etymology
- https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Julius-Caesar-call-Ireland-Hibernia-Land-of-Winter-Is-it-really-that-cold It was a mistranslation into Latin of a Greek representation of the ancient celtic name best represented as *Īweriū, the same origin as Eire. Julius did not give it that name, the name was already established before his time, indeed long before any Roman had set foot there or knew it other than as a tale.
royalty
- The term Kingship of Tara (/ˈtærə/) was a title of authority in ancient Ireland - the title is closely associated with the archaeological complex at the Hill of Tara. The position was considered to be of eminent authority in medieval Irish literature and Irish mythology, although national kingship was never a historical reality in early Ireland. The term also represented a prehistoric and mythical ideal of sacred kingship in Ireland. Holding the title King of Tara invested the incumbent with a powerful status. Many Irish High Kings were simultaneously Kings of Tara. The title emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries. In later times,[when?] actual claimants to this title used their position to promote themselves in status and fact to the High Kingship. Prior to this, various branches of the Uí Néill dynasty appear to have used it to denote overlordship of their kindred and realms. The titles King of Tara and High King of Ireland were distinct and unrelated for much of history.
Government
- Enterprise Ireland is an Irish state economic development agency focused on helping Irish-owned business deliver new export sales. The aim of Enterprise Ireland is to accelerate the development of Irish enterprises capable of achieving strong positions in global markets resulting in increased national and regional prosperity and purchasing power. Enterprise Ireland was established by the Industrial Development (Enterprise Ireland) Act 1998, superseding two earlier bodies: Forbairt and An Bord Tráchtála. Forbairt had been established as part of Forfás in 1993, to make industrial development grants, while An Bord Tráchtála had been established in 1991 by merging the Irish Goods Council and Córas Tráchtala. Córas Tráchtála had been founded in 1959 to market Irish goods abroad. The Irish Goods Council was founded to market Irish goods in Ireland in 1974, originally within the National Development Association as the Working Group on the Promotion and Sale of Irish Goods; in 1978 it was spun out and merged with Vivian Murray's private National Development Council as a limited company.
- food safety authority http://www.fsai.ie/- National Asset Management Agency http://www.nama.ie/ The National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) was established in December 2009 as one of a number of initiatives taken by the Irish Government to address the serious problems which arose in Ireland’s banking sector as the result of excessive property lending.
Causeway Coast and Glens is a local government district covering most of the northern part of Northern Ireland. It was created on 1 April 2015 by merging the Borough of Ballymoney, the Borough of Coleraine, the Borough of Limavady and the District of Moyle. The local authority is Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council.The area stretches around from the River Roe near Bellarena on the shores of Lough Foyle, with Magilligan Point with Benone Strand on the Atlantic Ocean, and Mussenden Templeperched on the cliffs to Castlerock. At Castlerock the first of the seaside resorts the estuary of the River Bann is reached with crossing points located upstream at Coleraine. From the River Bann the coast includes seaside resorts of Portstewart and Portrush. Further along there is Dunluce Castle, Portballintrae and the town of Bushmills. Whilst Bushmills (home to the world's oldest licensed distillery which has produced the famous Irish whiskey "Bushmills" since 1608). The River Bush is crossed beside the Giant's Causeway and Bushmills Railway, and the Giant's Causeway is nearby. The next place are Ballintoy, and onwards to Ballycastle.
- Armoy (from Irish: Oirthear Maí) - A monastic settlement which was founded by Saint Patrick in the 5th Century formerly sat to the northeast of the present day village, in the area of what is now St. Patrick's Parish Church.
dublin
- Dublin Castle (Irish: Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath) is a major Irish government complex, conference centre, and tourist attraction. It is located off Dame Street in Dublin.Until 1922 it was the seat of the British government's administration in Ireland. Most of the current construction dates from the 18th century, though a castle has stood on the site since the days of King John, the first Lord of Ireland. The Castle served as the seat of English, then later British, government of Ireland under the Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541), the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1800–1922).After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December 1921, the complex was ceremonially handed over to the newly formed Provisional Government led by Michael Collins. It now hosts the inauguration of each President of Ireland and various State receptions.The castle was built by the dark pool ("Dubh Linn") which gave Dublin its name. This pool lies on the lower course of the River Poddle before its confluence with the River Liffey; when the castle was built, the Liffey was much wider, and the castle was effectively defended by both rivers. The Poddle today runs under the complex.Dublin Castle was first founded as a major defensive work by Meiler Fitzhenry on the orders of King John of England in 1204,[2]some time after the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169, when it was commanded that a castle be built with strong walls and good ditches for the defence of the city, the administration of justice, and the protection of the King's treasure.[3] Largely complete by 1230, the castle was of typical Norman courtyard design, with a central square without a keep, bounded on all sides by tall defensive walls and protected at each corner by a circular tower.
- Dublin Corporation (Irish: Bardas Bhaile Átha Cliath), known by generations of Dubliners simply as The Corpo, is the former name given to the city government and its administrative organisation in Dublin between 1661 and 1 January 2002. It is now known as Dublin City Council. The long form of its name was The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the City of Dublin. Dublin Corporation first came into being under the Anglo-Normans in Dublin in the late 13th century. For centuries it was a two-chamber body, made up of an upper house of 24 aldermen, who elected a mayor from their number, and a lower house, known as the "sheriffs and commons", consisting the 48 sheriff's peers and 96 representatives of guilds. The modern Dublin Corporation was restructured by late 19th-century and 20th-century legislation, particularly, the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, with the elected body reduced to a single chamber Dublin City Council, presided over by the Lord Mayor of Dublin, an office first instituted but not filled by King Charles Iand reconstituted following the Restoration of the Crown by King Charles II. A later monarch, Queen Victoria, refused to visit Ireland for a number of years, partly in protest at Dublin Corporation's decision not to congratulate her son, Prince Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales, on both his marriage to Princess Alexandra of Denmark and on the birth of the royal couple's oldest son, Prince Albert Victor. On 1 January 2002, following a major reform of local government which also abolished the 300-year-old title of Alderman in the Republic of Ireland and 700-year-old title of 'town clerk' in Dublin, the name of Dublin Corporationwas abolished, with the 19th-century name Dublin City Council, which previously had been used simply to refer to the assembly of elected councillors, being given to the entire administration.
- Phoenix Park (Irish: Páirc an Fhionnuisce) is an urban park in Dublin, Ireland, lying 2–4 km west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey. Its 11 km perimeter wall encloses 707 hectares (1,750 acres); it is the largest enclosed public park within any European capital city. It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since the 17th century has been home to a herd of wild fallow deer. The English name comes from the Irish fionn uisce meaning "clear water".
The Galty Mountains or Galtees (Irish: Na Gaibhlte or Sléibhte na gCoillte) are a mountain range in Munster, located in Ireland's Golden Vale across Cork and parts of counties Tipperary and Limerick. The name "Galty" is thought to be a corruption of the Irish "Sléibhte na gCoillte" - "Mountains of the Forests" in English, however this Irish name has fallen out of use.The Galtees are Ireland's highest inland mountain range, taking the form of a high ridge which rises up almost sheer from the surrounding plain.
Galway (/ˈɡɔːlweɪ/; Irish: Gaillimh, pronounced [ˈɡalʲɪvʲ]) is a city in the West of Ireland in the province of Connacht. The city's name comes from the Irish name Gaillimhe, which formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, Dún Gaillimhe "Fort Gaillimh". (Mythical and alternative derivations of the name are given in History of Galway). Historically, the name was Anglicised as Galliv or Gallive, closer to the Irish pronunciation. The city's name in Latin is Galvia. The city also bears the nickname "City of the Tribes" (Irish: Cathair na dTreabh) because of the fourteen merchant families called the "tribes of Galway" who led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period. Residents of the city are referred to as Galwegians.
- On the west bank of the River Corrib as it enters the sea is the ancient neighbourhood of The Claddagh. For centuries it was an Irish-speaking enclave outside the city walls. Claddagh residents were mainly fisher folk and were governed by an elected 'King'. The King of the Claddagh settled or arbitrated disputes among the locals and had the privilege of a white sail on his fishing boat. The last true king, Martin Oliver, died in 1972. The title is still used but in a purely honorary and ceremonial context. The current King is Michael Lynskey. The area is also famous for its association with the Claddagh Ring.
- The patron saint of the city since the 14th century has been St Nicholas of Myra.
- Athenry (/æθənˈraɪ/; Irish: Baile Átha an Rí, meaning "Town of the Ford of the King")Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall, Athenry Castle, its priory and its 13th century Anglo-Norman street-plan.Its name derives from the ford ('Áth') crossing the river Clarin just east of the settlement. Though other inaccurate explanations are still given, it was called 'Áth na Ríogh' ('Ford of the Kings') because it was the home area of the Cenél nDéigill, kings of the Soghain, whose leading lineage were the Ó Mainnín. On some medieval maps of English origin the town is called Kingstown.
- Kinvara (Irish: Cinn Mhara, meaning "head of the sea"), also spelled Kinvarra lies at the head of Kinvara Bay, known in Irish as Cinn Mhara (or more recently Cuan Chinn Mhara), an inlet in the south-eastern corner of Galway Bay, from which the village took its name.Dunguaire Castle (Irish: Dún Guaire[lit, the Castle of Guaire]), a towerhouse of the Ó hEidhin(O'Hynes) clan, is located to the east of the village.
Kinvara is home every year to two festivals, Fleadh na gCuach ("the cuckoo festival") an Irish music festival at the start of May and the Cruinniú na mBád ("gathering of the boats") in mid August.
- Leenaun (Irish: An Líonán or Líonán Cinn Mhara, meaning "where the tide fills"), also Leenane, is a village and 1,845 acre townland in northern County Galway, Ireland, on the southern shore of Killary Harbour (one of only three fjords in Ireland), on the northern edge of Connemara.Within Maam Valley are some ancient woods, and across the fjord is Delphi (the valley of the Bundorragha River is sometimes called the Delphi Valley) in County Mayo, which has a postal address of "Leenane, Co. Galway," and which contains both a fishing lodge and a resort hotel and adventure sports centre. Both nearby, on the Erris River which runs into the fjord, and across at Delphi, with a river and two lakes, are active fisheries.Leenaun was the setting for the 1990 film The Field, and of Martin McDonagh's plays The Beauty Queen of Leenane and The Lonesome West.
- china/porcelain
- chinese
- *********"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?" is a popular song about a fictional village in Ireland, with themes of nostalgia and homesickness. It was introduced by Ella Logan in the original Broadway production of Finian's Rainbow. There is no actual Glocca Morra in Ireland (though there is a Glockamara).
愛奧那島 Iona (Scottish Gaelic: Ì Chaluim Chille, sometimes simply Ì) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It is mainly known for Iona Abbey, though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries[3] and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment.[6] It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill").
- En 593, Colomba venant d'Irlande arrive sur l'île d'Iona avec douze compagnons, dont Odran d'Iona, et fonde un monastère qu'il va vouloir transformer en lieu de diffusion et de propagation de la foi chrétienne parmi les Pictes et les Scots. Dès lors, l'île est le lieu des couronnements et des enterrements des rois scots. Le livre de Kells est un manuscrit enluminé, on croit qu'il a été écrit par les moines d'Iona peu avant l'an 800
- [futurelearn] By the latter half of the eighth century, Iona had become a place of pilgrimage for some of the greatest Irish leaders. These included Niall Frossach, king of the Cenél nEógain (a branch of the O’Neill family who ruled over much of north-west Ireland and claimed shared ancestry with Colum Cille) and Artgal, son of Cathal, king of Connaught (the west of Ireland), both of whom spent their last years there. The land at Kells was almost certainly gifted to the fleeing community of Iona in the early ninth century by the Cenél nEógain who owned much of the territory in the area. It seems likely therefore, that while the Book of Kells was the work of religious men, its creation was most likely enabled by the secular powers of the day.
- In 1938 George MacLeod founded the Iona Community, an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the Christian church committed to seeking new ways of living the Gospel of Jesus in today's world. This community is a leading force in the present Celtic Christian revival. The Iona Community runs 3 residential centres on the Isle of Iona and on Mull, where one can live together in community with people of every background from all over the world. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to the concerns of the Iona Community. The 8 tonne Fallen Christ sculpture by Ronald Rae was permanently situated outside the MacLeod Centre in February 2008.
- japan
- Kells was founded as a monastic settlement by Saint Columba c. 550 on land that had been gifted to him by the King of Tara - Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Columba was exiled after the Battle of Cúl Dreimhne (AD 561). The Abbey of Kells was refounded in the early 9th century by monks from Iona. The high crosses were erected in the 9th/10th century and the round tower in the 10th century.The Annals of Tigernach state that in 1076 "Murchadh son of Flann Ó Maolseachlainn, was treacherously killed by Olaf son of Maelán, king of the Galenga, in the round tower of Kells, and straightway, through a miracle of St Columcill's, Olaf himself was killed by Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar." Olaf (note the Norse name) was king of Gailenga Brega, a kingdom located between the River Liffey and Santry. Murchadh was King of Mide for a time in 1073. Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar was himself later King of Mide, 1094–1105.Like most round towers, it has lost its cap, possibly due to lightning strikes.
kerry
******County Mayo (Irish: Contae Mhaigh Eo, meaning "Plain of the yew trees") is a county in Ireland. In the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht, it is named after the village of Mayo, now generally known as Mayo Abbey. County Mayo has a long history and prehistory. At Belderrig on the north Mayo coast, there is evidence for Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) communities around 4500 cal. BC., while throughout the county there is a wealth of archaeological remains from the Neolithic (New Stone Age) period (ca. 4,000 BC to 2,500 BC), particularly in terms of megalithic tombs and ritual stone circles. The first people who came to Ireland – mainly to coastal areas as the interior was heavily forested – arrived during the Middle Stone Age, as long as eleven thousand years ago. Artefacts of hunter/gatherers are sometimes found in middens, rubbish pits around hearths where people would have rested and cooked over large open fires.
- Motto(s): Dia is Muire Linn (Irish) "God and Mary be with us"
羅斯康芒 Roscommon (Irish: Ros Comáin, meaning "Saint Coman's wood") is the largest and county town of County Roscommon in Ireland.The name Roscommon is derived from Coman mac Faelchon who built a monastery there in the 5th century. The woods near the monastery became known as Ros Comáin (St. Coman's Wood). This was later anglicised to Roscommon.Roscommon was the homeland of the Connachta dynasty, and included such kingdoms as Uí Maine, Delbhna Nuadat, Síol Muirdeach, and Moylurg. In addition, it contained areas known as Trícha cét's, Túathand is the homeland of surnames such as Ó Conchobhair (O'Conor, O'Connor), Mac Diarmada (McDermott), Ó Ceallaigh (Kelly), Ó Birn (Beirne, Byrne, Burns), Mac Donnchadha (McDonough) and Brennan (Mac Branáin and Ó Branáin).The town is the location of a notable archaeological find in 1945 when a lunula, a gold necklace, and two discs were discovered. Both items are dated to the period 2300 and 1800 BC.
Saul (from Irish Sabhall Phádraig, meaning 'Patrick's barn') is the name of a townland (of 488 acres) and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is claimed that when Saint Patrick arrived in Ireland in 432, strong currents swept his boat through the Strangford Lough tidal narrows and he landed where the Slaney River flows into the lough. The local chieftain, Dichu, was quickly converted and gave him a barn for holding services. Allegedly, Saint Patrick died in Saul on 17 March 461 and is buried in nearby Downpatrick. The modern "Saint Patrick's Memorial Church" is built on the reputed spot of this building and includes a replica round tower. To the east of the parish is Saint Patrick's Catholic Church.
- two other available wiki versions are gaelic and basque
Shannon (Irish: Sionainn) or Shannon Town (Baile na Sionnainne), named after the river near which it stands, is a town in County Clare, Ireland. It was given town status on 1 January 1982. Shannon is a new town. Spearheaded by Brendan O'Regan, it was built in the 1960s on reclaimed marshland alongside Shannon Airport, along with the Shannon Free Zone industrial estate. The residential areas were intended as a home for the thousands of workers at the airport, surrounding industries and support services. Population growth was never as fast as planned throughout the first few decades of the town's existence. This was partly due to the proximity of 'friendly' places to live, such as Ennis town and Limerick city, or even the nearby village of Newmarket-on-Fergus. The 'planned' nature of this town did not necessarily result in a successful town. It was lacking in facilities, and the town's shopping centre was also of poor design. Shops fronted onto pedestrian malls that were originally uncovered, allowing estuary winds and rain to strike at shoppers. The early low-cost housing (tower-block flats located in Drumgeely, near the airport) was poor-quality terraced housing. Shannon was located in the parish of Newmarket-on-Fergus in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe, and at first a priest in residence of the airport served the population. In 1966 St. Senan’s School was opened and Mary Immaculate Church was built on Corrib Drive. On 24 December 1967 the parish of Shannon was created. For a short period a group of Dominican Sisters of England had a community in the parish. In 1974 they were replaced by the Sisters of Mercy. The church of Saints John and Paul was opened in Tullyvarraga in 1980. Other churches are the Adoration Chapel in and the Shannon Airport Oratory. St. John’s Church of Ireland School was the first school established in Shannon in 1962. Christ Church Shannon opened in 1962, also serving members of the reformed faiths, but it is now closed. The Church of Ireland community is served by the Drumcliffe Union and the Methodist community is served by a lay pastor.
- Shannon Free Zone is a 2.43 square kilometres (600 acres), international business park adjacent to Shannon Airport, County Clare, Ireland which is 18 km from Ennisand 20 km from Limerick. Businesses based on the site enjoyed special tax incentives on staff and profits until 2003. This attracted a large number of multinationalcompanies. Currently there are over 100 international firms and 6,500 people employed at Shannon Free Zone in a diverse range of activities. Companies who have invested at Shannon include Avocent, DeBeers Industrial Diamonds (Now Element Six), Kraus & Naimer, GE Capital, Precision Castparts Corp., Genworth, Ingersoll Rand, Intel, John Crane, Lufthansa Technik, Mentor Graphics, Molex, Illinois Tool Works, RSA Security, Schwarz Pharma and Zimmer. The Free Zone was managed by Shannon Development, an Irish government agency. It was established in 1959, as the world's first Free Trade Zone. It is now managed by Shannon Commercial Properties, a commercial semi-state company and part of Shannon Group plc.
ulster
- The Flight of the Earls (Irish: Imeacht na nIarlaí) took place on 4 September 1607, when Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Rory O'Donnell, 1st earl of Tyrconnell, and about ninety followers left Ulster in Ireland for mainland Europe.The earls left from the town of Rathmullan with some of the leading Gaelic families in Ulster; they traveled down Lough Swilly on a French ship. Their departure was the end of the old Gaelic order, in the sense that the earls were descended from Gaelic clan dynasties that had ruled their parts of Ulster for centuries. The Flight of the Earls was a watershed in Irish history, as the ancient Gaelic aristocracy of Ulster went into permanent exile. Despite their attachment to and importance in the Gaelic system, the Earls' ancestors had accepted their Earldoms from the English-run Kingdom of Ireland in the 1540s, under the policy of surrender and regrant. Some historians argue that their flight was forced upon them by the fallout from the Tudor conquest of Ireland, others that it was a strategic mistake that cleared the way for the Plantation of Ulster.
- The Plantation of Ulster (Irish: Plandáil Uladh; Ulster-Scots: Plantin o Ulstèr) was the organised colonisation (plantation) of Ulster – a province of Ireland – by people from Great Britain during the reign of King James I. Most of the colonists came from Scotland and England. Small private plantation by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while the official plantation began in 1609. Most of the land colonised was forfeited from the native Gaelic chiefs, many of whom had fled Ireland for mainland Europe in 1607 following the Nine Years' War against English rule in Ireland. The official plantation comprised an estimated half a million acres(2,000 km²) of arable land in counties Armagh, Cavan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Tyrconnell and Londonderry. Land in counties Antrim, Down and Monaghan was privately colonised with the king's support. Among those involved in planning and overseeing the plantation were King James I, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Arthur Chichester, and the Attorney-General for Ireland, John Davies. They saw the plantation as a means of controlling, anglicising and "civilising" Ulster. The province was almost wholly Gaelic, Catholic and rural, and had been the region most resistant to English control. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. The colonists (or "British tenants") were required to be English-speaking, Protestant, and loyal to the king. Some of the undertakers and colonists however were Catholic and it has been suggested that a significant number of the Scots spoke Gaelic. The Scottish colonists were mostly Presbyterian and the English mostly members of the Church of England. The Plantation of Ulster was the biggest of the Plantations of Ireland. It led to the founding of many of Ulster's towns and created a lasting Ulster Protestant community in the province with ties to Britain. It also resulted in many of the native Irish losing their land and led to ethnic and sectarian conflict, notably in the Irish rebellion of 1641.
Association
- institute for international integration studies https://www.tcd.ie/iiis/
- political party
- trade union
- Conradh na Gaeilge (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkɔn̪ˠɾˠə nə ˈɡeːlʲɟə]; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it emerged as the successor of several 19th century groups such as the Gaelic Union. The organisation would be the spearhead of the Gaelic revival and Gaeilgeoiractivism. Originally the organisation intended to be apolitical, but many of its participants became involved in Irish nationalism.
- Independent News & Media plc (INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland publishing national daily newspapers, Sunday newspapers, 13 regional newspapers and operating multiple websites including Independent.ie. INM operates in the Ireland and Northern Ireland. Its titles include the highest circulation daily and Sunday papers in Ireland. The INM group of companies was dominated by Tony O'Reilly and his family between 1973 and 2012. Thereafter Denis O'Brien was the largest shareolder in Independent News & Media. Mediahuis are now the largest shareholder in the group. According to The Guardian, it has "long been at the centre of controversy, due to the journalistic output of its main titles - the Irish Independent (the Indo) and the Sunday Independent (the Sindo)."
Company
- bank
- hotel
- job search
-newspaper
university
- Dublin Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as DIT) (Irish: Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Atha Cliath) is the largest constituent institute of Technological University Dublin, Ireland.Established in its present form by legislation in 1992. The first of DIT's predecessor colleges, the City of Dublin Technical Schools was founded in 1887 by Arnold Felix Graves. In 1975 the University of Dublin entered into an agreement whereby it conferred academic degrees at the colleges that formed Dublin Institute of Technology; this allowed these graduates a vote in the University of Dublin constituency for Seanad Éireann representatives. This continued until 1998, when Dublin Institute of Technology was granted its own autonomous degree-awarding powers under the Dublin Institute of Technology Act 1992
People
- Brian Boru (Old Irish: Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig; Middle Irish: Brian Bóruma; modern Irish: Brian Bóramha; c. 941 – 23 April 1014), was an Irish king who ended the domination of the High Kingship of Ireland by the Uí Néill. Bestowed the title of "Imperator Scottorum" or "Emperor of the Gaels", he built on the achievements of his father, Cennétig mac Lorcain, and especially his elder brother, Mathgamain, Brian first made himself King of Munster, then subjugated Leinster, eventually becoming High King of Ireland. He was the founder of the O'Brien dynasty, and is widely regarded as one of the most successful and unifying monarchs in medieval Ireland. With a population of under 500,000 people, Ireland had over 150 kings, with greater or lesser domains. The Uí Néill king Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, abandoned by his northern kinsmen of the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill, acknowledged Brian as High King at Athlone in 1002. In the decade that followed, Brian campaigned against the northern Uí Néill, who refused to accept his claims, against Leinster, where resistance was frequent, and against the Norse-Gaelic Kingdom of Dublin. Brian's hard-won authority was seriously challenged in 1013 when his ally Máel Sechnaill was attacked by the Cenél nEógain king Flaithbertach Ua Néill, with the Ulstermen as his allies. This was followed by further attacks on Máel Sechnaill by the Dubliners under their king Sihtric Silkbeard and the Leinstermen led by Máel Mórda mac Murchada. Brian campaigned against these enemies in 1013. In 1014, Brian's armies confronted the armies of Leinster and Dublin. The resulting Battle of Clontarf saw Brian killed, his army nonetheless victorious against the Leinstermen and Norsemen. The battle is widely lauded as an instrumental moment in Irish history, and is well known in popular memory. 布赖恩·博鲁一生都在四处征战，978年统一芒斯特全境，成为芒斯特国王。1002年推翻马拉基二世，自立为爱尔兰至尊王。1014年在与丹麦人的决战中被杀，但这场决战也使爱尔兰摆脱丹麦人的奴役。 Brian was well regarded by contemporary chroniclers. The Norse-Gaels and Scandinavians also produced works mentioning Brian, including Njal's Saga, the Orkneyinga Saga, and the now-lost Brian's Saga. Brian's war against Máel Mórda and Sihtric was to be inextricably connected with his complicated marital relations, in particular his marriage to Gormlaith, Máel Mórda's sister and Sihtric's mother, who had been in turn the wife of Amlaíb Cuarán, king of Dublin and York, then of Máel Sechnaill, and finally of Brian.
- Daniel O'Connell (Irish: Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), often referred to as The Liberator or The Emancipator, was an Irish political leader in the first half of the 19th century. He campaigned for Catholic emancipation—including the right for Catholics to sit in the Westminster Parliament, denied for over 100 years—and repeal of the Acts of Union which combined Great Britain and Ireland. Throughout his career in Irish politics, O'Connell was able to gain a large following among the Irish masses in support of him and his Catholic Association. O'Connell's main strategy was one of political reformism, working within the parliamentary structures of the British state in Ireland and forming an alliance of convenience with the Whigs. More radical elements broke with O'Connell to found the Young Ireland movement.
- Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served from 1875 as Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and whose party held the balance of power in the House of Commons during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1890. Born into a powerful Anglo-Irish Protestantlandowning family, he was a land reform agitator, founder in 1879 of the Irish National Land League. He became leader of the Home Rule League, operating independently of the Liberals, winning great influence by his balancing of constitutional, radical, and economic issues, and by his skillful use of parliamentary procedure. He was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol in 1882 but released when he renounced violent extra-Parliamentary action. The same year, he reformed the Home Rule League as the Irish Parliamentary Party, which he controlled minutely as Britain's first disciplined democratic party. The hung parliament of 1885 saw him hold the balance of power between William Gladstone's Liberals and Lord Salisbury's Conservatives. His power was one factor in Gladstone's adoption of Home Rule as the central tenet of the Liberal Party. His reputation peaked in 1889–90 when letters published in The Times linking him to the Phoenix Park killings of 1882 were shown to have been forged by Richard Pigott. However, the Irish Parliamentary Party split in 1890 after the revelation of Parnell's long adulterous love affair, causing many English Liberals (many of them nonconformists) to refuse to work with him, and strong opposition from Catholic bishops. He headed a small minority faction until his death in 1891.
- Douglas Ross Hyde (Irish: Dubhghlas de hÍde; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. "The Pleasant Little Branch"), was an Irish academic, linguist, and scholar of the Irish language (Gaeilge) who served as the 1st President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival, and first president of the Gaelic League, one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time.
- Patrick "Paddy" Heeney (19 October 1881 – 13 June 1911), sometimes spelt Heaney, was an Irish composer whose most famous work is the music to the Irish national anthem "Amhrán na bhFiann" (English: "The Soldier's Song").Heeney was born at 101 Lower Mecklenburgh Street (now Railway Street) in Dublin. He was the son of a local grocer and attended St. Patrick’s National School at 13 Mecklenburgh Street. He was a member of the Col. John O’Mahoney Hurling Club. A 1975 memoir of Peadar Kearney states Heeney initially worked for the postal service before taking employment as a bagman at Hickey's Drapers in North Earl Street.Heeney was unable to write music, but had a knowledge of tonic solfa and usually composed by trying out melodies on his melodeon.
- Peter Denis Sutherland (25 April 1946 – 7 January 2018) was an Irish international businessman and former Attorney General of Ireland, associated with the Fine Gael party. He was a barrister by profession and was a Senior Counsel of the Irish Bar. He was known for serving in a variety of international organisations, political and business roles. Sutherland was the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration until March 2017. Appointed in January 2006, he was responsible for the creation of the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD). He served as President of the International Catholic Migration Commission, as well as member of the Migration Advisory Board of the International Organisation for Migration. Sutherland has previously served as Attorney General of Ireland (1981–84), European Commissioner responsible for Competition Policy (1985–89); Founding Director-General of The World Trade Organisation, formerly GATT (1993–95), and former Chairman of Goldman Sachs International (1995–2015). He has received numerous awards including European Person of the Year Award (1988).
- Peter Barry (10 August 1928 – 26 August 2016) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and businessman from Cork city. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1997, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987 he helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Agreement. In 1987 he served for a short time as Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).
- Denis O'Brien (born 19 April 1958) is an Irish businessman and the founder and owner of Digicel and Communicorp. He was listed among the World's Top 200 Billionaires in 2015 and is also Ireland's richest native-born citizen. His business interests also extend to aircraft leasing (Aergo Capital), utilities support (Actavo), petroleum (Topaz Energy, until 2016), and football (soccer), being a minority shareholder of Celtic F.C.. O'Brien was implicated by the Moriarty Tribunal as having improperly influenced the decision to award a mobile phone license to the Esat Digifone consortium, which he chaired. O'Brien was born in the city of Cork and grew up in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin. His father was a salesman for a veterinary pharmaceutical company, and he often accompanied his father on business trips, where he learned how to "sell and to present". He attended The High School in Rathgar, and although he was suspended for disciplinary problems, his talent for rugby was such that he was asked to return so that he could participate in a championship for the school. He studied politics, history and logic at University College Dublin, graduating in 1977. After winning a scholarship from Boston College while attending UCD, he completed an MBA in corporate finance there in 1982. Upon his return to Dublin, he was employed as an assistant manager in a local bank, but left that job and became a personal assistant to Tony Ryan, owner of an aircraft leasing company.
- Arthur St. John Ryan (July 1935[1] – 8 July 2019) was an Irish businessman who was the founder, chairman, and chief executive of Primark. The company Primark trades under the name of Penneys in the Republic of Ireland.Arthur Ryan was born the son of a Cork-born insurance clerk in 1935, and went to the Synge Street CBS in Dublin after moving to the city with his family. After emigrating to London, he entered the genteel world of gentlemen's tailoring as a tie buyer at Swan & Edgar. He also worked for London fashion wholesaler Carr & McDonald. From there, he returned to Dublin and a job at Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt.
- of indian origin
- from uk
- Baron Oranmore and Browne, of Carrabrowne Castle in the County of Galway and of Castle Macgarrett in the County of Mayo, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1836 for Dominick Browne, who had earlier represented County Mayo in the House of Commons. His son, the second Baron, sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1869 to 1900. Lord Oranmore and Browne assumed the surname of Guthrie on his marriage in 1859 to Christina Guthrie. He was succeeded by his son, the third Baron. He was an Irish Representative Peer from 1902 to 1926 and a member of the short-lived Senate of Southern Ireland. In 1926 he was created Baron Mereworth, of Mereworth Castle in the County of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This title gave the barons an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. On his death in 1927 the title passed to his son, the fourth Baron. He married, as his third wife, the actress Sally Gray. Lord Oranmore and Browne died in August 2002, aged 100 years and 291 days. He was thereby the third-oldest hereditary peer ever. As of 2014 the titles are held by his son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2002. In May 2011, Mereworth went to court to attempt to force the House of Lords to issue him a Writ of Summons allowing him to sit and vote in the House by virtue of the Letters Patent issued in the creation of the barony. The case (Baron Mereworth v Ministry of Justice) was dismissed on the grounds that the High Court did not have jurisdiction on how the House of Lords conducted its business. Furthermore, even if the court did have jurisdiction, the House of Lords act of 1999 clearly withdrew the right of holders of Letters Patent to be issued a Writ of Summons purely "by virtue" of those Letters. Mereworth was also ordered to pay £8,800 in costs. This case was referenced as precedent in the official rebuttal of a claim by Viscount Monckton that he was entitled to claim membership of the House of Lords.
clans
- The Ó Duibhgeannáin (Irish pronunciation: [oː ˈd̪ɪvʲɡʲanɑːnʲ]) clan were a family of professional historians in medieval and early modern Ireland. They originated in the kingdom of Annaly (formerly called Tethbae) on the east bank of the Shannon (mostly situated in what is now County Longford) and later migrated into Connacht. Writing in 1921 the Irish historian, Fr. Paul Walsh stated that "The celebrated Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh ... informs us that the O Duigenans followed the profession of historiographers under the families of Clann Mhaiolruanaidh and Conmhaicne in Magh Rein, that is, with the Mac Dermotts and the MacDonoughs in the west, and with the O Farrells in the territory of Annaly." The earliest known reference to a bearer of the surname dates to 1296, when, according to the Annals of the Four Masters "Maelpeter O'Duigennan, Archdeacon of Breifny, from Drumcliff to Kells, died." Less than thirty years later in the year 1323 (according to the same source) – "Gillapatrick O'Duigennan, Chief Historian of Conmaicne, and Lucas, his son, were slain by Conor, the son of Garvey Maguire." The family themselves can be traced back with confidence several centuries further, ultimately to Maine of Tethba, an alleged son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. While Maine's relationship is probably fictitious, there seems to be no good reason for doubting that the O Duibhgeannain descend from the figure claimed as an ancestor by the rulers of Hy-Many.
Trade and investment environment
- insurance
- aircraft leasing
- energy
- https://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Historical_Information/The_Constitution/Bunreacht_na_h%C3%89ireann_October_2015_Edition.pdf
irish (language)
- "Craic" (/kræk/ KRAK) or "crack" is a term for news, gossip, fun, entertainment, and enjoyable conversation, particularly prominent in Ireland. It is often used with the definite article – the craic – as in the expression "What's the craic?" (meaning "How are you?" or "What's happening?"). The word has an unusual history; the English crackwas borrowed into Irish as craic in the mid-20th century and the Irish spelling was then reborrowed into English. Under either spelling, the term has great cultural currency and significance in Ireland.
- nollaig shona duit/daoibh merry christmas to you
- names
Surname
- Moynihan is a surname with Irish origin. Recorded in several spellings forms including Moynihan, Monahan, Monaghan, Monaham, Minihane, Minihan, and probably others, this is an Irish surname of great antiquity. It originates from the Gaelic O' Muimhneachain, which literally translates as "The male descendant of the Munsterman". The surname is most popular in Counties Cork and Kerry, which form part of the province of Munster. The modern spellings are usually Moynihan and Monaghan, the spelling in the 16th century being generally recorded as Minighane, and regarded as the principal surname of West Cork. Michael and Mortimer Moynihan were famous rebels in the late 16th century, and hailed from Skibbereen. Several of the name were famine immigrants into New York, who embarked from Liverpool on the ship "Hampden" bound for that port on December 8th 1846. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Teag O' Muimhneachain, dated 1659, in the Barony of Tulla, during the reign of Richard Cromwell, known as "The Lord Protector", 1658 - 1660. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Agriculture
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/142a58aa-5d48-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html
The septuagenarian is the driving force behind an event that has been transformed in recent years from a local occasion into one of Europe’s largest agricultural fairs, as well as a much-loved symbol of Irish identity — the National Ploughing Championships.
Population policy
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b3db43dc-c1c1-11e4-abb3-00144feab7de.html Ireland’s prime minister has appealed to emigrants who left the country after its economic and financial crash to return home, as the government steps up efforts to woo investors and skilled expatriates and capitalise on the tentative Irish economic recovery.
language
- Irish (Gaeilge), also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD; this stage of the language is known as Primitive Irish
By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, which was spoken throughout Ireland and in Scotland and the Isle of Man. It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle. From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland.https://www.facebook.com/IrelandinHK/photos/pcb.1954778898070198/1954778101403611/
- history
- https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Julius-Caesar-call-Ireland-Hibernia-Land-of-Winter-Is-it-really-that-cold It was a mistranslation into Latin of a Greek representation of the ancient celtic name best represented as *Īweriū, the same origin as Eire. Julius did not give it that name, the name was already established before his time, indeed long before any Roman had set foot there or knew it other than as a tale.
royalty
- The term Kingship of Tara (/ˈtærə/) was a title of authority in ancient Ireland - the title is closely associated with the archaeological complex at the Hill of Tara. The position was considered to be of eminent authority in medieval Irish literature and Irish mythology, although national kingship was never a historical reality in early Ireland. The term also represented a prehistoric and mythical ideal of sacred kingship in Ireland. Holding the title King of Tara invested the incumbent with a powerful status. Many Irish High Kings were simultaneously Kings of Tara. The title emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries. In later times,[when?] actual claimants to this title used their position to promote themselves in status and fact to the High Kingship. Prior to this, various branches of the Uí Néill dynasty appear to have used it to denote overlordship of their kindred and realms. The titles King of Tara and High King of Ireland were distinct and unrelated for much of history.
Government
- Enterprise Ireland is an Irish state economic development agency focused on helping Irish-owned business deliver new export sales. The aim of Enterprise Ireland is to accelerate the development of Irish enterprises capable of achieving strong positions in global markets resulting in increased national and regional prosperity and purchasing power. Enterprise Ireland was established by the Industrial Development (Enterprise Ireland) Act 1998, superseding two earlier bodies: Forbairt and An Bord Tráchtála. Forbairt had been established as part of Forfás in 1993, to make industrial development grants, while An Bord Tráchtála had been established in 1991 by merging the Irish Goods Council and Córas Tráchtala. Córas Tráchtála had been founded in 1959 to market Irish goods abroad. The Irish Goods Council was founded to market Irish goods in Ireland in 1974, originally within the National Development Association as the Working Group on the Promotion and Sale of Irish Goods; in 1978 it was spun out and merged with Vivian Murray's private National Development Council as a limited company.
- food safety authority http://www.fsai.ie/- National Asset Management Agency http://www.nama.ie/ The National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) was established in December 2009 as one of a number of initiatives taken by the Irish Government to address the serious problems which arose in Ireland’s banking sector as the result of excessive property lending.
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ea424e5e-3cd6-11e4-9733-00144feabdc0.html
- https://www.ft.com/content/50df17f2-9a10-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b
The “bad bank” created to clean up Ireland’s banks after the country’s property boom turned into a financial crash a decade ago is set for a new lease of life: as a state property developer.
- 1 December 1994: Bord Bia/Irish Food Board was established by an act of the Irish parliament (the Dáil). It brought together the former CBF (Córas Beostoic agus Feola - the Irish Meat and Livestock Board) and the food promotion activities of An Bord Tráchtála/the Irish Trade Board, now part of Enterprise Ireland. 1 July 2004: Responsibility for the development of the horticultural industry in Ireland, which rested with the former Bord Glas, was integrated into Bord Bia. 1 June 2009 The responsibility for seafood promotion in domestic and international markets was transferred from BIM (Bord Iascaigh Mhara) to Bord Bia.
Causeway Coast and Glens is a local government district covering most of the northern part of Northern Ireland. It was created on 1 April 2015 by merging the Borough of Ballymoney, the Borough of Coleraine, the Borough of Limavady and the District of Moyle. The local authority is Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council.The area stretches around from the River Roe near Bellarena on the shores of Lough Foyle, with Magilligan Point with Benone Strand on the Atlantic Ocean, and Mussenden Templeperched on the cliffs to Castlerock. At Castlerock the first of the seaside resorts the estuary of the River Bann is reached with crossing points located upstream at Coleraine. From the River Bann the coast includes seaside resorts of Portstewart and Portrush. Further along there is Dunluce Castle, Portballintrae and the town of Bushmills. Whilst Bushmills (home to the world's oldest licensed distillery which has produced the famous Irish whiskey "Bushmills" since 1608). The River Bush is crossed beside the Giant's Causeway and Bushmills Railway, and the Giant's Causeway is nearby. The next place are Ballintoy, and onwards to Ballycastle.
- Armoy (from Irish: Oirthear Maí) - A monastic settlement which was founded by Saint Patrick in the 5th Century formerly sat to the northeast of the present day village, in the area of what is now St. Patrick's Parish Church.
dublin
- Dublin Castle (Irish: Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath) is a major Irish government complex, conference centre, and tourist attraction. It is located off Dame Street in Dublin.Until 1922 it was the seat of the British government's administration in Ireland. Most of the current construction dates from the 18th century, though a castle has stood on the site since the days of King John, the first Lord of Ireland. The Castle served as the seat of English, then later British, government of Ireland under the Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541), the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1800–1922).After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December 1921, the complex was ceremonially handed over to the newly formed Provisional Government led by Michael Collins. It now hosts the inauguration of each President of Ireland and various State receptions.The castle was built by the dark pool ("Dubh Linn") which gave Dublin its name. This pool lies on the lower course of the River Poddle before its confluence with the River Liffey; when the castle was built, the Liffey was much wider, and the castle was effectively defended by both rivers. The Poddle today runs under the complex.Dublin Castle was first founded as a major defensive work by Meiler Fitzhenry on the orders of King John of England in 1204,[2]some time after the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169, when it was commanded that a castle be built with strong walls and good ditches for the defence of the city, the administration of justice, and the protection of the King's treasure.[3] Largely complete by 1230, the castle was of typical Norman courtyard design, with a central square without a keep, bounded on all sides by tall defensive walls and protected at each corner by a circular tower.
- Dublin Corporation (Irish: Bardas Bhaile Átha Cliath), known by generations of Dubliners simply as The Corpo, is the former name given to the city government and its administrative organisation in Dublin between 1661 and 1 January 2002. It is now known as Dublin City Council. The long form of its name was The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the City of Dublin. Dublin Corporation first came into being under the Anglo-Normans in Dublin in the late 13th century. For centuries it was a two-chamber body, made up of an upper house of 24 aldermen, who elected a mayor from their number, and a lower house, known as the "sheriffs and commons", consisting the 48 sheriff's peers and 96 representatives of guilds. The modern Dublin Corporation was restructured by late 19th-century and 20th-century legislation, particularly, the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, with the elected body reduced to a single chamber Dublin City Council, presided over by the Lord Mayor of Dublin, an office first instituted but not filled by King Charles Iand reconstituted following the Restoration of the Crown by King Charles II. A later monarch, Queen Victoria, refused to visit Ireland for a number of years, partly in protest at Dublin Corporation's decision not to congratulate her son, Prince Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales, on both his marriage to Princess Alexandra of Denmark and on the birth of the royal couple's oldest son, Prince Albert Victor. On 1 January 2002, following a major reform of local government which also abolished the 300-year-old title of Alderman in the Republic of Ireland and 700-year-old title of 'town clerk' in Dublin, the name of Dublin Corporationwas abolished, with the 19th-century name Dublin City Council, which previously had been used simply to refer to the assembly of elected councillors, being given to the entire administration.
- Phoenix Park (Irish: Páirc an Fhionnuisce) is an urban park in Dublin, Ireland, lying 2–4 km west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey. Its 11 km perimeter wall encloses 707 hectares (1,750 acres); it is the largest enclosed public park within any European capital city. It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since the 17th century has been home to a herd of wild fallow deer. The English name comes from the Irish fionn uisce meaning "clear water".
- After the Normans conquered Dublin and its hinterland in the 12th century, Hugh Tyrrel, 1st Baron of Castleknock, granted a large area of land, including what now comprises the Phoenix Park, to the Knights Hospitaller. They established an abbey at Kilmainham on the site now occupied by Royal Hospital Kilmainham. The knights lost their lands in 1537 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII of England. Eighty years later the lands reverted to the ownership of the King's representatives in Ireland. On the restoration of Charles II of England, his Viceroy in Dublin, the Duke of Ormond, established a royal hunting park on the land in 1662. It contained pheasants and wild deer, making it necessary to enclose the entire area with a wall. The park originally included the demesne of Kilmainham Priory south of the River Liffey. When the building of the Royal Hospital at Kilmainham commenced in 1680 for the use of veterans of the Royal Irish Army, the park was reduced to its present size, all of which is now north of the river. It was opened to the people of Dublin by the Earl of Chesterfield in 1745.
The Galty Mountains or Galtees (Irish: Na Gaibhlte or Sléibhte na gCoillte) are a mountain range in Munster, located in Ireland's Golden Vale across Cork and parts of counties Tipperary and Limerick. The name "Galty" is thought to be a corruption of the Irish "Sléibhte na gCoillte" - "Mountains of the Forests" in English, however this Irish name has fallen out of use.The Galtees are Ireland's highest inland mountain range, taking the form of a high ridge which rises up almost sheer from the surrounding plain.
Galway (/ˈɡɔːlweɪ/; Irish: Gaillimh, pronounced [ˈɡalʲɪvʲ]) is a city in the West of Ireland in the province of Connacht. The city's name comes from the Irish name Gaillimhe, which formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, Dún Gaillimhe "Fort Gaillimh". (Mythical and alternative derivations of the name are given in History of Galway). Historically, the name was Anglicised as Galliv or Gallive, closer to the Irish pronunciation. The city's name in Latin is Galvia. The city also bears the nickname "City of the Tribes" (Irish: Cathair na dTreabh) because of the fourteen merchant families called the "tribes of Galway" who led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period. Residents of the city are referred to as Galwegians.
- On the west bank of the River Corrib as it enters the sea is the ancient neighbourhood of The Claddagh. For centuries it was an Irish-speaking enclave outside the city walls. Claddagh residents were mainly fisher folk and were governed by an elected 'King'. The King of the Claddagh settled or arbitrated disputes among the locals and had the privilege of a white sail on his fishing boat. The last true king, Martin Oliver, died in 1972. The title is still used but in a purely honorary and ceremonial context. The current King is Michael Lynskey. The area is also famous for its association with the Claddagh Ring.
- The patron saint of the city since the 14th century has been St Nicholas of Myra.
- Athenry (/æθənˈraɪ/; Irish: Baile Átha an Rí, meaning "Town of the Ford of the King")Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall, Athenry Castle, its priory and its 13th century Anglo-Norman street-plan.Its name derives from the ford ('Áth') crossing the river Clarin just east of the settlement. Though other inaccurate explanations are still given, it was called 'Áth na Ríogh' ('Ford of the Kings') because it was the home area of the Cenél nDéigill, kings of the Soghain, whose leading lineage were the Ó Mainnín. On some medieval maps of English origin the town is called Kingstown.
- Kinvara (Irish: Cinn Mhara, meaning "head of the sea"), also spelled Kinvarra lies at the head of Kinvara Bay, known in Irish as Cinn Mhara (or more recently Cuan Chinn Mhara), an inlet in the south-eastern corner of Galway Bay, from which the village took its name.Dunguaire Castle (Irish: Dún Guaire[lit, the Castle of Guaire]), a towerhouse of the Ó hEidhin(O'Hynes) clan, is located to the east of the village.
Kinvara is home every year to two festivals, Fleadh na gCuach ("the cuckoo festival") an Irish music festival at the start of May and the Cruinniú na mBád ("gathering of the boats") in mid August.
- Leenaun (Irish: An Líonán or Líonán Cinn Mhara, meaning "where the tide fills"), also Leenane, is a village and 1,845 acre townland in northern County Galway, Ireland, on the southern shore of Killary Harbour (one of only three fjords in Ireland), on the northern edge of Connemara.Within Maam Valley are some ancient woods, and across the fjord is Delphi (the valley of the Bundorragha River is sometimes called the Delphi Valley) in County Mayo, which has a postal address of "Leenane, Co. Galway," and which contains both a fishing lodge and a resort hotel and adventure sports centre. Both nearby, on the Erris River which runs into the fjord, and across at Delphi, with a river and two lakes, are active fisheries.Leenaun was the setting for the 1990 film The Field, and of Martin McDonagh's plays The Beauty Queen of Leenane and The Lonesome West.
- china/porcelain
- For over fifty years, fine bone china table and gift ware have been synonymous with Royal Tara Giftware in Galway, Ireland's City of the Tribes. A prosperous merchant town in the 16th century, when it was run by 14 successful merchant families, Galway is today a vibrant university city and is a very popular tourist destination on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. Royal Tara Giftware's philosophy has always been to offer the highest quality goods, and today, as the company evolves, this philosophy is continued and improved upon to keep these gifts of distinction to the forefront of the public's imagination.http://www.royal-tara.com/sitepage/AboutPage.html
- chinese
- irish chinese society galway http://www.icsgalway.org/
- *********"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?" is a popular song about a fictional village in Ireland, with themes of nostalgia and homesickness. It was introduced by Ella Logan in the original Broadway production of Finian's Rainbow. There is no actual Glocca Morra in Ireland (though there is a Glockamara).
愛奧那島 Iona (Scottish Gaelic: Ì Chaluim Chille, sometimes simply Ì) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It is mainly known for Iona Abbey, though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries[3] and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment.[6] It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill").
- En 593, Colomba venant d'Irlande arrive sur l'île d'Iona avec douze compagnons, dont Odran d'Iona, et fonde un monastère qu'il va vouloir transformer en lieu de diffusion et de propagation de la foi chrétienne parmi les Pictes et les Scots. Dès lors, l'île est le lieu des couronnements et des enterrements des rois scots. Le livre de Kells est un manuscrit enluminé, on croit qu'il a été écrit par les moines d'Iona peu avant l'an 800
- [futurelearn] By the latter half of the eighth century, Iona had become a place of pilgrimage for some of the greatest Irish leaders. These included Niall Frossach, king of the Cenél nEógain (a branch of the O’Neill family who ruled over much of north-west Ireland and claimed shared ancestry with Colum Cille) and Artgal, son of Cathal, king of Connaught (the west of Ireland), both of whom spent their last years there. The land at Kells was almost certainly gifted to the fleeing community of Iona in the early ninth century by the Cenél nEógain who owned much of the territory in the area. It seems likely therefore, that while the Book of Kells was the work of religious men, its creation was most likely enabled by the secular powers of the day.
- In 1938 George MacLeod founded the Iona Community, an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the Christian church committed to seeking new ways of living the Gospel of Jesus in today's world. This community is a leading force in the present Celtic Christian revival. The Iona Community runs 3 residential centres on the Isle of Iona and on Mull, where one can live together in community with people of every background from all over the world. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to the concerns of the Iona Community. The 8 tonne Fallen Christ sculpture by Ronald Rae was permanently situated outside the MacLeod Centre in February 2008.
- japan
- 1838年にフリーチャーチがここに教会を開き、初代牧師にドナルド・マクヴェインが就任した。その長男として生まれたのがコリン・アレクサンダー・マクヴェインで、明治政府の工部省で測量と建築営繕を指揮した。聖コルンバ・ホテルは、このマクヴェイン家族が暮らした旧牧師館である。
- Kells was founded as a monastic settlement by Saint Columba c. 550 on land that had been gifted to him by the King of Tara - Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Columba was exiled after the Battle of Cúl Dreimhne (AD 561). The Abbey of Kells was refounded in the early 9th century by monks from Iona. The high crosses were erected in the 9th/10th century and the round tower in the 10th century.The Annals of Tigernach state that in 1076 "Murchadh son of Flann Ó Maolseachlainn, was treacherously killed by Olaf son of Maelán, king of the Galenga, in the round tower of Kells, and straightway, through a miracle of St Columcill's, Olaf himself was killed by Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar." Olaf (note the Norse name) was king of Gailenga Brega, a kingdom located between the River Liffey and Santry. Murchadh was King of Mide for a time in 1073. Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar was himself later King of Mide, 1094–1105.Like most round towers, it has lost its cap, possibly due to lightning strikes.
kerry
- Mangertion
- 這是公元前二千四 百至二千年愛爾蘭基尼 曼 嘉 頓 （Mangertion, Kerry）的一件金器，名 為 「露勞拉」 （lunula） （拉丁文 「小月亮」 之 意）。那時期為愛爾蘭 的早期青銅器時代， 「小月亮」 文物現存於 英國倫敦大英博物館， 年前曾在香港展出。 凱里（Kerry）是愛爾蘭一個 郡級（省級）行政區，位於愛爾 蘭西南部，面積四千七百四十六 平方公里，人口十四萬五千多人 （二○一一年）。歷史上屬芒斯 特省，這是愛爾蘭歷史悠久的省 份之一，源自凱爾特女神的名 字。凱爾特神話主要源於鐵器時 代的宗教信仰。愛爾蘭在基督教 價值觀的架構下，保留了很多自 身的傳統，表現在藝術方面更獨 樹一幟。凱爾特人的種族背景複 雜，帶有混合性質，愛好詩歌和 手工藝品，很早已懂得金屬開 採、冶煉和加工技術，在文化上 是廣為吸納、多方採擷，被稱為 「藝術之人」 。。英倫諸島從青銅時 代起就出現精緻金器，而愛爾蘭 在青銅時代早期（約公元前二千 五百年起）就開始使用 金。從河裏撈得的沙金， 被熔鑄成金錠，再敲打成 薄片，把薄片切割成千形 萬狀，之後加工，便創造 出其時歐洲最高水平的黃 金製品。 「小月亮」 項圈 是這當中一個典型例子， 項圈上有以銳器刻畫出的 幾何紋飾，與同期的陶器 紋飾相類似。項圈兩個末端各有 一枚小薄片，把飾物戴在頸上， 扭轉兩枚薄片，相扣起來，項圈 便不易鬆脫。 有愛爾蘭考古學家認為， 「小月亮」 項圈標誌着一段大西 洋與西歐文化之間的聯繫，目前 只在愛爾蘭、威爾士、康沃爾、 蘇格蘭高地和法國西北部等地發 現過，共約一百件，其中八十多 件在愛爾蘭發現。該項圈不是從 墓地出土，所以應與喪葬無關。 沼澤在愛爾蘭的青銅時代可能被 視為聖地，而項圈被發現深埋在 沼澤內，估計有供奉給神靈之 意。金在史前時期已廣為人知和 受歡迎，早在公元前二千六百年 的埃及象形文字已有金的描述。 黃金的物理特性是便於加工，具 有高度延展性，一安士的黃金可 拉成幾十公里的長絲；也具有高 可鍛性，一安士的黃金可打製成 九點二九平方米的金箔；穩定性 也高，不易與其他物質發生化學 反應。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20210416/PDF/b6_screen.pdf
******County Mayo (Irish: Contae Mhaigh Eo, meaning "Plain of the yew trees") is a county in Ireland. In the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht, it is named after the village of Mayo, now generally known as Mayo Abbey. County Mayo has a long history and prehistory. At Belderrig on the north Mayo coast, there is evidence for Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) communities around 4500 cal. BC., while throughout the county there is a wealth of archaeological remains from the Neolithic (New Stone Age) period (ca. 4,000 BC to 2,500 BC), particularly in terms of megalithic tombs and ritual stone circles. The first people who came to Ireland – mainly to coastal areas as the interior was heavily forested – arrived during the Middle Stone Age, as long as eleven thousand years ago. Artefacts of hunter/gatherers are sometimes found in middens, rubbish pits around hearths where people would have rested and cooked over large open fires.
- Motto(s): Dia is Muire Linn (Irish) "God and Mary be with us"
羅斯康芒 Roscommon (Irish: Ros Comáin, meaning "Saint Coman's wood") is the largest and county town of County Roscommon in Ireland.The name Roscommon is derived from Coman mac Faelchon who built a monastery there in the 5th century. The woods near the monastery became known as Ros Comáin (St. Coman's Wood). This was later anglicised to Roscommon.Roscommon was the homeland of the Connachta dynasty, and included such kingdoms as Uí Maine, Delbhna Nuadat, Síol Muirdeach, and Moylurg. In addition, it contained areas known as Trícha cét's, Túathand is the homeland of surnames such as Ó Conchobhair (O'Conor, O'Connor), Mac Diarmada (McDermott), Ó Ceallaigh (Kelly), Ó Birn (Beirne, Byrne, Burns), Mac Donnchadha (McDonough) and Brennan (Mac Branáin and Ó Branáin).The town is the location of a notable archaeological find in 1945 when a lunula, a gold necklace, and two discs were discovered. Both items are dated to the period 2300 and 1800 BC.
Saul (from Irish Sabhall Phádraig, meaning 'Patrick's barn') is the name of a townland (of 488 acres) and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is claimed that when Saint Patrick arrived in Ireland in 432, strong currents swept his boat through the Strangford Lough tidal narrows and he landed where the Slaney River flows into the lough. The local chieftain, Dichu, was quickly converted and gave him a barn for holding services. Allegedly, Saint Patrick died in Saul on 17 March 461 and is buried in nearby Downpatrick. The modern "Saint Patrick's Memorial Church" is built on the reputed spot of this building and includes a replica round tower. To the east of the parish is Saint Patrick's Catholic Church.
- two other available wiki versions are gaelic and basque
Shannon (Irish: Sionainn) or Shannon Town (Baile na Sionnainne), named after the river near which it stands, is a town in County Clare, Ireland. It was given town status on 1 January 1982. Shannon is a new town. Spearheaded by Brendan O'Regan, it was built in the 1960s on reclaimed marshland alongside Shannon Airport, along with the Shannon Free Zone industrial estate. The residential areas were intended as a home for the thousands of workers at the airport, surrounding industries and support services. Population growth was never as fast as planned throughout the first few decades of the town's existence. This was partly due to the proximity of 'friendly' places to live, such as Ennis town and Limerick city, or even the nearby village of Newmarket-on-Fergus. The 'planned' nature of this town did not necessarily result in a successful town. It was lacking in facilities, and the town's shopping centre was also of poor design. Shops fronted onto pedestrian malls that were originally uncovered, allowing estuary winds and rain to strike at shoppers. The early low-cost housing (tower-block flats located in Drumgeely, near the airport) was poor-quality terraced housing. Shannon was located in the parish of Newmarket-on-Fergus in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe, and at first a priest in residence of the airport served the population. In 1966 St. Senan’s School was opened and Mary Immaculate Church was built on Corrib Drive. On 24 December 1967 the parish of Shannon was created. For a short period a group of Dominican Sisters of England had a community in the parish. In 1974 they were replaced by the Sisters of Mercy. The church of Saints John and Paul was opened in Tullyvarraga in 1980. Other churches are the Adoration Chapel in and the Shannon Airport Oratory. St. John’s Church of Ireland School was the first school established in Shannon in 1962. Christ Church Shannon opened in 1962, also serving members of the reformed faiths, but it is now closed. The Church of Ireland community is served by the Drumcliffe Union and the Methodist community is served by a lay pastor.
- Shannon Free Zone is a 2.43 square kilometres (600 acres), international business park adjacent to Shannon Airport, County Clare, Ireland which is 18 km from Ennisand 20 km from Limerick. Businesses based on the site enjoyed special tax incentives on staff and profits until 2003. This attracted a large number of multinationalcompanies. Currently there are over 100 international firms and 6,500 people employed at Shannon Free Zone in a diverse range of activities. Companies who have invested at Shannon include Avocent, DeBeers Industrial Diamonds (Now Element Six), Kraus & Naimer, GE Capital, Precision Castparts Corp., Genworth, Ingersoll Rand, Intel, John Crane, Lufthansa Technik, Mentor Graphics, Molex, Illinois Tool Works, RSA Security, Schwarz Pharma and Zimmer. The Free Zone was managed by Shannon Development, an Irish government agency. It was established in 1959, as the world's first Free Trade Zone. It is now managed by Shannon Commercial Properties, a commercial semi-state company and part of Shannon Group plc.
- china daily 31oct18 "inspiring the founding of shenzhen"
蒂珀雷里郡County Tipperary (Irish: Contae Thiobraid Árann) is a county in Ireland. It is located in the province of Munster. The county is named after the town of Tipperary, and was established in the early thirteenth century, shortly after the Norman invasion of Ireland. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was claimed as a lordship. By 1210, the sheriffdom of Munster shired into the shires of Tipperary and Limerick.[14] In 1328, Tipperary was granted to the Earls of Ormond as a county palatine or liberty. The grant excluded church lands such as the archiepiscopal see of Cashel, which formed the separate county of Cross Tipperary.[14] Though the Earls gained jurisdiction over the church lands in 1662, "Tipperary and Cross Tipperary" were not definitively united until the County Palatine of Tipperary Act 1715, when the 2nd Duke of Ormond was attainted for supporting the Jacobite rising of 1715.Tipperary is referred to as the "Premier County", a description attributed to Thomas Davis, Editor of The Nation newspaper in the 1840s as a tribute to the nationalistic feeling in Tipperary and said[citation needed] that "where Tipperary leads, Ireland follows". Tipperary was the subject of the famous song "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" written by Jack Judge, whose grandparents came from the county. It was popular with regiments of the British Armyduring World War I. The song "Slievenamon", which is traditionally associated with the county, was written by Charles Kickham from Mullinahone, and is commonly sung at sporting fixtures involving the county.
-Slievenamon or Slievenaman (Irish: Sliabh na mBan, [ˈʃlʲiəw n̪ˠə ˈmˠanˠ], "mountain of the women")[1] is a mountain with a height of 721 metres (2,365 ft) in County Tipperary, Ireland. It rises from a plain that includes the towns of Fethard, Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir. The mountain is steeped in folklore and is associated with Fionn mac Cumhaill. On its summit are the remains of ancient burial cairns, which were seen as portals to the Otherworld. Much of its lower slopes are wooded, and formerly most of the mountain was covered in woodland.[2]A low hill attached to Slievenamon, Carrigmaclear, was the site of a battle during the Irish Rebellion of 1798.The song Slievenamon, written in the mid 19th century by revolutionary and poet Charles Kickham, is a well-known patriotic and romantic song about an exile who longs to see "our flag unrolled and my true love to unfold / in the valley near Slievenamon". It is regarded as the unofficial "county anthem" of County Tipperary, regularly sung by crowds at sporting events.Upon creation of the Irish Free State, the name Slievenamon was unofficially given to one of the 13 armoured Rolls Royce motor cars which were handed over to the new Free State army by the outgoing administration. Slievenamon was escorting the army's commander-in-chief, Michael Collins, when he was ambushed and killed near Béal na Bláth. The car, since renamed to the Irish Sliabh na mBan, has been preserved by the Irish Defence Forces.
Warrenpoint is a small port town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It sits at the head of Carlingford Lough, south of Newry, and is separated from the Republic of Ireland by a narrow strait. The town is beside the village of Rostrevor and is overlooked by the Mournes and Cooley Mountains. Warrenpoint sprang up within the townland of Ringmackilroy (from Irish Rinn Mhic Giolla Ruaidh, meaning 'McIlroy's point'), and is locally nicknamed "The Point". Warrenpoint is known for its scenic location, the Maiden of Mourne festival, the Blues on the Bay music festival, the passenger ferry service between Warrenpoint and Omeath and the nearby Narrow Water Castle. Warrenpoint Port is second in terms of tonnage handled by ports in Northern Ireland.
ulster
- The Flight of the Earls (Irish: Imeacht na nIarlaí) took place on 4 September 1607, when Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Rory O'Donnell, 1st earl of Tyrconnell, and about ninety followers left Ulster in Ireland for mainland Europe.The earls left from the town of Rathmullan with some of the leading Gaelic families in Ulster; they traveled down Lough Swilly on a French ship. Their departure was the end of the old Gaelic order, in the sense that the earls were descended from Gaelic clan dynasties that had ruled their parts of Ulster for centuries. The Flight of the Earls was a watershed in Irish history, as the ancient Gaelic aristocracy of Ulster went into permanent exile. Despite their attachment to and importance in the Gaelic system, the Earls' ancestors had accepted their Earldoms from the English-run Kingdom of Ireland in the 1540s, under the policy of surrender and regrant. Some historians argue that their flight was forced upon them by the fallout from the Tudor conquest of Ireland, others that it was a strategic mistake that cleared the way for the Plantation of Ulster.
- The Plantation of Ulster (Irish: Plandáil Uladh; Ulster-Scots: Plantin o Ulstèr) was the organised colonisation (plantation) of Ulster – a province of Ireland – by people from Great Britain during the reign of King James I. Most of the colonists came from Scotland and England. Small private plantation by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while the official plantation began in 1609. Most of the land colonised was forfeited from the native Gaelic chiefs, many of whom had fled Ireland for mainland Europe in 1607 following the Nine Years' War against English rule in Ireland. The official plantation comprised an estimated half a million acres(2,000 km²) of arable land in counties Armagh, Cavan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Tyrconnell and Londonderry. Land in counties Antrim, Down and Monaghan was privately colonised with the king's support. Among those involved in planning and overseeing the plantation were King James I, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Arthur Chichester, and the Attorney-General for Ireland, John Davies. They saw the plantation as a means of controlling, anglicising and "civilising" Ulster. The province was almost wholly Gaelic, Catholic and rural, and had been the region most resistant to English control. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. The colonists (or "British tenants") were required to be English-speaking, Protestant, and loyal to the king. Some of the undertakers and colonists however were Catholic and it has been suggested that a significant number of the Scots spoke Gaelic. The Scottish colonists were mostly Presbyterian and the English mostly members of the Church of England. The Plantation of Ulster was the biggest of the Plantations of Ireland. It led to the founding of many of Ulster's towns and created a lasting Ulster Protestant community in the province with ties to Britain. It also resulted in many of the native Irish losing their land and led to ethnic and sectarian conflict, notably in the Irish rebellion of 1641.
Association
- institute for international integration studies https://www.tcd.ie/iiis/
- political party
- The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party or the Home Rule Confederation, was a political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Home Rule League grew out of the Home Government Association, a pressure group formed in 1870 and led by Isaac Butt, a Dublin barrister who had once been a leading Irish Tory before becoming a convert to Irish nationalism. On 18–21 November 1873, the loose association re-constituted itself as a full political party, the Home Rule League, and in the 1874 general election, many of whom were from an Irish aristocratic or gentry Church of Ireland background, some newly dedicated former Irish Liberal Party members, such as Sir John Gray MP, and other more radical members who gathered around Cavan MP Joseph Biggar and Meath MP Charles Stewart Parnell. This radical wing of the party launched parliamentary filibusters to obstruct the passage of Parliamentary business, to the embarrassment of Butt and frustration of successive British governments.
- trade union
- irish congress of trade union http://www.ictu.ie/
- Conradh na Gaeilge (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkɔn̪ˠɾˠə nə ˈɡeːlʲɟə]; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it emerged as the successor of several 19th century groups such as the Gaelic Union. The organisation would be the spearhead of the Gaelic revival and Gaeilgeoiractivism. Originally the organisation intended to be apolitical, but many of its participants became involved in Irish nationalism.
- Independent News & Media plc (INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland publishing national daily newspapers, Sunday newspapers, 13 regional newspapers and operating multiple websites including Independent.ie. INM operates in the Ireland and Northern Ireland. Its titles include the highest circulation daily and Sunday papers in Ireland. The INM group of companies was dominated by Tony O'Reilly and his family between 1973 and 2012. Thereafter Denis O'Brien was the largest shareolder in Independent News & Media. Mediahuis are now the largest shareholder in the group. According to The Guardian, it has "long been at the centre of controversy, due to the journalistic output of its main titles - the Irish Independent (the Indo) and the Sunday Independent (the Sindo)."
- Businessmen Denis O’Brien and Dermot Desmond have sold most of their combined 45 per cent stake in Independent News & Media (INM) to a Belgian company that declared on Tuesday it had agreed to take over the media company. Following the deal, Mediahuis, which owns newspapers in Belgium and the Netherlands, has a 27 per cent stake in INM that would effectively block any rival bidder mounting a similar takeover offer .https://www.irishtimes.com/business/media-and-marketing/o-brien-and-desmond-sell-most-of-inm-shares-to-belgian-suitor-mediahuis-1.3876014
- irish whiskey association
Company
- bank
- Allied Irish Banks Limited was formed in 1966 as a new company that acquired three Irish banks: Provincial Bank of Ireland, the Royal Bank of Ireland, and the Munster & Leinster Bank. The banks saw an alliance as the best way to overcome the fragmented nature of the Irish banking industry. Ireland in the mid-1960s was changing fast and the merger strengthened the banks’ position in the emerging global business era. Allied Irish Banks (AIB) is one of the so-called "Big Four" commercial banks in Ireland. AIB offers a full range of personal and corporate banking services. AIB Capital Markets is the division of the company that offers international banking and treasury operations. The bank also offers a range of general insurance products such as home, travel, and health insurance. It offers life assurance and pensions through its wholly owned subsidiary, Ark Life Assurance. In December 2010 the Irish government took a majority stake in the bank, which has since grown to 99.8%. AIB's shares were formerly traded on the Irish Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange, but its shares were delisted from these exchanges following its effective nationalisation. The remaining publicly traded shares of AIB are now listed on the Enterprise Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange.AIB also owns Allied Irish Bank (GB) in Great Britain and First Trust Bank in Northern Ireland. In November 2010, it sold its 22.5% stake in M&T Bank in the United States. At the beginning of 2008 AIB entered the Latvian, Estonian and Lithuanian markets by acquiring AmCredit mortgage finance business from the Baltic – American Enterprise Fund. In 2009, Allied Irish Banks along with its competitor Bank of Ireland accepted a 3.5 billion euro bailout from the government of the Republic of Ireland as a part of the Bank Recapitalisation Scheme. By March 2011 the total sum of required bailout was expected to climb up to 13.3 billion euro.
- CurrencyFair is an online peer-to-peer currency exchange marketplace. CurrencyFair is headquartered in Ireland also with employees in UK, Australia and Poland. The company also has an office in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. CurrencyFair provides international transfers in 18 global currencies. CurrencyFair was established in April 2009 by co-founders Brett Meyers, Jonathan Potter, Sean Barrett and David Christian.
- immigration
- https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/currencyfair-secures-new-backers-for-20m-growth-plan-37193736.html Currency transfer business CurrencyFair is plotting an assault on the Asian market after buying Hong Kong business Convoy Payments as part of a €20m investment plan.The vast bulk of the plan is being bankrolled by four investors, three of which are new backers.Hong Kong-listed Convoy Global, the previous owner of Convoy Payments, is coming on board as a backer, as are Harbert European Growth Capital and Seligman private equity select.Previous backer Octopus Ventures is also contributing to the plan.
- 愛爾蘭顧問公司「Bartra Wealth Advisors」專門為富裕亞洲人辦理投資移民事宜，申請人在愛爾蘭投資一百萬歐元（約八百六十一萬港元）後，就合乎辦理當地居留權的資格。Bartra的亞洲總監哈茨霍恩（James Hartshorn）指，在香港局勢動盪之前，企業只處理過兩至三名港人申請。他稱︰「示威開始後，港人的移民意欲大增，並檢視遷移的地點。」哈茨霍恩預料，如示威持續及變更暴力，港人移居的趨勢只會有增無減。Bartra自前年以來，成功處理超過二百個投資移民申請，而當中約70%申請人是來自中國大陸。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20191007/00176_027.html
- Fyffes (www.fyffes.com), engages in production, procurement, shipping, ripening, distribution and marketing of bananas, pineapples and melons.
- Kerry Group, diary products producer
- Glanbia, manufactures nutrition and dairy products
- http://www.errigalseafood.com/en/, exhibitor at Seafood expo 2014
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/df1f9732-aa2e-11e4-9fa7-00144feab7de.html CRH, the Irish cement company, has made its biggest acquisition to date, reaching a deal to acquire €6.5bn in assets being sold by larger rivals Lafarge and Holcim in order to win regulatory approval for their $40bn merger. The deal will allow CRH to significantly expand its business globally. It will acquire production facilities in the Philippines, Canada, Brazil and several countries in Europe.
- Dragon Oil (Dublin listed, with production assets off turkmenistan (source FT 18mar15 page 16))
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-09/26/content_21987980.htm Two Chinese suitors have expressed interest in buying Dublin-based AWASAviation Capital Ltd, which is to be sold by 75 percent stakeholder Terra FirmaCapital Partners, people familiar with the matter said. The auction for AWAS could generate more than $5 billion, they said. ICBC Financial Leasing Co and Aviation Industry Corp of China are exploring atakeover of AWAS, they said, asking not to be identified as the discussions are stillprivate. Terra Firma is working with Deutsche Bank AG and Goldman Sachs Group Inc tosell AWAS, they said. AWAS would be a good pick for any Chinese company as domestic aviation isprojected to overtake the United States as the world's largest market. And given theyuan's recent depreciation against the US dollar, AWAS is a tempting target forChinese companies that are seeking to invest outside of the country, they said. AWAS has more than 250 commercial planes under its portfolio, with more than100 airline customers in 49 countries, according to its website. ICBC Financial Leasing is China's biggest aircraft lessor, while the finance unit ofState-owned AVIC said in 2011 it was interested in acquiring foreign leasingcompanies to expand.
- Avolon is an aircraft leasing company based in Ireland. It was founded in May 2010 by Domhnal Slattery, and a team from RBS Aviation Capital including John Higgins, Dick Forsberg, Tom Ashe, Andy Cronin, Pat Hannigan, Simon Hanson and Ed Riley with initial capital of US$1.4 billion.
- The Smurfit Kappa Group is Europe's leading corrugated packaging company and one of the leading paper-based packaging companies in the world. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
- hotel
- doyle collection
- Hostelworld Group Plc operates an online hostel-booking platform worldwide. The company provides software and data processing services that facilitate hostel, B&B, hotel, and other accommodation bookings. It operates through its Hostelworld flagship brand, as well as under the Hostelbookers and Hostels.com brands. Hostelworld Group Plc was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=314791937
- job search
- jobbio.com
- Goodbody Stockbrokers is Ireland's longest established stockbroking firm with roots dating back to 1877.
- real estate agency
- https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/china-firm-seals-150m-goodbody-buyout-37172989.html Goodbody Stockbrokers has concluded a deal to sell the business to Chinese Government-backed suitor Zhong Ze Culture Investment Holdings. The deal is understood to be worth in the region of €150m. The transaction, which is subject to regulatory approval, is expected to close by the end of the year. The Chinese buyers will take complete ownership of Goodbody from current 51pc owner, Fexco, and Goodbody staff and management who own the balance of the business.
-newspaper
- The Freeman's Journal, which was published continuously in Dublin from 1763 to 1924, was in the nineteenth century Ireland's leading nationalist newspaper.It was founded in 1763 by Charles Lucas and was identified with radical 18th-century Protestant patriot politicians Henry Grattan and Henry Flood. This changed from 1784 when it passed to Francis Higgins (better known as the "Sham Squire")[2][3] and took a more pro-British and pro-administration view. In fact Francis Higgins is mentioned in the Secret Service Money Book as having betrayed Lord Edward FitzGerald. In the 19th century it became more nationalist in tone, particularly under the control and inspiration of Sir John Gray (1815–75).The Freeman's Journal ceased publication in 1924, when it was merged with the Irish Independent. Until the 1990s, the Irish Independent included the words 'Incorporating the Freeman's Journal' in its mast-head over its editorials.
university
- Dublin Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as DIT) (Irish: Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Atha Cliath) is the largest constituent institute of Technological University Dublin, Ireland.Established in its present form by legislation in 1992. The first of DIT's predecessor colleges, the City of Dublin Technical Schools was founded in 1887 by Arnold Felix Graves. In 1975 the University of Dublin entered into an agreement whereby it conferred academic degrees at the colleges that formed Dublin Institute of Technology; this allowed these graduates a vote in the University of Dublin constituency for Seanad Éireann representatives. This continued until 1998, when Dublin Institute of Technology was granted its own autonomous degree-awarding powers under the Dublin Institute of Technology Act 1992
People
- Brian Boru (Old Irish: Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig; Middle Irish: Brian Bóruma; modern Irish: Brian Bóramha; c. 941 – 23 April 1014), was an Irish king who ended the domination of the High Kingship of Ireland by the Uí Néill. Bestowed the title of "Imperator Scottorum" or "Emperor of the Gaels", he built on the achievements of his father, Cennétig mac Lorcain, and especially his elder brother, Mathgamain, Brian first made himself King of Munster, then subjugated Leinster, eventually becoming High King of Ireland. He was the founder of the O'Brien dynasty, and is widely regarded as one of the most successful and unifying monarchs in medieval Ireland. With a population of under 500,000 people, Ireland had over 150 kings, with greater or lesser domains. The Uí Néill king Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, abandoned by his northern kinsmen of the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill, acknowledged Brian as High King at Athlone in 1002. In the decade that followed, Brian campaigned against the northern Uí Néill, who refused to accept his claims, against Leinster, where resistance was frequent, and against the Norse-Gaelic Kingdom of Dublin. Brian's hard-won authority was seriously challenged in 1013 when his ally Máel Sechnaill was attacked by the Cenél nEógain king Flaithbertach Ua Néill, with the Ulstermen as his allies. This was followed by further attacks on Máel Sechnaill by the Dubliners under their king Sihtric Silkbeard and the Leinstermen led by Máel Mórda mac Murchada. Brian campaigned against these enemies in 1013. In 1014, Brian's armies confronted the armies of Leinster and Dublin. The resulting Battle of Clontarf saw Brian killed, his army nonetheless victorious against the Leinstermen and Norsemen. The battle is widely lauded as an instrumental moment in Irish history, and is well known in popular memory. 布赖恩·博鲁一生都在四处征战，978年统一芒斯特全境，成为芒斯特国王。1002年推翻马拉基二世，自立为爱尔兰至尊王。1014年在与丹麦人的决战中被杀，但这场决战也使爱尔兰摆脱丹麦人的奴役。 Brian was well regarded by contemporary chroniclers. The Norse-Gaels and Scandinavians also produced works mentioning Brian, including Njal's Saga, the Orkneyinga Saga, and the now-lost Brian's Saga. Brian's war against Máel Mórda and Sihtric was to be inextricably connected with his complicated marital relations, in particular his marriage to Gormlaith, Máel Mórda's sister and Sihtric's mother, who had been in turn the wife of Amlaíb Cuarán, king of Dublin and York, then of Máel Sechnaill, and finally of Brian.
- He was one of the 12 sons of Cennétig mac Lorcáin (d. 951), king of Dál gCais and king of Tuadmumu (Thomond), modern County Clare, then a sub-kingdom in the north of Munster. Cennétig was described as rígdamna Caisil, meaning that he was either heir or candidate ("king material") to the kingship of Cashel or Munster,[3] although this might be a later interpolation. Brian's mother was Bé Binn inion Urchadh, daughter of Urchadh mac Murchadh (d. 945), king of Maigh Seóla in west Connacht. That they belonged to the Uí Briúin Seóla may explain why he received the name Brian, which was rare among the Dál gCais.
- Brian's family were descended from the Ui Tairdelbach branch of the Dal gCais (or Deis Tuisceart). This branch had recently taken power from the more powerful Ui Óengusso branch which had traditionally supplied the Kings of the Dal gCais. This power shift occurred after the death of Ui Óengusso King Rebechan Mac Mothla who died as King of the Dal gCais in 934. The sons of Brian's grandfather Lorcan seized the opportunity and took power from the rival branch, with Brian's father Cennétig being the most successful of these. His father was the first King of the Dal gCais to lead an army beyond his own territory and lead an expedition as far north as Athlone. By his death in 951 had been acknowledged as "King of Tuadmumu". His brother Mathgamain built on these achievements and was the first to capture Cashel and become King of Munster. Brian was born at Kincora, Killaloe, a town in the region of Tuadmumu.[3] Brian's posthumous cognomen "Bóruma" (anglicised as Boru) may have referred to "Béal Bóruma", a fort north of Killaloe, where the Dál gCais held sway. Another explanation, though possibly a late (re-)interpretation, is that the nickname represented Old Irish bóruma "of the cattle tribute", referring to his capacity as a powerful overlord.
- His name is remembered in the title of one of the oldest tunes in Ireland's traditional repertoire: "Brian Boru's March". It is still widely played by traditional Irish musicians.
- Daniel O'Connell (Irish: Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), often referred to as The Liberator or The Emancipator, was an Irish political leader in the first half of the 19th century. He campaigned for Catholic emancipation—including the right for Catholics to sit in the Westminster Parliament, denied for over 100 years—and repeal of the Acts of Union which combined Great Britain and Ireland. Throughout his career in Irish politics, O'Connell was able to gain a large following among the Irish masses in support of him and his Catholic Association. O'Connell's main strategy was one of political reformism, working within the parliamentary structures of the British state in Ireland and forming an alliance of convenience with the Whigs. More radical elements broke with O'Connell to found the Young Ireland movement.
- O'Connell assisted his younger son, Daniel junior, to acquire the Phoenix Brewery in James's Street, Dublin in 1831. The brewery produced a brand known as "O'Connell's Ale" and enjoyed some popularity. By 1832, O'Connell was forced to state that he would not be a political patron of the brewing trade or his son's company, until he was no longer a member of parliament, particularly because O'Connell and Arthur Guinness were political enemies. Guinness was the "moderate" liberal candidate, O'Connell was the "radical" liberal candidate. The rivalry caused dozens of Irish firms to boycott Guinness during the 1841 Repeal election. It was at this time that Guinness was accused of supporting the "Orange system", and its beer was known as "Protestant porter". When the O'Connell family left brewing, the rights to "O'Connell Dublin Ale" was sold to John D'Arcy. The brewing business proved to be unsuccessful though, and after a few years was taken over by the manager, John Brennan, while Daniel junior embraced a political career. Brennan changed the name back to the Phoenix Brewery but continued to brew and sell O'Connell's Ale. When the Phoenix Brewery was effectively closed after being absorbed into the Guinness complex in 1909, the brewing of O'Connell's Ale was carried out by John D'Arcy and Son Ltd at the Anchor Brewery in Usher Street. In 1926, D'Arcy's ceased trading and the firm of Watkins, Jameson and Pim carried on the brewing until they too succumbed to the pressures of trying to compete with Guinness.
- In April 1835, misled by inaccurate press reports, O'Connell thought Disraeli had slandered him and launched an outspoken attack upon him "His name shows that he is of Jewish origin. I do not use it as a term of reproach; there are many most respectable Jews. But there are, as in every other people, some of the lowest and most disgusting grade of moral turpitude; and of those I look upon Mr. Disraeli as the worst. He has just the qualities of the impenitent thief on the Cross, and I verily believe, if Mr. Disraeli's family herald were to be examined and his genealogy traced, the same personage would be discovered to be the heir at law of the exalted individual to whom I allude. I forgive Mr. Disraeli now, and as the lineal descendant of the blasphemous robber, who ended his career beside the Founder of the Christian Faith, I leave the gentleman to the enjoyment of his infamous distinction and family honours." Disraeli sought satisfaction by challenging O'Connell's son Morgan to a duel, Daniel having sworn never to duel again after previously killing a man. Morgan declined replying he was not responsible for his father's words.
- *******During the course of that campaign though, he had made a notable enemy in Daniel O’Connell, who had been taken in by false press reports saying that Disraeli had insulted him and launched a blistering verbal attack of his own. This began a colossal rivalry, and was the source of Disraeli’s famous jibe that while O’Connell’s ancestors were “savages on an unknown island” his own were priests in the temple of Solomon. Now, two years on and with Disraeli an MP, that rivalry had not abated. Thus, when Disraeli took the floor to give his first speech to Parliament, he first attacked O’Connell, who had given a speech before him. This caused him to get booed by O’Connell’s supporters, and other MPs joined in, unimpressed by his dress sense and his books. Ultimately, the shouting got too intense for Disraeli to continue, but before he conceded defeat and sat down he made one more remark:“The time will come when you will hear me”.https://www.quora.com/What-famous-line-from-historical-speeches-was-made-up-on-the-spot
- Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served from 1875 as Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and whose party held the balance of power in the House of Commons during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1890. Born into a powerful Anglo-Irish Protestantlandowning family, he was a land reform agitator, founder in 1879 of the Irish National Land League. He became leader of the Home Rule League, operating independently of the Liberals, winning great influence by his balancing of constitutional, radical, and economic issues, and by his skillful use of parliamentary procedure. He was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol in 1882 but released when he renounced violent extra-Parliamentary action. The same year, he reformed the Home Rule League as the Irish Parliamentary Party, which he controlled minutely as Britain's first disciplined democratic party. The hung parliament of 1885 saw him hold the balance of power between William Gladstone's Liberals and Lord Salisbury's Conservatives. His power was one factor in Gladstone's adoption of Home Rule as the central tenet of the Liberal Party. His reputation peaked in 1889–90 when letters published in The Times linking him to the Phoenix Park killings of 1882 were shown to have been forged by Richard Pigott. However, the Irish Parliamentary Party split in 1890 after the revelation of Parnell's long adulterous love affair, causing many English Liberals (many of them nonconformists) to refuse to work with him, and strong opposition from Catholic bishops. He headed a small minority faction until his death in 1891.
- Douglas Ross Hyde (Irish: Dubhghlas de hÍde; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. "The Pleasant Little Branch"), was an Irish academic, linguist, and scholar of the Irish language (Gaeilge) who served as the 1st President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival, and first president of the Gaelic League, one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time.
- Grandson now ceo of hyde distillery (or hibernia)
- Patrick "Paddy" Heeney (19 October 1881 – 13 June 1911), sometimes spelt Heaney, was an Irish composer whose most famous work is the music to the Irish national anthem "Amhrán na bhFiann" (English: "The Soldier's Song").Heeney was born at 101 Lower Mecklenburgh Street (now Railway Street) in Dublin. He was the son of a local grocer and attended St. Patrick’s National School at 13 Mecklenburgh Street. He was a member of the Col. John O’Mahoney Hurling Club. A 1975 memoir of Peadar Kearney states Heeney initially worked for the postal service before taking employment as a bagman at Hickey's Drapers in North Earl Street.Heeney was unable to write music, but had a knowledge of tonic solfa and usually composed by trying out melodies on his melodeon.
- Peter Denis Sutherland (25 April 1946 – 7 January 2018) was an Irish international businessman and former Attorney General of Ireland, associated with the Fine Gael party. He was a barrister by profession and was a Senior Counsel of the Irish Bar. He was known for serving in a variety of international organisations, political and business roles. Sutherland was the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration until March 2017. Appointed in January 2006, he was responsible for the creation of the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD). He served as President of the International Catholic Migration Commission, as well as member of the Migration Advisory Board of the International Organisation for Migration. Sutherland has previously served as Attorney General of Ireland (1981–84), European Commissioner responsible for Competition Policy (1985–89); Founding Director-General of The World Trade Organisation, formerly GATT (1993–95), and former Chairman of Goldman Sachs International (1995–2015). He has received numerous awards including European Person of the Year Award (1988).
- Of Irish nationality, Sutherland was born in Dublin in 1946 and was educated at Gonzaga College, Ranelagh, Dublin. He is of partial Scottish ancestry. He graduated in Civil Law at University College Dublin and practiced at the Irish Bar between 1969 and 1980. He married his wife, Maruja Sutherland, a Spaniard, in 1974.
- The Uruguay round of global trade talks, concluded in December 1993 with Sutherland as chair of GATT, produced a "comprehensive, rules-based and global trade regime" which was the biggest trade agreement in history and established the World Trade Organisation. His integral role in the successful conclusion of these negotiations has been cited as "indispensable". Chairing the Uruguay Round, Sutherland "employed tactics the likes of which had never been seen before in GATT…he worked to create the sense of unstoppable momentum" by mobilising the press and media and instigating "a more aggressive public relations than the staid GATT had ever before seen".
- Peter Barry (10 August 1928 – 26 August 2016) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and businessman from Cork city. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1997, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987 he helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Agreement. In 1987 he served for a short time as Tánaiste (deputy prime minister).
- Denis O'Brien (born 19 April 1958) is an Irish businessman and the founder and owner of Digicel and Communicorp. He was listed among the World's Top 200 Billionaires in 2015 and is also Ireland's richest native-born citizen. His business interests also extend to aircraft leasing (Aergo Capital), utilities support (Actavo), petroleum (Topaz Energy, until 2016), and football (soccer), being a minority shareholder of Celtic F.C.. O'Brien was implicated by the Moriarty Tribunal as having improperly influenced the decision to award a mobile phone license to the Esat Digifone consortium, which he chaired. O'Brien was born in the city of Cork and grew up in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin. His father was a salesman for a veterinary pharmaceutical company, and he often accompanied his father on business trips, where he learned how to "sell and to present". He attended The High School in Rathgar, and although he was suspended for disciplinary problems, his talent for rugby was such that he was asked to return so that he could participate in a championship for the school. He studied politics, history and logic at University College Dublin, graduating in 1977. After winning a scholarship from Boston College while attending UCD, he completed an MBA in corporate finance there in 1982. Upon his return to Dublin, he was employed as an assistant manager in a local bank, but left that job and became a personal assistant to Tony Ryan, owner of an aircraft leasing company.
- Arthur St. John Ryan (July 1935[1] – 8 July 2019) was an Irish businessman who was the founder, chairman, and chief executive of Primark. The company Primark trades under the name of Penneys in the Republic of Ireland.Arthur Ryan was born the son of a Cork-born insurance clerk in 1935, and went to the Synge Street CBS in Dublin after moving to the city with his family. After emigrating to London, he entered the genteel world of gentlemen's tailoring as a tie buyer at Swan & Edgar. He also worked for London fashion wholesaler Carr & McDonald. From there, he returned to Dublin and a job at Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt.
- ft obit 13jul19
- of indian origin
- Leo Varadkar (Irish pronunciation: [ˈlʲoː ˈvˠaɾˠəd̪ˠkəɾˠ]; born 18 January 1979) is an Irish Fine Gael politician. Following the retirement of Enda Kenny, he was elected as Leader of the Fine Gael Party on 2 June 2017. It is expected that he will be appointed as Taoiseach later in June following the approval of Dáil Éireann. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin West constituency since 2007. He held the ministries of Transport, Tourism and Sport from 2011 to 2014, Health from 2014 to 2016, and Social Protection since 2016. Varadkar was born in Dublin and studied Medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. He spent several years as a junior doctor before qualifying as a general practitioner in 2010. In 2004 he was co-opted onto Fingal County Council and served as deputy mayor before his election to Dáil Éireann. He was promoted to the Front Bench by Enda Kenny as Spokesperson on Enterprise, Trade and Employment, remaining in this position until a 2010 reshuffle when he became Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. During the 2015 Irish Marriage referendum he became the first openly gay Irish government minister.
- Atkinson of Cangort http://landedfamilies.blogspot.hk/2016/10/235-atkinson-of-cangort-and-ashley-park.html
- Born on 18 January 1979 in the Rotunda Hospital in Parnell Square, Dublin, Varadkar is the only son of Ashok and Miriam Varadkar. His father was born in Mumbai, India and moved to England in the 1960s to work as a doctor. His mother, born in Dungarvan, met her future husband while working as a nurse in Slough. They lived together in Leicester, where the eldest of their three children, Sophie, was born. The family moved to India, before settling in Dublin in 1973, where their second child, Sonia, was born. Born to a Hindu father and Catholic mother, his parents agreed to raise him in the Catholic faith.
- George atkinson
- According to 中信auction, he involved in international trade with china, indonesia, thailand, japan, etc; he had lived in china and hk, importing tea leaves and silk. A chinese reading room was built into his ashley park estate.
- from uk
- General Charles Vallancey FRS (6 April 1731 – 8 August 1812) was a British military surveyor sent to Ireland. He remained there and became an authority on Irish antiquities. Some of his theories would be rejected today, but his drawings, for example, were pain-stakingly accurate compared to existent artefacts. Other drawings, such as his diagram of the banquet hall at Tara, and the lost crown of the High King of Ireland, are unverifiable, as the manuscripts and material he used, no longer exist.He was born Charles Vallancé in Westminster in 1731 to parents Francis Vallancé and Mary Preston (daughter of Thomas Preston). Vallancey came to Ireland before 1770 to assist in a military survey of the island, and made the country his adopted home. His attention was strongly drawn towards the history, philology, and antiquities of Ireland at a time when they were almost entirely ignored, and he published the following, among other works: Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis, 6 vols., between 1770 and 1804; Essay on the Irish Language, 1772; Grammar of the Irish Language, 1773; Vindication of the Antient Kingdom of Ireland, 1786; Antient History of Ireland proved from the Sanscrit Books, 1797; Prospectus of a Dictionary of the Aire Coti or Antient Irish, 1802. He was a member of many learned societies, was created an honorary LL.D., and became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1784. During the Insurrection of 1798 he furnished the Government with plans for the defence of Dublin. Queen's-bridge, Dublin, was built from his designs. He died 8 August 1812, aged 91. He at one stage possessed The Great Book of Lecan which he passed on to the Royal Irish Academy
- Baron Oranmore and Browne, of Carrabrowne Castle in the County of Galway and of Castle Macgarrett in the County of Mayo, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1836 for Dominick Browne, who had earlier represented County Mayo in the House of Commons. His son, the second Baron, sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1869 to 1900. Lord Oranmore and Browne assumed the surname of Guthrie on his marriage in 1859 to Christina Guthrie. He was succeeded by his son, the third Baron. He was an Irish Representative Peer from 1902 to 1926 and a member of the short-lived Senate of Southern Ireland. In 1926 he was created Baron Mereworth, of Mereworth Castle in the County of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This title gave the barons an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. On his death in 1927 the title passed to his son, the fourth Baron. He married, as his third wife, the actress Sally Gray. Lord Oranmore and Browne died in August 2002, aged 100 years and 291 days. He was thereby the third-oldest hereditary peer ever. As of 2014 the titles are held by his son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2002. In May 2011, Mereworth went to court to attempt to force the House of Lords to issue him a Writ of Summons allowing him to sit and vote in the House by virtue of the Letters Patent issued in the creation of the barony. The case (Baron Mereworth v Ministry of Justice) was dismissed on the grounds that the High Court did not have jurisdiction on how the House of Lords conducted its business. Furthermore, even if the court did have jurisdiction, the House of Lords act of 1999 clearly withdrew the right of holders of Letters Patent to be issued a Writ of Summons purely "by virtue" of those Letters. Mereworth was also ordered to pay £8,800 in costs. This case was referenced as precedent in the official rebuttal of a claim by Viscount Monckton that he was entitled to claim membership of the House of Lords.
- [sotheby's] gareth browne (father - fourth lord oranmore and browne, was the longest serving member of house of lords; married to oonagh guinness (siblings aileen and maureen(later the marchioness of dufferin and ava)) in 1936; oonagh living almost full time in antibes) founded claddagh records and sponsored the chieftains. In the early 1980s he married an exotic, dark-haired beauty, princess purna, whose father, the maharaja of morvi, once ruled over the small princely state north of bombay. Lucian freud (grandson of sigmund freud) was once married to browne's cousin, lady caroline blackwood
clans
- The Ó Duibhgeannáin (Irish pronunciation: [oː ˈd̪ɪvʲɡʲanɑːnʲ]) clan were a family of professional historians in medieval and early modern Ireland. They originated in the kingdom of Annaly (formerly called Tethbae) on the east bank of the Shannon (mostly situated in what is now County Longford) and later migrated into Connacht. Writing in 1921 the Irish historian, Fr. Paul Walsh stated that "The celebrated Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh ... informs us that the O Duigenans followed the profession of historiographers under the families of Clann Mhaiolruanaidh and Conmhaicne in Magh Rein, that is, with the Mac Dermotts and the MacDonoughs in the west, and with the O Farrells in the territory of Annaly." The earliest known reference to a bearer of the surname dates to 1296, when, according to the Annals of the Four Masters "Maelpeter O'Duigennan, Archdeacon of Breifny, from Drumcliff to Kells, died." Less than thirty years later in the year 1323 (according to the same source) – "Gillapatrick O'Duigennan, Chief Historian of Conmaicne, and Lucas, his son, were slain by Conor, the son of Garvey Maguire." The family themselves can be traced back with confidence several centuries further, ultimately to Maine of Tethba, an alleged son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. While Maine's relationship is probably fictitious, there seems to be no good reason for doubting that the O Duibhgeannain descend from the figure claimed as an ancestor by the rulers of Hy-Many.
Trade and investment environment
- insurance
- https://www.ft.com/content/c1048ec8-b333-11e6-a37c-f4a01f1b0fa1 Ireland’s insurance regulator has increased its staff numbers by more than a quarter ahead of an expected influx of applications from London-based insurers looking to move operations following the Brexit vote.
- aircraft leasing
- https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/chinese-fire-up-irish-aviation-finance-market-1.3281454 One of Ireland’s most established markets is experiencing a renewed burst of growth. As China’s aviation sector expands rapidly to meet surging domestic demand for air travel, Dublin is emerging as a major hub for Beijing’s growing ambitions in the aircraft leasing market. Eighteen groups from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong are using the Irish capital as a strategic bridgehead in their push for a bigger share of the $261bn global market. With about half the world’s leased aircraft managed from Dublin and most leading lessors long present in the city, Ireland is a global aviation finance centre.
- energy
- https://www.ft.com/content/51c5a4a8-6d2c-11e7-b9c7-15af748b60d0 Ireland is exploring a range of options for increasing its energy security after the UK leaves the EU, including a €1bn electricity link with France and a €500m import terminal for liquefied natural gas. Dublin is counting on financial support from Brussels for the projects, which would allow Ireland to bypass UK energy infrastructure.
- https://www.ft.com/content/ff323916-a77f-11e7-ab55-27219df83c97 Ireland’s horseracing business relies on longstanding agreements that allow the tariff-free and unfettered movement of thousands of horses between the UK and Ireland. Britain’s exit from the EU has called these arrangements into question, and the uncertain outlook for the Brexit negotiations in Brussels, and infighting in the British government, have plunged the industry into a state of anxiety.
- https://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Historical_Information/The_Constitution/Bunreacht_na_h%C3%89ireann_October_2015_Edition.pdf
irish (language)
- "Craic" (/kræk/ KRAK) or "crack" is a term for news, gossip, fun, entertainment, and enjoyable conversation, particularly prominent in Ireland. It is often used with the definite article – the craic – as in the expression "What's the craic?" (meaning "How are you?" or "What's happening?"). The word has an unusual history; the English crackwas borrowed into Irish as craic in the mid-20th century and the Irish spelling was then reborrowed into English. Under either spelling, the term has great cultural currency and significance in Ireland.
- nollaig shona duit/daoibh merry christmas to you
- names
- *******https://www.quora.com/Why-are-there-Mc-and-O-prefixes-in-Irish-surnames O’ comes from Ó, originally Uí, which perhaps translates best as ‘Of’ in English. It may indicate a family connection (it is, for example, used to indicate the degree of cousinship - first, second, third, etc., and descent - grandchild, great-grandchild, etc.) or, less usually and in the form Uíbh, a place name.
Surname
- Moynihan is a surname with Irish origin. Recorded in several spellings forms including Moynihan, Monahan, Monaghan, Monaham, Minihane, Minihan, and probably others, this is an Irish surname of great antiquity. It originates from the Gaelic O' Muimhneachain, which literally translates as "The male descendant of the Munsterman". The surname is most popular in Counties Cork and Kerry, which form part of the province of Munster. The modern spellings are usually Moynihan and Monaghan, the spelling in the 16th century being generally recorded as Minighane, and regarded as the principal surname of West Cork. Michael and Mortimer Moynihan were famous rebels in the late 16th century, and hailed from Skibbereen. Several of the name were famine immigrants into New York, who embarked from Liverpool on the ship "Hampden" bound for that port on December 8th 1846. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Teag O' Muimhneachain, dated 1659, in the Barony of Tulla, during the reign of Richard Cromwell, known as "The Lord Protector", 1658 - 1660. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Agriculture
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/142a58aa-5d48-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html
The septuagenarian is the driving force behind an event that has been transformed in recent years from a local occasion into one of Europe’s largest agricultural fairs, as well as a much-loved symbol of Irish identity — the National Ploughing Championships.
Population policy
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b3db43dc-c1c1-11e4-abb3-00144feab7de.html Ireland’s prime minister has appealed to emigrants who left the country after its economic and financial crash to return home, as the government steps up efforts to woo investors and skilled expatriates and capitalise on the tentative Irish economic recovery.
language
- Irish (Gaeilge), also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Written Irish is first attested in Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century AD; this stage of the language is known as Primitive Irish
By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, which was spoken throughout Ireland and in Scotland and the Isle of Man. It is the language of a large corpus of literature, including the Ulster Cycle. From the 12th century, Middle Irish began to evolve into modern Irish in Ireland.https://www.facebook.com/IrelandinHK/photos/pcb.1954778898070198/1954778101403611/
- 家住布里斯班的安吉‧嚴（Angie Yen，譯音）上月中接受手術移除扁桃腺，起初她只出現喉嚨痛，惟10日後，當她邊洗澡邊唱歌時，發現自己能唱出以前唱不到的高音，而且說話的聲音變得奇怪。朋友一聽，都說她的口音變得像愛爾蘭人。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20210514/00180_025.html
- history
- [NATS]destruction of irish-speaking aristocracy that occurred in 18thc meant that irish was, from then on, the language of primarily the catholic underclasses.A lack of irish literature, education, or irish-speaking clergy in early 19thc further diminished the status of the language.
- Irish was a language that was forbidden to be used in schools. Also the Great Famine (1845–1852) drove people off the land, to emigrate to other countries, and to the cities. To get ahead in life, in the cities, in business, you had to have English. Irish was seen as the language of the peasantry, the poor, the uneducated.https://www.quora.com/Why-doesnt-Ireland-speak-the-Irish-language-more
- comparison with semitic language
- th
- https://www.babynamesofireland.com/common-irish-names
- a hundred thousand welcomes in irish https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/ceadmillefailte/index.php
Arts
- The history of Irish art starts around 3200 BC with Neolithic stone carvings at the Newgrange megalithic tomb, part of the Brú na Bóinne complex, County Meath. In early-Bronze Age Ireland there is evidence of Beaker culture and a widespread metalworking. Trade-links with Britain and Northern Europe introduced La Tène culture and Celtic art to Ireland by about 300 BC. Irish gold personal ornaments began to be produced within about 200 years either side of 2000 BC, especially in the thin crescent-shaped disks known as lunulae, which was probably first made in Ireland, where over eighty of the hundred odd known examples were found. A range of thin decorated gold discs, bands and plaques, often with pin-holes, were probably attached to clothing, and objects that appear to be earrings have also been found. By around 1400–1000 BC, heavier thin torcs and bagles have been found. The Late Bronze Age of 900–600 BC saw the peak of the surviving Irish prehistoric goldsmithing, with superbly worked pieces in simple but very sophisticated designs. There are also a series of grand gold collars, representing a development of the lunula, with round plates at either end, and a broad corrugated "U"-shaped body, decorated geometrically along the ridges and troughs of the corrugations. In the 6th to 8th centuries the art of the newly Christianised Irish mixed with Mediterranean and Germanic traditions through Irish missionary contacts with the Anglo-Saxons, creating what is called Insular art (or the Hiberno-Saxon style) and such masterpieces as the Book of Kells, the Ardagh Chalice and the Tara Brooch, the most spectacular of about fifty elaborate Celtic brooches in precious metal that have been found.https://www.facebook.com/IrelandinHK/photos/pcb.1955946741286747/1955946514620103/
-https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/visual-art/painting-dublin-a-visual-history-of-ireland-s-capital-city-1.4440577
Note The mention of free state project
Literature
- William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, he helped to found the Abbey Theatre, and in his later years served as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and others. He was born in Sandymount, Ireland and educated there and in London. He spent childhood holidays in County Sligo and studied poetry from an early age when he became fascinated by Irish legends and the occult. These topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and its slow-paced and lyrical poems display Yeats's debts to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the poets of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. From 1900, his poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, as well as with cyclical theories of life. In 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
music
- https://www.quora.com/How-are-the-Celtic-and-Semitic-languages-similar-and-different/answer/Daniel-Ross-71 The Question of a Hamito‐Semitic Substratum in Insular Celtic by Steve Hewitt (2009). Among the many features included in that article (there are 39 listed in a table and discussed in detail), which are found in many (but not all) Celtic and Semitic (and some Afro-Asiatic) languages
- th
- https://www.quora.com/Why-do-people-from-Ireland-often-struggle-to-pronounce-the-th-sound-in-words-like-three-and-truth
- https://www.babynamesofireland.com/common-irish-names
- a hundred thousand welcomes in irish https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/ceadmillefailte/index.php
Arts
- The history of Irish art starts around 3200 BC with Neolithic stone carvings at the Newgrange megalithic tomb, part of the Brú na Bóinne complex, County Meath. In early-Bronze Age Ireland there is evidence of Beaker culture and a widespread metalworking. Trade-links with Britain and Northern Europe introduced La Tène culture and Celtic art to Ireland by about 300 BC. Irish gold personal ornaments began to be produced within about 200 years either side of 2000 BC, especially in the thin crescent-shaped disks known as lunulae, which was probably first made in Ireland, where over eighty of the hundred odd known examples were found. A range of thin decorated gold discs, bands and plaques, often with pin-holes, were probably attached to clothing, and objects that appear to be earrings have also been found. By around 1400–1000 BC, heavier thin torcs and bagles have been found. The Late Bronze Age of 900–600 BC saw the peak of the surviving Irish prehistoric goldsmithing, with superbly worked pieces in simple but very sophisticated designs. There are also a series of grand gold collars, representing a development of the lunula, with round plates at either end, and a broad corrugated "U"-shaped body, decorated geometrically along the ridges and troughs of the corrugations. In the 6th to 8th centuries the art of the newly Christianised Irish mixed with Mediterranean and Germanic traditions through Irish missionary contacts with the Anglo-Saxons, creating what is called Insular art (or the Hiberno-Saxon style) and such masterpieces as the Book of Kells, the Ardagh Chalice and the Tara Brooch, the most spectacular of about fifty elaborate Celtic brooches in precious metal that have been found.https://www.facebook.com/IrelandinHK/photos/pcb.1955946741286747/1955946514620103/
-https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/visual-art/painting-dublin-a-visual-history-of-ireland-s-capital-city-1.4440577
Note The mention of free state project
Literature
- William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, he helped to found the Abbey Theatre, and in his later years served as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and others. He was born in Sandymount, Ireland and educated there and in London. He spent childhood holidays in County Sligo and studied poetry from an early age when he became fascinated by Irish legends and the occult. These topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and its slow-paced and lyrical poems display Yeats's debts to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the poets of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. From 1900, his poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, as well as with cyclical theories of life. In 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- Of Anglo-Irish descent, William Butler Yeats was born at Sandymount in County Dublin, Ireland. His father, John Butler Yeats (1839–1922), was a descendant of Jervis Yeats, a Williamite soldier, linen merchant, and well-known painter who died in 1712. Benjamin Yeats, Jervis's grandson and William's great-great-grandfather, had in 1773 married Mary Butler of a landed family in County Kildare. Following their marriage, they kept the name Butler in the family name. Mary was a descendant of the Butler of Ormond family from the Neigham (pronounced Nyam) Gowran branch of the family. They were descendants of the first Earls of Ormond. By his marriage, William's father John Yeats was studying law but abandoned his studies to study art at Heatherley's Art School in London. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen, came from a wealthy merchant family in Sligo, who owned a milling and shipping business. Soon after William's birth the family relocated to the Pollexfen home at Merville, Sligo to stay with her extended family, and the young poet came to think of the area as his childhood and spiritual home. Its landscape became, over time, both literally and symbolically, his "country of the heart" So also did its location on the sea; John Yeats stated that "by marriage with a Pollexfen, we have given a tongue to the sea cliffs".[10] The Butler Yeats family were highly artistic; his brother Jack became an esteemed painter, while his sisters Elizabeth and Susan Mary—known to family and friends as Lollie and Lily—became involved in the Arts and Crafts movement. Yeats was raised a member of the Protestant Ascendancy, which was at the time undergoing a crisis of identity. While his family was broadly supportive of the changes Ireland was experiencing, the nationalist revival of the late 19th century directly disadvantaged his heritage, and informed his outlook for the remainder of his life.
- "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" is a twelve-line poem composed of three quatrains written by William Butler Yeats in 1888 and first published in the National Observer in 1890. It was reprinted in The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics in 1892 and as an illustrated Cuala Press Broadside in 1932. "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" exemplifies the style of the Celtic Revival: it is an attempt to create a form of poetry that was Irish in origin rather than one that adhered to the standards set by English poets and critics. It received critical acclaim in the United Kingdom and France.The Isle of Innisfree is an uninhabited island within Lough Gill, in County Sligo, Ireland, where Yeats spent his summers as a child.
music
- [NATS] irish vernacular song - folk song, sean-nos (old-style), macaronic song and ballad. Some commentators suggest that irish music, sean-nos in particular, has non-european, or non-western, origins. They linked the classical music traditions of n africa, north and south india, and persia with the sen-nos tradition. The oriental theory both reinforces the ancient gaelic civilization theory and distances irish music from england and english culture. Irish macaronic song repertoire could be a cultural product of the dramatic language shift from gaelic to english in 19thc. Some see it a hybrid of anglo-gaelic culture that emerged at the end of 17thc. Sean-nos singing is often perceived as being divided into 5 regional styles: donegal, connacht, kerry, cork and waterford. With a few notable exceptions, ballads are almost always sung in english. A wide variety collected by francis james child appear within irish tradition.
Festival
- The Rose of Tralee International Festival is an international event which is celebrated among Irish communities all over the world. The Festival, held annually in the town of Tralee in County Kerry, takes its inspiration from a 19th-century ballad of the same name about a woman called Mary, who because of her beauty was called "The Rose of Tralee". The heart of the festival is the selection of the Rose of Tralee which brings young women of Irish descent from around the world to County Kerry, Ireland for a global celebration of Irish culture. The festival also includes street entertainment, carnival, live concerts, theatre, circus, markets, funfair, fireworks and Rose Parades. Ireland cg hk facebook
diaspora
- [futurelearn] Schools established at some of the larger church settlements in Ireland became famed for their scholarship and attracted clerics and nobles from across Europe. According the late seventh-century historian, Bede,‘the Irish welcomed them all gladly, gave them their daily food, and also provided them with books to read and instruction, without asking any payment’. The faith and confidence of Irish Christians developed and Irish missionaries took to the seas and rivers of Europe, establishing a network of church-focused settlements at places such as Iona in Scotland, and across continental Europe at places such as Luxeuil (Burgundy, France), St Gall (Switzerland) and Bobbio (Italy). As the fame of Irish scholarship grew, Irish teachers and thinkers were also invited to join centres of learning at schools established in royal and aristocratic courts and large monasteries, so that by the ninth century, the German monk and scholar, Walafrid Strabo remarked: ‘The Irish nation, with whom the custom of travelling into foreign parts has now become almost second nature’.
- The Ireland Funds are a global fundraising network for people of Irish ancestry and friends of Ireland, dedicated to raising funds to support programs of peace and reconciliation, arts and culture, education and community development throughout the island of Ireland. https://irelandfunds.org
catholicism
- https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/let-s-talk-about-ireland-s-missing-magdalene-men-1.3782938
- https://www.ft.com/content/2009abfc-ad7c-11e9-8030-530adfa879c2 When the Catholic church was in its prime in Ireland thousands of priests trained at Holy Cross college in central Dublin, the city’s major seminary for more than a century. Now the historic building and its extensive adjoining lands are being sold off in a €95m property deal, as the weakened church cashes in on a rising real estate market. The sale reflects the declining property needs of the once-mighty church, whose influence has waned after decades of scandal over child abuse by priests, and a property market that is still seeing prices increase, albeit at a slower pace. The Holy Cross deal is but one among many. Current sales by Catholic orders include several prominent properties in south Dublin, where values are highest and rising. The Jesuit order has sought more than €55m for one prime residential site; the Carmelite order is in line to receive €35m for another; the Spiritan congregation has sought more than €20m for a property; and the Order of St Augustine is seeking more than €18m for a site.
protestant
- https://www.quora.com/How-badly-were-Protestants-treated-in-the-Republic-of-Ireland-after-it-got-independence irish patriots who are protestants (including douglas hyde)
jews
- A study looks at both Irish anti-Semitism and the idea that the Jews and the Irish are alike https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland-s-complex-jewish-history-influential-figures-who-were-anti-semites-1.3671755
History
- reference material
- *****https://www.quora.com/What-was-happening-in-Ireland-during-the-time-of-the-Roman-Empire The Romans never conquered Ireland, so the tribes who lived there continued to live life as they had done since the Iron Age. This is why by the time of the Western Roman Empire’s decline, Ireland was still living in the Iron Age. Nevertheless, trade occurred with the Romans and the Irish Celts via Britain. After the Romans withdrew from Britain, Irish raiders began taking Romanized Britons as slaves, one of them being Saint Patrick himself. This was the beginning of civilizing, and even partially Romanizing Ireland via Christianity. This also led to the golden age of Irish history. While the rest of Europe was in the grips of the Early Middle Ages, Ireland was in the midst of an early Renaissance. This was due to the fact that Abbots, rather than Bishops and Archbishops, held spiritual and political power. Monasteries were political entities, much like a town or city, complete with soldiers, farmers, clergymen and sex workers. In fact, one monastery could even declare war on another, and this uniquely powerful institution allowed the Irish church to develop into a center of learning. Irish monasteries produced, and often reproduced, vast libraries of spiritual texts and treatises, as well as surviving Greek and Latin classics. The Irish students, monks and scholars revered these books so highly that they made ornate covers of gold or silver, and embedded with jewels and precious stones.The impact from this set off a chain of events that also led to the Christianization of Scotland by Saint Columba and his followers on the Isle of Iona, that spread out to Inverness and the rest of Scotland. From Scotland, they gradually Christianized the rest of Anglo-Saxon England in the north, while a mission from Rome succeeded in Christianizing the southern kingdoms.
- Uí Mháine, often Anglicised as Hy Many, was one of the oldest and largest kingdoms located in Connacht, Ireland. Its territory of approximately 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) encompassed all of what is now north, east and south County Galway, south and central County Roscommon, an area near County Clare, and at one stage had apparently subjugated land on the east bank of the Shannon, together with the parish of Lusmagh in Offaly.Máine Mór is said to have established the kingdom around 357 AD, and ruled for fifty years. Before his arrival, the area had been occupied by the Fir Bolg, ruled by King Cian d'Fhearaibh Bolg.The Uí Mháine are among the ancient Irish dynasties still represented today among the recognised Irish nobility and Chiefs of the Name, by the O'Kelly of Gallagh and Tycooly, Prince of Uí Mháine and Count of the Holy Roman Empire. The Fox(O'Kearney) may represent the eastern Uí Mháine of Tethbae.
- The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht (Irish Cúige Chonnacht, province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster. Their traditional capital was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan, County Roscommon). The use of the word cúige, earlier cóiced, literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta, the Ulaid (Ulster) and the Laigin (Leinster), the region of Mumu (Munster), and the central kingdom of Mide. This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by the dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon: Brion, Ailill, Fiachrae, Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages. Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello, later replaced by Uí Maine) were known as teóra Connachta, or the historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill, at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara, and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times.
- The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht (Irish Cúige Chonnacht, province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster. Their traditional capital was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan, County Roscommon).The use of the word cúige, earlier cóiced, literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta,the Ulaid (Ulster) and the Laigin (Leinster), the region of Mumu (Munster), and the central kingdom of Mide. This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by the dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon: Brion, Ailill, Fiachrae, Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages. Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello, later replaced by Uí Maine) were known as teóra Connachta, or the historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill, at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara, and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times.
- The Uí Briúin were a royal dynasty of Connacht. Their eponymous apical ancestor was Brión, son of Eochaid Mugmedon and Mongfind, and an elder half brother of Niall of the Nine Hostages. They formed part of the Connachta, along with the Uí Fiachrach and Uí Ailello, putative descendants of Eochaid Mugmedon's sons Fiachra and Ailill. The Uí Ailello were later replaced as the third of the Three Connachta, by genealogical sleight of hand, by the Uí Maine.The Uí Briúin divided into multiple septs, the three major ones being:
- The Northern Uí Néill is the name given to several dynasties in north-western medieval Ireland that claimed descent from a common ancestor, Niall of the Nine Hostages.[1] Other dynasties in central and eastern Ireland who also claimed descent from Niall were termed the Southern Uí Néill (together they are known as the Uí Néill dynasty). The dynasties of the Northern Uí Néill were the Cenél Conaill and Cenél nEógain, named after supposed sons of Niall: Conall and Eógain.
- Alpín mac Echdach was a supposed king of Dál Riata included in a pedigree created in the 10th century to connect the kings of Alba to legendary Dál Riatan and Irish ancestors. In this pedigree Alpín's father is Eochaid, an Irish name, yet he becomes the father of Cináed i.e. Kenneth MacAlpin. Cináed and Alpín are the names of Pictish kings in the 8th century: the brothers Ciniod and Elphin who ruled from 763 to 780. Alpín's alleged father Eochaid IV is not mentioned in any contemporary source. Alpín's mother was Fergusa, daughter of Fergus of Dalriada.
- The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (Irish: Éirí Amach 1798), also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion (Irish: Éirí Amach na nÉireannach Aontaithe), was an uprising against Britishrule in Ireland lasting from May to September 1798. The United Irishmen, a republicanrevolutionary group influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions, were the main organising force behind the rebellion.
- The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes erroneously referred to as a single Act of Union 1801) united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with effect from 1 January 1801. Both Acts, though since amended, still remain in force in theUnited Kingdom, but have been repealed in theRepublic of Ireland.
- The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca), also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection inIreland during Easter Week, April 1916. The Rising was launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798, and the first armed action of the Irish revolutionary period.
- The Great Famine (Irish: an Gorta Mór, [anˠ ˈgɔɾˠt̪ˠa mˠoːɾˠ]) or the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852. It is sometimes referred to, mostly outside Ireland, as the Irish Potato Famine, because about two-fifths of the population was solely reliant on this cheap crop for a number of historical reasons. During the famine, approximately one million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland, causing the island's population to fall by between 20% and 25%. The proximate cause of famine was potato blight,[6] which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. However, the impact in Ireland was disproportionate, as one third of the population was dependent on the potato for a range of ethnic, religious, political, social, and economic reasons, such as land acquisition, absentee landlords, and the Corn Laws, which all contributed to the disaster to varying degrees and remain the subject of intense historical debate. The famine was a watershed in the history of Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The famine and its effects permanently changed the island's demographic, political, and cultural landscape. For both the native Irish and those in the resulting diaspora, the famine enteredfolk memory and became a rallying point for Irish nationalist movements. The already strained relations between many Irish and the British Crown soured further, heightening ethnic and sectarian tensions, and boosting Irish nationalism and republicanism in Ireland and among Irish emigrants in the United States and elsewhere.
- The Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish: An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known asThe Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State within a year as a self-governing dominion within the 'community of nations known as theBritish Empire', a status 'the same as that of the Dominion of Canada. It also provided Northern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, an option to opt out of the Irish Free State, which it exercised. The agreement was signed in London on 6 December 1921, by representatives of theBritish government (which included Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who was head of the British delegates) and by representatives of the Irish Republic including Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith. The Irish representatives hadplenipotentiary status (negotiators empowered to sign a treaty without reference back to their superiors) acting on behalf of the Irish Republic, though the British government declined to recognise that status. As required by its terms, the agreement was ratified by 'a meeting' of the members elected to sit in theHouse of Commons of Southern Ireland and [separately] by the British Parliament. In reality,Dáil Éireann (the legislative assembly for the de facto Irish Republic) first debated then ratified the treaty; members then went ahead with the 'meeting'. Though the treaty was narrowly ratified, the split led to the Irish Civil War, which was won by the pro-treaty side. The Irish Free State as contemplated by the treaty came into existence when its constitution became law on 6 December 1922 by a royal proclamation giving the force of law to the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922.
- Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogside Massacre – was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland. British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a protest march against internment. Fourteen people died: thirteen were killed outright, while the death of another man four months later was attributed to his injuries. Many of the victims were shot while fleeing from the soldiers and some were shot while trying to help the wounded. Other protesters were injured by rubber bullets or batons, and two were run down by army vehicles.[2][3] The march had been organised by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and the Northern Resistance Movement. The soldiers involved were members of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment, also known as "1 Para".
- On August 27, 1979, Lord Louis Mountbatten is killed when Irish Republican Army (IRA) terrorists detonate a 50-pound bomb hidden on his fishing vessel Shadow V. Mountbatten, a war hero, elder statesman, and second cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, was spending the day with his family in Donegal Bay off Ireland’s northwest coast when the bomb exploded. Three others were killed in the attack, including Mountbatten’s 14-year-old grandson, Nicholas. Later that day, an IRA bombing attack on land killed 18 British paratroopers in County Down, Northern Ireland.
- The Anglo-Irish Agreement was a treaty between the United Kingdom and Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government while confirming that there would be no change in the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority of its people agreed to join the Republic. It also set out conditions for the establishment of a devolved consensus government in the region.
The Agreement was signed on 15 November 1985 at Hillsborough Castle, by the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, and the Irish Taoiseach, Garret FitzGerald.
- people
USA
- beef
- The crisis engulfing Aughinish Alumina's Russian owner Rusal deepened yesterday, as the parent company's bonds slumped to record lows, two major customers said they were reviewing their contracts, and the London Metal Exchange distanced itself from the aluminium giant in the latest aftershocks from US sanctions. A Government spokeswoman was last night unable to say what the sanctions mean for Rusal and its employees here. "The Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation is assessing the potential implications that new US sanctions, targeting certain Russian individuals and firms, may have for both Irish and overseas companies operating in Ireland. The Department is also in close and regular contact with its enterprise agencies, IDA Ireland and Enterprise Ireland, who are monitoring this evolving situation," she said.https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/sanctions-rock-firm-behind-vast-aughinish-alumina-plant-36795544.html
UK
- history
- Interface area is the name given in Northern Ireland to areas where segregated nationalist and unionist residential areas meet. They have been defined as "the intersection of segregated and polarised working class residential zones, in areas with a strong link between territory and ethno-political identity".
France
- Frenchpark, historically known as Dungar (Irish: Dún Gar, meaning "the fort of favour"), is a village in County Roscommon, Ireland on the N5 national primary road. It was the home of Douglas Hyde, the first President of Ireland. The nearby French Park Estate was until 1952 the ancestral seat of the French family, Barons de Freyne. The estate was sold to the Irish Land Commission in the 1950s and was dismantled by the mid 1970s. An historic smokehouse is one of the few remaining legacies of this period.
vietnam
- scmp remember a day on a 9aug1979 report - An Irish radio station called the South China Morning Post wanting to find out why 50 Vietnamese refugees had refused to resettle in Eire. When told several incidents of this sort had happened in the past that went unnoticed, radio commentator Kevin Healy was silent. Ireland had offered to take 1,000 refugees from Hong Kong that year.https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3021953/german-man-divorces-wife-because-allergic-reaction-and
China
- ties
- visits by chinese leaders
- investors from ireland
- investors from china (source: invest in europe booklet by eu office to HK and macau)
Macau and hk
- ties
Hong Kong
- official visit
- heritage
- scmp reports 18sep15 with irish cg in hk
- will set up consular office in HK (report from SCMP on 16Mar14 http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1449637/ireland-set-open-first-consulate-hong-kong:
- parliament
- hk police
- immigration
- delegation to hk
- hk people in ireland
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160417/PDF/a19_screen.pdf George Bernard Shaw visit to hk
- interview with irish cg in hk and the new hk office hkej 21oct14 c3
Ireland will open its first diplomatic mission in Hong Kong this year in a bid to increase its presence in Asia amid its recovery from one of the country's darkest economic periods in recent history.
"Part of our recovery strategy is to look at key parts of the world where we want to professionalise and deepen our reputation," said Brendan Howlin, the country's Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform.
The consulate will be staffed by a consul general and deputy consul with two or three local support staff. No date has been set for the official opening.
In mainland China there are about 2,000 Irish nationals, mainly living in Beijing and Shanghai.
Howlin identified tourism as a key growth area as last year Ireland had just 18,000 visitors from mainland China and Hong Kong out of a total of eight million tourists.
Education was another target area, he said. Currently, there are about 2,500 students from China in Ireland, with about the same number of Irish students in China.
He admitted that they were "playing catch-up" in terms of strengthening ties with China and other parts of Asia, with a new embassy set to open in Jakarta this year.
Ireland is hoping to increase exports to China of Irish cheeses, butter and milk, as well as Guinness and Irish whiskey.
"We see China as the emerging world's largest economy and with terrific growth rates of 7.5 per cent, we look enviously at it."
While Ireland may be green with envy at China's growth rates, the Emerald Isle will make its own mark on China tomorrow when a section of the Great Wall will be bathed in green light to mark St Patrick's Day.
Event
- Galway Oyster and Seafood Festival http//galwayoysterfestival.com
Festival
- The Rose of Tralee International Festival is an international event which is celebrated among Irish communities all over the world. The Festival, held annually in the town of Tralee in County Kerry, takes its inspiration from a 19th-century ballad of the same name about a woman called Mary, who because of her beauty was called "The Rose of Tralee". The heart of the festival is the selection of the Rose of Tralee which brings young women of Irish descent from around the world to County Kerry, Ireland for a global celebration of Irish culture. The festival also includes street entertainment, carnival, live concerts, theatre, circus, markets, funfair, fireworks and Rose Parades. Ireland cg hk facebook
diaspora
- [futurelearn] Schools established at some of the larger church settlements in Ireland became famed for their scholarship and attracted clerics and nobles from across Europe. According the late seventh-century historian, Bede,‘the Irish welcomed them all gladly, gave them their daily food, and also provided them with books to read and instruction, without asking any payment’. The faith and confidence of Irish Christians developed and Irish missionaries took to the seas and rivers of Europe, establishing a network of church-focused settlements at places such as Iona in Scotland, and across continental Europe at places such as Luxeuil (Burgundy, France), St Gall (Switzerland) and Bobbio (Italy). As the fame of Irish scholarship grew, Irish teachers and thinkers were also invited to join centres of learning at schools established in royal and aristocratic courts and large monasteries, so that by the ninth century, the German monk and scholar, Walafrid Strabo remarked: ‘The Irish nation, with whom the custom of travelling into foreign parts has now become almost second nature’.
- The Ireland Funds are a global fundraising network for people of Irish ancestry and friends of Ireland, dedicated to raising funds to support programs of peace and reconciliation, arts and culture, education and community development throughout the island of Ireland. https://irelandfunds.org
- has a china chapter
religion
- color green linked to irish catholics, irish protestants adopted orange in homage to william iii
- https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/let-s-talk-about-ireland-s-missing-magdalene-men-1.3782938
- https://www.ft.com/content/2009abfc-ad7c-11e9-8030-530adfa879c2 When the Catholic church was in its prime in Ireland thousands of priests trained at Holy Cross college in central Dublin, the city’s major seminary for more than a century. Now the historic building and its extensive adjoining lands are being sold off in a €95m property deal, as the weakened church cashes in on a rising real estate market. The sale reflects the declining property needs of the once-mighty church, whose influence has waned after decades of scandal over child abuse by priests, and a property market that is still seeing prices increase, albeit at a slower pace. The Holy Cross deal is but one among many. Current sales by Catholic orders include several prominent properties in south Dublin, where values are highest and rising. The Jesuit order has sought more than €55m for one prime residential site; the Carmelite order is in line to receive €35m for another; the Spiritan congregation has sought more than €20m for a property; and the Order of St Augustine is seeking more than €18m for a site.
protestant
- https://www.quora.com/How-badly-were-Protestants-treated-in-the-Republic-of-Ireland-after-it-got-independence irish patriots who are protestants (including douglas hyde)
jews
- A study looks at both Irish anti-Semitism and the idea that the Jews and the Irish are alike https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland-s-complex-jewish-history-influential-figures-who-were-anti-semites-1.3671755
History
- reference material
- The (Great) Book of Lecan (Irish: Leabhar (Mór) Leacain) (RIA, MS 23 P 2) is a medieval Irish manuscript written between 1397and 1418 in Castle Forbes, Lecan (Lackan, Leckan; Irish Leacan) in the territory of Tír Fhíacrach, near modern Enniscrone, County Sligo. It is in the possession of the Royal Irish Academy. Leabhar Mór Leacain is written in Middle Irish and was created by Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín for Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh. The material within was transcribed from the Book of Leinster, latter copies of the Book of Invasions, the dinsenchas, the banshenchasand the Book of Rights. At one stage it was owned by James Ussher. James II of England then deposited it at the Irish College, Paris. In 1787, the Chevalier O'Reilly returned it to Ireland; where it was at one stage in the possession of Charles Vallancey. He passed it on to the Royal Irish Academy. There were originally 30 folios; the first nine were apparently lost in 1724. Unfortunately these contained a large section devoted to the pedigrees and history of the Norse and Norse-Gaelic families of Ireland, which are nowhere else preserved.
- Éire (Irish: [ˈeːɾʲə] is Irish for "Ireland", the name of an island and a sovereign state. The modern Irish Éire evolved from the Old Irish word Ériu, which was the name of a Gaelic goddess. Ériu is generally believed to have been the matron goddess of Ireland, a goddess of sovereignty, or simply a goddess of the land. The origin of Ériu has been traced to the Proto-Celticreconstruction *Φīwerjon- (nominative singular Φīwerjū < Pre-Proto-Celtic -jō). This suggests a descent from the Proto-Indo-Europeanreconstruction *piHwerjon-, likely related to the adjectival stem *piHwer- (cf. Sanskrit pīvan, pīvarī and pīvara meaning "fat, full, abounding"). This would suggest a meaning of "abundant land".
- Ériu was the daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, a prechristian supernatural race supposed to represent the main deities of pre Christian Ireland.https://www.quora.com/Why-do-some-people-when-writing-or-speaking-in-English-refer-to-Ireland-as-Eire
- Scientists have been developing a genetic database of ancient Irish genomes from all periods of pre-history to understand how the modern Irish gene pool came about.She said the hunter-gatherer Irish not only had dark skin, but also bright blue eyes – a combination rarely seen today.They operated mostly along the coast of the Burren gathering shellfish, and then moving inland to hunt wild boar and gather hazelnuts.The Burren’s unique geological landscape means it has preserved evidence of millennia of settlement in the area of west Clare.The hunter gathers were replaced by early farmers. The earliest evidence of farmers in Ireland is in the Burren. They arrived approximately 6,000 years ago in what was known as the Neolithic era.“We know now from ancient genomes that farming was accompanied by a whole group of people moving into the continent from the region now known as modern Turkey, ” she said.They brought cattle, sheep and goats, pottery and new housing structures. They have lighter skin than the hunter gather, but more sallow than today.In 4,000 years the last wave of early settlers came to Ireland. They were at the tail end of a large scale migration in the Steppe region of Russia into western Europe.
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/early-irish-people-were-dark-skinned-with-blue-eyes-documentary-1.4541124
- https://www.facebook.com/IrelandinHK/photos/pcb.1955946741286747/1955946514620103/- *****https://www.quora.com/What-was-happening-in-Ireland-during-the-time-of-the-Roman-Empire The Romans never conquered Ireland, so the tribes who lived there continued to live life as they had done since the Iron Age. This is why by the time of the Western Roman Empire’s decline, Ireland was still living in the Iron Age. Nevertheless, trade occurred with the Romans and the Irish Celts via Britain. After the Romans withdrew from Britain, Irish raiders began taking Romanized Britons as slaves, one of them being Saint Patrick himself. This was the beginning of civilizing, and even partially Romanizing Ireland via Christianity. This also led to the golden age of Irish history. While the rest of Europe was in the grips of the Early Middle Ages, Ireland was in the midst of an early Renaissance. This was due to the fact that Abbots, rather than Bishops and Archbishops, held spiritual and political power. Monasteries were political entities, much like a town or city, complete with soldiers, farmers, clergymen and sex workers. In fact, one monastery could even declare war on another, and this uniquely powerful institution allowed the Irish church to develop into a center of learning. Irish monasteries produced, and often reproduced, vast libraries of spiritual texts and treatises, as well as surviving Greek and Latin classics. The Irish students, monks and scholars revered these books so highly that they made ornate covers of gold or silver, and embedded with jewels and precious stones.The impact from this set off a chain of events that also led to the Christianization of Scotland by Saint Columba and his followers on the Isle of Iona, that spread out to Inverness and the rest of Scotland. From Scotland, they gradually Christianized the rest of Anglo-Saxon England in the north, while a mission from Rome succeeded in Christianizing the southern kingdoms.
- Uí Mháine, often Anglicised as Hy Many, was one of the oldest and largest kingdoms located in Connacht, Ireland. Its territory of approximately 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) encompassed all of what is now north, east and south County Galway, south and central County Roscommon, an area near County Clare, and at one stage had apparently subjugated land on the east bank of the Shannon, together with the parish of Lusmagh in Offaly.Máine Mór is said to have established the kingdom around 357 AD, and ruled for fifty years. Before his arrival, the area had been occupied by the Fir Bolg, ruled by King Cian d'Fhearaibh Bolg.The Uí Mháine are among the ancient Irish dynasties still represented today among the recognised Irish nobility and Chiefs of the Name, by the O'Kelly of Gallagh and Tycooly, Prince of Uí Mháine and Count of the Holy Roman Empire. The Fox(O'Kearney) may represent the eastern Uí Mháine of Tethbae.
- The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht (Irish Cúige Chonnacht, province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster. Their traditional capital was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan, County Roscommon). The use of the word cúige, earlier cóiced, literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta, the Ulaid (Ulster) and the Laigin (Leinster), the region of Mumu (Munster), and the central kingdom of Mide. This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by the dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon: Brion, Ailill, Fiachrae, Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages. Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello, later replaced by Uí Maine) were known as teóra Connachta, or the historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill, at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara, and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times.
- The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht (Irish Cúige Chonnacht, province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster. Their traditional capital was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan, County Roscommon).The use of the word cúige, earlier cóiced, literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta,the Ulaid (Ulster) and the Laigin (Leinster), the region of Mumu (Munster), and the central kingdom of Mide. This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by the dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon: Brion, Ailill, Fiachrae, Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages. Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello, later replaced by Uí Maine) were known as teóra Connachta, or the historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill, at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara, and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times.
- The Uí Briúin were a royal dynasty of Connacht. Their eponymous apical ancestor was Brión, son of Eochaid Mugmedon and Mongfind, and an elder half brother of Niall of the Nine Hostages. They formed part of the Connachta, along with the Uí Fiachrach and Uí Ailello, putative descendants of Eochaid Mugmedon's sons Fiachra and Ailill. The Uí Ailello were later replaced as the third of the Three Connachta, by genealogical sleight of hand, by the Uí Maine.The Uí Briúin divided into multiple septs, the three major ones being:
- The Uí Briúin Aí, named for the region they controlled—Mag nAí, the lands around the ancient centre of Connacht, Cruachan in modern County Roscommon. Major divisions of the Uí Briúin Ai were the Síol Muireadaigh, from whom the many high medieval dynasties of Ó Conchubhair (O'Connors), as well as the MacDermots, were descended, and the Síl Cathail.
- The Uí Briúin Bréifne, whose high medieval kingdom of Bréifne lay in modern County Cavan and County Leitrim. The Ó Raghallaigh (O'Reillys) and Ó Ruairc (O'Rourkes) dynasties were among the septs of the Uí Briúin Bréifne.
- The Uí Briúin Seóla, who were centred on Maigh Seóla in modern County Galway. The Ó Flaithbheartaigh kings of Iar Connachtand their kin, the Clann Cosgraigh, belong to this branch.
- The Northern Uí Néill is the name given to several dynasties in north-western medieval Ireland that claimed descent from a common ancestor, Niall of the Nine Hostages.[1] Other dynasties in central and eastern Ireland who also claimed descent from Niall were termed the Southern Uí Néill (together they are known as the Uí Néill dynasty). The dynasties of the Northern Uí Néill were the Cenél Conaill and Cenél nEógain, named after supposed sons of Niall: Conall and Eógain.
- The Cenél nEógain or Kinel-Owen ("Kindred of Owen") are a branch of the Northern Uí Néill, who claim descent from Eógan mac Néill, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Originally their power-base was in Inishowen, with their capital at Ailech, in modern-day County Donegal in what is now the west of Ulster. Under pressure from the Cenél Conaill, they gradually spread their influence eastwards into modern counties Tyrone and Londonderry, pushing aside the Cruithin east of the River Bann, and encroaching on the Airgiallan tribes west of Lough Neagh. By the 11th century their power-base had moved from Ailech to Tullyhogue outside Cookstown, County Tyrone. By the 12th century the Cenél Conaill conquered Inishowen; however, it mattered little to the Cenél nEóghain as they had established a powerful over-kingdom in the east that had become known as Tír Eoghain, or the "Land of Owen", preserved in the modern-day name of County Tyrone.
- Niall Frossach (or Niall mac Fergaile) (718–778) was an 8th-century Irish king of Ailech, sometimes considered to have been High King of Ireland. Brother of high king Áed Allán (died 743), Niall was the son of high king Fergal mac Máele Dúin (died 722) and a member of the Cenél nEógain, a branch of the Northern Uí Néill. The epithet Frossach (showery) is said to come from showers of silver, honey and wheat which fell on his home at Fahan in Inishowen at his birth. Upon the death of his brother he became King of Ailech. He ruled as King of Ailech from 743 to 770. However the new high king Domnall Midi (died 763) of the Clann Cholmáin branch of the southern Ui Neill appointed Áed Muinderg (died 747) of the rival Cenél Conaill as his representative in the North (Rí in Tuaiscert). In 756 conflict with Domnall broke out and Domnall led a force of Laigin with him as far as Mag Muirtheimne in modern County Louth.[3] This region had been recently brought under overlordship by Niall's brother Áed Allán in 735. Niall followed Domnall Midi as High King in 763.[4] His reign was considered notably peaceful. The law of Saint Patrick was again proclaimed in force in 767. (The Clann Cholmáin high kings had supported the Law of Columba of Iona. Domnall Midi's son Donnchad Midi (died 797) began to claim the throne of Tara in 770 when he campaigned against Leinster. In 771 Donnchad led a hosting to the north in 771 and 772.[6] It is presumed that Niall abdicated sometime between 772 and 777 though possibly as early as 770.[7] He died on Iona in 778.
- Alpín mac Echdach was a supposed king of Dál Riata included in a pedigree created in the 10th century to connect the kings of Alba to legendary Dál Riatan and Irish ancestors. In this pedigree Alpín's father is Eochaid, an Irish name, yet he becomes the father of Cináed i.e. Kenneth MacAlpin. Cináed and Alpín are the names of Pictish kings in the 8th century: the brothers Ciniod and Elphin who ruled from 763 to 780. Alpín's alleged father Eochaid IV is not mentioned in any contemporary source. Alpín's mother was Fergusa, daughter of Fergus of Dalriada.
- note the film gaelic king in 2017
- The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (Irish: Éirí Amach 1798), also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion (Irish: Éirí Amach na nÉireannach Aontaithe), was an uprising against Britishrule in Ireland lasting from May to September 1798. The United Irishmen, a republicanrevolutionary group influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions, were the main organising force behind the rebellion.
- The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes erroneously referred to as a single Act of Union 1801) united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with effect from 1 January 1801. Both Acts, though since amended, still remain in force in theUnited Kingdom, but have been repealed in theRepublic of Ireland.
- The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca), also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection inIreland during Easter Week, April 1916. The Rising was launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798, and the first armed action of the Irish revolutionary period.
- The Great Famine (Irish: an Gorta Mór, [anˠ ˈgɔɾˠt̪ˠa mˠoːɾˠ]) or the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852. It is sometimes referred to, mostly outside Ireland, as the Irish Potato Famine, because about two-fifths of the population was solely reliant on this cheap crop for a number of historical reasons. During the famine, approximately one million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland, causing the island's population to fall by between 20% and 25%. The proximate cause of famine was potato blight,[6] which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. However, the impact in Ireland was disproportionate, as one third of the population was dependent on the potato for a range of ethnic, religious, political, social, and economic reasons, such as land acquisition, absentee landlords, and the Corn Laws, which all contributed to the disaster to varying degrees and remain the subject of intense historical debate. The famine was a watershed in the history of Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The famine and its effects permanently changed the island's demographic, political, and cultural landscape. For both the native Irish and those in the resulting diaspora, the famine enteredfolk memory and became a rallying point for Irish nationalist movements. The already strained relations between many Irish and the British Crown soured further, heightening ethnic and sectarian tensions, and boosting Irish nationalism and republicanism in Ireland and among Irish emigrants in the United States and elsewhere.
- https://www.quora.com/Would-an-18th-century-Irish-family-make-meals-out-of-potatoes-that-might-seem-strange-to-a-modern-person-or-were-they-mostly-just-boiled
- The Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish: An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known asThe Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State within a year as a self-governing dominion within the 'community of nations known as theBritish Empire', a status 'the same as that of the Dominion of Canada. It also provided Northern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, an option to opt out of the Irish Free State, which it exercised. The agreement was signed in London on 6 December 1921, by representatives of theBritish government (which included Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who was head of the British delegates) and by representatives of the Irish Republic including Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith. The Irish representatives hadplenipotentiary status (negotiators empowered to sign a treaty without reference back to their superiors) acting on behalf of the Irish Republic, though the British government declined to recognise that status. As required by its terms, the agreement was ratified by 'a meeting' of the members elected to sit in theHouse of Commons of Southern Ireland and [separately] by the British Parliament. In reality,Dáil Éireann (the legislative assembly for the de facto Irish Republic) first debated then ratified the treaty; members then went ahead with the 'meeting'. Though the treaty was narrowly ratified, the split led to the Irish Civil War, which was won by the pro-treaty side. The Irish Free State as contemplated by the treaty came into existence when its constitution became law on 6 December 1922 by a royal proclamation giving the force of law to the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922.
- Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogside Massacre – was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland. British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a protest march against internment. Fourteen people died: thirteen were killed outright, while the death of another man four months later was attributed to his injuries. Many of the victims were shot while fleeing from the soldiers and some were shot while trying to help the wounded. Other protesters were injured by rubber bullets or batons, and two were run down by army vehicles.[2][3] The march had been organised by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and the Northern Resistance Movement. The soldiers involved were members of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment, also known as "1 Para".
- On August 27, 1979, Lord Louis Mountbatten is killed when Irish Republican Army (IRA) terrorists detonate a 50-pound bomb hidden on his fishing vessel Shadow V. Mountbatten, a war hero, elder statesman, and second cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, was spending the day with his family in Donegal Bay off Ireland’s northwest coast when the bomb exploded. Three others were killed in the attack, including Mountbatten’s 14-year-old grandson, Nicholas. Later that day, an IRA bombing attack on land killed 18 British paratroopers in County Down, Northern Ireland.
- The Anglo-Irish Agreement was a treaty between the United Kingdom and Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government while confirming that there would be no change in the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority of its people agreed to join the Republic. It also set out conditions for the establishment of a devolved consensus government in the region.
The Agreement was signed on 15 November 1985 at Hillsborough Castle, by the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, and the Irish Taoiseach, Garret FitzGerald.
- people
- Today, the Isle of Man barely registers in the Irish consciousness, having become largely peripheral to the cultural and political milieu of modern Europe. This, however, was not always the case. In a time when the seaways were highways, medieval Man sat astride strategic maritime crossroads at the intersection of the Anglo-Norman, Celtic and Scandinavian worlds. This made the small island a melting-pot of languages, cultures and political world-views, and its kings key players in the politics of the Irish Sea region, where their fleets could offer security or peril. Man’s early history is linked to Ireland’s. Its indigenous culture was superseded by a Celtic migration in the prehistoric era. Then, from around AD 450, there followed an Early Christian period, interrupted in the late eighth or early ninth century by the first Viking activity on the island. The Norse ‘kingdom of Man’ was established in the late eleventh century by Gu?rø?r Crovan (d. 1095)—also known as Gofraid Méránach (‘the furious’)—who was likely a member of the ruling Ostman dynasty of Dublin (p. 62). His descendants then ruled it for almost two centuries until it was surrendered to Scotland in 1266.Despite the importance of the medieval kingdom of Man, little has been published on it. R. Andrew McDonald seeks to remedy this by taking the reign of Gu?rø?r’s great-grandson, R?gnvaldr Gu?rø?arson (1187–1229), as the focal point for an analysis of the entire Crovan dynasty. http://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/manx-kingship-in-its-irish-sea-setting-1187-1229-king-rognvaldr-and-the-crovan-dynasty/
- maps
- ft 4apr2021 line of division
USA
- beef
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6127df30-97ee-11e4-84d4-00144feabdc0.html Mr Talbot, one of Ireland’s leading cattle farmers, produces prime beef steak for the domestic and European markets from his 600-acre farm outside the village of Ballacolla, the heartland of grazing country amid the flat fields of County Laois in Ireland’s midlands.But the lucrative market in the US, the largest consumers of beef in the world, has been denied him — until now. Following an deal agreed recently between Washington and Dublin, he and his fellow Irish beef farmers are gearing up to sell their product to the US for the first time since a 15-year ban was imposed on European beef in the wake of the “mad cow disease” outbreak in the 1990s. As Europe’s biggest beef exporter — overseas sales of Irish beef in 2014 were worth €2.3bn, accounting for about a fifth of all Irish food and drink exports — the reopening of the US market offers a potential lifeline to farmers such as Mr Talbot at a tough time for the industry.
- The crisis engulfing Aughinish Alumina's Russian owner Rusal deepened yesterday, as the parent company's bonds slumped to record lows, two major customers said they were reviewing their contracts, and the London Metal Exchange distanced itself from the aluminium giant in the latest aftershocks from US sanctions. A Government spokeswoman was last night unable to say what the sanctions mean for Rusal and its employees here. "The Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation is assessing the potential implications that new US sanctions, targeting certain Russian individuals and firms, may have for both Irish and overseas companies operating in Ireland. The Department is also in close and regular contact with its enterprise agencies, IDA Ireland and Enterprise Ireland, who are monitoring this evolving situation," she said.https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/sanctions-rock-firm-behind-vast-aughinish-alumina-plant-36795544.html
UK
- history
- [future learn] With the gradual collapse of Roman Britain in the late fourth and early fifth centuries, small Irish settlements sprung up along the western seaboard of Scotland, south Wales and north-west Cornwall. Other Irishmen paid shorter visits to Britain, capturing Romano-British and bringing them back to Ireland as slaves. The most famous of these was the Welshman Patrick, later St Patrick, who is credited with forming one of the earliest Christian communities in Ireland during the mid-fifth century.Other Christian preachers, such as Palladius, probably came from further afield, bringing with them the books and other objects necessary for Christian worship. Schools established at some of the larger church settlements in Ireland became famed for their scholarship and attracted clerics and nobles from across Europe. According the late seventh-century historian, Bede,‘the Irish welcomed them all gladly, gave them their daily food, and also provided them with books to read and instruction, without asking any payment’.The faith and confidence of Irish Christians developed and Irish missionaries took to the seas and rivers of Europe, establishing a network of church-focused settlements at places such as Iona in Scotland, and across continental Europe at places such as Luxeuil (Burgundy, France), St Gall (Switzerland) and Bobbio (Italy).
- tudor conquest and plantation of protestant settlers in ireland (1550s onward), ulster plantation between 1610 and 1640 in particular
- https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/how-was-the-irish-border-drawn-in-the-first-place-1.3789571
- Interface area is the name given in Northern Ireland to areas where segregated nationalist and unionist residential areas meet. They have been defined as "the intersection of segregated and polarised working class residential zones, in areas with a strong link between territory and ethno-political identity".
- Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar called on Friday for the European Union and Britain to find “unique solutions” to their Brexit logjam, including a bespoke customs union. That would solve the problem of a hard border in Ireland once Britain has left the EU, something that is of great concern to Dublin. Varadkar, a new face at EU summits since taking office in June, also suggested Brussels may accede to Britain’s insistence that a post-Brexit body other than the European Court of Justice oversee bilateral issues, such as citizens rights and aviation regulation.http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-brtiain-eu-ireland/ireland-floats-special-eu-uk-customs-union-as-way-to-break-brexit-logjam-idUKKBN1AK122?il=0
- brexit impact- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9770e70c-83a8-11e5-8095-ed1a37d1e096.html Ireland could face a fall in trade with the UK and higher import and energy prices if Britain votes to leave the EU, according to the first detailed study of the implications for Ireland of “Brexit”. The report, published on Thursday by the Dublin-based Economic and Social Research Institute think-tank, also warned that a vote by Britain to leave the EU could hit foreign direct investment into Ireland, as well as complicating relations between the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland.
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21715655-potential-benefits-brexit-dublin-come-dangers-brexit-poses-threat The financing and leasing of aircraft is a peculiarly Irish business. Its origins in the 1970s were as a way for Aer Lingus, the country’s flag-carrier, to exploit its planes during the lean winter seasons. Previously, airlines owned all their aircraft. Leasing allows them to finance rapid expansion or contraction of their fleets without taking on debt. Only 2% of aircraft were leased in 1980. Now over 40% are. For a country of under 5m people, Ireland has made a global success story of leasing. Irish firms manage in excess of 5,000 commercial aircraft, worth over $130bn, accounting for half of all leased planes and a quarter of the fleet globally. Although Irish lessors were once chiefly thought to be used by struggling African airlines unable to get bank loans, says Peter Barrett, the boss of SMBC Aviation Capital, now virtually everyone leases planes. Although Ireland’s first lessor, Guinness Peat Aviation (GPA), collapsed in 1993, Ireland has remained the industry’s global hub. All but one of the world’s 15 largest aircraft lessors have operations there. Patrick Blaney, a former boss of GPA, cites a number of big attractions. Dublin has a ready supply of workers already trained to manage and finance aircraft. It is home to the international registrar of aircraft that enables owners to gain swift repossession of their aircraft if an airline defaults on lease payments. And Ireland’s low-tax regime leavens the industry’s otherwise wafer-thin margins. Ireland’s low corporate-tax rate of 12.5%, generous capital allowances and vast network of double-taxation treaties all offer further help. At first glance, Brexit should have no direct impact on any of these advantages. But it worries the industry. A survey of aircraft-finance executives this month by Deloitte, a consultancy, showed that 38% think Brexit will damage Ireland’s attractiveness as a base for leasing. The proportion was much higher among executives outside Ireland, says Pieter Burger of Deloitte. They know that other financial centres such as Hong Kong and Singapore are aggressively trying to attract lessors away from Dublin with lower tax rates and other incentives. Almost a third of aircraft-finance executives say that they could move operations out of Ireland if it changes its tax policies for the worse. This is where Brexit poses a potential threat to Ireland. France and Germany have long wanted Ireland to align its corporate-tax system with their, much higher rates. After Brexit, Britain, Ireland’s only big ally against European tax harmonisation, will no longer have a seat at the table. Many in Ireland believe the EU is already closing in. They point to the big fine imposed by the European Commission on Apple last year, when the tech giant was accused of paying too little in Irish taxes, and to plans to standardise the rules on how corporate taxes are calculated.
- https://www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2017/1107/918017-coveney-for-five-year-brexit-tranisiton/ Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney has called for the UK's Brexit transition period to extend up to five years after it leaves the European Union in March 2019.
- Ireland’s beef exporters fret over Brexit disruption ft 4jan18
- 一向言論大膽的愛爾蘭總理瓦拉德卡威脅稱，可能會禁止英國的航機飛經愛爾蘭上空，報復英國擬禁愛爾蘭漁民在英國海域捕魚。唐寧街反駁指，在早年簽訂的多邊條約下，愛爾蘭不能說禁就禁。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180722/00180_009.html
Anglo irish
-BEATRIX FRANCES BEAUCLERK, THE DUCHESS OF ST ALBANS AND THE MARCHIONESS OF WATERFORD, WAS BORN LADY BEATRIX FRANCES PETTY-FITZMAURICE IN 1877. SHE WAS A MEMBER OF THE ANGLO-IRISH ARISTOCRACY, AND IN RECOGNITION OF HER WORK AS A HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATOR DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR SHE WAS APPOINTED TO THE ORDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE ORDER OF ST JOHN OF JERUSALEM. SHE DIED IN 1953. SHE IS PICTURED HERE WITH HER DAUGHTER WHO WOULD GO ON TO BE LADY BLANCHE MAUD DE LA POER BERESFORD GIROUARD (1898-1940), AN IRISH JOURNALIST AND WRITER. SHE DIED IN A CAR ACCIDENT IN 1940https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/irish-women-of-the-20th-century-in-glorious-colour-1.4438645
- Frenchpark, historically known as Dungar (Irish: Dún Gar, meaning "the fort of favour"), is a village in County Roscommon, Ireland on the N5 national primary road. It was the home of Douglas Hyde, the first President of Ireland. The nearby French Park Estate was until 1952 the ancestral seat of the French family, Barons de Freyne. The estate was sold to the Irish Land Commission in the 1950s and was dismantled by the mid 1970s. An historic smokehouse is one of the few remaining legacies of this period.
vietnam
- scmp remember a day on a 9aug1979 report - An Irish radio station called the South China Morning Post wanting to find out why 50 Vietnamese refugees had refused to resettle in Eire. When told several incidents of this sort had happened in the past that went unnoticed, radio commentator Kevin Healy was silent. Ireland had offered to take 1,000 refugees from Hong Kong that year.https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3021953/german-man-divorces-wife-because-allergic-reaction-and
China
- ties
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-06/16/content_29767106.htm
- visits by chinese leaders
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/05/19/a10-0519.pdf 李克強在赴拉美四國進行正 式訪問途中，當地時間 17日下午 14時 許，在愛爾蘭香農技術經停，並對愛爾 蘭進行過境訪問。雖然從抵達到離開不 足 24小時，但愛方對這次中國總理過境訪問給予了高規格接待。李克 強參觀了家庭農場，更與愛爾蘭總理肯尼舉行雙邊會談，見證雙方便利 人員往來、農業等領域合作文件的簽署，並共同會見記者。
- CDB Aviation expects to use its newly established global leasing platform to further strengthen its position in the Chinese market, its CEO said. The company is the aviation leasing arm of the State-owned China Development Bank Financial Leasing Co Ltd. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/02/WS5d1ac36ca3103dbf1432b6c6.html
- https://twitter.com/IrlEmbChina/status/1039432965028102145 Irish beef has finally arrived in Beijing and can now be purchased online on http://JD.com ! Great to see the deal between Beijing Hopewise and ABP Food Group coming to fruition
- https://www.independent.ie/business/farming/agri-business/new-irish-beef-plant-gets-seal-of-approval-to-export-to-china-38021268.html A further Irish beef plant has now been approved by the Chinese authorities and listed by GACC, the Chinese General Administration of Customs, the Minister for Agriculture Michael Creed has announced. The Minister said that the approval will mean that there are 12 Irish plants able to export to China- seven beef plants and five pigmeat plants. This announcement follows on from the beef market opening in 2018 and the six Irish beef plants that had already been approved for export. It comes in advance of the Ministerial Trade Mission to China in May.
- investors from ireland
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-10/09/content_22136736.htm CH International Ltd, is basedin Cork, Ireland, but Casey spends most of his time in the air - flying between China,San Francisco and the international conference circuit. Once you find him, Caseyand PCH can help convert a doodle into a consumer product in less than a year. For almost two decades, the Irish CEO has built a network of around 100 trustedfactories in Shenzhen, China's manufacturing heartland, to supply technologycompanies including Apple Inc, Beats Electronics and Xiaomi Corp.
- investors from china (source: invest in europe booklet by eu office to HK and macau)
- Huawei: sales and marketing, international r&d
- ICBC leasing: international leasing operation centre
- SATIR: assembly and testing operation, EU customer service and support centre
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-4013228/BRIEF-Chinese-nuclear-group-CGN-buys-Gaelectrics-Irish-wind-portfolio.html
- frederick o'neill
- student exchange
- Frederick O’Neill lived for 45 years in Faku, a small town in Manchuria. From his arrival in 1897 until his expulsion by the Japanese army, he witnessed and reported the extraordinary events that convulsed China – the Boxer Rebellion, the Great Manchurian Plague, the overthrow of the dynasty and the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. He also served with the China Labour Corps in France in World War One. In Mark O' Neill's book Frederick--The Life of My Missionary Grandfather in Manchuria, the story is told through Frederick’s own words – vivid, analytical and self-critical – and those of the other missionaries who built schools, hospitals and communities as well as churches. https://lib.hku.hk/friends/reading_club/bt2012_05.html
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2016-10/31/content_15518551.html
Macau and hk
- ties
- http://irishchamber.hk/news/connecting-ireland-and-the-pearl-river-delta/
Hong Kong
- official visit
- FS visit to ireland http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201806/01/P2018060100091.htm, http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201806/02/P2018060200059.htm
- 勞工及福利局局長羅致光昨日結束愛爾蘭6天訪問行程，其中曾聯同代表團，參觀都柏林的就業服務和照顧認知障礙症患者的設施。羅致光及社會福利署署長葉文娟亦與愛爾蘭就業和社會保障部長Regina Doherty會面，討論兩地的就業政策和社會福利制度，並就高齡化社會的退休保障制度交流意見。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/07/09/a16-0709.pdf
- heritage
- Bowen road https://m.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988087961270284/?type=3&source=48&__tn__=E
- Kennedy road https://m.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988087017937045/?type=3&source=48&__tn__=E
- Macdonnell rd https://m.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988313224581091/?type=3&source=48&__tn__=E
- Robinson road https://m.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988312264581187/?type=3&source=48&__tn__=E
- Pottinger street https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=987840437961703&id=956934181052329&__tn__=%2As
- Connaught road https://www.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988090281270052/?type=3&theater
- Des voeux rd https://www.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988089314603482/?type=3&theater
- May road https://www.facebook.com/irishfestivalasia/photos/a.966275513451529.1073741828.956934181052329/988090787936668/?type=3&theater
- scmp reports 18sep15 with irish cg in hk
- http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1859164/where-streets-have-irish-names-irelands-first-consul-general
- http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1859257/direct-flights-hong-kong-ireland-would-really-see-bilateral
- will set up consular office in HK (report from SCMP on 16Mar14 http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1449637/ireland-set-open-first-consulate-hong-kong:
- parliament
- 立法會議員葛珮帆（EQ）正好代表香港立法會，喺愛爾蘭出席由愛爾蘭國會女議員團舉辦的第一屆國際國會女議員大會，席間同多國嘅女國會議員都提到懷孕嘅女議員冇產假同埋唔能夠投票嘅問題。睇嚟議員冇產假嘅問題，真係各國都有呀！http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180911/00176_084.html
- hk police
- https://www.blacksmithbooks.com/books/policing-hong-kong-irish-history/ Using family records and memories alongside extensive research in Hong Kong, Ireland and London, Patricia O’Sullivan tells the story of these policemen and the criminals they dealt with. This book also gives a rare glimpse into the day-to-day life of working-class Europeans at the time, as it follows the Newmarket men, their wives and families, from their first arrival in 1864 through to 1941 and beyond. “This groundbreaking book is a story of life, death, and crime in colonial Hong Kong. It is also an account of an important part of Hong Kong’s population that has eluded most historians: the European working class. With an arsenal of previously untapped materials in Ireland, Britain and Hong Kong, Patricia O’Sullivan tells the remarkable tales of the families who built their own ‘little Ireland’ in Hong Kong.” –
- immigration
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20160825/00176_042.html 愛爾蘭國際商貿中心昨發布新投資移民計劃，歡迎本港投資者投入五十萬或以上歐元，參與愛爾蘭首間華人辦學團體的大專院校擴展計劃，投資後約五年便可移民當地。項目負責人稱，今年多了家長因憂慮香港政治和時局發展，在查詢子女升學前程並了解投資移民計劃。
- 愛爾蘭地產開發商Bartra亞洲區總監James Hartshorn稱，愛爾蘭政府認可項目包括興建公屋和護老院，客戶可選擇貸款予該公司在當地興建公屋，3年後獲退還本金；又或貸款予他們興建護老院，客戶5年後獲退還本金兼有4%年利息。兩個方案都可讓申請者取得愛爾蘭居留身份。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20191029/00269_001.html
- Enterprise Ireland and Invest Hong Kong are co-hosting a seminar on “Connecting Ireland and Hong Kong as Financial Services and Aviation Hubs” in The Westin Hotel on the afternoon of 31 May. The Hong Kong Financial Secretary, Mr Paul Chan, will give the keynote address and we will have Musheer Ahmed of the FinTech Association of Hong Kong and Stanley Hui Hon Chung of the Hong Kong Aircraft Leasing and Aviation Finance Association speaking.https://www.facebook.com/hkirishchamber/photos/pcb.1970759359662734/1970757706329566/?type=3
- delegation to hk
- The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Ms Críona Ní Dhálaigh, started her visit to Hong Kong and Macau today to strengthen the economic and cultural partnerships between Ireland, Hong Kong and Macau. During the busy 4 day visit, she will meet with the Hong Kong Chief Secretary, Mrs Carrie Lam, and the Macau Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture, Mr Alexis Tam. Besides, she will attend a series of cultural and economic events as part of the first ever Hong Kong & Macau Irish Festival.https://www.facebook.com/Consulate-General-of-IrelandHong-Kong-Macau-1704742189740538/?fref=nf
- 行政長官林鄭月娥昨日上午在行政長官辦公室與訪港的愛爾蘭副總理兼外交貿易部部長西蒙．科文尼會面。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/03/13/a11-0313.pdf
- John Joseph Francis K.C. (25 April 1839 – 22 September 1901) was a senior counsel in British Colony of Hong Kong and the first elected member of the Sanitary Board.
- No. 23 Coombe Road is the designation of a historical building on Coombe Road, The Peak, Hong Kong. It was called Stonyhurst when first built in 1887, changed its name to Glen Iris and is now known as Carrick. It is one of the oldest surviving European houses on the Peak. It has been a Grade I Historic Building since 2011.The house was designed as a private luxury house used for residential purpose. Its first owner was John Joseph Francis who purchased the plot of land on No. 23 Coombe Road in March 1886. In the following year he built his house and named it ‘Stonyhurst’, after Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England, where he had been educated and afterwards intended to enter the Roman Catholic priesthood.After Francis's death in 1901, No. 23 Coombe Road changed hands a number of times. Its owners were, in succession, J. J. Francis (1886–1901), The China Fire Insurance Co. Ltd., Ahmet Rumjahn (1903–10), J. J. B. (1910–18), D. V. Falcorner (1918–21), The Hongkong Electric Co. Ltd. (1921–76), Cavendish Property Development Ltd. (1976–93) and then Juli May Ltd. The house was renamed as ‘Glen Iris’ in 1919 until 1972/73 when it was renamed as ‘Carrick’ – a name that has been adopted since then.
- 行政長官會同行政會議通過政府與甘道廿三號大宅業主進行非原址換地，以保育該幢一級歷史建築，活化供公眾使用。根據換地協議，業主把甘道廿三號大宅及整個地段交予政府，同時，政府把鄰近綠化地帶一幅面積相同，即約一千一百平方米地段批予業主，發展私人住宅。大宅現時業主為長江和記實業有限公司附屬公司Juli May Limited。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180328/00176_072.html
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160402/PDF/b9_screen.pdf 跑馬地天主教聖彌額爾墳場的下葬者中，有一名隨皇家炮兵赴華的愛爾蘭人名法蘭些士，他於一八五九年退役，留港工作，其後赴英攻讀法律，一八七七年成為大律師。他在港督軒尼詩邀請下起草保護婦女及幼童的章程，促成保良局成立。鼠疫爆發後他獲港督羅便臣委任為潔淨局抗疫委員會主席，終將疫情控制。 在歷任港督中，既是愛爾蘭人又信奉天主教的只有軒尼詩一人。他於一八七七年履新，三年後委任伍廷芳為首位立法局華人非官守議員，並准許華人申請歸化英籍。他改革獄政，廢除公開執行笞刑，這些法令曾使居港的英國人感到不滿。
- hk people in ireland
- Councillor Hazel Chu was elected the 352nd Lord Mayor of Dublin at the Annual Meeting of Dublin City Council held on 29th June 2020 in the Round Room at the Mansion House. Councillor Mary Callaghan was elected the Deputy Lord Mayor.Hazel Chu was born and raised in Dublin. She grew up in the suburb of Firhouse, before moving to Celbridge, and now lives in Ranelagh with her partner Patrick and their 2 year old daughter Alex.She first became involved in politics in 2014, when she ran her partner's local election campaign. In 2019, she became the first Green Party councillor to be elected in the local elections for the ward of Pembroke and topped the poll with over 4,000 first preference votes. In the same year she was elected Chair of the Party.She studied politics and history in UCD and trained to be a barrister at Kings Inns. While studying she worked as a fundraising consultant for non-profits and as a production manager for music festivals. After being called to the Bar in 2007 she worked in Sydney, Hong Kong and Guilin. Upon returning home she was offered a Fellowship by UCD Smurfit and worked in New York for Bord Bia. She has worked in various management roles and in 2013 became Diageo's Head of Brand, Corporate and Trade Communications.Councillor Chu was the first person in her family to finish school and go to college. Her parents are from Hong Kong. They met in Ireland in the 1970s. https://irishchamberhk.glueup.com/event/an-audience-with-lord-mayor-of-dublin-hazel-chu-36971/#home-more
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180220/00269_002.html愛爾蘭時裝設計Intern
港人Irene每年均隨丈夫往返愛爾蘭，並打算待小孩到在學年齡，便會舉家移民，正式定居。她表示，他們在愛爾蘭的居所位於第二大城市科克，但所認識的港人大多居住在都柏林，當中大部分都是與自己一樣是愛爾蘭人妻，主要是家庭主婦。據她了解，當地大部分華人主要從事餐館或家族式生意，故有不少亞洲超市，即使偶爾思鄉，也能購買亞洲食材回家烹調。 - https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20191029/00269_002.html
- Eunice婚後跟隨從事科研的丈夫搬到瑞典居住了數年，其後因丈夫的工作機遇，二人一起搬到愛爾蘭首都都柏林居住，迄今住了兩年。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20201123/00269_001.html
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160417/PDF/a19_screen.pdf George Bernard Shaw visit to hk
- interview with irish cg in hk and the new hk office hkej 21oct14 c3
Ireland set to open first consulate in Hong Kong
PUBLISHED : Sunday, 16 March, 2014, 4:46am
Lana Lam lana.lam@scmp.com
Brendan Howlin is opening doors for Ireland. Photo: K. Y. Cheng
Ireland will open its first diplomatic mission in Hong Kong this year in a bid to increase its presence in Asia amid its recovery from one of the country's darkest economic periods in recent history.
"Part of our recovery strategy is to look at key parts of the world where we want to professionalise and deepen our reputation," said Brendan Howlin, the country's Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform.
The consulate will be staffed by a consul general and deputy consul with two or three local support staff. No date has been set for the official opening.
In mainland China there are about 2,000 Irish nationals, mainly living in Beijing and Shanghai.
Howlin identified tourism as a key growth area as last year Ireland had just 18,000 visitors from mainland China and Hong Kong out of a total of eight million tourists.
Education was another target area, he said. Currently, there are about 2,500 students from China in Ireland, with about the same number of Irish students in China.
He admitted that they were "playing catch-up" in terms of strengthening ties with China and other parts of Asia, with a new embassy set to open in Jakarta this year.
Ireland is hoping to increase exports to China of Irish cheeses, butter and milk, as well as Guinness and Irish whiskey.
"We see China as the emerging world's largest economy and with terrific growth rates of 7.5 per cent, we look enviously at it."
While Ireland may be green with envy at China's growth rates, the Emerald Isle will make its own mark on China tomorrow when a section of the Great Wall will be bathed in green light to mark St Patrick's Day.
Event
- Galway Oyster and Seafood Festival http//galwayoysterfestival.com
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