etymology
- Etymologists – the word origin people – trace “franchise” back to a mash-up of French terms meaning both “forthright expression” and “membership.” Five hundred years later and those two concepts remain intertwined in the FTC’s Franchise Rule. em 5sep2020
- Licensing Executives Society International http://www.les.org/
- Licensing Executives Society China http://www.les-cn-hk.org/index.htm
- properties search http://www.licensing.org/database/properties/
- http://www.iipcc.org International IP Commercialization Council
- SPLiCE is a trade organization founded as a best practice think-tank for trademark brand Licensors. http://spliceonline.com/
Applicable law in HK
- no franchise specific legislation
- code of ethics published by hk franchising association
- possible conflicts
- franchise (fee, brand, monitor)
- licence (fee, brand)
cases
- yam seng pte limited v international trade corporation limited [2013] EWHC 111(QB)
- Store operators of the financially struggling budget cosmetics brand Skinfood filed a lawsuit seeking compensation from the company in August, it was revealed Thursday. Four Skinfood franchisers asked the court to order Skinfood to compensate franchisers, citing poor management by Skinfood CEO Cho Yoon-ho, Skinfood confirmed.
- SPLiCE is a trade organization founded as a best practice think-tank for trademark brand Licensors. http://spliceonline.com/
Applicable law in HK
- no franchise specific legislation
- code of ethics published by hk franchising association
- not legally binding, minimum standard, provisions for franchisors, franchisees and franchise consultants
- pre-contractual confidentiality agreement
- content of typical franchise agreement (parties, recital, definitions, franchise rights & term, right of renewal, initial fees, pre-opening obligations, training, franchiser's continuing obligation, franchiser's operating obligation, telephone numbers, accounting records, insurance, premises, staffing, advertising/promotion, trademarks, improvements, manual, franchiser's rights to communicate with customers, transfer/right to sell, death or incapacity of the individual, termination, conditions following termination, miscellaneous)
- note: usually one-sided in franchiser's favour, draconian enforcement rights reserved by franchiser
- caveat emptor principle (let the buyer beware)
- formation, termination, remedies
- intellectual property
- tradename, trademark, copyright, design, patent, confidential information, goodwill
- product liability
- contract, tort of negligence, sale of goods ordinance, supply of services, cgso
- restraint of trade
- during franchise, after termination of franchise, prima facie unenforceable at common law, unlesxs reasonable with reference to public and parties interests
- business entity
- sole prop, partnership, ltd
- consumer protection
- control of exemption clauses ordinance, unconscionable contracts ordinance
- tax and accounting
- iro
- data protection
- personal data (privacy) ordinance
- real estate
- landlord and tenant (consolidation) ordinance
- franchise fee & royalties
- intelluctual property
- product liability
- labour and equipment
- sub-franchising
- operation manual
- business risks
- franchise (fee, brand, monitor)
- licence (fee, brand)
cases
- yam seng pte limited v international trade corporation limited [2013] EWHC 111(QB)
- on exclusive right to distribute certain fragrances bearing the brand name manchester united
- Store operators of the financially struggling budget cosmetics brand Skinfood filed a lawsuit seeking compensation from the company in August, it was revealed Thursday. Four Skinfood franchisers asked the court to order Skinfood to compensate franchisers, citing poor management by Skinfood CEO Cho Yoon-ho, Skinfood confirmed.
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181018000697
- launderette
- real estate
"example"
- 外地購經營權進軍飲食業 http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180508/00269_002.html
- 法國巴黎香榭麗舍大道的管理公司近日決定出售「香榭麗舍」名字和圖案版權，作為商業產品或公司品牌，收益撥作大道管理和其他活動支出。商業機構可買下這條被譽為全世界最美麗大道的名字版權，成為它們旗下產品的品牌名字。 大道上一間俄羅斯名茶專賣店，已計劃於七月初推出最新藍白紅名茶，帶頭為「香榭麗舍大道」品牌商品揭幕。此外，一間聖誕燈飾公司亦迅速加入步伐，將推出十多套以「香榭麗舍」命名的燈飾產品，以吸引遊客。大道管理公司表明，只向高級貨品出售名字版權，主席若恩納表示，從版權費所得來的收入，將為大道舉辦有水準的公眾活動。至於版權費方面，有意的公司需先交一個定額數目，另加按出售量比例的數額。按照國內市場，版權費通常在售價的百分之二至十。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180607/00180_022.html
country/place as name of product/brand
- mongolian barbecue
company
- Hard Rock Cafe Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain. In 2007, Hard Rock Cafe International (USA), Inc. was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida and was headquartered in Orlando, Florida, until April 2018 when the corporate offices were relocated to Davie, Florida.
- 朱嘉樂，BBS（1933年5月－），香港企業家。也是第一珍寶創辦人之一。朱嘉樂，1933年5月出生於廣州市，1946年，他來香港發展，擁有銷售家電行業經驗，1974年正式創辦第一珍寶集團有限公司，第一批成功向美國威士汀空調機，其後成功向日本富士通·通用廠商代理「珍寶」空調。1997年8月，他成功帶領把第一珍寶於香港交易所主板上市，直至2005年1月10日成功私有化，正式絕跡香港股市。
- launderette
- 立法會議員梁美芬接獲多宗涉及同一間特許經營自助洗衣店的投訴，昨日聯同七位苦主召開記者會，質疑特許經營招盟商簽約手法、拒絕提供詳細運營帳目及濫收行政費用，令投資者「貼錢買難受」，每月倒貼萬元填氹，嘆說「份約仲有五年點捱！」，本港現存法例、政策和制度對管理特許經營仍處空白，難以保障加盟者，建議港府及早修例堵塞漏洞。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20190203/00176_025.html
- real estate
- RE/MAX為美國上市公司，旗下的地產代理行分布於100個國家，員工逾12萬人，在全球特許經營商名單排行第七，為何總公司卻願意把中國總代理權給予兩名「（口靚）仔」？二人看過不少特許經營資料，知道RE/MAX為著名品牌，相關報道多為正面，其營運模式與其他地產代理行有分別，經紀所取得的佣金比例較合理，由五成至最高八成，變相容易吸引經紀加入。於是，他們便膽粗粗到美國與總公司洽商。要奪得代理權談何容易，數年前，二人與其他友人與美國總公司洽談但失敗，正當他們打算放棄，總行竟主動聯絡二人，表示認同兩位年輕人的營運理念與公司一致，邀請他們到當地視察環境及再度洽商，最後他們成功取得中國總代理權。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190131/00269_001.html
"example"
- 外地購經營權進軍飲食業 http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180508/00269_002.html
- 法國巴黎香榭麗舍大道的管理公司近日決定出售「香榭麗舍」名字和圖案版權，作為商業產品或公司品牌，收益撥作大道管理和其他活動支出。商業機構可買下這條被譽為全世界最美麗大道的名字版權，成為它們旗下產品的品牌名字。 大道上一間俄羅斯名茶專賣店，已計劃於七月初推出最新藍白紅名茶，帶頭為「香榭麗舍大道」品牌商品揭幕。此外，一間聖誕燈飾公司亦迅速加入步伐，將推出十多套以「香榭麗舍」命名的燈飾產品，以吸引遊客。大道管理公司表明，只向高級貨品出售名字版權，主席若恩納表示，從版權費所得來的收入，將為大道舉辦有水準的公眾活動。至於版權費方面，有意的公司需先交一個定額數目，另加按出售量比例的數額。按照國內市場，版權費通常在售價的百分之二至十。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180607/00180_022.html
country/place as name of product/brand
- mongolian barbecue
- When I first went to the US in 1996, every American I met would tell me that they love Mongolian barbecue. When I first heard about it, I thought the guy was nuts. Most Americans I met had a very vague idea where Mongolia was, so there was no way they could have tried Mongolian bbq. But as more people told me about it, I became keenly interested in trying it.After asking around, I and several of my Mongolian friends went there to try it. Let’s just say it was very disappointing.After that memorable visit, whenever somebody mentioned Mongolian BBQ, I would tell them sternly that there is no such thing as Mongolian BBQ, we don’t have a restaurant like that.In 2005, however, the first “Mongolian BBQ” restaurant opened in Mongolia. BD’s Mongolian BBQ franchise (the US franchise) opened its doors for business. So you can come to Mongolia and try the “Mongolian barbecue” in Mongolia. Then tell Mongols you met about that and watch them roll their eyes…https://www.quora.com/Mongolian-barbecue-restaurants-claim-that-the-origin-of-the-grill-comes-from-when-Mongolian-soldiers-would-heat-large-quantities-of-meat-on-their-shields-is-that-historically-accurate
company
- Hard Rock Cafe Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain. In 2007, Hard Rock Cafe International (USA), Inc. was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida and was headquartered in Orlando, Florida, until April 2018 when the corporate offices were relocated to Davie, Florida.
- The first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened on 14 June 1971 at Old Park Lane, Mayfair, London, under the ownership of young Americans Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton. Hard Rock initially had an eclectic decor, but it later started to display memorabilia. The chain began to expand worldwide in 1982 with locations in (among others) Toronto, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Paris, and Berlin.[5] Hard Rock Cafe locations in the United States vary from smaller, more tourist driven markets (Biloxi, Pigeon Forge, Key West, etc.) to large metropolises (Houston, Philadelphia, New York City, Chicago, Boston, Washington, D.C., etc.). Hard Rock Cafe typically does not franchise cafe locations in the United States. All US cafes are corporate owned and operated, except for cafes in Tampa and Four Winds New Buffalo casino.[6] However, in the transition of the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel property originally owned and then later sold to Rank by founder Peter Morton, Morton retained hotel naming rights west of the Mississippi. When Morton sold his Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel to the Morgans Hotel Group, he also sold those naming rights, which then gave rise to two US franchised hotels (without cafes) in Albuquerque and Tulsa. The Albuquerque hotel no longer pays for the Hard Rock rights and reverted to its former name in June 2013. More hotels franchised from Morgan's are planned for Sioux City and Vancouver. In 1990, The Rank Group, a London-based leisure company, acquired Mecca Leisure Group and continued expansion of the concept in its geographic territory. Rank went on to purchase Hard Rock America from Peter Morton as well as Hard Rock Canada from Nick Bitove. After the completion of these acquisitions, Rank gained worldwide control of the brand. In March 2007, the Seminole Tribe of Florida acquired Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. and other related entities from Rank for US$965 million.In 2008, anonymous members of the wait staff criticized the business because of its practice of paying them less than half the official minimum wage in the UK, with the business allocating tips to staff to bring their salaries within the law. Most customers, it was argued, do not realize that they are subsidizing a low wage when they give the tip.
- 美國必勝客最大的特許經銷商NPC International周三宣布申請破產保護， 成為受疫情重創、不堪重負倒下的又 一間公司。破產保護計劃下，NPC將 得以維持旗下必勝客及漢堡品牌 Wendy's門店的運營，同時亦會維持 相關門店的數量。 根據必勝客母公司百勝餐飲集團 提供的數據，截至2019年年底， NPC International旗下有1225間必勝 客餐廳，佔據美國必勝客餐廳總數的 17%。此外，該公司亦經營385間漢 堡品牌Wendy's。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200702/PDF/b2_screen.pdf
- burger king- 根據外電報道，連鎖快餐店漢堡王（Burger King）中國特許經營商Tab Food Investments（TFI）正考慮來香港上市，最快將於明年掛牌。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190824/00202_022.html
- 朱嘉樂，BBS（1933年5月－），香港企業家。也是第一珍寶創辦人之一。朱嘉樂，1933年5月出生於廣州市，1946年，他來香港發展，擁有銷售家電行業經驗，1974年正式創辦第一珍寶集團有限公司，第一批成功向美國威士汀空調機，其後成功向日本富士通·通用廠商代理「珍寶」空調。1997年8月，他成功帶領把第一珍寶於香港交易所主板上市，直至2005年1月10日成功私有化，正式絕跡香港股市。
- king corporations ltd
- sole agent of Chibi Maruko-chan in china, office in hk and shanghai
- people: wayne fong方凌俊, general manager wayne@king-ent.net; zoe cheng zoe@king-ent.net
souvenir company
- https://www.spirithk.com/
- bag for microsoft
people
- 從商約20年的周騫（Harry），早年協助多個品牌如Subway、台灣四海遊龍鍋貼水餃專門店等在港發展特許經營，被譽為「創業醫生」。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20181219/00269_001.html
in the case of boycott
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/3019203/south-koreans-want-avoid-muji-daiso-and-nintendo-brand-confusion
Research
- The Licensing Letter http://www.epmcom.com
- The Art of Licensing http://www.artoflicensing.com/
- skeleton licence agreement http://www.ipo.gov.uk/skeletonlicence.pdf
- contract consideration for international agreement http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/04/25/contract-international-license-agreement/
Stats
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2015-01/13/content_19301205.htm
Franchise association worldwide
- http://www.franchise.org/intlresources.aspx
Media
- Licensing Global http://www.licensemag.com/
- Total Licensing http://www.totallicensing.com/
Event
- Bologna Licensing Fair http://www.bolognalicensing.com
- Comikaze http://comikazeexpo.com/
- abf franchising expo http://www.portaldofranchising.com.br/feira-de-franquias
- macau franchising expo www.mfe.mo
- tokyo franchise show https://messe.nikkei.co.jp/en/fc/
- china franchise convention & exhibition in beijing
- international franchise license & business concept expo & conference in jakarta http://www.ifra-indonesia.com/
- licensing world russia www.licensingworld.ru
- franchise asia philippines http://franchiseasiaphl2014.com.ph/
- taipei international chain and franchise exhibition http://www.franchise.org/uploadedFiles/2014Taiwan.pdf
- saudi international franchising world expo
- China licensing expo in shanghai www.chinalicensingexpo.com
- franchising and licensing asia in singapore http://www.franchiselicenseasia.com/
- https://expo.franchiseindia.com/
- the global franchise market, dubai, uae by www.index.ae
- Total Licensing http://www.totallicensing.com/
Event
- Bologna Licensing Fair http://www.bolognalicensing.com
- Comikaze http://comikazeexpo.com/
- abf franchising expo http://www.portaldofranchising.com.br/feira-de-franquias
- macau franchising expo www.mfe.mo
- tokyo franchise show https://messe.nikkei.co.jp/en/fc/
- china franchise convention & exhibition in beijing
- international franchise license & business concept expo & conference in jakarta http://www.ifra-indonesia.com/
- licensing world russia www.licensingworld.ru
- franchise asia philippines http://franchiseasiaphl2014.com.ph/
- taipei international chain and franchise exhibition http://www.franchise.org/uploadedFiles/2014Taiwan.pdf
- saudi international franchising world expo
- China licensing expo in shanghai www.chinalicensingexpo.com
- franchising and licensing asia in singapore http://www.franchiselicenseasia.com/
- https://expo.franchiseindia.com/
- the global franchise market, dubai, uae by www.index.ae
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