modern general" the armed forces get their biggest shake-up in decades


        military exercise
        - Maldives has declined India's invitation to participate in the biennial naval exercise Milan, which starts 6 March, Navy Chief Admiral Sunil Lanba said on Tuesday.Maldives has not not given any reason for the decision, Lanba told reporters on the sidelines of an event in New Delhi. Navy sources said over 16 countries have confirmed their participation in the exercise. These include Australia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, New Zealand, Oman, Vietnam, Thailand, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya and Cambodia. The Indian military's Andaman and Nicobar Command is going to host biennial multinational naval event 'Milan-2018' at Port Blair from 6-13 March with the underlying theme of "friendship across the seas". The event will see a mix of professional exercises and seminars, social events and sporting fixtures. The inaugural address will be delivered by Lanba. The social interactions planned during Milan 2018 include display by Indian Army and navy bands, ship visits and colourful cultural evenings. Several events will be open to the public including displays by sky diving team, Beating the Retreat and naval continuity drill. http://www.firstpost.com/india/milan-naval-exercise-maldives-declines-indias-invitation-to-participate-without-giving-any-reason-4368857.html
        Defense procurement
        - http://sputniknews.com/world/20150216/1018326220.html India has scrapped a deal with France to buy 126 Rafale medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA), after three years of negotiations, due to the high cost of the project.

        Read more: http://sputniknews.com/world/20150216/1018326220.html#ixzz3RzPdmDLY

        Energy
        - http://www.scmp.com/business/markets/article/1822677/india-assumes-larger-role-asias-crude-oil-markets Almost unnoticed, India is starting to exercise increasing influence on crude oil markets in Asia.
        The South Asian nation has doubled imports to almost 4 million barrels per day (bpd) in the past decade, in the process overtaking Japan, Germany and South Korea to become the world’s third-biggest importer behind China and the United States. Its importance to the outlook for crude oil over the next decade becomes even more apparent in the light of slowing demand growth in China, the likelihood of at best steady consumption in much of the developed world and declining demand in Japan. Two recent events underscored the importance that India is assuming in Asian crude oil markets: the visit by a senior official of Saudi Arabia’s state oil giant and talks between Indian refiners and Iraq over filling strategic storage. The main news from the visit of Ahmed Al-Subaey, Saudi Aramco’s executive director for marketing, to New Delhi last week was that the kingdom is ready to boost output in coming months to meet rising global demand. That was information useful to market players, but what wasn’t discussed in public was what the Aramco executive was talking about with the Indian oil officials he met. It doesn’t require much imagination to conclude that the Saudis are interested in expanding their relationship with India, given it is becoming the main driver of crude demand growth in Asia, something Al-Subaey acknowledged.
        Nuclear
        - Diplomats have quietly launched a new push to induct India into a club of nuclear trading nations, but rather than increasing stability in South Asia, the move could escalate strains with rival Pakistan. The chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) visited New Delhi recently to meet foreign ministerSushma Swaraj as part of a diplomatic "outreach" that seeks to build a consensus to admit India at its annual meeting next June. Membership of the 48-nation club would bring India into the nuclear fold 41 years after it tested its first nuclear bomb, and give the nation of 1.25 billion a vested interest in curbing the world's most dangerous regional arms race. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nuclear-club-eyes-Indian-inclusion-but-risks-Pakistans-ire/articleshow/49907684.cms


        Traditional medicine
        - Ayurveda (Sanskrit: Āyurveda , "life-knowledge"; English pronunciation /ˌaɪ.ərˈveɪdə/) orAyurvedic medicine is a system of traditional Hindu medicine native to the Indian subcontinent. Contemporary practices derived from Ayurvedic traditions are a type ofalternative medicine. Ayurveda is a discipline of the upaveda or "auxiliary knowledge" inVedic tradition. The origins of Ayurveda are also found in the Atharvaveda, which contains 114 hymns and incantations described as magical cures for disease. There are also various legendary accounts of the origin of Ayurveda, e.g., that it was received by Dhanvantari (orDivodasa) from Brahma. Ayurvedic practices include the use of herbal medicines, mineral or metal supplementation (rasa shastra), surgical techniques, opium, and application of oil by massages.

        Environment
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4c8fdda6-9a9b-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa.html Delhi will become the latest megacity to impose drastic restrictions on cars in an attempt to limit air pollution, with the government of India’s largest city banning cars from roads on alternate days from January 1 based on their number plates. The decision was made at an emergency meeting on Friday under chief minister Arvind Kejriwal a day after the Delhi High Court compared being in the Indian capital to “living in a gas chamber” and ordered remedial action.

        water crisis
        - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/96687242-009b-11e6-ac98-3c15a1aa2e62.html

        museum
        - http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/govt-initiates-14-point-agenda-on-museum-reforms-115122700242_1.html The Ministry of Culture in an effort to bring qualitative changes in museums in the country to keep pace with the International developments in the field, has initiated 14 point agenda on Museum Reforms in 2009. There are various National level museums, namelyNational Museum (New Delhi), 3 wings of NationalGallery of Modern Art (Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai), Indian Museum (Kolkata), Victoria Memorial Hall (Kolkata), Salarjung Museum (Hyderabad), 23 Science Centre under National Council of Science Museum (Kolkata) and Allahabad Museum (Allahabad), which are directly under the administrative control of the Ministry of Culture.

        official language
        - 1950: The Indian constitution declared that Hindi would be our official language, and the use of English would be dropped by 1965. https://www.quora.com/Why-did-British-make-English-official-for-Indians

        Literature
        - Indian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent, traditionally calledKavya (or Kāvya; Sanskrit: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá). The Ramayana and Mahabharata, originally composed in Sanskrit and translated thereafter into many other Indian languages, are some of the oldest surviving epic poems on earth and form part of itihāsa, which roughly means tradition, or (oral) history.


        Manufacturing
        - make in india campaign

        • letter 10mar16 by profs to ft editor in columbia university on india should change from make in india to invest in india 


        - National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZ) 

        • The imminent final approval for the NIMZ, which is expected to give a fillip to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Make in India campaign, comes four years after the concept was mooted to boost manufacturing in the country and two years after the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion gave an in-principle nod to Andhra Pradesh in this regard.  NIMZ could not take off because states did not have the required land available. But we want to make the best of what we have, hence we are going ahead with the approval for Andhra Pradesh," said a senior government official. DIPP has relaxed the requirement of land for setting up an NIMZ, from 50 sq km to 10 sq km.
          The state will have to acquire the remaining land in the next fourfive years. The NIMZ will comprise a special purpose vehicle and a developer, along with the state and the central governments as stakeholders. DIPP has in the past four years given in-principle approval to 12 NIMZs in Nagpur in Maharashtra; Tumkur, Kolar, Gulbarga and Bidar in Karnataka; Medak in Telangana; Chittor in Rajasthan and Kalinganagar in Odisha, among others. However, none of the states other than Andhra Pradesh has been able to make any headway yet. The manufacturing policy puts the onus on the central government to provide external physical infrastructure linkages to the NIMZs including rail, road, ports, airports and telecom, in a time-bound manner and also provide viability gap funding wherever required.http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-21/news/66760948_1_andhra-pradesh-nimz-manufacturing-zone


        specialty food
        - masala chai

        Minority culture
        - At government functions in the state, only "Tamil Thaai Vazhthu" (invocation song of mother Tamil), penned by Manomaniam Sundaram Pillai, is played in the beginning and the national anthem towards the end of the events.Massive protests took place at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras on Tuesday over rendering of a Sanskrit invocation song at an event. Students holding protests said a Tamil song should have been sung at the event, which was attended by two union ministers. Traditionally, in Tamil Nadu, a Tamil song is sung at state government functions. As per a report in PTI, IIT Madras students sung 'Maha Ganapathim Manasa Smarami', penned by late poet Muthuswami Dikshithar, as the invocation song soon after the arrival of dignitaries for the foundation stone laying ceremony of National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts, to be set up along with IIT Madras.http://www.timesnownews.com/india/video/indian-institute-of-technology-madras-tamil-nadu-iit-sanskrit-tamil-manomaniam-sundaram-pillai-tamil-thaai-vazhthu-vaiko-nitin-gadkari-pon/203117

        religion
        - scmp 31mar19 "moments of truce" muslim-hindu riots in uttar pradesh helped propel narendra modi to power. Six years on, peace could help kick him out

        christianity
        - San Thome Basilica is a Roman Catholic (Latin Rite) minor basilica in Santhome, in the city of Chennai (Madras), India. It was built in the 16th century by Portuguese explorers, over the tomb of Saint Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. In 1893, it was rebuilt as a church with the status of a cathedral by the British. The British version still stands today. It was designed in Neo-Gothic style, favoured by British architects in the late 19th century.  According to legend St Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, arrived at Muzirisin present-day Kerala state in India from the Roman province of Judea in A.D. 52 and preached between A.D. 52 and A.D 72, when he was martyred on St. Thomas Mount.

        islam
        - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-politics-religion/india-excludes-4-million-people-from-draft-citizens-list-in-assam-state-idUSKBN1KK0EE More than 4 million people were excluded from a draft list of citizens released on Monday by a census official for India’s northeastern border state of Assam, in a long-running campaign against immigrants, sparking uncertainty about their future.Resource-rich Assam, which borders Muslim-majority Bangladesh, is in the grip of social and communal tension as residents campaign against illegal immigrants, a fight backed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist-led government. Of more than 32 million people who submitted documents to prove their citizenship, the names of 4,007,707 were missing, Sailesh, India’s registrar general and census commissioner, told a televised news briefing in Assam’s main city of Guwahati. 

        jews
        - The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest active synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations, located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India. Constructed in 1567, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan or Yehudan Mappila people or Cochin Jewish community in the Kingdom of Cochin. Paradesi is a word used in several Indian languages, and the literal meaning of the term is "foreigners", applied to the synagogue because it was built by Sephardic or Spanish-speaking Jews, some of them from families exiled in Aleppo, Safed and other West Asian localities. It is also referred to as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue. The synagogue is located in the quarter of Old Cochin known as Jew Town,[2] and is the only one of the seven synagogues in the area still in use. 


        Indian diaspora
        - Persons of Indian Origin Card (PIO Card) was a form of identification issued to a Person of Indian Origin who held a passport in a country other than Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. On 9 January 2015, the Person of Indian Origin card scheme was withdrawn by the Government of India and was merged with the Overseas Citizen of India card scheme. All currently held PIO cards are treated as OCI cards. PIO card holders will get a special stamp in their existing PIO card, saying "lifelong validity" and "registration not required", thus making them equal to existing OCI cards. An extended deadline was given where the card could be converted for free to an OCI before 30 June 2017.
        - 綜合《印度時報》、《印度斯坦時報》及法新社報道：新冠疫情在全球持續蔓延，印度政府宣布將開啟全球撤僑行動，準備專機和軍艦從世界各地接回受疫情影響而滯留在外的印度公民。首輪撤僑自7日起為期一周，預計將接回14800人，官方預計完整行動將涉及約20萬人。但分析指，僅迪拜就收到近20萬份撤僑申請，實際數字或將遠超預計、規模巨大難以完成；加上印度國內疫情仍在惡化，撤僑時機受質疑。這項撤僑行動已被正式命名為「致敬印度任務」（Mission Vande Bharat），印當局自5月7日起至14日啟動第一輪行動，將派遣64架專機，從美國、英國、新加坡、阿聯酋等13個國家或地區接回近15000萬健康公民，首次航班定於7日從阿聯酋和卡塔爾飛返。印度外交部稱，未來一個星期內，這些專機平均每日將載回2000人，並優先考慮孕婦、長者等脆弱人群。抵達印度後，衛生當局將對乘客進行再一次篩檢，所有撤僑回國人員還必須在醫院或收容所隔離14天；隔離結束後再接受病毒檢測。　　同時，印海軍已集結了14艘軍艦啟動中東撤僑任務，其中一艘軍艦則駛向阿聯酋，該國共有330萬印度勞工，約佔這個海灣國家人口的30%。印度海軍還派遣兩艘軍艦前往馬爾代夫。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200507/PDF/a22_screen.pdf
        - in asia

        • http://www.channelnewsasia.com/tv/tvshows/indian-diaspora-in-asia/indian-diaspora-in-asia/3610040.html


          USA
          - The Seventh Meeting of the Economic and Financial Partnership (EFP) was held in New Delhi on 1st November, 2019, between the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of India and the Department of the Treasury of the United States of America. The Indian delegation was led by Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Finance, Government of India and the U.S. delegation was led by Mr. Steven Mnuchin, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.The Seventh Meeting of the India – U.S. Economic and Financial Partnership is meant to deepen the economic partnership between the two countries as a framework, commensurate with the growing importance of our economic relations and significant business and cultural ties that already exist between the two nations, and to undertake further work in a number of areas to improve cooperation and support for economic development. During this meeting of the EFP, both sides had in-depth exchanges of views on a range of issues such as the global, US, and Indian economic outlooks, global debt sustainability, financial sector reforms, leveraging of capital flows and investment, and tackling money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT).https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm819
          - http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-01/26/content_19403559.htm Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi signaled his determination to improve relations with theUnited States by breaking with protocol to meet and give a bear hug to US President BarackObama as Obama landed in New Delhi on Sunday.
          - http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170628/00178_006.html 特朗普宣布美印兩國海軍與日本海上自衞隊，將於七月在印度洋參與聯合訓練，將是在印度洋舉行的一次最大規模演習。日本共同社報道，該個名為馬拉巴爾（Malabar）年度海軍演習始於一九九二年，起初只有美國、印度兩國參與，主要演練海上救援、聯合反恐等。後來軍演規模擴大，新加坡、澳洲、日本等都曾獲邀，演習內容也轉變為聯合作戰。日本於前年成為軍演的正式成員，馬拉巴爾亦變為美印日聯合軍演。
          - diaspora
          • President Donald Trump’s ego was put into vivid effect on Sunday when Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi lathered praise on his American counterpart at a massive rally celebrating the Indian diaspora. The leaders of the world’s two largest democracies took the stage together in Houston before a roaring crowd of tens of thousands of Indian Americans, where Modi delivered an unmistakable endorsement of Trump’s presidency and cast their joint appearance in historic terms.Called “Howdy, Modi”, the event was staged to honour the prime minister and was billed as the largest gathering for an invited foreign leader other than the Pope. Attendees, many of them from Texas’s large Indian diaspora, packed into NRG Stadium, the 72,000-seat home to the NFL’s Houston Texans. Houston is the nation’s most diverse city and home to an estimated 150,000 Indian Americans.M.R. Rangaswami, founder of Indiaspora and an organiser of Sunday’s event, said there was an opportunity for Trump to improve upon his 2016 vote margin.https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3029877/trump-and-modi-appear-together-houston-rally-courting-indian


          Uk
          - India and the UK announced the launch of an Early Market Engagement for the joint UK-India Fund, namely a Green Growth Equity Fund which aims to leverage private sector investment from the City of London to invest in green infrastructure projects in India.http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=160487
          - Coronation Park is a park located on Burari Road near Nirankari Sarovar in Delhi, India. The park is sometimes referred to as the Coronation Memorial; it was the venue of the Delhi Durbar of 1877 when Queen Victoria was proclaimed the Empress of India. Later it was used to celebrate the accession of King Edward VII in 1903, and, finally, it was here that the Durbar commemorating the coronation of King George V as Emperor of India took place on 12 December 1911, subsequent to his coronation at Westminster Abbey in June 1911. This last celebration had all the princely states in attendance. The decision to hold the Coronation Durbars in Delhi at the vast open ground at Coronation Park was a move to emphasise the historical significance of Delhi as the former capital of the Mughal Empire.The monument is now being restored.Also, Coronation Park, by a quirk of circumstances, has the largest and tallest statue of King George V, adorning as it does a lofty pedestal. The statue was moved here in the mid-1960s from a site opposite India Gate in the centre of New Delhi. It is opposite the Obelisk (pictured) called the Coronation Memorial, which commemorates King George V, who presided at that location as Emperor of India in December 1911, and laid the foundation stone for the new capital city of New Delhi.


          - 二戰結束七十周年，各國以不同形式舉辦紀念活動。英國一位印度裔女作家最近趁機出書，指出當時印度在英國殖民管治下，替英國賣命打仗，戰後，英政府卻完全漠視他們所作的犧牲和貢獻。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/10/03/b08-1003.pdf- official visit trivial

          • 英國威廉王子與夫人凱特今日起訪問印度和不丹，但二人起行前，印度有傳英方要求在威廉夫婦參觀泰姬陵前，拆除正在施工的鷹架，英國外交部否認傳聞。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/04/10/b02-0410.pdf
          - colonial
          • http://www.economist.com/news/obituary/21684115-brajraj-kshatriya-birbar-chamupati-singh-mahapatra-last-prince-british-raj-died
          • http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3440319/British-newspaper-reverts-using-Bombay-Mumbai.html British newspaper The Independent will switch back to using Bombay rather than Mumbai when referring to India's financial capital, its editor said Wednesday. Amol Rajan said the move was a stand against what he said was the closed-minded view of Hindu nationalists. The city was officially renamed Mumbai in 1995, a change forced through by the far-right Shiv Sena party. However, within the city, the old colonial name and the Marathi-language name are often used interchangeably.


          Russia
          - http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSL3N1474H020151220 India's prime minister is expected to promote deals for Russian nuclear reactors and military helicopters worth billions of dollars on a trip to Moscow next week, attracted by promises to transfer technology that Western nations have been slow to make.
          Russia and India will manufacture 200 Kamov-226T helicopters in a joint venture, a Russian and an Indian government official said, in the first big step for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's campaign to build a domestic industrial base and reduce the military's dependence on expensive imports.
          Modi, who heads for Moscow on Dec. 23, will also offer Russia a site in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh to build six nuclear reactors of 1,200 megawatts (MW) each, the same sources added. That is in addition to the six Russia is constructing in neighbouring Tamil Nadu state, said the officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to speak to the press.



          Netherlands
          - https://www.ft.com/content/4453f600-ad8b-11e6-9cb3-bb8207902122 India’s government is taking a hardline stance over renewing an investment deal with the Netherlands just days before it expires, which European officials warn could undermine business ties with the rest of the EU.


          Portugal
          - The State of India (Portuguese: Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas. The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, established his headquarters in Cochin(Cochim, Kochi). Subsequent Portuguese governors were not always of viceroy rank. After 1510, the capital of the Portuguese viceroyalty was transferred to Goa. Until the 18th century, the Portuguese governor in Goa had authority over all Portuguesepossessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to southeast Asia. In 1752Mozambique got its own separate government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Macau, Solorand Timor, and its authority was confined to the colonial holdings on the Malabarcoast of present-day India. At the time of the British Indian Empire's dissolution in 1947, Portuguese India was subdivided into three districts located on modern-day India's western coast, sometimes referred to collectively as Goa: These were Goa; Daman (Portuguese: Damão) which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; andDiu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was taken by India after military action. In spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime.
          - http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20161125/PDF/b12_screen.pdf Vasco da Gama in india



          EU
          - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4ded8ca4-3b8a-11e5-bbd1-b37bc06f590c.html India has lashed out at an EU ban on 700 Indian-made generic drugs by saying it would indefinitely freeze talks on a planned free trade agreement with Brussels. In a statement on Wednesday, New Delhi said it was “disappointed and concerned” over the ban on products from “one of the flagship sectors of India” in the latest setback to the reputation of the country’s large pharmaceutical export industry.

          Russia
          - 印度國防部高級官員透露，印俄S-400防空導彈交易相關談判未能達成協議，因為雙方在價格、訓練、技術轉讓等方面的立場相差太遠。這宗軍購協議失敗，折射出印俄關係的微妙變化。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180126/00192_001.html
          - https://www.rbth.com/travel/331951-russians-are-not-allowed-out-of-india-due-to-coronavirus

          france
          - 印度近年積極發展軍力應對中國及巴基斯坦，該國周二從法國接收首架疾風式戰機，防長辛格特意前往法國梅里尼亞克的廠房「收貨」，形容是印度軍隊的里程碑。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191010/00180_006.html

          italy
          - Dr. Cesare Rossi (1919-1993) and his wife, Fiammetta, moved to India in 1953. There, Rossi, an expert in man-made fibres and textiles, founded South India Viscose Ltd. and became director of several important engineering companies. He was the longstanding President of the Italian Chamber of Commerce for India and, in 1978, received the esteemed Ordine al Merito del Lavoro (‘Order of Merit for Labour’), granted to individuals for their exceptional contributions to agriculture, industry and commerce.Rossi and his wife were very close family friends with Vittorio Cacceiandra. Cacceiandra’s grandfather was General Felice Bisleri, who developed and patented the herbal spirit, Ferro-china Bisleri which was sold around the world but a particular success in the United States during the time of Prohibition. The Bisleri plants in India were established in the 1920s and supplied many of the key ingredients in this herbal tonic. According to family history, Vittorio’s father, General Cacceiandra (Felice Bisleri’s son-in-law), was reviewing and reviving the factories worldwide after the disruption of World War 2. He saw Rossi in India shortly after they arrived in 1955 and asked him how water was imbibed (which was at the time through boiling). They then developed the idea of bottling water and Dr. Rossi was placed in charge of directing the process. Rossi also developed the industrial processes for soft drinks such as Dr. Peppino and Limca as a Director of the Parle Group after they acquired Bisleri in 1969.https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-rossi-legacy-an-italian-family-in-bombay

          portugal
          - [antonio m jorge da silva]many fidalgo came to goa to do business. Afonso de albuquerque encouraged portuguese men marrying local indian women to become 大地之子(filhos da terra)


          Uae
          - https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/a.1376631902602755.1073741826.1376465755952703/1810172289248712/?type=3&theater use of thuraya / iridium (us company) satellite phone illegal in india
          - India on Wednesday (Aug 22) rejected an offer by the United Arab Emirates government to give US$100 million to a special fund for Kerala state after its floods which killed more than 400 people.
          The move came despite calls to accept the Gulf state's largesse by Kerala's chief minister who has pleaded for more aid than India's government has so far committed to.

          Read more at https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/india-rejects-uae-government-s-us-100m-flood-disaster-fund-offer-10642396

          africa
          - racism

          • https://www.ft.com/content/84e015d2-15d7-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c According to the Association of African Students in India, the country has about 25,000 African students, about a fifth of whom live in Greater Noida, a purpose-built city around 30km from New Delhi.
            Many of them, like Mr Orji, have been drawn to the area by the promise of cheap international education at various colleges and universities. They have been encouraged by the Indian government, which has promised 50,000 scholarships for African students over the next few years as part of a wider effort to improve relations across the continent. But when they get to India, the students say they often find themselves subject to daily racial harassment. They are also often refused accommodation, meaning that the developments that will accept them can quickly become ghettoised, separating Africans from the rest of Indian society.


          Australia
          - http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1678863/rio-tinto-seeks-modi-support-diamond-project Rio Tinto chief executive Sam Walsh says he has pressed Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for approvals to develop the nation's first diamond discovery in 40 years and set up a US$2 billion iron ore project. Walsh said on Monday he had spoken to Modi three times in the past six months on the planned US$500 million Bunder diamond mine and the Odisha iron ore project in eastern India.
          "We're waiting for approvals, forestry and environment approvals, which I am hopeful will come through in the near term," Walsh said, referring to the Bunder project.
          Iran
          - Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced that India will build and operate a key Iranian port after his talks with President Hassan Rouhani. India would invest $500m (£344m) to develop the strategically important Chabahar port, close to Iran's border with Pakistan, he said. The port would open a transit route to Afghanistan and Central Asia for Indian goods and products, avoiding the land route through Pakistan.http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36356163
          - Iranian President Hassan Rouhani and Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed key areas of bilateral ties with a focus on trade, including the deepwater Chabahar Port. India and Iran also signed nine agreements. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/irans-rouhani-to-meet-pm-visa-oil-and-chabahar-on-the-table-10-facts-1813750

          Pakistan
          - 印度外交部前日表示，印方拘捕兩名從事間諜活動的巴基斯坦外交官，並將二人列為不受歡迎人物，要求廿四小時內離境。巴基斯坦外交部翌日召見印度駐巴高級專員署臨時代辦，對印方毫無根據的指控表示強烈反對，譴責印方違反《維也納外交關係公約》。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200602/00180_021.html
          - http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indus-water-treaty-india-pakistan-10-things-to-know-un-uri-attack/1/771669.html The Indus Water Treaty is a water distribution agreement that was signed on September, 1960 in Karachi between then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan President Ayub Khan.It was the World Bank that orchestrated the pact under which control over six north Indian rivers was divided between India and Pakistan.While India got control over Beas, Ravi and Sutlej, Pakistan was given Indus, Chenab and Jhelum.The rivers controlled by Pakistan actually do not originate there. Instead, they enter the country through India.Indus originates in China while the Chenab and Jhelum originate in India. According to the Treaty, India is allowed to use only 20% of the total water carried by the Indus river.

          • http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/modi-threatens-to-cut-pakistan-s-water-in-revenge-for-militant-attack-j2vsgn8jf 
          • https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/22/india-again-threatens-to-restrict-flow-of-river-water-to-pakistan-as-tension-builds
          - India should recognise Balochistan as a separate country if Pakistan went ahead with the execution of Indian national Kulbhushan Jadhav, BJP MP Subramanian Swamy said today. "Pakistan should be taught a lesson by recognising Balochistan if it executes Jadhav. Not only that, Pakistan should be divided into Balochistan, Pakhtunistan and Sindh to teach it a lesson for encouraging cross-border terrorism," he said. Read more at:

          • http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-pakistan-face-off-at-icj-after-18-years-when-india-shot-down-pakistani-aircraft-in-1999/1/954014.html The face-off between bitter neighbours India and Pakistan at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over Kulbhushan Jadhav's death sentence comes 18 years after the two countries were at the world court. The last time India and Pakistan were seen countering each other was in 1999 when the Indian Air Force (IAF) shot down Pakistan's maritime reconnaissance aircraft Atlantique in the Kutch region of Gujarat. All 16 people on board the Pakistani aircraft were killed. Pakistan had approached the ICJ claiming that the plane was shot down by India in its airspace and demanded 60 million dollar in compensation from New Delhi. However, the ICJ had then rejected Pakistan's petition saying it had no jurisdiction.

          Bangladesh
          - http://www.afp.com/en/news/india-bangladesh-seal-historic-border-pact-modi-visits Bangladesh and India on Saturday sealed a historic land pact to swap territories, which will finally allow tens of thousands of people living in border enclaves to choose their nationality after decades of stateless limbo.
          Foreign secretaries of the two nations signed a protocol and exchanged instruments of ratification to make operational the Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) in the presence of visiting Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bangladeshi premier Sheikh Hasina. The two leaders watched as officials of the two nations signed a raft of agreements and India announced a "US$2 billion line of credit" to Bangladesh in an effort to deepen bilateral ties.



          Japan
          - infrastructure

          • [mea booklet distributed at 2019 smartbiz expo] cooperation in india's north-eastern states

          - high speed rail
          • India is set to adopt Japanese bullet train technology for its first high-speed railway, with the two nations’ leaders expected to announce the agreement in a joint statement this week, a Japanese government source said Tuesday. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will hold talks in India on Saturday and issue a statement afterwards, the source said. Abe will pay a three-day visit to India from Friday. The proposed 500-kilometer railway will link Mumbai in western India and Ahmadabad to the north, the source said. The journey would take about two hours. Construction, which is estimated to cost 980 billion rupees ($14.68 billion), will begin in 2017, with the aim of starting railway operations in 2023. Tokyo has sounded out New Delhi about providing yen loans on the premise that the railway contract will be given to a consortium of Japanese firms, the source said.http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/12/08/business/japan-win-contract-indias-first-high-speed-railway/#.VmeVHdJ97s1
          • 日本首相安倍晉三於周三抵達印度，以銀彈攻勢推動日印聯手制華。他昨日與印度總理莫迪出席高鐵動工典禮，並承諾提供約一千九百億日圓（約一百三十五億港元）貸款，協助印度興建新幹線模式的高鐵。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170915/00178_017.html
          •  日本傳媒周二報道，安倍晉三政府早前向印度批出極低息貸款，協助興建高鐵。惟不少農民不滿政府強徵土地，連月來不斷上街抗議，令工程可能要延至明年才啟動，日本政府已暫停向印度批出貸款。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180719/00180_015.html
          - https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3020059/japanese-are-coming-indias-tamil-nadu-feels-force-foreign-cash Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, earned the nickname the “Detroit of Asia” for its automotive companies. The city remains one of the world’s top 10 car manufacturing centres.Chennai is also India’s second-largest port, and the facilities in its Ennore neighbourhood have been developed exclusively to boost the exports of Japanese firms. Tamil Nadu hosts more than a fifth of the roughly 1,000 Japanese businesses operating in the country, and fresh investment agreements were signed early this year. Japanese firms are currently developing three key industrial parks in Tamil Nadu in partnership with state authorities, incentivised by tax exemptions. Dozens of companies are preparing to set up shop in the zones. All Nippon Airways (ANA) will in October begin direct flights, seven days a week, between Chennai and Japan with an eye on tourism and trade.
          - [mea booklet distributed at 2019 smartbiz expo] indo-japan collaborative research centre called DAICENTER

          korea
          - ????? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd3mF7zMxzI
          Chal Chal Mere Saathi in Korea, Korean Children perform at Dinner Banquet in honour of Prime Minister Narendra Modi

          South korea
          - India is unlikely to accede to South Korea's demand for an upgrade of the comprehensive free trade pact between the two countries, given the early findings of reviews conducted by the government that point toward imbalances in this and other such accords.http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-10-20/news/55236584_1_trade-pact-cepa-trade-agreement
          - http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2015/05/120_179172.html korea and India agreed Monday to review their free trade pact, better known as the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), after their leaders upgraded bilateral relations to a "special strategic partnership." President Park Geun-hye held a summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Cheong Wa Dae and held substantive discussions in a wide range of areas, including foreign affairs, national security and defense, and their economies and trade.
          - biotech

          • [mea booklet distributed at 2019 smartbiz expo] indo-korea collaboration in the area of biotechnology and bioeconomy


          Vietnam
          - India and Vietnam agreed to cooperate to extend oil extraction in South China Sea hkej 17sept14 a20
          - 印度海軍一支艦隊上月到訪越南舉行聯合軍演，印度傳媒指，印軍艦結束訪越返航時，遭到中國海軍的追蹤和監視，質疑中方試圖收集印方隱形護衞艦的雷達和水聲信號，以便更快識別印度海軍艦艇型號。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180607/00178_017.html

          malaysia
          - palm oil



          South Asia
          - http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1651131/india-woos-smaller-neighbours-counter-challenge-china

          chinese
          - https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3021582/what-happened-indias-disappearing-chinese-migrants More than a few eyebrows were raised when the Indian government released its latest census data in the last week of July – and not just because it was nearly eight years late. One of the biggest surprises was that the survey showed a massive drop in the number of Chinese immigrants in the country. Between 2001 and 2011, the overall number of Chinese immigrants fell from 23,712 to 14,951, with the trend even more noticeable in certain segments of the population. The number of Chinese who had been living in India for more than 20 years, for example, had more than halved, dropping from 11,588 in 2001 to 5,164 in 2011. While the data provides a snapshot of 2011 (an official attributed the delay to “manpower issues”), experts said the forces driving the decline – both difficulty in obtaining long-term visas and a trend in 
          Tibetan refugees leaving for Western countries – continued today.
          - indologist
          • Xu Fancheng (1903-2000)He spent most of those years in Sri Aurobindo Ashram, an education center founded by Aurobindo Ghose (1872-1950) and led by Mirra Alfassa (known as the Mother, 1878-1973), in Pondicherry, southern India, where he started translating some of Ghose's key philosophical works.His translation of the Upanishads has been reprinted twice, according to its editor Huang Yansheng, of the Chinese Social Sciences Publishing. The Upanishads primarily discuss philosophy, meditation and the nature of God, and form the core spiritual thought of and mystic contemplations of the four Vedas. In Indian philosophy terms, they are known as Vedanta(or the culmination of the Vedas).https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2009-12/17/content_9192712.htm
          - chinese in india
          • As a boy growing up in India, David Ma listened to stories about his grandmother braving a crackdown by communist militias and fleeing Wuhan, 
            China. Reaching what was then called Burma, she walked for days to its shores, before taking a boat to the southern Indian city of Chennai. For him, Wuhan has remained a place from where his family had to escape. Which is why when Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping meet on Saturday to invoke the conciliatory “Wuhan spirit”, 50-year-old Ma will be watching closely. Ma is among dozens of people in Chennai who trace their origins to Chinese lands, but have made Chennai – the city where the second informal Xi-Modi summit is taking place – their home for the past seven decades.https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3032625/xi-meets-modi-chennais-chinese-community-hope-witness
          • 由「屋邨醫生」搖身成為「股壇醫生」的曹貴子，與妻子歐翠儀育有四名子女。曹父為印度華僑，在當地經營木材生意，可惜曹出生不久，即遇上中印邊境紛爭，曹父被關進集中營後，家財亦散盡，家境清貧。其後，曹隨家人返內地生活，他八歲才移居香港，居於沙田區。當時曹貴子完全不懂英文，但曹父為了教子，入讀夜校學英文後，再回家教給曹貴子及兄長，令他們學習成績跟得上。最後曹貴子亦考入香港大學醫學院。曹貴子畢業後，向父親借廿多萬元，與同學在沙田偉華中心開設診所執業。現年五十五歲的曹貴子擁有香港大學內外全科醫學士、香港家庭醫學學院院士、澳洲皇家全科醫學院院士、以及獲得英國倫敦皇家醫學院小兒科文憑、愛爾蘭皇家內外科醫學院兒科文憑、格拉斯哥皇家內外科醫學院兒科文憑和英國卡的夫大學實用皮膚科文憑等學歷。從事醫生執業期間，曹貴子認識不少富豪及財經界人士，積累不少人脈。其後，他與認識的牙醫合組醫療中心，又懂得與藥廠議價，創立康健國際醫療集團及上市，再獲富商入股，生意愈做愈大。他除了曾擔任康宏環球執董，亦曾任慈善機構仁愛堂第三十八屆董事局第四副主席、保良局丁酉年總理及捐錢予本港大學。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20191108/00176_003.html

          - "chinki"

          • scmp 15sep19 "crossing boundaries" chinki is an ethnic slur used in india mostly to refer to people of chinese origin

          - Tiretta Bazaar, is a neighborhood in the eastern part of the city of Kolkata. The locality was once home to 20,000 ethnic Chinese Indian nationals; now the population has dropped to approximately 2,000.[2] The traditional occupation of the Chinese Indian community in Kolkata had been working in the nearby tanning industry as well as in Chinese restaurants. The area is still noted for the Chinese restaurants where many people flock to taste traditional Chinese and Indian Chinese cuisine.During the time of Warren Hastings, the first governor-general of British India, a businessman by the name of Tong Achi established a sugar mill, along with a sugar plantation at Achipur, 33 kilometres from Calcutta, on the bank of the Hooghly River near the town of Budge Budge. A temple and the grave of Tong Achi still remain and are visited by many Chinese Indians, who arrive from the city to celebrate Chinese New Year. One of the earliest records of immigration to India from China can be found in a short treatise from 1820. This records hints that the first wave of immigration was of Hakkas but does not elaborate on the professions of these immigrants. According to a later police census, there were 362 Chinese in Calcutta in 1837. A common meeting place was the Temple of Guan Yu, the God of loyalty, located in the Chinese quarter near Dharmatolla. A certain C. Alabaster mentions in 1849 that Cantonese carpenters congregated in the Bow Bazar Street area. As late as 2006, Bow Bazar is still noted for carpentry, but few of the workers or owners are now Indians of Chinese origin. According to Alabaster, there were lard manufacturers and shoemakers in addition to carpenters. Running tanneries and working with leather were traditionally not considered "respectable" professions among upper-caste Hindus, and work was relegated to the so-called "lower caste" muchis and chamars. Nevertheless, there was a significant demand, for high quality leather goods in colonial India, which Chinese Indians were able to fulfill. Alabaster also mentions "licensed" opium dens, run by "native Chinese" and a "Cheena Bazaar", where "contraband" was readily available. Opium, however, was not illegal until after India's Independence from Great Britain in 1947. Immigration continued freely through the turn of the century and during World War I partly due to political upheavals in China, including the First and Second Opium Wars, the First Sino-Japanese Warand the Yihetuan Movement. Around the time of the First World War, the first Chinese-owned tanneries sprang up.

          • scmp 9jul19 "the vanishing clans" 


          China
          - historical ties
          • 中國和印度已經交往了超過一千多年。其中波羅和「摩羅」都是指印度。古印度的摩揭陀國赫赫有名，是佛陀時代四大國之一，佛陀一生大半時間在摩揭陀傳法，因此它是重要佛教聖地。唐玄奘往印度取經返唐後，在長達十二卷的《大唐西域記》中，詳述了在新疆至南印度共一百四十多國的見聞，其中有兩卷專述摩揭陀國。唐代把玄奘取西經沿途的西域人統稱為「摩羅」，也許與摩揭陀發音近似有關；後來摩羅也泛指印度人。香港有一條街叫做摩羅街，其實就是指香港開埠之初，英國人從印度帶來的士兵和警察，以及印度的一系波斯後裔的商人，他們最初都居住在上環的摩羅街一帶，後來香港的市區逐漸發展到九龍半島，印度人不再聚居在摩羅街。香港人稱呼當時的印度警察，叫做摩羅差，即差人、警察是也。這部分人主要是錫克教的族人，摩羅差不願信奉伊斯蘭教，願意追隨英國人，來到香港生活。所以早期的摩羅差都是用黃色的頭巾包頭。在香港開埠初期，處在上層位置的人，則是印度的波斯人，阿拉伯人統治了中東和波斯之後，強迫波斯人放棄信仰拜火教，改為信仰伊斯蘭教，並且給予不用納稅的優惠。信仰拜火教的波斯人大批逃入中國和印度的西岸，繼續信仰拜火教。他們成為了由陸上的絲綢之路過海上的絲綢之路的經商者，還善於經營金融和財務。瑣羅亞斯德教有很多流派，其中一個最為重要的宗教人物--摩尼，大幅吸收了佛教、基督教和猶太教的思想，以及拜火教中的佐爾文派，改革了拜火教。他開創的宗派被稱為摩尼教，也就是明教。「食菜事魔」 實際上指的是主張素食，信奉摩尼。香港人所講的摩羅，其實也是指印度的帕西人。帕西人很早就到中國的南方經營商業。他們把印度的香料、棉織品、地氈運到廣州，然後把中國的絲綢、陶瓷器、茶葉運到印度和中東地區。中國人一早就叫他們為摩羅，但是在廣州，由於音轉的關係，叫成了波羅。根據廣東的民間傳說，唐朝貞觀二十一年（647年）達奚司空從印度摩揭陀國乘船到廣州，達奚拜祭了南海神後，還在神廟的左右兩旁各種下一棵波羅蜜樹，這是一種能結無花果的奇樹。達奚遊興甚高，流連忘返，耽誤了返航的時間，他急忙走下山丘趕到江邊，卻見船隊已揚帆而去，從此，他每天到土丘前眺望大海，希望有朝一日能看到本國的航船來接他，最後化成了石人。海神廟有他的塑像，也叫做波羅廟。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/05/19/a31-0519.pdf
          - diplomatic representation

          • 印度駐巴基斯坦大使班巴瓦萊將接任駐華大使一職。據悉班巴瓦萊學過中文，是印度外交官中少數的「中國通」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170919/00178_008.html

          - trade ties
          • trade barriers hamper sino-india ties http://www.ecns.cn/business/2014/09-22/135437.shtml (also in China Daily 22sept14)
          • a meeting of two great civilizations http://www.chinadailyasia.com/asiaweekly/2014-09/12/content_15165590.html
          • http://www.economist.com/news/business/21693583-india-seeks-boost-its-manufacturing-industry-and-cut-trade-deficit-arrive-full-leave India runs a global surplus in services, mainly by selling them to rich countries. But they are a small component of Indo-Chinese trade. China gets the best of tourist exchanges between the two countries: 181,000 Chinese tourists came to India in 2014, against 730,000 Indians who visited China. All this tortures Indians, for whom China is the biggest source of imports and third-biggest export market, but barely troubles China, for whom India is a second-tier trade partner. Indian policymakers are reflexively sceptical, for example, of China’s plan to build a road linking the countries, worrying it will only widen the trade imbalance. If China’s consumers won’t buy Indian goods, perhaps its businesses could build factories in India instead? Some big projects have recently been announced, notably a $10 billion industrial park to be developed by Dalian Wanda, a Chinese property group; and a $5 billion plant proposed by Foxconn, a Taiwanese electronics outfit which mainly manufactures in China. Foxconn said last July that it might employ up to 1m Indians in 10-12 plants by 2020, despite suffering labour strife when it closed an existing factory last year. However, foreign investors’ projects often fall quietly by the wayside when bureaucratic obstacles prove insurmountable. Foxconn is already said to be rolling back its ambitions.
          • http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/1990676/himalayas-there-way-not-will-china-india-trade

          - visit by india leaders

          • http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/88de2eea-fc60-11e4-ae31-00144feabdc0.html In meetings with President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders, Mr Modi sought to strengthen commercial ties between India and its more prosperous neighbour as well as ease tensions over their disputed 4,000km Himalayan border. China had already promised $20bn of infrastructure during Mr Xi’s visit to India last year. Chinese banks have granted $2.5bn in credit lines to Bharti Airtel, the Indian telecoms group, in one of the biggest Beijing-backed financings for an Indian group to date. Other big Indian groups that have benefited from Chinese bank credit include Essar Oil and the Reliance group of Anil Ambani, which secured a $1.2bn loan from three Chinese banks, including CDB, in 2012. Among other agreements signed during Mr Modi’s visit, India’s Adani Group and China’s Golden Concord Holdings said they would set up an integrated solar photovoltaic industrial park, while Welspun Energy of India signed a memorandum of understanding with China’s Trina Solar for the production of photovoltaic cells and panels.
          • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/05/27/a15-0527.pdf國家主席習 近平昨日與來華進行國事訪問的印度總統普拉納布． 慕克吉舉行會談。兩國元首同意共同努力，發揚中印 文明互鑒傳統，加強兩國全面合作，將中印戰略合作 夥伴關係推向新高度，促進雙方共同發展，為地區和 世界和平與繁榮作出更大貢獻。此外，習近平還提 出，雙方要努力拓展兩國安全執法等領域合作，促進 兩國共同安全。雙方要妥善處理有關分歧。習近平 稱，中方讚賞印方堅持一個中國立場
          • 中國國家主席習近平與到訪的印度總理莫迪在昨日下午舉行非正式會晤，兩人一同到湖北省博物館參觀精品文物展，並就加強中印兩個文明古國交流互鑑、推動不同文明和諧共處和對話交換意見。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180428/00178_003.html
          - 中國商務部部長鍾山和印度商工部長普拉布昨日在新德里共同主持召開中印經貿聯合小組第11次會議，探討深化兩國經貿務實合作。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/03/27/a14-0327.pdf- China-India Think Tank Forum

          • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017-06/26/content_29886004.htm Chinese and Indian academicians gathered at the Second China-India Think Tank Forum on Saturday and Sunday in Beijing to discuss "strategic cooperation and developmental partnership". The forum, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and India's Ministry of External Affairs, covered issues of strategic communication, trade and investment, people-to-people exchanges and science and technology.
          - war?

          • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170809/00178_003.html中印衝突或一觸即發，內地網上近日流傳中國開始從印度撤資撤僑。內地官媒否認傳聞，但就指確有中資企業因局勢緊張，從印度撤走至少一半人員，外界猜測中方或準備開戰。另外，有印度右翼組織呼籲民眾不要使用中資背景的印度電子支付平台，希望藉此抵制中國。

          - disputes/issues
          • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170307/00182_001.html 中印目前的紛爭主要有三大領域，一是爭議土地的歸屬，即藏南問題的談判；二是中巴經濟走廊經過喀什米爾問題，印度認為中方侵犯了印度的主權；三是印度加入核供應國集團以及關於認定巴基斯坦反印組織為恐怖團夥的問題。\
          • border
          •  根據中印於一九九六年達成的「信任協定」，為防止兩國於邊境實際控制線地區發生危險的軍事活動，雙方同意任何一方不得在實際控制線己方一側兩公里範圍內使用槍枝或爆炸品。這次中方指摘印方開槍，似顯示這項不用槍協定已被撕毀，緊張局勢在升級。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200909/00180_002.html 
          • 中印邊界問題特別代表第二十一次會晤24日在四川成都舉行。中方特別代表、國務委員兼外交部長王毅同印方特別代表、國家安全顧問多瓦爾就邊界問題、雙邊關係和共同關心的國際地區問題深入交換了意見，雙方取得六點重要共識，包括：在邊界問題最終解決之前，共同維護兩國邊境地區的和平與安寧，雙方同意逐步擴大邊境貿易和人員交往，提升兩國邊境地區友好合作的民意基礎，為邊界談判和兩國關係發展營造良好氛圍等。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181126/PDF/a7_screen.pdf 
          • 印媒報道，該國將在中印邊境建設四十四條戰略公路，全長二千一百公里，主要位於旁遮普邦、拉賈斯坦邦和鄰近巴基斯坦邊境。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190115/00178_014.html 
          • While the government has given no official indication of actions against Beijing, India’s vibrant news media carried reports saying it was looking to restrict Chinese business interests in India – from asking a government telecoms provider not to use Chinese equipment for its upgrade to reviewing recent government infrastructure projects awarded to Chinese companies. A government company, the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India, ended a US$62 million contract awarded to a Chinese firm in view of “poor progress” of the work.https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3089669/china-india-border-dispute-what-are-new-delhis-options-respond
          - 中印高層上周五在北京舉行中印邊境事務磋商和協調工作機制第十次會議，雙方各自回顧兩國邊境狀況，並就加強建立互信和軍事交流交換意見。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171120/00178_018.html
          - border dispute

          • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170517/00178_001.html 印度在中印邊境附近打造的境內最長大橋「多拉-薩迪亞大橋」（Dhola-Sadiya Bridge），日前正式完工，下周五將由印度總理莫迪揭幕。該橋可讓六十噸重的重型坦克通過，有印度媒體指，一旦中印有爭議的藏南地區爆發軍事衝突，印度軍方可調動軍隊和重型武器，經這條大橋迅速前往藏南地區，或引發新一輪的中印邊境緊張。
          • http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1617318/beijing-concerned-indias-plan-border-road
          • https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-india-idUSKBN19I02L China has accused Indian border guards of crossing into its territory from the state of Sikkim on India's northeastern border with Tibet, the Chinese foreign and defence ministries have said, complicating an already difficult relationship.Nathu La connects India to Hindu and Buddhist sites in the region and was the site of a fierce border clash between Chinese and Indian troops in 1967.
          • 當地時 間12月21日，中國和印度在新德里舉行邊 界問題特別代表第二十二次會晤，由中方 特別代表、國務委員兼外長王毅和印方特 別代表、國家安全顧問多瓦爾共同主持， 中印雙方同意制定維護邊境地區和平安寧 的管控規則。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20191222/PDF/a8_screen.pdf
          • 中印邊境事務磋商和協調工作機制周五召開第十六次會議，由中國外交部邊界與海洋事務司司長洪亮，與印度外交部東亞司聯秘史耐恩以視像方式共同主持。雙方就近期中印邊境形勢坦誠深入交換意見，在緩和現地局勢方面取得了積極進展。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200711/00180_004.html
          - military


          - policing
          •  中國與印度首次執法安全高級別會晤當地時間10月22日在印度新德里舉行。國務委員、公安部部長趙克志與印度內政部部長辛格共同主持。會後，趙克志和辛格共同簽署了《中華人民共和國公安部與印度共和國內政部合作協議》。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/24/a20-1024.pdf
          - maritime

          • 中國船員首次獲准在印度登岸。中國遠洋貨船「休斯頓號」周日在印度孟買某港口停泊，十名船員歷史性獲准離船上岸休息。中國駐孟買總領事館、孟買尼赫魯港務局及貨船所屬船企，為一行人舉行歡迎儀式。中國駐孟買總領事鄭曦原在歡迎儀式上指出，在海上漂泊幾十日後踏上陸地休息，是每位海員的合法權利。惟印度基於歷史因素，中國船員一直不被允許登岸。經兩國政府多次協商後，問題最終獲圓滿解決。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180227/00178_017.html

            - maritime dispute
            • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170214/00178_001.html江蘇南京一艘載貨量兩萬多噸的遠洋貨輪「聯合女神號」，去年底在印度霍爾迪亞港卸貨後，據報因船東公司拖欠國外油商款項，被印度扣押至今；船上廿三名船員被困當地四十八天，隨時斷水斷糧。惟船東公司已破產，至今仍未表態，船員更被拖欠共一百五十萬元（人民幣．下同）工資，令他們歸家無望。中國駐印度加爾各答總領事館昨表示，正積極與相關部門協調，相信船員有望短期內回國。
            • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170606/00178_010.html解放軍海軍「長春」號導彈驅逐艦、「荊州」號導彈護衞艦、「巢湖」號綜合補給艦組成的海軍遠航訪問編隊，原計劃本月四日至七日訪問印度喀拉拉邦的克欽港，結果遭到印度方面拒絕。印媒引述消息指印方認為中國軍艦訪問是沿「一帶一路」海上線路進行，因此故意延遲批准，終導致無法成行。
            - trade dispute

            • 印度政府繼續就入侵洞朗事件對華擺出強硬姿態，更率先對中國打響經濟戰，公布對九十三種從中國進口的產品徵收反傾銷稅。印媒報道，印度政府周三開始向中國產品徵收反傾銷稅，針對範圍包括化工和石化、鋼鐵等金屬製品、纖維和紗線、機械產品等。orientaldaily 12aug17
            • 印度商工部上周二發公告，決定應印度汽車輪胎製造商協會申請，對進口自中國的大巴及貨車所使用的大型輪胎發起反補貼調查。據悉，是次印方共指控中方存在六大類、七十二個補貼項目，希望中國能夠採取措施解決雙邊貿易失衡的問題。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180404/00178_003.html
            • 印度政府宣布，將對自中國進口的太陽能組件、數碼印刷印版和個別化工原料徵收反傾銷稅。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200802/00178_001.html

            - investment ban

            • https://www.ft.com/content/f4d39520-404e-11e7-9d56-25f963e998b2  An Indian move to ban Chinese companies from investing in its power grid has highlighted the tension between the country’s desire to attract foreign capital and its suspicion of Chinese motives in the region.
              Piyush Goyal, Indian power minister, said this week that companies from countries that did not allow Indian businesses to invest in their power grids would be barred from investing in India’s.

            - 將簽投資金融等20項協議http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20140918/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
            - http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1594227/why-modis-india-warming-china China will also announce the setting up of two industrial parks specialising in cars and power equipment. Talks are on for two more, specialising in textiles and food processing. Apart from a major boost to jobs and foreign investment, these mega investments are also meant to allay Indian concerns over a skewed trading relationship.
            - china india signed 5-year cooperation plan, including infosys and huawei cooperation http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201409/0919/HZ20919CZGG.pdf
            - 工行與印廉航簽 26億美元融資協議http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/09/19/a07-0919.pdf
            - financial

            • 海通國際(00665)積極拓展印度業務，旗下印度子公司日前擔任凱雷集團（The Carlyle Group）獨家財務顧問，計劃收購美國通用金融（GE Capital）於印度SBI Card持有的26%股份。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20170725/00202_014.html
            • 印度稅局近日突擊搜查多間中資公司的辦公室，指其涉嫌通過空殼公司洗錢，當中一名中國籍的公司負責人，涉持有偽造的印度護照而被捕。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200813/00180_012.html
            - banking
            • Tencent Holdings increased its bets on India with an investment in a start-up that helps the country’s blue-collar workers manage their finances, as it sought to build an overseas presence to supplement its dominant China market. Shenzhen-based Tencent, one of China’s most active corporate investors, led a US$35 million funding round in Bangalore-based digital banking company NiYO, which also serves outbound tourists with a foreign exchange service. https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/3018339/tencent-steps-expansion-india-investment-fintech-start-niyo

            - water

            • 印度外長斯瓦拉傑周日表示，中國同意恢復與印度共享橫跨兩國的雅魯藏布江和薩特萊傑河（中國境內段被稱為象泉河）的水文數據。印度傳媒形容，中國此舉對印度，尤其印度東北部至關重要，有助對容易發生自然災害的地區進行洪水預測。中國去年九月起停止向印度提供數據，中方當時解釋相關水文站在二○一六年遭遇洪水損毀有待維修；惟此事恰逢中印洞朗對峙剛結束不久，故曾被質疑是對印度的報復。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180426/00178_019.html

            - infrastructure

            • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160519/PDF/a18_screen.pdf 中國方舟（西姆集團）18日在大連介紹，日前在印度新德里舉辦的“走出去產業互聯網平台重大項目推介會”上，中印簽署多項合作協議，涉及印度地鐵、垃圾發電、水處理科技和設備成套及EPC總承包項目，總金額超過150億美元（逾1170億港元）。　　遼寧省經貿代表團14日赴印度進行友好訪問，並開展經貿洽談活動。會上，中鐵電氣化局與印度UFA那格浦爾地鐵項目簽約，合同總額概算約15億美元，中方負責地鐵接駁線公交系統及相關輔助設施建設。印方代表表示，印度地鐵（輕軌）目前運營里程310公里，在建600公里，未來三年還將計劃新建600公里，市場潛力巨大。　　此外，在“清潔印度運動”及“恆河治理計劃”的大力推動下，印度垃圾處理、水處理以及再生能源產業迅速發展。此次推介會上，中國方舟會同重慶三峰環境產業集團，與哈利巴瑞再生能源公司還就印度環境產業項目簽訂合作協議，項目總額預算50億美元。
            • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160827/00178_005.html 由遼寧大連中遠船務製造的兩座新型自升式鑽井平台，「智慧引領幸福」一、二號前日交付，將用於印度西海岸鑽探作業。內地官媒指，平台買家為英國福賽特公司，租用方為印度石油天然氣公司，是華製海工產品首次獲得印度石油企業認可並用於印度洋海域作業。該兩座平台各長約七十四米，闊約六十三米，工作水深超過一百米，鑽井深度近一公里，適用印度洋、中東、墨西哥灣等海域。
            - ict

            • 印度媒體周五報道，印度電訊部（DoT）已將華為和中興排除在開發該國5G試驗的合作名單之外。華為和中興分別回應沒收到相關消息。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180916/00180_004.html
            • 內地手機品牌酷派集團(02369)，停牌超過兩年後，終於喺上個月下旬復牌。近日酷派終於傳來消息，九月會喺內地推出新手機測試市場反應，之後仲會部署明年喺印度推出首部5G手機。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190814/00202_027.html
            • 全球「代工」一哥鴻海精密工業繼續擴大其於印度的手機生產線投資。鴻海旗下富智康(02038)公布，將會向印度註冊成立的直接附屬公司Rising Stars注資總額9,999.99萬美元（約7.79億港元），包括用於業務擴展及作為額外營運資金。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20191203/00202_022.html
            • 中印兩軍上月在邊境爆發致命衝突後，印度在邊境增兵並掀起抵制中國貨浪潮。印度資訊科技部門前日以安全考慮為由，禁止國內使用主要為中國公司開發的五十九款手機應用程式（App），當中包括「抖音」海外版TikTok、微信及阿里巴巴旗下的UC瀏覽器。據報，涉事手機應用程式已在印度的Google Play Store及蘋果公司App Store下架。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200701/00180_001.html
            • 外媒前日報道指，印度已決定將中國科企華為踢出該國的5G網絡計劃。印度電力部當日亦出台新規定，印度企業從中國進口電力設備和部件，將要取得政府許可。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200705/00178_001.html
            • 中印關係緊張之際，微信停止服務印度用戶。據微信團隊昨日表示，根據印度法律，目前無法提供服務，公司正與相關部門接觸，冀未來恢復服務。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200727/00178_003.html
            • 中國商務部昨天公布，繼續對原產於印度的單模光纖徵收反傾銷稅，實施期限為五年。商務部二○一四年決定對該產品徵稅五年，去年因應國內單模光纖產業申請，決定對上述措施展開期終覆審調查。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200814/00180_006.html

            - railway

            • 中方對印地鐵等項目感興趣 http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/09/19/a07-0919.pdf 兩國將簽署一系列的經濟合作協議，其中一項重要內容就是在古吉拉特邦和馬哈拉施特拉邦建立兩個綜合性的中國工業園，屆時更多的中國企業將登陸印度，產業園預計總投資超過50億美元。印度媒體透露，中國首先將在印度各地投資建立工業園區。 中國助印鐵路系統升級http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/09/20/a17-0920.pdf前印度政府即將宣布啟動5條高鐵線項目，塔塔公司正在和中國一家企業緊密合作，對這些項目投標。此外，中國還與印度簽署協議，在古吉拉特邦和馬哈拉施特拉邦投資建設兩個工業園，中國並承諾，將向印度產品開放更多的市場准入。印度方面則希望中方能為印度的 IT服務和製藥行業開放更多市場。
            • 印高鐵爭奪戰 日壓華略佔上風http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141108/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
            • http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/business/n/2014/1125/c90778-8813363.html China is in discussions with India to help it build the world's second-longest high-speed railroad with a price tag of 200 billion yuan ($32.6 billion), its latest efforts to push for abigger share of the overseas high-speed market. The Delhi-Chennai high-speed rail corridor will see trains running at 300 km/h, coveringup to 1,754 kilometers. The railway is proposed to be developed jointly with China, home to the world's longesthigh-speed rail line - between Beijing and Guangzhou - several Indian media organizationsreported over the weekend, citing senior officials with India's Ministry of Railways.
            • 中鐵won contract for high speed rail research project hkej 24sep15 a10
            • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160320/PDF/a8_screen.pdf19日，印度那格浦爾地鐵項目對接交流會在遼寧大連舉行。大公報記者獨家獲悉，由中國中車、中鐵建、中鐵一局及西姆集團組成的聯合體將全面負責項目建設，投資概算預計15億美元（約116億港元），總體項目將在今年五月正式簽約。據了解，這是目前中方在印度軌道交通領域承建金額最大的項目。/大公報記者宋偉大連報道　　那格浦爾是印度中部最大城市，今次開建的地鐵全長38.22公里，其中南北走向19.66公里，東西走向18.56公里。項目由印度中央政府與馬哈拉施特拉邦投資，中方將全面負責輕軌、地鐵接駁線公交系統及相關輔助設施的建設。該項目土建部分已開工，地鐵預計2019年5月投入運營。　　印方項目經理巴布介紹，那格浦爾地鐵建成後最高時速將達90公里，三節車廂最大承載764名乘客。未來，地鐵接駁19條公交線路，長度覆蓋160公里，將極大緩解那格浦爾的交通擁堵問題。　　那格浦爾地鐵項目中方協調人、西姆集團董事長馬塾君透露，以此次地鐵承建為契機，遼寧省政府將於今年五月組織相關企業，在印度孟買設立中國軌道交通產業園區，現已與印方完成先期選址工作。
            • 中國中車在印度設立的首個鐵路工廠昨日正式投產。該工廠位於印度新德里和孟買之間的哈里亞納邦巴沃工業園區，是中國在印度投資興建的首個軌道交通裝備電氣牽引設備製造企業。據介紹，中車先鋒（印度）電氣有限公司由中車永濟電機公司與印度先鋒貿易公司於2014年共同出資組建，總投資6,340萬美元，其中中車永濟電機公司持股51%，印度先鋒公司持股49%。歷經兩年多的廠房建設，工廠如今已具備投產條件。中車先鋒（印度）電氣有限公司主要生產和維修鐵路電機，為印度鐵路提供技術支持，同時為石油鑽井、風力發電、礦山裝備提供整套電傳動系統。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/08/21/a12-0821.pdf
            •  中车大连公司1日对外披露，当地时间3月29日，中国中车与那格浦尔地铁公司在印度马哈施特拉邦那格浦尔举行项目签约仪式。中车大连公司负责生产69辆那格浦尔地铁车辆，并为地铁提供十年维保服务。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170402/PDF/a7_screen.pdf


              - silk road

              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2014/12/02/aa03-1202.pdf
              - automobile

              • 据印度传媒引述消息报道，吉利控股正与印度JSW集团商讨成立合资公司，投资额约十亿美元（约78亿港元），各佔一半权益，将针对贵价电动车市场，并涉足电池及承包兴建充电站等基建工作。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170913/PDF/b1_screen.pdf
              - bicycle sharing

              • https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/chinas-bicycle-sharing-firm-ofo-gets-over-1-1-million-orders-in-india/articleshow/63832683.cms Chinese bicycle-sharing company, ofo has received more than 1.1 million orders in India in the first quarter of 2018, the company said, adding that India needs more such environmentally-friendly public transport solutions. ofo, China's top bicycle sharing firm, had entered the Indian market in November last. Its service is now available in seven Indian cities, including New Delhi, Indore, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Pune, Coimbatore and Chennai. 
              - oil
              • 英媒引述消息指，印方已決定停止向中國航油（新加坡）、中石油和聯合石化子公司等企業購買燃油，並停止為進口而租用中國油輪。另有消息人士指，如果印度國營煉油企業的中標方案按照「成本、保險加運費」標準執行，賣家將負責安排船舶運輸原油，意味可能仍會使用中國油輪。報道指，印度國營煉油企業此舉與政府頒布的新規有關，印度政府於上月二十三日修訂《財政通則》，以國家安全考慮為由，限制所有與印度陸地接壤國家的投標方，要求商務部對相關投標方強制登記，被指是針對中國和巴基斯坦企業。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200831/00180_014.html
              - clean energy
              • 三一集團昨日表示，該集團攜手國家電力投資集團在印度安得拉邦開發500萬千瓦的清潔能源項目。據中新社報道，此次中方開發的500萬千瓦清潔能源項目，包括滾動開發兩台100萬千瓦的超超臨界燃煤機組的電廠，300萬千瓦的獨立或分佈式風場、太陽能電站及風光互補項目。根據協議內容，安得拉邦政府將在其職權內，為中方開展投資項目提供組織安排支持。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/01/16/a15-0116.pdf
              - solar
              • http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201805/14/WS5af8e666a3103f6866ee821f.html Chinese solar photovoltaic or PV panel manufacturer Znshine Solar has nailed a 300-megawatt module supply agreement with India renewable energy developer ACME Cleantech Solutions Private Limited, responding to growing market demand in India.
              - led products

              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/16/content_27686106.htm Twenty lighting product manufacturers in Guangdong plan invest in a light-emitting diode or LED industrial park in India. The idea is to tap the vast market potential and lower costs in the populous South Asian country. Led by the Guangdong Solid State Lighting Industry Innovation Center, the group of manufacturers is talking with several states in India for the project. Two states have already held talks: Gujarat, the home state of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Rajasthan, both in western India. The agreement on the project is expected to be signed in the first half of next year.
              - chemical
              • China on Wednesday said that imports from India of Meta Phenoxy Benzaldehyde, which is used in manufacturing various chemical products, constituted dumping actions that were detrimental to the industry and said it would take necessary steps to safeguard the interests of domestic manufacturers. In its preliminary ruling, the Ministry of Commerce said the imports have caused substantial damage to the domestic industry and would be countered with temporary anti-dumping measures. The anti-dumping investigation was initiated on the back of a complaint from Weifang Runnong Chemical Co Ltd in May 2017, wherein it claimed that MPBD exported from India was being sold in China at a price much lower than the prevailing domestic rate. Under the new ruling, starting from Thursday, MPBD importers from India would need to furnish relevant cash deposits to the Customs authorities and will be subject to dumping charges of between 36.2 percent and 56.9 percent, determined by this ruling for each company when importing MPBD.http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/08/WS5a7bad1ca3106e7dcc13b7f4.html
              - pharmaceutical

              • https://www.ft.com/content/7b18f8a4-7750-11e7-a3e8-60495fe6ca71 India has balked at the planned $1.1bn purchase of Hyderabad-based Gland Pharma by China’s Shanghai Fosun Pharma, amid concerns about allowing a foreign takeover of a producer of the export-quality medicines. The two companies announced last July that Fosun would take an 86 per cent stake in Gland, which produces anti-coagulants — used in dialysis or heart surgery to prevent blood-clotting — anaesthetics and other injectable medicines, mainly for export to the US. But New Delhi’s Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, which must give the final greenlight for a deal already approved by various Indian ministries, has been sitting on the proposal for the past four months. “The concern is about India losing its edge on a particular drug where it has a significant presence internationally, as well as its access to our own market,” an Indian official, who did not want to be named, told the FT.
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20170918/00202_022.html復星醫藥(02196)擬收購印度藥商Gland Pharma有新進展。惟收購的股權由原本86%降至74%，收購價亦由12.61億美元，相應下調至不多於10.91億美元。復星醫藥表示，目前交易已獲中國相關部門批准，並已完成美國、印度反壟斷申報，以及已滿足交易主要先決條件。

              •  http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/09/17/b03-0917.pdf  安永的一份行業研究報告中 提到，內地已成為全球第二大藥品國家市場，然而報告也指出，在當前 醫改大環境下，本土藥企面臨諸多挑戰。其中，除了國家集採帶來超預 期降價之外，印度仿製藥進入內地市場被提上日程，以仿製藥為主的本 土藥企利潤空間將被極大擠壓，令其面臨更為激烈的價格競爭。印度是全球最大的仿製藥出口國之 一，2017-2018 年藥品全球出口額超過 170億美元。中國作為全球第二大藥品市 場，對印度藥企有極大吸引力，隨着兩 國經濟合作的不斷深化，內地有望進一 步對印度開放醫藥市場。2018年 5月 1日 起，內地以暫定稅率方式取消抗癌藥等 藥品進口關稅，此舉受到印度藥企的普 遍歡迎。 價格競爭或趨白熱化 2018年8月召開的中印醫藥產業政策交 流與商業對接會簽署了備忘錄，明確將 建立中印醫藥衛生工作機制以推動雙邊 醫藥衛生領域的經貿合作，並推動印方 可負擔的抗腫瘤藥物進入優先審評通 道，盡快進入內地市場。部分印度藥企在內地的佈局:
              • Dr.Reddy's（瑞迪博士）：在中國內地規模最大的印度仿製藥企業，早在2000年就與加拿大龍燈集團成立合資企業昆山龍燈瑞迪製藥有限公司（KRRP），2017年成立瑞迪博士（無錫）製藥有限公司，計劃未來五年在內地引進更多產品以鞏固其在內地市場的地位 
              • Sun Pharma（太陽製藥）：印度最大的仿製藥企業，2005年3月在上海成立代表處，目前已申報鹽酸非索非那定片、依托考昔片、頭孢克洛乾混懸劑等仿製藥品種，正在積極尋找本土藥企進行合作 
              • Cipla（西普拉）：2019年7月，印度第二大仿製藥企西普拉宣佈其歐洲分公司CiplaEU 和江蘇創諾製藥有限公司成立合資公司，作為西普拉在華的分公司

              - medical

              • 母企復星國際(00656)透過旗下Fosun Healthcare向印度私營連鎖醫院Fortis Healthcare招手，提出不具約束力投資意向，規模最高達3.5億美元（約27.3億港元）。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180419/00202_022.html
              • 16日，第六屆中印聯合醫療隊在華活動閉幕式在成都舉行，為期一周的義診活動圓滿結束。中印16名醫生聯合組隊，在四川自貢、樂山等地開展義診、贈送藥品等公益活動，為貧困群眾送去關愛。為紀念抗戰期間印度援華醫療隊的國際人道主義精神，2008年中印聯合醫療隊在京成立。每屆醫療隊由兩國青年醫生組成，分別奔赴中、印欠發達地區開展義診、贈藥等慈善活動。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180717/PDF/a14_screen.pdf
              - tobacco
              •  India is mulling exporting tobacco to China after the "Phytosanitary Protocol" for export of tobacco-leaves to China was renewed earlier this year, an Indian official said. "With the production processes matching global standards, India will be able to produce and offer tobacco varieties which suit Chinese requirements," Chairman of India's Tobacco Board Kolaventy Sunitha said in a recent interview with Xinhua. A high-level Indian tobacco trade delegation, led by Kolaventy Sunitha, visited China from June 23-28 and held talks with Chinese officials. Sujitha told Xinhua that Indian Tobacco Board called for having a collaborative programme with China for improvement of yield and quality of tobacco.http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2019-07/06/content_74959099.htm

              - delegations from china
              • 中國商務部組織的中國貿易促進團正在印度進行經貿交流活動。期間，中印企業共簽署了101項貿易協議，合同金額達23.68億美元（約合港幣185.8億元），相當於2017年中國自印度進口額的七分之一左右，涉及紅茶、蓖麻油、薄荷油、椰殼纖維、咖啡生豆等。據報道，由中國商務部組織的中國貿易促進團赴印度開展經貿交流活動，以加強中印經貿往來，推動兩國企業務實合作，促進雙邊貿易平衡發展。貿易促進團由30餘名來自輕紡、醫藥、農產品、石化、商貿等行業的企業代表組成。當地時間24日下午，中國商務部和印度商工部在新德里聯合舉辦中國國際進口博覽會專場推介和「中國－印度貿易項目簽約儀式」，雙方相關政府部門、行業協會、企業代表120餘人參加活動。商務部外貿司司長任鴻斌、中國駐印度使館公使李碧建、印度工商聯合會負責人等出席活動並分別致辭。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/03/26/a16-0326.pdf
              - investors from China
              • chinese entrepreneur powering up india http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014-09/18/content_18617989.htm
              • http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150206/PDF/b2_screen.pdf 為進一步拓展支付業務，阿里巴巴關連公 司螞蟻金融服務首次投資印度企業。根據螞蟻 金服與印度最大的移動支付和商務平台Paytm 旗下One97 Communications簽訂的戰略合作 協議，螞蟻金服將入股One97約25%股權，以 支持後者的發展，惟雙方未有公布具體的交易 作價。http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-02/06/content_19513286.htm Ant Financial Services Group, an affiliate of China's Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, has agreed to buy 25 percent of Indian payment services provider One97 Communications, tapping into the country's smartphone and online industry boom. The companies did not provide the value of the deal, but a person with knowledge of the matter called the investment a precursor to One97 listing on the stock exchange, and said the stake was worth more than $500 million. The deal values One97 at more than $2 billion, making it one of the most-valuable start ups in the country. One97 runs Paytm, an online platform through which users can shop or pay utility bills, whereas Ant runs Paytm's Chinese peer Alipay.
              • Indian conglomerate Tata Sons Ltd. on Wednesday announced a strategic partnership with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. (ICBC) to provide it with a host of banking services. The Indian group produces much of the nation’s salt, steel, trucks, electricity, fertilizer and other basic goods. Under the alliance, ICBC will provide the Tata group with financing products, global cash management, consulting, international trade finance business, investment banking, foreign exchange, derivatives trading, and other global financial services, Tata Sons said in a statement. http://thebricspost.com/indian-powerhouse-tata-group-ties-up-with-top-chinese-bank-icbc/#.VmAEWFcVGf3
              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-01/27/content_23267220.htm  photovoltaic cells project at the Abubakar Jinnah Solar Industrial Park in Punjabprovince has got an investment of $1.5 billion from ZTE Energy Co Ltd andwill be completed in 2017.
              • http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/1978170/chinas-oppo-electronics-pledges-hk115m-towards-handset-factory-india
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170330/00178_017.html中國手機生產商OPPO在印度的分公司，傳有中國籍經理把印度國旗撕毀，並丟棄到垃圾桶，引發大批印度籍員工及當地市民不滿，數百名印度籍員工前日發起罷工，並包圍分公司。另有當地網民呼籲印度人罷買中國產品。
              • http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/business/article/2005196/indias-newest-unicorn-hike-wins-tencent-backing-valued-us14 Hike Messenger became India’s newest internet unicorn after securing a round of funding at a valuation of almost US$1.4 billion from investors including Tencent and Foxconn Technology Group.
              • http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2020684/chinas-huawei-assemble-smartphones-india-partner-flex
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20160920/00269_003.html 印度的電子商務市場形勢大抵是，市佔率最高的Flikart佔37%、亞馬遜佔24%、Snapdeal佔15%。而中國三大互聯網巨頭BAT其餘的百度和騰訊控股也不甘後人，當中騰訊早在○八年已進軍印度，在一三年五月，旗下微信也登陸當地。百度在印度則聚焦流動軟件和商務領域。
              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/tech/2017-02/06/content_28111117.htm beijing 's kika tech

              - indian investors in china

              • Taj hotel hket 7apr16 a36
              • http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2021714/indias-wipro-buy-zhongshan-ma-ers-personal-care-brands India’s largest listed congelomerate, Wipro, said on Thursday it would take over four top Chinese personal care brands in what is likely to be the highest profile acquisition this year of a Chinese business by an Indian firm aiming to tap the world’s second largest economy. The acquisition will see Wipro’s consumer care arm buy the entire stake of shower and bath goods maker Zhongshan Ma Er Daily Products, and subsequently become the third biggest player in this market category in South China. The Bangalore-based software-to-soaps company, controlled by billionaire Azim Premji, has been on a buying spree of big consumer names, such as Singapore’s skin care brand Bio-essence, across Southeast Asia.
              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/05/23/a05-0523.pdf 上世紀90年代初，李小龍電影風靡印度，和許多印度年輕人一樣，剛剛高中畢業的德福也迷戀上了中國功夫。然而不同的是，當別的小夥伴們還沉寂在電影帶來的刺激時，德福卻透過中國功夫深深愛上了中國文化，並在心裡萌發了一個「中國夢」。12年的時間，從印度到中國，從服務員到餐廳經理，從身無分文到擁有自己的「餐飲王國」，這個曾懷揣「中國夢」的印度少年，如今在中國創辦了七八間印度連鎖餐廳，實現了人生華麗的蛻變。

              - business events in china

              • http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201604/0413/HZ16413CHAA.pdf 中印企業dialogue event in changsha

              - film

              • joint agreement on cinematic cooperation http://www.chinadailyasia.com/lifestyle/2014-09/25/content_15170568.html
              - tourism

              • http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1709668/india-hopes-lure-chinas-tourist-hordes Only 170,000 Chinese visited India last year, and China welcomed 645,000 Indians in return. Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Yang said last week that the numbers were "not in line with the two nations' massive populations, the gigantic size of their markets and their huge tourist resources".
              • statistics http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201506/0616/HZ24616CHAA.pdf
              • On Friday, New Delhi announced that visa rules for Chinese nationals visiting India would be relaxed, with multiple-entry visas with a validity period of five years available from this month onwards. At present, most visas are single-entry and usually for between 30 and 60 days. Visa fees would also be reduced, the government said, with the multiple-entry visa costing US$80.This was aimed at further enhancing “people-to-people exchanges between the two countries and [encouraging] more Chinese tourists to choose India as a destination for tourism purposes,” it said in a statement.https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3032656/xi-modi-agree-manage-differences-shore-china-india-ties-chennai
              - technology
              •  Based on the existing China-India Joint Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, the two countries could establish inter-governmental innovation cooperation mechanisms and platforms to plan and guide China-India cooperation in science, technology and innovation in the new era. In technology transfer, we should expedite the establishment of China-India Technology Transfer Centre at the national level.http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1511298.shtml
              - telecom

              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/tech/2015-12/07/content_22643650.htm Chinese smartphone vendors, including vivo, Lenovo Group Ltd, Xiaomi Corp, Meizu and manyothers, are aggressively expanding in India this year as growth in their home market slows."Chinese brands see the Indian market as the biggest gold mine after China," said TZ Wong, a Singapore-based smartphone analyst at research company Canalys. "The two markets are very similar for the vendors. The only difference was India was a few quarters behind China in terms of demand."  India's emerging appetite for smartphones is spurred by the country's gigantic population of 1-billion-plus, second only to China. Increasing middle-class incomes have also pushed online shopping to the forefront.  This is nearly a rerun of China's situation five years ago when the trend of getting touch-screen phones started to kick off.  A total of 28.3 million smartphones were shipped to India in the third quarter, a 21.4 percent surge compared to a year ago, according to IDC, another consultancy.  Large-screen smartphones priced around 10,000 rupees are the best-selling devices in India, it added. The skill sets of Chinese manufacturers and local buying habits fit well.  Quickly growing startups, with vivo and Xiaomi leading the charge, are already busy in India, while traditional electronics giants such as Lenovo and ZTE Corp may use a different strategy
              • http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2090505/chinas-xiaomi-branches-out-beyond-smartphones-crack-indian-market 
              •  日前小米專賣店Mi Studio喺印度班加羅爾（Bangalore）正式開業，小米(01810)董事長雷軍就去咗當地參加開業儀式，仲入鄉隨俗，着埋傳統印度服裝，造型盞鬼。唔怪得知有網民直呼佢一聲「雷長老」，仲話小米喺印度本地化活動係由佢帶領。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190511/00202_025.html
              - internet service

              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/tech/2017-02/11/content_28169085.htm UCWeb, Alibaba's mobile browser subsidiary, pledged on Friday to serve the Indian market with better technology and products, after media reports said it was in talks with local telecoms and Wi-Fi providers to offer free internet service in the country. "Internet access for all is integral to realize the Digital India dream and a long-term vision for UCWeb," the company said in a written reply to China Daily on Friday.
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170826/00178_002.html中印邊境對峙持續之際，印度繼早前嚴查中國製手機後，又於本月第二度對中國企業展開調查。印媒報道指，印度科技部門以「懷疑竊取用戶手機資料」為由，對阿里巴巴旗下的UC瀏覽器展開調查。若發現指控屬實，可能會禁止在國內使用該瀏覽器。
              - yoga

              • 今年1月17日，雲南民族大學與印度辨喜瑜伽大學合作舉辦的民族傳統體育學專業（瑜伽）碩士研究生教育項目，成功通過教育部審批，這是中國第一個瑜伽方向的碩士學位授權點。在雲南民族大學研究生院正式發佈的2018年研究生招生簡章中，在民族傳統體育學專業下新增了瑜伽方向碩士研究生。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/10/10/a17-1010.pdf

              - language/culture

              • becoming bridges for more exchanges http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-09/23/content_18646822.htm
              •  http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2016-10/14/content_15510679.html Chinese and Indian representatives attended press and publication activities in New Delhi on Thursday ahead of President Xi Jinping's upcoming trip to India, in an attempt to cultivate closer exchanges between the two peoples. Among the activities was the launch of the China Books Editorial Department and an exhibit of China-themed books copublished by Chinese and Indian publishers. More than 100 people attended the exhibit, including Tuo Zhen, deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China; and Cheng Guangzhong, minister-counselor of the Chinese embassy in India.
              •  China will encourage learning of Chinese in India and provide assistance to institutions imparting courses for it, Chinese Consul General to India Ma Zhanwu said today.Zhanwu inaugurated the first 'Confucius Classroom' in the eastern region which is being run by the School of Chinese Language in its new state-of-the art premises here. Zhanwu said the Yunnan Normal University, Kumming is the partner university of the Confucius Classroom imparting training in teaching and culture.http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/28/china-will-encourage-learning-of-chinese-in-india--zhanwu-1713097.html
              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/01/a12-0501.pdf雲南民族大學2015年成立了南亞學院，目前已經建成7個本科專業，實現了南亞國家主要語種的基本覆蓋。其中，主要在印度使用的印地語、泰米爾語、孟加拉語三個專業共有學生95名。南亞學院院長方幀說，越來越多用人單位對包括印地語在內的專業學生有需求，一些政府部門和跨國企業往往還沒等學生畢業就會過來談用人意向。2015年6月，印度在中國設立的首個瑜伽學院─中印瑜伽學院在雲南民族大學成立。學院除了招收本科生和研究生，還為校內外瑜伽愛好者開設瑜伽培訓班。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/01/a12-0501.pdf

              - media

              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-02/02/content_19462375.htm Media organizations in China and India should not mislead the public by overemphasizingnegative news about each other, a top Chinese press official said. Jiang Jianguo, minister of the State Council Information Office, said on Sunday that news mediashould offer timely and accurate information, avoid misunderstandings and help advancerelations between the two emerging economies.
              - Art
              • 由印度英迪拉．甘地國家藝術中心、中國岩畫研究中心和銀川市賀蘭山岩畫管理處聯合主辦的「絲綢之路--中國岩畫展」日前在印度新德里英迪拉．甘地國家藝術中心拉開帷幕。此次展覽從即日起延續到3月25日，面向公眾開放，系統介紹中國各地岩畫。銀川市代表團與來自中央民族大學中國岩畫研究中心、中國人民大學、雲南、廣西、河南、西藏等高校研究機構及專家學者共計30人出席了開幕式活動。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/03/15/a31-0315.pdf
              - anti chinese

              • 印度傳媒報道，孟買校長協會由孟買一千九百名學校校長組成，該協會近日透過手機應用程式發出呼籲，倡議學生不在學校使用中國文具，希望以此喚起學生的愛國激情。orientaldaily 12jul17
              •  中國早前在聯合國安理會運用否決權，阻止把喀什米爾親巴基斯坦武裝組織「穆罕默德軍」首領阿茲哈列為恐怖分子，引起印度不滿。在印度教傳統節日「灑紅節」前夕，大批民眾周二在首都新德里等多個城市聚集，焚燒中國商品及要求政府對中國貨品加徵300%至500%關稅。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190321/00180_004.html



              Taiwan
              - http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170802/00178_003.html 中印對峙僵局遲遲無法解決，緊張局勢直接影響到了雙邊交流。近日在印度北方省首府勒克瑙舉行的二○一七年國際數學競賽，因中國大陸選手取消參賽，印度主辦單位遂批准台灣選手持青天白日滿地紅旗，參加比賽開幕與閉幕典禮。大陸官媒批評印方搞「小動作」。
              - investors from taiwan

              • http://www.wsj.com/articles/foxconn-plans-to-spend-5-billion-on-factories-in-indias-maharashtra-state-1439035640 Taiwanese electronics manufacturer Foxconn plans to spend $5 billion dollars on factories, and research and development in the western Indian state of Maharashtra, according to a state official. Foxconn, the world’s largest contract electronics manufacturer by revenue, signed a memorandum of understanding Saturday with Maharashtra to invest the money in coming years on operations that would employ 50,000 people, said Subash Desai, Maharashtra’s industries minister. The agreement “outlines significant investments that Foxconn intends to make in the next five years,” Foxconn said in a statement. The company—known officially as Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.—makes products includingApple Inc. iPhones, Xiaomi Corp. smartphones and Samsung Electronics Co.tablets. singtao 9aug15 b2



              Hong Kong
              - Kannada Sangha HK http://www.kshk.org/english/
              - Hong Kong Telugu Samakhya (THKTS) www.thkts.com
              - scmp

              •  special report on independence day 15aug15
              • 26jan16
              • 15aug16
              • republic day supp 26jan17
              • independence day supp 15aug17

              - cg in hk

              • https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/pcb.1655585911374018/1655585274707415/?type=3 Consul General and Consul (CPM) Karun Bansal called on Hon’ble Prof .K.C. Chan, Secretary for Financial Services, to discuss issues of mutual interest. They also met Dr. Jonathan Choi, Permanent Honorary President of Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (CGCC) and Chairman of Sunwah Group. Managing Director and CEO of UCO Bank Mr. R.K. Takkar, along with Mr. Sankara Narayanan, CEO of UCO Bank Hong Kong, called on Consul General.
              • https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/pcb.1668353936763882/1668352543430688/?type=3 Consul General paid a farewell call on Hon. Rimsky Yuen, Secretary for Justice. Ms Judy Li, Director of Protocol, along with Consuls General of Myanmar, Iran, Israel, Kuwait, Singapore, Greece and Mexico hosted a farewell lunch for CG.
                Ms Margaret Fong, Executive Director of Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) hosted a farewell lunch for Consul General.
              - association
              • indian chamber of commerce hong kong www.icchk.org.hk
              • Hong kong indian diamond association www.hkida.net
              • Hong kong chinmaya foundation
              • Orgsnised hanuman carnival on 9jun16

              - leaders visit

              • 梁振英透露，這次訪印，四十位訪問團成員當中，以從事服務業和專業服務業為主。服務業方面包括貿易、金融、航空航海、交通運輸，代表有金融發展局主席史美倫、香港創業投資協會副主席John Levack、德意志銀行香港地區總經理羅志偉、中國銀行（香港）有限公司副董事長總裁岳毅等。專業服務方面，團員中有律師、會計師、顧問工程師、建築師和測量師等。梁振英說，他們都是企業的領軍人物，說明大家重視印度的潛力。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/02/05/a08-0205.pdf
              • 他又引述前日會見印度總理莫迪後指，莫迪同意稍後派出由政府官員和印度工商界領軍人物的高層次、規模較大的代表團來港，進一步跟進雙方合作關係。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/02/06/a07-0206.pdf
              • Tdc sme monthly mar16 

              - ippa

              • http://www.news.gov.hk/en/categories/admin/html/2016/02/20160204_144639.shtml The Chief Executive also announced that Hong Kong and India will launch negotiations on an Investment Promotion & Protection Agreement.
              • According to india cg at tdc sem on 9sep16, both sides exchanged texts
              - dta

              • Cabinet approves an Agreement between India and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to taxes on income.
              •  The Financial Secretary, Mr Paul Chan, on behalf of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, signed in Hong Kong today (March 19) a comprehensive agreement for the avoidance of double taxation (CDTA) with the Ambassador of India to China, Mr Gautam Bambawale, signifying the Government's sustained efforts in expanding Hong Kong's tax treaty network. http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201803/19/P2018031600803.htm
              - extradition

              • 香港與印度雙方是有簽訂移交逃犯的協議，據了解，過程間國際刑警需向本港警方提交正式移交逃犯文件，並經過司法程序才能完成移交，但如果該名逃犯在印度干犯罪行，潛逃本港後再犯罪被捕，一般要在本港完成整個審訊程序，並按法庭判罰、在港監獄服畢刑期，才會被移交至當地。根據外電報道，印度外交部會就本案首次啟動向香港申請移交逃犯的程序，是雙方一九九七年簽訂有關協議後的首次。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180227/00176_002.html
              • 翻查資料，目前本港僅與全球19個國家或地區，簽署引渡協議。港府可按《逃犯條例》處理相關地區提出的引渡申請，有關申請需要行政長官批准，並交由司法機關審理。香港與印度於1997年6月28日，即回歸前3天簽訂引渡協議。港府在2004年亦曾應印度當局要求，成功引渡涉於印度詐騙銀行的商人Ashok Tahilram Sadarangani回當地受審。除文子星案，印度當局今年初亦曾向港府申請，要求緊急拘捕及引渡涉於當地捲入20億美元詐騙案的億萬富豪珠寶大亨莫迪（Nirav Modi）。https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20180627/20432809
              •  The Indian government has formally applied for the extradition of a Hong Kong resident wanted by Interpol for his alleged links to terrorism, political killings and a prison break in his native country.https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-law-and-crime/article/2160959/india-asks-hong-kong-hand-over-city-resident
              •  名列國際刑警紅色通緝令的三十歲印度裔港人文子星（Ramanjit Singh），被印度當局指其涉及策劃恐怖活動，印度早前已向香港提出移交文子星回國受審的要求，案件昨在東區法院展開聆訊，印度政府及文的法律代表先爭議裁判法院是否有司法管轄權處理本案有關《人權法》的事宜，裁判官聽畢雙方陳詞，將案押後至今天，以決定法庭是否有司法權處理有關議題，期間文須繼續還押監房看管。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20190605/00176_059.html

              - visa waiver

              • http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1820009/indian-business-leaders-angry-over-proposal-abolish-hong Some of the most prominent figures in Hong Kong's Indian community have lashed out at suggestions to end the visa waiver programme for Indian nationals, saying such a scenario would be a "nightmare" for business and tourism. They warned that the move would result in visitors bypassing Hong Kong as their traditional transit point en route to the mainland and it would not be fitting for the status of Asia's so-called "World City".  "This will send a very negative message," said Rajkumar Sabnani, a long-time Hong Kong resident from India and committee member of the Indian Chamber of Commerce in the city. "This will result in a loss to Hong Kong, I believe." The Security Bureau has said it is considering scrapping the programme for Indians in an effort to curb the number of asylum seekers.  The idea was mooted by members of the Liberal Party, who on Tuesday met with officials from the bureau to discuss the allegedly increasing number of refugees applying for asylum in Hong Kong.  However, the timing of the proposal shocked Sabnani, who pointed out that the Indian government just weeks ago announced an electronic visa scheme for Chinese people to visit India.  "The Indian economy is starting to boom and people want to travel. If this new policy is enacted, businessmen will no longer come to Hong Kong on their way to China," he said.  "The government should find another way to reduce the number of asylum seekers."  Rajeev Bhasin, managing director of the Mayfare restaurant group, echoed the sentiment.  "The sheer number of Indians coming to Hong Kong and Macau for exhibitions, fairs and casinos is huge. Imagine if these group tours of up to 400 people have to get visas. It will be a nightmare," he said.  "Businesspeople will also skip Hong Kong. I am sure my business friends will not come to Hong Kong if they have to go through the hassle of getting a visa." Dominic Lee Tsz-king - chairman of the Liberal Party's Youth Committee and a key force behind the proposal - defended the move as a "sacrifice to protect our borders". "For legitimate visitors, it's not too much hassle to get visas these days. It can be done online or through many mediums," said Lee.  The financial drain caused by asylum seekers more than outweighed the economic contribution by Indian tourists, he insisted.  "With a view to ensuring a proper balance between facilitation of genuine visitors and the need to safeguard the integrity of immigration control, the visa policy is subject to constant review and changes will be introduced if circumstances so warrant," a spokesman for the Security Bureau said.
              • http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1910075/indian-community-anger-grows-over-possible-visa-curbs A wave of discontent is building among Hong Kong’s Indian community over what they say is a “misdirected” campaign by the government to end abuses of the system the SAR use to process asylum claims. Prominent figures in the 55,000-strong, predominantly entrepreneurial community with deep historical roots in city, believe they are being unfairly maligned and have been left puzzled by recent comments from officials comments suggesting possible visa-curbs on Indians. Heightening the sense of indignation is the fact that the clamour to “get tough” on bogus asylum claims reached a climax the same week that Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying lead a 50-strong delegation to India and was met by the country’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20161213/00176_059.html入境處昨宣布明年一月廿三日起，對印度國民實施入境前預辦登記的措施，網上登記平台會於下周一先開放。

               - asylum seekers
              • http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1873497/hong-kong-government-investigates-fake-indian-asylum-claims 
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20160204/00174_001.html 入境處首次發現七名印度人假扮來港作賽的曲棍球手，混入真球手當中，飛抵本港後隨即「離團」藏匿在港至逾期居留後，再「識路」分批前往入境處辦事處「舉手」提出免遣返聲請。入境處調查後發現七人於入境時所持的來港作賽邀請函，是由一間本地曲棍球會發出，近日採取行動先後拘捕該球會兩名印度裔港人經理和召集人，兩人涉嫌協助及教唆他人作虛假陳述及逾期逗留。消息人士指，不排除案件牽涉有人刻意安排及屬有預謀犯案，行動仍在進行中，不排除有更多人被捕。
              • 近期「假難民」問題嚴重，殃及池魚。曾任保安局局長的新民黨主席葉劉淑儀昨日指出，入境事務處因「假難民」問題，收緊了對南亞裔專業人士及企業家的入境簽證，令在香港經營珠寶生意的正當印度商人無辜受牽連，難以在港創業和從事珠寶生意。因應印度珠寶集團訴求，她近日聯同部分受影響商人約見入境事務處處長曾國衞，向對方解釋他們的工作性質，以及提出建議協助處方有效辨認真正商人。她希望入境處與業界緊密溝通，更有利香港治安和商務發展。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/08/08/a17-0808.pdf
              • http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2044065/indian-nationals-face-tighter-rules-visiting-hong-kong An Indian community leader in Hong Kong says he is prepared to accept new entry restrictions on nationals visiting the city in a bid to reduce the problem of Indians seeking refugee status. Indian nationals will need to obtain prior approval from the Immigration Department from early next year before they can enter the territory.

              - telangana

              • https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1620809888184954.1073741865.1376465755952703&type=1investment roadshow in Hong Kong to inform companies in Hong Kong about business opportunities in India. Hon’ble Chief Minister Mr. K. Chandrashekhar Rao led a high level delegation for the event. Being the youngest State in India, Telangana, is known as “the start-up State” with its emphasis on technology, innovation and forward looking enabling policies to drive development and industrial growth in the State. Hon’ble Chief Minister and Secretary for Industries Mr. Arvind Kumar outlined the State’s path breaking new industrial policy and the novel TS-IPASS (Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self-certification System) which, the Hon’ble Chief Minister described as India’s best single window clearance system. The roadshow saw an unprecedented participation, with presence of 160 business leaders from more than 130 companies such as IKEA, China Light and Power, Arup, Thales, Thyssen Krupp, The Peninsula Group, Metrojet and many others in areas such as retail, logistics, textile machinery, telecom, banking, venture capital, ICT and tourism. Indian Chamber of Commerce led by Chairman, Mr. M. Arunachalam, was also a partner for the event.

              - delegation to India
              • http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200101/08/0108268.htm Secretary for Information Technology and Broadcasting, Mrs Carrie Yau, called on the Minister of Finance, Mr Yashwant Sinha, and Mrs Sushma Swaraj, Minister for Information & Broadcasting in New Delhi today (January 8). In meeting with Mrs Yau, Finance Minister Mr Sinha said he recognised the pivotal position of Hong Kong in fostering close economic links between the Mainland of China and the rest of the world. Mrs Yau said with China entering into the World Trade Organisation in the near future, there would be tremendous business opportunities in Hong Kong and China. Hong Kong and India should further their collaboration to explore the huge business opportunities both in Mainland China and the Asia Pacific Region. In the wider economic perspective, Mrs Yau also raised with Finance Minister the issue of Air Services Agreement and double taxation agreement. On air services, the capacity entitlement for both sides has been fully utilised. Mrs Yau has urged for the early conclusion of negotiation on additional capacity which will help promote trade and economic activities between the two places. As regards double taxation, India is interested in signing a bilateral agreement on avoidance of double taxation with Hong Kong which will provide certainty to investors on the taxing rights of the contracting parties which in turn help investors to better assess their tax liabilities. Mrs Yau also called on Mrs Swaraj, Minister for Information & Broadcasting of India. (Mrs Swaraj is the youngest Cabinet Minister and the first woman Chief Minister of Delhi.) Mrs Yau exchanged views with Mrs Swaraj on issues of common concern, including policy and legislation on broadcasting, and the development of digital broadcasting. 
              • https://www.facebook.com/pages/Consulate-General-of-India-Hong-Kong/1376465755952703 A delegation from Hong Kong participated in the interaction of Indian community with Mrs. Sushma Swaraj, Hon’ble External Affairs Minister and Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs, held at Indian Embassy Beijing during Hon’ble Minister’s recent visit to China. Delegation members also discussed with her issues pertaining to Indian community in Hong Kong and measures for boosting trade, commerce and investments between India and Hong Kong SAR.
              • Margaret Fong visited India in April 2015 and met with Indian Minister for Commerce and Industry as well as representatives of key chambers of commerce and industry bodies (source: HKTDC SME Monthly May 2015 issue)
              - delegation from india

              • https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1565134467085830.1073741857.1376465755952703&type=1 Mr. Amitabh Kant, Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Government of India, conveyed this during the ‘Make in India’ roadshow organized in Hong Kong on 1st April 2015 by the Consulate General of India, with DIPP, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). 
                Attended by over 130 business leaders and investors from Federation of Hong Kong Industries (FHKI), Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (CGCC), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC), Indian Chamber of Commerce , The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE), Hong Kong Foreign Financial Institutions Association (HKFFIA) and Forum of Indian Professionals Hong Kong (FIPHK), the road-show saw detailed presentations by Secretary Kant and Director Mr Ravinder on measures taken by Prime Minister Modi’s Government to promote ease of doing business and expand manufacturing under ‘Make-in-India’. Details were also provided of policies and specific opportunities in 25 sectors such as ports, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, infrastructure etc. Consul General Prashant Agrawal conveyed that several major Hong Kong companies were in the process of expanding their operations/investments in India and Make-in-India initiative was providing them due facilitation. Secretary Kant, accompanied by a high level business delegation of CII and FICCI members Dr Naushad Forbes ( Forbes Marshall), Dr Ajit Ranade (Aditya Birla), Mr Rajan Navani (Jetline), Mr. Ashwin Ramanathan (AZB), Mr Madhu Kannan (Tata Sons), Mr Madhav Sharma (CII China) and Mr. Atul Dalakoti ( FICCI- China) and Consul General, also called on Mr. Philip Wai-hung Yung, Permanent Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development.
              • Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat, Ms. Anandiben Patel led a delegation from Gujrat to Hong Kong between 19th and 20th May 2015 enhancing the vibrant ties between the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the province of Gujrat. The high powered delegation led by the CM comprised of the Mayor of Ahmedabad Ms. Meenaxi Patel, Additional Chief Secretary and other senior officials of Gujrat Government. It was also accompanied by a 25-member strong delegation of top industrialists and businessmen operating in Gujarat and having a global presence. The Gujrati Samaj in Hong Kong organized a community reception in honor of the Honorable Chief Minister, which was attended in large numbers by the Indian community. The Chief Minister addressed the gathering and apprised them about the latest developments taking place in Gujarat and also introduced the visiting business delegation from Gujrat to the local gathering. She appreciated the efforts of the NRIs in the task of nation building back home through their contributions in various ways. The focus of the visit tuned to trade and commerce on 20th May, when a series of meetings were held between the visiting delegation and select top multi-national companies based in Hong Kong, some of which already have substantial investments and business interests in India. They all have expressed a strong intent to expand further to avail the new opportunities which the state of Gujrat is offering. Exhibiting this, three Memorandums of Understanding were signed between Gujarat Government and M/s. China National Building Material Group Corporation also known as M/s. Jetion Solar (China) Co. Ltd. for setting up of solar panel manufacturing, collaboration in affordable housing and collaboration in building material manufacturing for sustainable infrastructure development in Gujarat. The deliberations of the visiting delegation culminated with the conducting of a Road Show by on Gujrat, organized at the Foreign Correspondents Club by the Consulate General of India, Hong Kong and the Indian Chamber of Commerce. The event, attended by more than 100 top businessmen of the city representing different industries, business and chambers of commerce saw presentations on Vibrant Gujrat, address by the Consul General of India, the Industries Commissioner of the Gujrat Govt., the Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat and Mr. Gregory So, Secretary for Commerce & Economic Development, HKSAR Government, who expressed a strong desire to further the business and economic engagement between Gujrat and Hong Kong, given the unique status of Hong Kong as the gateway to mainland China. The delegation left Hong Kong in the evening of 20th May after giving a strong fillip to the relations between Gujarat and Hong Kong. (source: indian consulate hk facebook)  hkej 29may15 a28 shum yuk fai article
              • https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/pcb.1772746146324660/1772745852991356/?type=3&theater The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) delegation led by its President, Naushad Forbes visited Hong Kong on 4th October 2016. This was a reciprocal visit to that of Hong Kong Chief Executive C Y Leung to India in February this year, accompanied by a 40-strong multi-sectoral business delegation. The CII delegation had substantive and useful interactions with Hong Kong government officials, Hong Kong Trade & Development Council (HKTDC) and Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (CGCC). The delegation was warmly received by Hong Kong Chief Executive. He also hosted a lunch for the CII delegation.
              - HK enterprises participating in Indian IP event in China

              • Recent visit of Prime Minister Modi to China saw unprecedented participation from Hong Kong, at levels that haven’t been seen before. At PM’s interaction with select CEOs, top Hong Kong companies such as Li and Fung and China Light and Power were present and conveyed their views. HK companies were also present in the India-China business forum. Large number of people travelled to Shanghai specially to attend PM’s interaction with Indian community there. In the Yoga-Taichi event at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, our own Yoga Master C P Yogiraj was a lead Master. And young Melody Sabnani wrote to PM she wanted to meet her hero, and got her wish fulfilled.https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/pcb.1584776078455002/1584775105121766/?type=1&theater
              - listing in HK


              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/11/17/b02-1117.pdf 港交所（0388）昨日刊發指南， 新增印度為獲接納的海外司法地區。根據印度法 例，印度公司一般只可以預託證券的形式在印度境 外上市。不過，尋求在港上市的印度公司只可申請 其預託證券在主板上市，創業板現時不接受預託證 券上市。截至昨日，港交所尚未有印度註冊的公司 上市。
              - aviation
              • Low-cost flights between Hong Kong and India have arrived as budget carriers get creative to challenge traditional airlines’ passenger volumes and profits. The move is part of an “experiment” by India’s largest carrier IndiGo to offer cheap long-haul flights using smaller planes over greater distances, including midway refuel stops, its chief commercial officer William Boulter told the Post in an exclusive interview. His comments came with the debut of IndiGo’s Bangalore to Hong Kong route last week.https://beta.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/transport/article/2179210/low-cost-flights-between-hong-kong-and-india-arrive-budget
              - air freight

              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/02/18/b02-0218.pdf 國泰航空（0293）昨日宣布 ，下月 11 日開辦印度加爾各答的貨運服務。國泰將是唯一 提供加 爾各答至香港直航貨運服務的航空公司。 加爾各答貨運服務航線為香港–德里–加爾各答– 香港，提供每星期兩班服務。國泰航空貨運董事韋靖 表示，印度是國泰航空一個重要市場，開辦加爾各答 貨運服務，進一步加強公司在印度的航空網絡。全新 的加爾各答服務將提升運送成衣製品和食品的流程往 來印度。
              - public housing

              • https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/posts/1623989421200334 Hon. K. Mrunalini, Minister for Housing of Andhra Pradesh and Mr. Lav Agarwal, Secretary, Housing Department of Andhra Pradesh, met Hon Anthony Cheung, Secretary for Housing and Transport of HKSAR along with Consul General and Consul Mr Karun Bansal to discuss best practices and policies of Hong Kong in Public Housing sector. The state of Andhra Pradesh is developing a comprehensive policy for public housing in both rural and urban areas benchmarked with the best systems in the world. The delegation also met companies from China and Hong Kong specializing in public housing construction.
              - technology

              • The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE), with its origins in Silicon Valley, is an institution well-known for fostering innovation and connecting start-ups and venture capital. Consul General Prashant Agrawal, who is also the Patron of its thriving Hong Kong chapter, delivered the opening remarks at TiE HK’s annual Investors Forum on government’s role in fostering entrepreneurship. Also seen are TiE HK President Ashwin Khubchandani and Charles Ng, Associate Director General of InvestHK https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/pcb.1634645380134738/1634645123468097/?type=3
              • 印度一站式服務分類平台「oksir」昨正式登陸香港應用程式商店（App Store）。創辦人與行政總裁Arun Kapoor於本港出席記者會時表示，香港是「oksir」首個海外擴張的地區，亦是亞太區業務發展總部，期望「oksir」能於三年間達至收支平衡。將來會進一步把業務擴展至新加坡與大中華地區，以達至「任何拿着智慧型手機的人都是其消費者」的目標。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/10/28/b02-1028.pdf
              • 印度媒體周四報道，印度外國人管理處以「違反其商務簽證的有關規定」為由，要求被當地一間公司邀請到印度工廠指導的六十名中國專家立即離境，當中六人已被迫離開。該公司上訴，批評政府的決定不合理。涉事的太平洋網絡技術公司是中國主要的互聯網內容供應商之一，其母公司位於香港，在香港有上市業務，亦有港人股東。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20181222/00180_006.html
              - apparel

              • 繼今年九月在巴塞隆拿開設首間UNIQLO門店後，市傳UNIQLO母公司迅銷集團(06288)擬登陸印度市場，並已向印度相關部門遞交申請，計劃在印度開設UNIQLO分店。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20171125/00202_022.html
              - showbiz

              • http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/03/19/b08-0319.pdf hk actress enter india mkt

              - civil service training

              • https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/a.1376631902602755.1073741826.1376465755952703/1615983602000916/?type=1 Mrs. Nengcha Lhovum, Dean, Foreign Service Institute of India, recently met Mr Raymond Wong, Permanent Secretary for Civil Service and Mr Anthony Mak, Principal Assistant Secretary (Civil Service) Training and Development, for exchange of views and sharing best practices on training and skill development of civil servants. She was accompanied by Consul General Mr. Prashant Agrawal and Consul Mr. Karun Bansal.

              - di from hk

              • http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1851313/india-looks-hong-kong-direct-investment-akin-mainland-china
              • https://www.clpindia.in/history.html The CLP Group started its India innings by acquiring a stake in the 655 MW gas powered Paguthan Combined Cycle Power Plant (formerly known as Gujarat Paguthan Energy Corporation) in Bharuch, Gujarat in 2002. Since then, CLP India's portfolio has expanded close to 3000 MW which includes close to 1000 MW of wind energy projects and a 1,320 MW coal fired power plant in Jhajjar, Haryana.
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20150823/00176_124.html 貪靚女士都知食澱粉質易致肥，肥人又係糖尿病高危一族。大家又估唔估到，以薄餅為主食嘅印度糖尿病患者竟多達一億五千萬人？做保健食品生意嘅「光學儀器大王」黃克競太太鍾海燕（Heidi），最近就意外發現呢個龐大商機，仲勇闖印度添！Heidi早前同合作夥伴余啟宸醫生去咗一趟印度，見識神秘國度嘅另一面。Heidi話，印度係佛教國家，大多數人食素，由於唔食肉易肚餓，所以佢哋食好多薄餅以便飽肚。但係麵粉嘅升糖指數高過米飯好多，印度人儲儲埋埋啲多餘熱量自然就易肥，故此九億人口中竟然多達一億五千萬人係糖尿病患者，真係得人驚。難怪去年有一間印度生物科技公司發現咗Heidi公司生產一隻純植物提煉嘅降血糖補充劑，如獲至寶，不停游說雙方合作。Heidi初初唔上心，一傾開即發現新大陸，梗係把握良機拍住搵商機。
              • 梁振英昨午再到訪印度鑽石交易所，了解印度的鑽石貿易。他其後參觀以香港為基地的建築師事務所負責的商廈項目「The Capital」。該項目正好作為香港專業服務業成功拓展海外市場的例證。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/02/03/a13-0203.pdf
              • http://m.economictimes.com/industry/energy/power/clp-india-buys-49-stake-in-suzlons-100-mw-solar-power-project-at-telangana/articleshow/52829703.cms Hong Kong based CLP Group has forayed into the Indian solar energy market by acquiring 49% stake in Suzlon Energy's 100 mw project in Telangana, the two companies said in a joint statement Monday. 
                While the two companies will develop the project at Veltoor in Telangana in a joint venture, under s special purpose vehicle namely SE Solar, CLP India will have the option to acquire the balance 51% stake later.
              • Case of posh hket 22jul16
              • http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170329/00176_108.html 做服裝商標織造生意嘅仁濟總理孫蔡吐媚（Mary）話，佢初初去印度設廠時，就要適應員工一日朝拜幾次，同埋用手食嘢嘅習慣。

              - di from india
              • http://www.icchk.org.hk/business_directory.php?char=
              • http://hkchina-indians.com/directory/com_info_dis_tra_all.php
              • Chellaram Shipping can trace its roots back to Madras, India where in 1916 the late Kishinchand Chellaram, founder of the Group established a textile business. This was to provide the cornerstone for development of a formidable International Trading Organisation with 50 branches spread across four continents. Mr Lal L. Chellaram, the current Group Chairman, set up the Shipping business in Hong Kong in 1979 and within a short period the Company started to manage three new vessels. http://www.chellship.com/aboutus.html
              • http://www.redpeppershk.com
              - delegation from hk
              •  亨達集團更藉此機會邀請數名中學校長同行，組織「一帶一路─印度歷史文化探索之旅」，由鄧予立親自講解http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20181102/PDF/b1_screen.pdf
              - indians in hk

              • http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2016-02/03/content_23365033.htm 
              •  香港印度华侨联谊会日前于长沙湾君好酒楼举办联欢会，香港印度协会主席Neena Puskarna，香港集美校友会会长李凤翔，香港集美中学校友会会长陈伟民等主礼。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171011/PDF/a19_screen.pdf
              • dayaram family
              • dayaram residence at stubbs road
              • kalavanti dayaram obit scmp 27mar18 
              • lachman mirpuri
              • obitruary scmp 22sep16 

              • 90後Yavnika Aggarwal（Yav）出身於首都新德里的中產家庭，早年隨家人移居香港，家人來港前已在家鄉買豪宅，如今更「搵港錢供印度樓」，並以十年時間供完樓！http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180723/00269_002.html
              • 來自印度的Yosha早年隨丈夫來港發展，現居市值過億元的豪宅，她不願只做少奶奶，反而積極開拓個人事業。除在世界銀行擔任顧問外，她創立的金融科技公司更曾成為亞洲「Fintech 100強」，近日更發展手袋事業http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20181203/00269_003.html
              • 畢堅文係中印混血兒，媽媽係中國人，自己亦都喺香港長大，直到大學先去外國升學http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20190120/00176_070.html
              • 來自名門望族的80後印度籍男生Dino，是典型的創業家，15歲起就開始做老闆，屢敗屢戰，不怕創業艱辛。他深信香港機會處處，是理想的營商地區，於是以香港為基地，再向世界各地投資房地產、創投、醫療項目等。他笑言，個人從不靠父幹，要靠自己建立事業王國。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190424/00269_001.html
              -  indian students in hk

              • Consul General will be visiting the various Universities in Hong Kong to meet with the newly arrived Indian students. Students from respective University are welcome to join the orientation session and make use of the opportunity to air their concerns and meet fellow Indian students. https://www.facebook.com/CGIHongKongChina/photos/a.1376631902602755/2123512511248020/

              - india club
              • jan Kalyan yagya event on 9may16 scmp 8may16 ad, ??? http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20160510/00176_120.html立法會議員葉劉淑儀尋日額頭點上紅點，披住橙色圍巾，打扮好有印度風。佢呢身打扮，其實係應邀出席一個印度禱福儀式。因為香港目前環境混亂，出現太多抗議，經濟又倒退，所以主辦機構就趁尋日印度吉日，邀請九名教士為香港禱福，儀式包括燃點聖火，而燃點嘅檀香樹及杧果樹木頭更係由印度專程運港。葉劉作為基督教徒點解又肯出席儀式呢？佢話係敬佩對方關懷香港、祝福香港嘅心意，又話呢班少數族裔因為經歷國家動盪，所以特別珍惜香港嘅繁榮穩定，更寄語港人向佢哋學習添！???

              - events in HK
              • http://www.chinadailyasia.com/focus/2015-02/06/content_15224527.html The biggest-ever festival of Indian arts in HK, kicking off next week, promises a glimpse into the multiplicity and diversity of cultures India has come to represent in the present time. A curtain-raiser by Chitralekha Basu.
              • Cg in hk organised seminar in association with kpmg, deloitte, eyon startup, budget, attrativeness survey (11 mar 16)



              Event
              - gujarat summit

              • http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21638147-how-modi-nomics-was-forged-one-indias-most-business-friendly-states
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