The Basic Laws of Israel (Hebrew: חוקי היסוד, ħuqey ha-yesod) are the constitutional laws of the State of Israel. These laws deal with the formation and role of the principal institutions of the state, and with the relations between the state's authorities. They also protect civil rights, although some of these rights were earlier protected at common law by the Supreme Court of Israel.[1] The Basic Laws are intended to be draft chapters of the future Israeli constitution, postponed since 1950, and act as a de facto constitution until their future incorporation into a formal, unitary, written constitution. Israel as of 2017 functions according to an uncodified constitution consisting of both material constitutional law, based upon cases and precedents, common law, and the provisions of these formal statutes. The Basic Laws do not cover all constitutional issues, and there is no deadline set for the completion of the process of merging them into one comprehensive constitution. There is no clear rule determining the precedence of Basic Rules over regular legislation, and in many cases this issue is left to interpretation by the judicial system.
- The Israeli Declaration of Independence stated that a formal constitution will be formulated and adopted no later than 1 October 1948. The deadline stated in the declaration of independence proved unrealistic in light of the war between the new state and its Arab neighbors. General elections were arranged on 25 January 1949, in order to elect the Constituent Assembly which would approve the new state's constitution. The Constituent Assembly convened on February 1949. It held several discussions about the constitution without reaching an agreement. For a number of reasons, Israel's first prime-minister, David Ben-Gurion, did not wish to create a constitution. After only four meetings, the Constituent Assembly adopted on 16 February 1949, the Transition Law, by which means it became the "First Knesset" The Knesset is, therefore, one of three sovereign parliaments in the world that are not bound by a codified constitution; the Parliaments of the United Kingdom and of New Zealand are the others. Because the Constituent Assembly did not prepare a constitution for Israel, the Knesset is the heir of the Assembly for the purpose of fulfilling this function.
The Law of Return (Hebrew: חֹוק הַשְׁבוּת, ḥok ha-shvūt) is Israeli legislation, passed on 5 July 1950, that gives Jews the right of return and the right to live in Israel and to gain Israeli citizenship. In 1970, the right of entry and settlement was extended to people with one Jewish grandparent or people married to a Jew, although they were not considered Jewishunder Jewish law.
Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People (Hebrew: חוק יסוד: ישראל - מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי), informally known as the Nation-State Bill or the Nationality Bill,[1] is an Israeli Basic Law which specifies the nature of the State of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people.
Government
- The Ministry of Economy http://economy.gov.il/
- The Ministry of Economy was founded at 1949 as the Ministry Industry and included divisions and units related to commerce and employment as well. The Ministry changed its name several times to reflect changes in responsibilities and emphases over the years for various political and functional reasons. During the first thirty years of its existence, the ministry was named The Ministry of Commerce and Industry. In 1978, the name changed to the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Three years later, a separate Ministry of Tourism was established and the ministry was renamed once again, becoming the Ministry of Industry and Trade, a name that indicated the priority given to industry over trade. In 2003, Ehud Olmert was appointed Minister of the expanded ministry that now also included the Ministry of Labor (which had previously been part of the Ministry of Labor and Welfare) and the ministry became the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor. In 2013, Naftali Bennet was appointed the minister and the ministry name had changed to its current name, the Ministry of Economy.
- http://www.moital.gov.il/ The Foreign Trade Administration (FTA) at the Ministry of Economy manages and directs Israel's international trade policy. The FTA promotes Israel's economy through a number of avenues: initiating and overseeing trade agreements, promoting Israel's exports, and fostering robust relations between Israel and foreign industries. The FTA is divided into three main divisions, each promoting the Israeli economy in distinct and significant ways. The Trade Policy and International Agreements Division facilitates Israel's free trade Agreements, maintains and develops inter-governmental trade relations and addresses regulatory barriers that affect the Israeli industry. The Export Promotion Division works to ensure the continued advancement of Israel's exports. The International Projects and Financing Division, the newest Division, offers different programs that support Israeli companies in their business operations abroad.
- ministry of tourism www.tourism.gov.il
- Mossad (Hebrew: הַמוֹסָד, IPA: [ha moˈsad]; Arabic: الموساد, al-Mōsād, IPA: [almoːˈsaːd]; literally meaning "the Institute"), short for HaMossad leModiʿin uleTafkidim Meyuḥadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, meaning "Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations"), is the national intelligence agency of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism. In contrast to the government and military, the goals, structure and powers of the Mossad are exempt from the Basic Laws of Israel. However, its activity is subject to secret procedures that have never been published. Its director reports directly to the Prime Minister. Its counter-terrorist unit is known as Kidon.
- unit 8200
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/69f150da-25b8-11e5-bd83-71cb60e8f08c.html Former insiders and whistle-blowers provide a view of the formidable military intelligence outfit
Acre (/ˈɑːkər/ or /ˈeɪkər/, Hebrew: עַכּוֹ,ʻAkko, most commonly spelled as Akko;Arabic: عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the northern coastal plain region of the Northern District, Israel at the northern extremity ofHaifa Bay. The city occupies an important location, as it sits on the coast of theMediterranean Sea, traditionally linking the waterways and commercial activity with the Levant. The important land routes meeting here are the north-south one following the coast and the road cutting inland through the Plain of Esdraelon; Acre also benefits from one of the very rare natural harbours on the coast of the Land of Israel. This location helped it become one of the oldest cities in the world, continuously inhabited since the Middle Bronze Age some 4000 years ago.
Ashdod (Hebrew:
אַשְׁדּוֹד; Arabic: أشدود Isdud) is the sixth-largest city and the largest port in Israel accounting for 60% of the country's imported goods. Modern Ashdod covers the territory of two ancient twin towns, one inland and one on the coast, which were for most of their history two separate entities, connected though by close ties with each other. This article deals with these historic towns, including other ancient nearby sites, and modern Ashdod. The first documented urban settlement at Ashdod dates to the Canaanite culture of the 17th century BCE,[2]making the city one of the oldest in the world. Ashdod is mentioned 13 times in the Bible. During its pre-1956 history the city was settled by Philistines, Israelites, Greek colonists coming in the wake of Alexander's conquests, Romans and Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, and Ottoman Turks. Modern Ashdod was established in 1956 on the sand hills near the site of the ancient town, and incorporated as a city in 1968, with a land-area of approximately 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). Being a planned city, expansion followed a main development plan, which facilitated traffic and prevented air pollution in the residential areas, despite population growth. Ashdod today is home to the largest Moroccan Jewish community in Israel, the largest Karaite Jewishcommunity in Israel,[6] and the largest Georgian Jewish community in the world.
貝特謝安 Beit She'an (Hebrew: בֵּית שְׁאָן Beth Šəān (help·info); Arabic: بيسان Bisān (help·info))[2] is a city in the Northern District of Israel which has played an important role in history due to its geographical location at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley. In the Biblical account of the battle of the Israelites against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa,[3] the bodies of King Saul and three of his sons were hung on the walls of Beit She'an (1 Samuel 31:10-12).[4] In Roman times, Beit She'an was the leading city of the Decapolis. In modern times, Beit She'an serves as a regional center for the settlements in the Beit She'an Valley. The ancient city ruins are now protected within the Beit She'an National Park.
- According to the Hebrew Bible, around 1000 BCE the town became part of the larger Israelite kingdom under the rule of David and Solomon. 1 Kings 4:12 refers to Beit She'an as part of the kingdom of Solomon, though the historical accuracy of this list is debated.[20] An Iron Age I (1200-1000 BCE) Canaanite city was constructed on the site of the Egyptian center shortly after its destruction. The Assyrian conquest of the northern kingdom of Israel under Tiglath-Pileser III (732 BCE) brought about the destruction of Beit She'an by fire. Minimal reoccupation occurred until the Hellenistic period. According to the Hebrew Bible, around 1100 BCE Canaanite Beit She'an was conquered by the Philistines, who used it as a base of operations for further penetrations into Israel proper. During a subsequent battle against King Saul at nearby Mount Gilboa in 1004 BC, the Philistines prevailed and Saul together with three of his sons, Jonathan, Abinadab and Malchishua, died in battle (1 Samuel 31; 1 Chronicles 10). 1 Samuel 31:10 states that "the victorious Philistines hung the body of King Saul on the walls of Beit She'an". King David was able to capture Beit Shea'an in a series of brilliant military campaigns that expelled the Philistines from the area, pushing them back to their southern coastal strongholds.The Hellenistic period saw the reoccupation of the site of Beit She'an under the new name "Scythopolis" (Ancient Greek: Σκυθόπολις), possibly named after the Scythian mercenaries who settled there as veterans. Little is known about the Hellenistic city, but during the 3rd century BCE a large temple was constructed on the tell.[22] It is unknown which deity was worshipped there, but the temple continued to be used during Roman times. Graves dating from the Hellenistic period are simple, singular rock-cut tombs.[23] From 301 to 198 BCE the area was under the control of the Ptolemies, and Beit She'an is mentioned in 3rd–2nd century BCE written sources describing the Syrian Wars between the Ptolemid and Seleucid dynasties. In 198 BCE the Seleucids finally conquered the region. The town played a role after the Maccabean Revolt: Josephus records that the Jewish High Priest Jonathan was killed there by Demetrius II Nicator.[24] The city was destroyed by fire at the end of the 2nd century BCE.In 63 BCE, Pompey made Judea a part of the Roman empire. Beit She'an was refounded and rebuilt by Gabinius.[26] The town center shifted from the summit of the mound, or tell, to its slopes. Scythopolis prospered and became the leading city of the Decapolis, the only one west of the Jordan River. The city flourished under the "Pax Romana", as evidenced by high-level urban planning and extensive construction, including the best preserved Roman theatre of ancient Samaria, as well as a hippodrome, a cardo and other trademarks of the Roman influence. Mount Gilboa, 7 km (4 mi) away, provided dark basalt blocks, as well as water (via an aqueduct) to the town. Beit She'an is said to have sided with the Romans during the Jewish uprising of 66 CE.Under the Mandate, the city was the center of the District of Baysan. According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Beit She'an (Baisan) had a population of 1,941, consisting of 1,687 Muslims, 41 Jews and 213 Christians. In 1934, Lawrence of Arabia noted that "Bisan is now a purely Arab village," where "very fine views of the river can be had from the housetops." He further noted that "many nomad and Bedouin encampments, distinguished by their black tents, were scattered about the riverine plain, their flocks and herds grazing round them."[2] Beisan was home to a mainly Mizrahi Jewish community of 95 until 1936, when the 1936–1939 Arab revolt saw Beisan serve as a center of Arab attacks on Jews in Palestine.From 1969, Beit She'an was a target for Katyusha rockets and mortar attacks from Jordan.[53] In the 1974 Beit She'an attack, militants of the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, took over an apartment building and murdered a family of four. In 1999, Beit She'an was incorporated as a city.[54] Geographically, it lies in the middle of the Beit She'an Valley Regional Council. Beit She'an was the hometown and political power base of David Levy, a prominent figure in Israeli politics.Beth Šəān (help·info); Arabic: بيسان Bisān (help·info))[2] is a city in the Northern District of Israel which has played an important role in history due to its geographical location at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley. In the Biblical account of the battle of the Israelites against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa,[3] the bodies of King Saul and three of his sons were hung on the walls of Beit She'an (1 Samuel 31:10-12).[4] In Roman times, Beit She'an was the leading city of the Decapolis. In modern times, Beit She'an serves as a regional center for the settlements in the Beit She'an Valley. The ancient city ruins are now protected within the Beit She'an National Park.海法 Haifa (Hebrew: חֵיפָה Ḥefa [χei̯ˈfa, ˈχai̯fa]; Arabic: حيفا Ḥayfa)[2] is the third-largest city in Israel – after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).[6] In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites, Israelites, Phoenicians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and the British. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Haifa Municipality has governed the city.
- The ultimate origin of the name Haifa remains unclear. One theory holds it derives from the name of the high priest Caiaphas. Some Christians believe it was named for Saint Peter, whose Aramaic name was Keiphah.[11] Another theory holds it could be derived from the Hebrew verb root חפה (hafa), meaning to cover or shield, i.e. Mount Carmel covers Haifa;[11] others point to a possible origin in the Hebrew word חוֹף (hof), meaning "shore", or חוֹף יָפֶה (hof yafe), meaning "beautiful shore".[11][12]
Other spellings in English included Caipha, Kaipha, Caiffa, Kaiffa and Khaifa.The earliest named settlement within the area of modern-day Haifa was a city known as Sycaminum.[14] The remains of the ancient town can be found in a coastal tell, or archaeological mound, known in Hebrew as Tel Shikmona,[15] meaning "mound of the Ficus sycomorus", and in Arabic as Tell el-Semak or Tell es-Samak, meaning "mound of the sumak trees", names that preserved and transformed the ancient name, by which the town is mentioned once in the Mishnah (composed c. 200 CE) for the wild fruits that grow around it. The name Efa first appears during Roman rule, some time after the end of the 1st century, when a Roman fortress and small Jewish settlement were established not far from Tel Shikmona.[14][15] Haifa is also mentioned more than 100 times in the Talmud, a work central to Judaism.[15] Hefa or Hepha in Eusebius of Caesarea's 4th-century work, Onomasticon (Onom. 108, 31), is said to be another name for Sycaminus.[17] This synonymizing of the names is explained by Moshe Sharon, who writes that the twin ancient settlements, which he calls Haifa-Sycaminon, gradually expanded into one another, becoming a twin city known by the Greek names Sycaminon or Sycaminos Polis.[15] References to this city end with the Byzantine period. Around the 6th century, Porphyreon or Porphyrea is mentioned in the writings of William of Tyre, and while it lies within the area covered by modern Haifa, it was a settlement situated south of Haifa-Sycaminon.[6][15] Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Haifa was used to refer to a site established on Tel Shikmona upon what were already the ruins of Sycaminon (Shiqmona).[15] Haifa (or Haifah) is mentioned by the mid-11th-century Persian chronicler Nasir Khusraw, and the 12th- and 13th-century Arab chroniclers, Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.[18] The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in the 12th century, call it Caiphas,[14] and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of Simon Peter.[16] Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas,[19] and Benjamin of Tudela, the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the city's founding to Caiaphas, the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus.
Bnei Brak (Hebrew: בְּנֵי בְרַק
(audio) (help·info), bənê ḇəraq) is a city located on the central Mediterranean coastal plain in Israel, just east of Tel Aviv. A center of Ultra Orthodox Judaism. Bnei Brak takes its name from the ancient Biblical city of Beneberak, mentioned in the Tanakh (Joshua 19:45) in a long list of towns of ancient Judea. The name is also cited by some as continuing the name of the Palestinian village of Ibn Ibraq ("Son of Ibraq/Barak") which was located 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) to the south of where Bnei Barak was founded in 1924. Bnei Brak was founded as an agricultural village by Yitzchok Gerstenkorn and a group of Polish chasidim. Due to a lack of land, many of the founders turned to other occupations and the village began to develop an urban character. Arye Mordechai Rabinowicz, formerly rabbi of Kurów in Poland, was the first rabbi. He was succeeded by Rabbi Yosef Kalisz, a scion of the Vurker dynasty. The town was set up as a religious settlement from the outset, as is evident from this description of the pioneers: "Their souls were revived by the fact that they merited what their predecessors had not. What particularly revived their weary souls in the mornings and toward evening, when they would gather in the beis medrash situated in a special shack which was built immediately upon the arrival of the very first settlers, for tefilla betzibbur (communal prayer) three times a day, for the Daf Yomi shiur, and a Gemara shiur and an additional one in Mishnayos and the Shulchan Oruch." Bnei Brak is home to Israel's first women-only department store., only one example of gender segregation in what is viewed as an ultra-orthodox city. Bnei Brak was home to one of the original gender segregated bus lines that Israel's courts ruled were illegal. Mehadrin bus lines (Hebrew: קו מהדרין) were a type of bus line in Israel that mostly ran in and/or between major Haredi population centers and in which gender segregation and other rigid religious rules observed by some ultra-Orthodox Jews were applied until 2011. In these sex-segregated buses, female passengers sat in the back of the bus and entered and exited the bus through the back door if possible, while the male passengers sat in the front part of the bus and entered and exited through the front door.[12] Additionally, "modest dress" was often required for women, playing a radio or secular music on the bus was avoided, advertisements were censored.- As part of the publicity campaign for the new film "Smurfs: The Lost Village" launched on Sunday, the PR company Mirka'im – Hutzot Zahav censored the image of a female smurf from billboards in Bnei Brak. The smurfette does appear alongside three male counterparts on other billboards throughout the country. The company distributing the movie, Forum Film, said that the PR company decided not to hang the original poster in Bnei Brak in order not to harm residents' sensibilities, adding that it is not accepted practice for images of women to appear on the city's billboards.
read more: http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.779813
Jaffa or Yafo (Hebrew: יפו,
Yāfō ; Arabic: يَافَا, also calledJapho or Joppa), is the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is famous for its association with the biblical stories of Jonah, Solomonand Saint Peter as well as the mythological story ofAndromeda and Perseus.jerusalem
- The Jerusalem Islamic Waqf is an Islamic religious trust (sometimes called an "Islamic Religious Endowments" organization) best known for controlling and managing the current Islamic edifices on and around the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock.[1] Some form or another of the waqf has governed access to the Haram esh-Sharif since the Muslim reconquest of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187, with the latest version instituted by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after its conquest of the West Bank and East Jerusalem during the 1948 war.[2] Accordingly, the King of Jordan currently supplies all of the funding needed to operate the waqf, which is in effect the civil administration for the holy site. Israel occupied the Old City of Jerusalem during the Six-Day War of June 1967. After the end of hostilities, Israel allowed the waqf to retain authority over the Haram esh-Sharif. The waqf administration is headed by a director (or sometimes "director-general") who runs the civil administration for the holy sites. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is in charge of Islamic religious affairs at the site. The Supreme Muslim Council is the Islamic judicial body governing affairs under Islamic law within Israel. The Palestinian Authority has parallel organizations claiming interest in these same matters (i.e., the Ministry of Islamic Waqf at the Palestinian Authority,[5] the Palestinian Authority Grand Mufti, or the Palestinian Supreme Fatwa Council), and those are not to be confused with those recognized by Israel, even if some of the same people hold both offices.
Masada (Hebrew: מצדה metsada, "fortress") is an ancient fortification in the Southern District of Israel situated on top of an isolated rock plateau, akin to a mesa. Herod the Great built palaces for himself on the mountain and fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BCE. According to Josephus, the siege of Masadaby troops of the Roman Empire at the end of the First Jewish–Roman War ended in the mass suicide of 960 people, the Sicarii rebels and their families hiding there.
- Almost all historical information about Masada comes from the first-century Jewish Romanhistorian Josephus.
Salem or Salim (Arabic: سالم, Hebrew: סאלם) is an Arab village in Israel's Haifa District. The village is in the Wadi Ara area of the northern Triangle, 4 kilometers northeast of Umm al-Fahm. Since 1996, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Ma'ale Iron local council.[2] According to the 2008 census there were 1,600 residents in the village, predominantly Muslims. Pottery from the Persian[5] and the Hellenistic era have been found, and a rock-hewn installation has been excavated from the latter period. Pottery and coins have been also been found from the Roman period,[7] in addition to pottery from the Byzantine,[7][8] early Islamic and Mamluk period.Salem is one of the villages of Wadi Ara that lacked municipal status after the establishment of Israel.[21] and was under the administration of mukhtars (village headmen) who were appointed by the Interior Ministry.[22] and salem's muckhtar was named Taleb Abu Bakr[4] These mukhtars administrated the village until 1992, when the Interior Ministry established the Nahal Iron regional council, uniting it with seven other Arab villages. Salem was one of the two villages that cooperated with the council, while the other villages objected to the administrative arrangement and sought independent municipal status for each village. During this period most of the existing roads in Salem were paved. To allay local concerns in other villages, the Interior Ministry established an investigative committee to examine other options, and in 1996, decided to split the regional council into two local councils: Ma'ale Iron, which includes Salem, and Basma.
Qumran (Hebrew: קומראן; Arabic: خربة قمران Khirbet Qumran) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park. It is located on a dry plateau about 1.5 km (1 mi) from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, near the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalya. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of John Hyrcanus, 134–104 BCE or somewhat later, and was occupied most of the time until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.
- De Vaux interpreted his findings at Qumran based (at least in part) upon information in the Dead Sea Scrolls—which continued to be discovered in the nearby caves throughout his excavations. De Vaux concluded that the remains at Qumran were left by a sectarian religious community. Using his excavations as well as textual sources, including the Dead Sea Scrolls and the historical accounts recorded by Pliny the Elder, Philo, and Flavius Josephus, De Vaux's conclusion was that the inhabitants of the site were a sect of highly ritualistic Jews called the Essenes, a conclusion that has come to be known as the "Qumran–Essene hypothesis".[22] This hypothesis suggests that the original residents of the settlement were the Essenes, and that they established the site in the desert for religious purposes. He interpreted the room above locus 30 as a "scriptorium" because he discovered inkwells there. A plastered bench was also discovered in the remains of an upper story. De Vaux concluded that this was the area where the Essenes could have written some of the Dead Sea Scrolls. De Vaux also interpreted locus 77 as a "refectory", or a community dining hall, based on the discovery of numerous sets of bowls in the nearby "pantry" of locus 89. Additionally, de Vaux interpreted many of the numerous stepped cisterns as "miqva’ot", or Jewish ritual baths, due to their similarity to several stepped and partitioned ritual baths near the Jerusalem Temple Mount. Regarding the scrolls De Vaux cautiously stated that "manuscripts were copied in the scriptorium of Qumran... We may also suppose... that certain works were composed at Khirbet Qumran. But beyond this we cannot go."[23] He believed that the Essenes later hid the scrolls in the nearby caves when they felt their safety was in danger. Roland de Vaux died in 1971 without having provided a full report on the excavations at Qumran.[24][25] In 1986 the École Biblique appointed the Belgian archaeologist Robert Donceel to the task of publishing the final results of de Vaux's excavations. Preliminary findings were presented at a conference in New York in 1992,[26] but a final report never eventuated.
Tiberias (/taɪˈbɪəriəs/; Hebrew: טְבֶרְיָה, Tveria,
(audio) (help·info); Arabic: طبرية, Ṭabariyyah) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. Established around 20 CE, it was named in honour of the 2nd Emperor of the Roman Empire Tiberius.Tiberias was held in great respect in Judaism from the middle of the 2nd century CE[3] and since the 16th century has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed.Jewish tradition holds that Tiberias was built on the site of the ancient Israelite village of Rakkath or Rakkat, first mentioned in the Book of Joshua.[6][7] In Talmudic times, the Jews still referred to it by this name.- The city of Tiberias has been almost entirely Jewish since 1948. Many In 1959, during Wadi Salib riots, the "Union des Nords-africains led by David Ben Haroush, organised a large-scale procession walking towards the nice suburbs of Haifa creating little damages but a great fear within the population. This small incident was taken as an occasion to express the social malaise of the different Oriental communities in Israel and riots spread quickly to other parts of the country; mostly in towns with a high percentage of the population having North African origins like in Tiberias, in Beer-Sheva, in Migdal-Haemek[55]".
- Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Judea c. 750–950 CE. They wrote in the form of Tiberian vocalization,[1] which employed diacritics added to the Hebrew letters: vowel signs and consonant diacritics (nequdot) and the so-called accents (two related systems of cantillation signs or te'amim). These together with the marginal notes masora magna and masora parva make up the Tiberian apparatus.
- UCLA’s URL, University Research Library would enable you to see with your own eyes some results of Jewish/Arabic interaction - you can find there Hebrew books written with the Arabic alphabet, with Tiberian style punctuation, as well as Arabic books written in Aramaic (Hebrew) letters, usually with Arabic pointing on the Hebrew letters.https://www.quora.com/Was-Hebrew-ever-written-in-the-Arabic-alphabet-if-so-then-is-there-a-book-of-Hebrew-written-in-the-Arabic-alphabet
錫安山(希伯來語：הַר צִיוֹן, Har Tsiyyon; 英語：Mount Zion)，又稱郇山，天主教聖經漢語譯本譯作熙雍 Mount Zion (Hebrew: הַר צִיּוֹן, Har Tsiyyon; Arabic: جبل صهيون, Jabal Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill. In a wider sense, the term is also used for the entire Land of Israel.
- The Tanakh reference to Har Tzion (Mount Tzion) that identifies its location is derived from the Psalm 48 composed by the sons of Korah, i.e. Levites, as "the northern side of the city of the great king", which Radak interprets as the City of David "from the City of David, which is Zion (1 Kings 8:1-2; 2 Chron. 5:2)".[18] 2 Samuel 5:7 also reads, "David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David," which identifies Mount Tzion as part of the City of David, and not an area outside today's Old City of Jerusalem. Rashi identifies the location as the source of "joy" mentioned in the Psalm as the Temple Courtyard, the location of atonement offerings in the northern part of the Temple complex. In the New Testament, Mount Zion is used metaphorically to refer to the heavenly Jerusalem, God’s holy, eternal city. Christians are said to have “ . . . come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels, to the general assembly and church of the firstborn who are registered in heaven” (Hebrews 12:22-23 cf. Revelation 14:1).
- according to 温洲基督教編年史, 秦人到郇山was mentioned in 西國old testament, that was during western han dynasty and before birth of christ
Association
- The Israel Science Foundation (ISF) is a nonprofit organization that provides monetary grants for scientific research in Israel. It is the Israeli analogue of scientific funding bodies in other countries such as the US National Science Foundation or the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. It is administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Its annual budget is 142 million USD.[1] The majority of ISF funding comes from the Government of Israel.[2] The foundation was created in 1972 as the Branch for Basic Research and assumed its present name in 1991.
- Israel Association of Electronics and Software Industries http://www.iaesi.org.il/
- israeli robotics association
- http://en.israelidiamond.co.il/ a non-profit, public interest company, which represents all organizations and institutions involved in the Israeli Diamond Industry.
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151121/PDF/b16_screen.pdf diplomat column on buying israeli diamond
- Balad (Hebrew: בָּלַ"ד, an acronym for Brit Le'umit Demokratit (Hebrew: בְּרִית לְאֻמִּית דֵּמוֹקְרָטִית, lit. National Democratic Assembly; Arabic: التجمع الوطني الديمقراطي, translit. at-Tajamuʿ al-Waṭanī ad-Dīmuqrāṭī or بلد, lit. Country or Nation) is an Israeli Arab political party in Israel led by Jamal Zahalka.[5] It is sometimes called the "National Democratic Alliance". Balad is a political party[7] whose stated purpose is the "struggle to transform the state of Israel into a democracy for all its citizens, irrespective of national or ethnic identity".[8] It opposes the idea of Israel as a solely Jewish state, and supports its recasting as a binational state. Balad also advocates that the state of Israel recognize Palestinian Arabs as a national minority, entitled to all rights that come with that status including autonomy in education, culture and media.[8] Since the party's formation, it has objected to every proposed state budget on the grounds that they have discriminated against the Arab population.
- hkej 28dec17 shum article
Company
- Teva www.teva.com
- bank
- *******Bank Leumi (Hebrew: בנק לאומי, lit. National Bank) is an Israeli bank. It was founded on February 27, 1902, in Jaffa as the Anglo Palestine Company as subsidiary of the Jewish Colonial Trust (Jüdische Kolonialbank) Limited[2]:p.19 formed before in London by members of the Zionist movement to promote the industry, construction, agriculture, and infrastructure of the land hoped to ultimately become Israel. Today, Bank Leumi is Israel's largest bank (by total assets as of 2015), with overseas offices in Luxembourg,[3] US, Switzerland, the UK, Mexico, Uruguay, Romania, Jersey, and China.Though nationalized in 1981, now Bank Leumi is mainly in private hands, with the government as the largest single shareholder, with 14.8% of the stock (as of June 2006).[5] The other major shareholders are Shlomo Eliyahu and Branea Invest, which each hold 10% of the stock, constituting the control core of the bank. Sixty percent of the bank's stocks are held by the public and traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
- The Jewish Colonial Trust (Jüdische Kolonialbank), predecessor to the present Bank Leumi was founded at the Second Zionist Congress in Basel and incorporated in London in 1899 as the financial instrument of the Zionist Organization.[2]:p.19 The initial capital raised—a total of £395,000—fell far short of the £8 million target; Nahum Sokolow in 1919 wrote: "The British East Africa Company, which administered 200,000 square miles, began with the same amount £250,000." The bank's activities in Palestine were carried out by the Anglo-Palestine Bank, a subsidiary formed in 1902. The bank opened its first branch in Jaffa in 1903 under the management of Zalman David Levontin.[7] Early transactions included land purchase, imports and obtaining concessions. Branches were opened in Jerusalem, Beirut, Hebron, Safed, Haifa, Tiberias and Gaza. The Anglo-Palestine Bank offered farmers long-term loans and provided loans to the Ahuzat Bayit association which built the first neighborhood in Tel Aviv.[9] During World War I, the Ottoman government declared the bank, because it was registered in England, to be an enemy institution and moved to shut it down and confiscate its cash. After World War I, its operations expanded. In 1932, the main branch moved from Jaffa to Jerusalem.[10] During World War II, the Anglo-Palestine Bank helped to finance the establishment of industries that manufactured supplies for the British army. After the founding of the state of Israel in 1948, the bank won the concession to issue new banknotes. In 1950, the bank was renamed Bank Leumi Le-Israel (National Bank of Israel). When the Bank of Israel was established in 1954, Bank Leumi became a commercial bank. In 1971, Bank Leumi acquired Arab Israel Bank (Ai Bank; est. 1960), which serves mainly the Arab Citizens of Israel in the north of the country. Ai Bank has 35 branches located in Israel's northern and Triangle regions. The Government of Israel nationalized Bank Leumi in 1983, as a result of the Bank Stock Crisis.
- Israeli Chemicals http://www.icl-group.com/Pages/default.aspx Israel Chemicals Ltd. (Hebrew: כימיקלים לישראל בע"מ), also known as ICL, is a multi-national manufacturing concern that develops, produces and markets fertilizers, metals and other special-purpose chemical products. ICL serves primarily three markets: agriculture, food and engineered materials. ICL produces approximately a third of the world’s bromine, and is the world’s sixth-largest potash producer, It is a manufacturer of specialty fertilizers and specialty phosphates, flame retardants and water treatment solutions.[8] As of April 2009, the company was said to be considering a bond offering to raise 500 million shekels ($122 million).[9] ICL is majority controlled by the Israel Corporation, one of the largest Israeli conglomerates.
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2276b330-f327-11e4-b98f-00144feab7de.html As a rare non-Israeli chief executive of a big company — and a non-Jewish German in a country founded largely by Jews escaping persecution in Europe — Mr Borgas had worried that his nationality would be an issue. In fact, “the contrary has been the case — I feel this gives me a notch of respect, at least in business matters”, he says. However, Mr Borgas’s new job has landed him in the hot seat for other reasons: Israel has few natural resources other than natural gas and the mineral deposits that ICL mines in Israel’s southern Negev region, and regulators are keen to rein in the power of the companies mining them.
- 美國聯邦調查局（FBI）早前主導了一場鬧劇，要蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）為去年加州恐襲案主犯的iPhone解鎖，調查內裏的個人資料。一輪官司之後，竟然由一間以色列公司Cellebrite出手破解。不少人以為這公司身份神秘，但其實早已跟FBI和Apple分別合作無間。解鎖事件背後或有政治意味，只是達不到FBI要動搖Apple的目的。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20160407/00275_002.html
- Israel Aerospace Industries (Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל ha-ta'asiya ha-avirit le-yisra'el) or IAI (תע"א) is Israel's prime aerospaceand aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 16,000 employees as of 2013. IAI is wholly owned by the government of Israel.
- Elbit Systems Ltd. is an Israel-based international defense electronics company engaged in a wide range of programs throughout the world. The Company, which includes Elbit Systems and its subsidiaries, operates in the areas of aerospace, land and naval systems, command, control, communications, computers, intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance ("C4ISR"), unmanned aircraft systems ("UAS"), advanced electro-optics, electro-optic space systems, EW suites, signal intelligence ("SIGINT") systems, data links and communications systems and radios.
- http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/
- provides aleph library system
- castro
- featured key buyer of 2017 spring tdc fashion week
- kornit
- Digital textile printing
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-14/israel-s-magal-climbs-19-since-election-on-trump-s-mexico-wall
- Yedioth Ahronoth (Hebrew: ידיעות אחרונות, pronounced [jedi'ot aχaˈronot] ( listen); lit. Latest News) is a national daily newspaperpublished in Tel Aviv, Israel. Founded in 1939 in Mandatory Palestine, Yedioth Ahronoth has been the largest newspaper in Israel by sales and circulation.Yedioth Ahronoth was established in 1939 by an investor named Gershom Komarov. It was the first evening paper in the British Mandate of Palestine, and attempted to emulate the format of the London Evening Standard. Running into financial difficulties, Komarov sold the paper to Yehuda Mozes, a wealthy land dealer who regarded the paper as an interesting hobby and a long-term financial investment. His sons, Reuben and Noah ran the paper with Noah as the first managing editor.
- Israel Hayom (Hebrew: ישראל היום, lit. Israel Today) is an Israeli national Hebrew language free daily newspaper, first published in 2007. Israel Hayom was launched on 30 July 2007 and competed directly with Israeli, another free daily.
- Israeli (Hebrew: ישראלי, lit. Israeli) was an Israeli daily Hebrew language newspaper distributed for free in railway stations, bus terminals, and Delek gas stations. The newspaper, first published in January 2006, was co-owned by Sheldon Adelson and Hirsch Media (owned by Shlomo Ben Tzvi) and published by Israeli News Ltd.
university
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Hebrew: האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; Arabic: الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the State of Israel. The Hebrew University has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot. The world's largest Jewish studies library is located on its Edmond J. Safra Givat Ram campus. The university has 5 affiliated teaching hospitals including the Hadassah Medical Center, 7 faculties, more than 100 research centers, and 315 academic departments. A third of all the doctoral candidates in Israel are studying at the Hebrew University. The first Board of Governors included Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Martin Buber, and Chaim Weizmann. Four of Israel's prime ministers are alumni of the Hebrew University. In the last decade, eight researchers and alumni of the University received the Nobel Prize, one was awarded the Fields Medal, and another the Turing Award.
- One of the visions of the Zionist movement was the establishment of a Jewish university in the Land of Israel. Founding a university was proposed as far back as 1884 in the Kattowitz (Katowice) conference of the Hovevei Zion society. The cornerstone for the university was laid on July 24, 1918. Seven years later, on April 1, 1925, the Hebrew University campus on Mount Scopus was opened at a gala ceremony attended by the leaders of the Jewish world, distinguished scholars and public figures, and British dignitaries, including the Earl of Balfour, Viscount Allenby and Sir Herbert Samuel. The University's first Chancellor was Judah Magnes. By 1947, the University had become a large research and teaching institution. Plans for a medical school were approved in May 1949, and in November 1949, a faculty of law was inaugurated. In 1952, it was announced that the agricultural institute founded by the University in 1940 would become a full-fledged faculty. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, attacks were carried out against convoys moving between the Israeli-controlled section of Jerusalem and the University. The leader of the Arab forces in Jerusalem, Abdul Kader Husseini, threatened military action against the university Hadassah Hospital "if the Jews continued to use them as bases for attacks." After the Hadassah medical convoy massacre, in which 79 Jews, including doctors and nurses, were slaughtered, the Mount Scopus campus was cut off from Jerusalem.British soldier Jack Churchill coordinated the evacuation of 700 Jewish doctors, students and patients from the hospital. When the Jordan government denied Israeli access to Mount Scopus, a new campus was built at Givat Ram in western Jerusalem and completed in 1958. In the interim, classes were held in 40 different buildings around the city. The Terra Santa building in Rehavia, rented from the Franciscan Custodians of the Latin Holy Places, was also used for this purpose. A few years later, together with the Hadassah Medical Organization, a medical science campus was built in the south-west Jerusalem neighborhood of Ein Kerem.
People
- David Ben-Gurion (Hebrew: דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרִיּוֹן; pronounced [daˈvɪd ben gurˈjo:n] (
listen), born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946. As head of the Jewish Agency from 1935, and later president of the Jewish Agency Executive, he was the de facto leader of the Jewish community in Palestine, and largely led its struggle for an independent Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. On 14 May 1948, he formally proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel, and was the first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence, which he had helped to write. Ben-Gurion led Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and united the various Jewish militias into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Subsequently, he became known as "Israel's founding father".- David Ben-Gurion was born in Płońsk in Congress Poland – then part of the Russian Empire. His father, Avigdor Grün, was a lawyer and a leader in the Hovevei Zion movement. His mother, Scheindel (Broitman), died when he was 11 years old. Ben-Gurion's birth certificate, when rediscovered in Poland in 2003, indicated that he had a twin brother who died shortly after birth. At the age of 14 he and two friends formed a youth club, Ezra, promoting Hebrew studies and emigration to the Holy Land. In 1905, as a student at the University of Warsaw, he joined the Social-Democratic Jewish Workers' Party – Poalei Zion. He was arrested twice during the Russian Revolution of 1905. In 1906 he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine. A month after his arrival, he was elected to the central committee of the newly formed branch of Poalei Zion in Jaffa, becoming chairman of the party's platform committee. He advocated a more nationalist program than other more leftist or Marxist committee members. The following year he complained about the Russian domination of the group. At the time the Jewish population in Palestine was around 55,000 – of whom 40,000 held Russian citizenship.
- Paula Ben-Gurion (Hebrew: April פולה בן גוריון; 1892 – 29 June 1968) was his Russian-born wife. A number of schools and institutions in Israel are named for her.
- http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-election-2015/.premium-1.638950
- netanyahu family
- Benzion Netanyahu (Hebrew: בֶּנְצִיּוֹן נְתַנְיָהוּ, IPA: [ˈbentsijon netanˈjahu]; born Benzion Mileikowsky; March 25, 1910 – April 30, 2012)[2][3] was an Israeli historian. He served as Professor of History at Cornell University. A scholar of Judaic history, he was also an activist in the Revisionist Zionism movement, who lobbied in the United States to support the creation of the Jewish state. His field of expertise was the history of the Jews in Spain, and he served as an editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedia. He spent a significant portion of his life in the United States. Though he became Ze'ev Jabotinsky's personal secretary, he never got involved directly in Israeli politics. He was the father of current Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu and Yonatan Netanyahu, ex-commander of Sayeret Matkal.Benzion Mileikowsky (later Netanyahu) was born in Warsaw in partitioned Polandwhich was under Russian control, to Sarah (Lurie) and the writer and Zionist activist Nathan Mileikowsky. Nathan was a rabbi who toured Europe and the United States, making speeches supporting Zionism. After Nathan took the family to Mandate Palestine (aliyah) in 1920, the family name eventually was changed to Netanyahu.
- Yonatan "Yoni" Netanyahu (Hebrew: יונתן נתניהו; March 13, 1946 – July 4, 1976) was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer who commanded the elite commando unit Sayeret Matkalduring Operation Entebbe, an operation to rescue hostages held at Entebbe Airport in Uganda in 1976. The mission was successful, with 102 of the 106 hostages rescued, but Netanyahu was killed in action—the only IDF fatality during the operation.
- Sagi Karni hkej 4aug14 a4
- Yuval Noah Harari (Hebrew: יובל נח הררי; born 24 February 1976) is an Israeli historian, tenured professor at the Department of History of theHebrew University of Jerusalem[1] and the author of the international bestseller Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. His book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow was published in Hebrew in 2015. An English translation was published in the United Kingdomin September 2016.
- Rafael Halperin (1924 – 20 August 2011) was a prominent Israeli businessman, Orthodox rabbi, and the author of several religious books and an encyclopedia. In the 1950s, he worked in the United States as aprofessional wrestler in Vince McMahon Sr.'s Capitol Wrestling. After retiring from wrestling, Halperin held several jobs in his home country. He fulfilled his dream of opening a chain of athletic centers. He also became an author, writing several books including an encyclopedia and a weight-loss guide. During the Yom Kippur War, he served in the Israel Defense Forces. Halperin also founded a chain of optical centers in Israel.[3][4] In 2008, he and his wife Bertie decided to divide the optical business among their five children.
- Optica halperin sued luxottica
- In August 2014, after Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused Israel of attempting a "systematic genocide" of Palestinian Arabs in Gaza, on account of Israel's Operation Protective Edge military campaign, Katz publicly reminded Erodgan of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, rejecting any accusations for defending Israel against those he termed Erdogan's "friends in the Islamic movement".
- Arnon Milchan (Hebrew: ארנון מילצ'ן; December 6, 1944) is an Israeli billionaire businessman who has produced over 130 full-length motion pictures. Milchan, the owner of New Regency Films, was an Israeli intelligence operative from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. Milchan produced numerous critical and financial successes. He is the founder of Regency Enterprises. Regency's film credits include Oscar winners and nominees, as well as popular financial hits, including 12 Years a Slave, L.A. Confidential, JFK, Heat, Fight Club, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and many more. He is an Israeli citizen and a resident of Israel.Milchan was born in 1944 in Rehovot, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel). His family is Jewish, and he has a sister named Dalia. His mother was descended from European Jewish disciples of the Vilna Gaon who came to Palestine in the early 19th century, and he is the eighth generation of his family in the country. His father owned a fertilizer company, which Milchan inherited at the age of 21 upon his father's sudden death. Over the years, Milchan turned the company into a successful chemical business.[7] He also earned a degree from the London School of Economics, before he and his company (Milchan Brothers Ltd.) were recruited to LAKAM, a secret Israeli intelligence organization responsible for obtaining technology and material for Israel's nuclear program, and other highly secretive programs.
- Uri Avnery (Hebrew: אורי אבנרי, also transliterated Uri Avneri; 10 September 1923 – 20 August 2018) was an Israeli writer, politician, and founder of the Gush peace movement. A member of the Irgun as a teenager, Avnery sat for two terms in the Knesset from 1965 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1981.[1] He was also the owner of the news magazine HaOlam HaZehfrom 1950 until it closed in 1993. He became famous for crossing the lines during the Siege of Beirut to meet Yassir Arafat on 3 July 1982, the first time the Palestinian leader ever met with an Israeli. Avnery was the author of several books about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, including 1948: A Soldier's Tale, the Bloody Road to Jerusalem(2008); Israel's Vicious Circle (2008); and My Friend, the Enemy (1986).Avnery was born in Beckum, near Münster[5] in Westphalia, as Helmut Ostermann, the youngest of four children,[5] to a well-established German Jewish family,[6] his father being a private banker in the town.[7] He grew up in Hanover where he counted among his companions Rudolf Augstein, the future proprietor of Der Spiegel. Avnery and his family emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1933, following Adolf Hitler's rise to power. He joined the Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary group, in 1938,[8] in reaction to the British hanging of Shlomo Ben-Yosef, who had thrown a grenade (which failed to explode) into a bus carrying Arab women and children,[5] but unlike his comrade-in-arms Yitzhak Shamir who joined up at roughly the same time, Avnery was judged too young to engage directly in actions.
Industry
- aerospace
- 美國太空探索科技公司（SpaceX）周四於美國佛羅里達州，發射載有以色列首個月球着陸器的火箭升空，預料將於四月十一日抵達月球。是次任務將創下兩個歷史時刻，分別是首次有私人公司的着陸器抵達月球，以及以色列首次有太空船登陸月球。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190223/00180_032.html
- tech
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21701810-startup-nation-running-out-steam-talent-search
- cyber security
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21660112-internet-security-has-become-bigger-export-earner-arms-cyber-boom-or-cyber-bubble
- http://news.yahoo.com/israel-sees-heady-future-medical-marijuana-032439733.html on the outskirts of a quiet village in northern Israel, 50,000 plants of 230 varieties grow at the country's second-largest medical cannabis plantation. "For cannabis, we are in the promised land with a good climate, 300 days of sunshine each year and perfect levels of humidity," said Tamir Gedo, head of BOL Pharma, a company authorised by the Israeli health ministry to grow and distribute medical cannabis. The recreational use of cannabis is illegal in the Jewish state, but for the past 10 years its therapeutic use has not only been permitted but also encouraged. Last year, doctors prescribed the herb to about 25,000 patients suffering from cancer, epilepsy, post-traumatic stress and degenerative diseases.
- http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21698670-how-grow-grapes-where-ground-griddle-desert-wines
Trade and investment environment
- ngos
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-11/04/content_22363520.htm
Leftwing Israeli NGOs accused the government of a witch-hunt on Monday after the justice minister proposed tough new measures on organizations receiving funding from foreign governments .The draft bill published by Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked on Sunday will force such NGOs to mark all documents when presenting them to parliamentarians and also declare their foreign funding in any talks at which public officials are present .They will also have to wear identification badges in parliament ,similar to the current rules for lobbyists .
- Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Tuesday he was cancelling an agreement with the U.N. refugee agency to relocate thousands of African migrants, bowing to right-wing pressure to scrap the deal. The agency, the UNHCR, said it hoped Israel would reconsider the decision soon and offered to work with it to identify and “respond to the protection needs” of asylum seekers in the country. Netanyahu’s critics seized on his backtracking on the arrangement - under which thousands of other migrants would have won the right to remain in Israel - as a sign of political weakness. The prime minister is the subject of police investigations into suspected corruption, which he denies. For the estimated 37,000 African migrants in Israel, most of them from Eritrea and Sudan, a whirlwind of announcements about their future has swept their status even deeper into limbo. Outside a government complex in Tel Aviv where Netanyahu said he was scrapping the deal, several African men wrapped themselves in chains in a protest that put their sense of powerlessness on display. On Monday Netanyahu announced an arrangement with the UNHCR that would have relocated about 16,250 migrants to Western countries. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-migrants/israels-netanyahu-scraps-african-migrant-relocation-deal-with-u-n-idUSKCN1HA14N
judaism
- https://www.ft.com/content/febe9d4e-075b-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5 Save to myFT Mehul Srivastava in Ashdod YESTERDAY Teenagers loitered by trendy electronics stores and bored husbands lugged bags as their wives hunted for bargains at the Big Fashion mall when the routine of Saturday shopping was interrupted by a phalanx of municipal inspectors. The officials fanned out across the shopping centre in Ashdod, an Israeli coastal city, delivering written warnings to shops open on the sabbath. It ordered them to close within a day or face fines or civil charges. Inside a non-kosher deli, Matis, shoppers fumed at the threats. “The orthodox [Jews] want to coerce us to live like they live,” said Gal Ben-Ami, the 22-year-year old clerk. “But have you noticed something? The ones handing out the warning, they are Jewish too — why are they working on the sabbath?” The incident illustrated how Ashdod — and the opening hours of its shops — has become the latest test of the influence Israel’s ultra-orthodox Jewish minority has on society. While they make up about a tenth of the population, the ultra-orthodox represent a sizeable — and growing — voting bloc in Israel’s rightwing-dominated political landscape. Two small ultra-orthodox parties have emerged as kingmakers in prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government, wielding outsize influence over contentious issues, including how religious students should be exempted from compulsory military service, whether women should have unfettered access to pray freely at all of the Western Wall in Jerusalem, and controlling who gets to convert to Judaism. But they have been most vocal on what are called the “sabbath wars,” as they demand limits on public transport during the holy day and the shuttering of businesses to protect the “sanctity of the sabbath”.
antisemitism
- http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/aug/07/antisemitism-rise-europe-worst-since-nazis?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2
Jerusalem
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160927/00180_004.html猶太教、基督教及回教均視耶路撒冷為聖地，原只控制耶路撒冷西部的以色列，一九八○年吞併東部，宣布耶路撒冷是該國「永恒而不可分割的首都」，但未得到聯 合國承認。巴勒斯坦亦宣布耶路撒冷為其首都，當地已成為以巴衝突的中心。美國國會一九九五年通過法案，將駐以色列大使館遷往耶路撒冷，變相承認其首都地 位，但民主黨及共和黨的總統都從未簽署落實。
- dome of the rock
- The Dome of the Rock is now mostly assumed to have been built by the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik and his son and successor Al-Walid I. According to Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, construction started in 687. Construction cost was reportedly seven times the yearly tax income of Egypt.[10] A dedicatory inscription in Kufic script is preserved inside the dome. In this inscription, the name of al-Malik was deleted and replaced by the name of Abbasid caliphAl-Ma'mun. This alteration of the original inscription was first noted by Melchior de Vogüé in 1864.[11] Some scholars are of the opinion that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), or indeed a Byzantine building dating to before the Muslim conquest, built under Heraclius (r. 610–641).
Water supply
- http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.566863 After two years of relatively heavy rainfall, the government will be reducing the amount of water it buys from the country’s desalination plants by 30% this year. Under an agreement arrived at last week with the plant operators after several weeks of talks, the Water Authority and Finance Ministry the government will buy 360 million cubic meters of desalinized seawater from plants located along Israel’s Mediterranean coast in Ashkelon, Palmahim, Hadera and Sorek. That equals just 70% of their total production capacity of 510 million cubic meters, but the heavy rainfall means that the government water company Mekorot can now draw more water from natural sources, instead of using costlier desalinated water.
News Media
- http://www.haaretz.com/
Foreign policy
- http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21657804-fractious-relations-west-are-prompting-israel-turn-elsewhere-netanyahu
Travel
- www.goisrael.com
- accommodation
- christian hospices
- www.notredamecenter.org
- Built by french assumption faters from 1884 to 1904, currently belongs to vatican. Pope john paul ii entrusted its administration to the congregation of the legionaries of christ in 2004.
nationalism
- concept of israel, united israelite confederacy, pan-israel article by w j dumbrell, journal for study of old testament 25 (1983) pp 23-33
- court history - israel and judah
- article by james w flanagan, journal of biblical literature 91/1972 pp172-181
population composition
- https://www.quora.com/Are-most-Israelis-of-Mizrahi-descent-Ashkenazi-descent-Sephardi-descent-or-are-they-mostly-evenly-of-Mizrahi-Ashenazi-and-Sephardi-descent
language
- official
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/07/israeli-ministers-back-proposed-law-demoting-arabic-language Israeli ministers have approved the wording of a new law that would downgrade Arabic as an official language and which states that the right to self-determination in Israel “is unique to the Jewish people”, despite the country’s sizeable non-Jewish minority. The go-ahead for the nation state bill by the ministerial committee for legislation means it will now move forward to a vote by the country’s parliament. The bill has to pass several stages in the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, for it to become law and could also be challenged in the courts. Critics say the law is discriminatory and could undermine Israel’s balance of being both a Jewish and democratic state by harming the rights of minorities. Hebrew and Arabic are both Israel’s national languages, but the bill states that Hebrew would be the lone national language, downgrading Arabic to “a special status in the state” whose “speakers have the right to language-accessible state services”.
- https://www.quora.com/If-Hebrew-didnt-become-the-language-of-Israel-what-other-languages-couldve yiddish was seriously considered as a possible language for the nascent State of Israel prior to its founding in 1948 as Hebrew was for all intents and purposes a dead language whose use was limited to Hebrew scripture and Jewish prayers while Yiddish prior to the Holocaust was a vibrant and widely spoken language amongst European Jews. The major reasons why Modern Hebrew was chosen over Yiddish were:
- After the Holocaust, Yiddish was perceived as being too German - the nation which had lead the charge to exterminate the Jewish people.
- Because there were a considerable number of non-Ashkenazi Jewswho immigrated to the Holy Land who did not speak Yiddish.
- Because Hebrew was the language that was spoken by the ancestors of the Jews who possessed the land during the Biblical Era.
- Because Hebrew was the language of the Torah.
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, in the 19th Century, anticipated that if the Zionist Movement were successful in re-establishing a Jewish State in the Holy Land, it would need a distinct language as “there cannot be a language without a homeland nor a homeland without a language”. With this goal in mind, Ben-Yehuda initiated an effort to revive the use of Hebrew as a vibrant living spoken language.- https://www.quora.com/Are-there-any-languages-that-are-commonly-spoken-in-Israel-besides-Hebrew-Arabic-English-Russian-Yiddish-and-Amharic, https://www.quora.com/Which-languages-are-commonly-spoken-in-Israel https://www.quora.com/What-will-it-mean-that-Arabic-will-cease-to-be-an-official-language-in-Israel-Will-the-Arab-numerals-and-texts-disappear-from-Israeli-coins-banknotes-city-and-road-signs
- https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Israel-decide-to-revive-Hebrew-instead-of-using-Yiddish-which-was-widely-spoken Israel didn’t decide to speak Hebrew. The revival of Hebrew had begun decades before Israel’s establishment in 1948. The first native speaker of Modern Hebrew was born in 1882 and died five years before Israel’s independence. And while the reasons that the Zionist pioneers who began the process of establishing the state chose Hebrew was largely ideological, but there were also practical reasons behind it.Yiddish was widely spoken by Jews in Europe, but it was not a universal Jewish language. There were Jewish communities around the world, and especially throughout the Middle East. Israeli Jews today are primarily descended Mizrahi Jews, those who came from Arab countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa, as well as non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Turkey, and Afghanistan. While the first generation of Zionist pioneers who arrived in what would become Israel from the 1880s, and the later waves of Jewish immigrants up to 1948 were primarily from Europe, there were a fair number of Mizrahim involved, not to mention those native Jews who had been there prior to the arrival of the first Zionist pioneers.Really, there were Jews living on every inhabited continent, speaking a wide variety of languages. Hebrew was the only truly universal Jewish language.
- https://www.quora.com/Would-Israelis-agree-on-Yiddish-becoming-Israel-official-language-along-Hebrew-and-Arabic Yiddish is primarily associated with the Haredi community in Israel, many of whom are critical of the Israeli government and some parts of that community are openly hostile to the existence of the State of Israel. In addition to the association of Yiddish with the ultra-orthodox community, there is a bit of historic hostility of Zionism to Yiddish. In the Jewish enlightenment movement of Russia and Eastern Europe, Yiddish was associated with the traditional Jewish life that was seen as perpetuating oppression (internal and external) of the Jewish people.
- https://www.quora.com/Is-Arabic-taught-in-Israeli-schools-How-big-is-the-language-barrier-between-Hebrew-and-Arabic-speakers-in-Israel
- https://www.quora.com/Why-doesnt-Israel-make-Russian-an-official-language
Israeli (language)
- krav maga - self defence martial art
History
- sometime around 1500 bce a group of semite people left mesopotamia and came to the land of canaan. In Canaan, these semite invaders fought a series of battles and eventually settled down in this territory. The israelites were one of these groups of semitic invaders. Originally these people were wanderers who moved about from various locations in mesopotamia. The word hebrew means wanderer. The bible is the chief source of infomration on early history of jewish people
- around 1200 bce, the israelites were taken into slavery by their neighbours to the southwest, the philistines. Their enslavement lasted for several generations until the leadership of saul
- under the reign of soloman, israel was a trade partner of the pheonicians. A port was built on the gulf of aquaba that enabled israel to find a market in the red sea area to sell its copper from sinai. Solomon built the temple of jerusalem and refurbished the royal court using the monetary gains from these projects.
- in 924 bce, Judah and Israel were forced by egypt (ruled by pharoah sohshenq I) to pay tribute.
- in 842-815 bce, assyria exacted tribute from israel (during reign of king jehu)
- under leadership of assyrian king tiglath-lilesa III, the two kingdoms of israel and judah became vassals of assyria.
- Sargon II destroyed the kingdom of israel in 724 bce and the people of israel were dispersed into various parts of assyria.
- during the reign of joshua, the independence of judah was restored. Following his death, the kingdom of judah lost the key battle of megiddo against egypt who then controlled judah for 4 years. In 586 bce, the babylonian king nebuchadnezzar captured judah and the people of judah (now known as jews) were taken to babylonia to live in captivity
- in 539 bce, the persians conquered the babylonian empire. The persians decided to alow the jews to return to israel and re-build their temple in jerusalem. However, many jews chose not to return to their homeland and remained in babylon instead.
- jews were then under control of different empires - persians, greeks (alexander the great), romans
- The Haavara Agreement (Hebrew: הסכם העברה Translit.: heskem haavara Translated:"transfer agreement") was an agreement between Nazi Germany and Zionist German Jewssigned on 25 August 1933. The agreement was finalized after three months of talks by theZionist Federation of Germany, the Anglo-Palestine Bank (under the directive of the Jewish Agency) and the economic authorities of Nazi Germany. It was a major factor in making possible the immigration of approximately 60,000 German Jews to Palestine in the years 1933–1939.
Russia
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21665071-arrival-big-spending-foreign-tycoons-raises-some-doubts-welcome-promised-land
- https://www.quora.com/In-which-parts-of-Israel-is-Russian-most-commonly-spoken in early/mid-90s new districts of Ashdod, Askelon and Natania were mostly Russian-speaking, sometimes - “only Russian” speaking.
France
- From 2013 to 2015, Israel added more than 16,000 French Jews; in 2015, no less than 7,500, including tourists who decided to move here.
Beyond the demography, the French aliyah confers economic growth potential based on additional demand and investment. Also, these immigrants are relatively young and well-educated.
read more: http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/.premium-1.722658
Germany
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3954208/Israels-Netanyahu-backs-sub-purchase-amid-calls-inquiry.html
Turkey
- http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/26/middleeast/israel-turkey-relations/ Israel and Turkey have reached a deal to normalize diplomatic relations, six years after an Israeli raid on a Gaza-bound flotilla left eight Turks and an American citizen of Turkish origin dead. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim announced Monday that the deal, set to be signed Tuesday, includes a $20 million compensation fund for Turkish families, an eventual return of ambassadors and initial talks on a possible natural gas pipeline. Under the deal, Turkey will end all criminal or civil claims against Israeli military personnel and the State of Israel following the 2010 Israeli raid on a Gaza-bound Turkish aid flotilla that left nine people dead, Netanyahu said at a press conference in Rome where officials hammered out the agreement.
Kurds
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/150f00cc-472c-11e5-af2f-4d6e0e5eda22.html Israel has imported as much as three-quarters of its oil from Iraq’s semi-autonomous Kurdish north in recent months, providing a vital source of funds to the cash-strapped region as it fights militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Isis). The sales are a sign of Iraqi Kurdistan’s growing assertiveness and the further fraying of ties between Erbil and Baghdad, which has long harboured fears that the Kurds’ ultimate objective is full-scale independence from Iraq.
arab countries
- https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-the-entire-Arab-world-including-Palestinians-have-recognized-the-right-of-Israel-to-exist-along-with-a-peace-deal-supported-by-US-and-EU-If-so-why-did-Israel-reject-it-numerous-times
- *******https://www.quora.com/Are-all-Arabic-countries-allied-against-Israel-or-is-it-more-complicated
africa
- economist 3feb18 article on africans in israel "let my people stay"
- african migrants
- African migrants in Israel have been detained, threatened with deportation and faced hostility from lawmakers and residents. Since last year, they face another burden: a de facto 20 percent salary cut that has driven them further into poverty.Israel's roughly 35,000 African migrants and the groups that support them say the recent law — in which Israel withholds the money from their paychecks every month and returns it only if they leave the country — is yet another attempt by an anti-migrant government to force them out.The Africans, mainly from war-torn Sudan and dictatorial Eritrea, began arriving in Israel in 2005 through its porous border with Egypt after Egyptian forces violently quashed a refugee demonstration and word spread of safety and job opportunities in Israel. Tens of thousands crossed the desert border, often after enduring dangerous journeys, before Israel completed a barrier in 2012 that stopped the influx. https://www.chinadailyhk.com/articles/7/196/197/1534320697230.html
egypt
- An Egyptian company will buy $15 billion of Israeli natural gas in two 10-year agreements announced on Monday, a major deal that Israel hopes will strengthen diplomatic ties.The partners in Israel’s Tamar and Leviathan offshore gas fields said they would supply the private Egyptian firm Dolphinus Holdings with around 64 billion cubic metres of gas over a decade - with half coming from each field, and the proceeds shared equally.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-egypt-natgas/egyptian-firm-to-buy-15-billion-of-israeli-natural-gas-idUSKCN1G31BK
India
- established relations in 1992
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/israels-rafael-says-india-cancels-order-for-spike-anti-tank-missile/articleshow/62351673.cms A top Israeli arms firm has confirmed that India cancelled a $500 million deal to develop Spike anti-tank guided missiles and expressed "regret" over the decision just ahead of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's first visit to the country.
"Rafael has now received an official notification from India's Ministry of Defence concerning the cancellation of the Spike deal," Ishai David, a spokesman for the Rafael Advance Defence Systems Ltd, told PTI here. Spike, in use by 26 countries around the world, is said to have been selected by India after a long and rigorous process and after complying with all the defence procurement regulations.
Australia
- 澳洲警方周五透露，澳洲富豪帕克（James Packer）早前自願接受警方問話，就以色列總理內塔尼亞胡涉貪一案作證人，又指帕克並無觸犯澳洲及以色列刑事罪行的嫌疑。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171202/00180_026.html
Singapore
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160101/00180_012.html 以色列駐新加坡大使館一群職員周日聚會時，有職員竟把新加坡國旗當成桌布使用。有人就此報警後，新加坡外交部傳召了以色列大使了解情況。以方昨日就事件道歉，表示會嚴厲處分涉事職員。
China
- history of establishing diplomatic contact http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151011/PDF/a22_screen.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151012/PDF/b11_screen.pdf
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160801/PDF/b8_screen.pdf recollection by a former chinese diplomat
- china daily small ad 22mar17 page 5
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-israel-idUSKBN16R0XXChina welcomed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Monday. Deng Li, director general of the Chinese Foreign Ministry's West Asian and North African Affairs Department, told a briefing that both countries had agreed to step up free trade talks.
- fta
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2016-03/30/content_15407876.html China and Israel agreed on Tuesday to start long-awaited negotiations on a free trade agreement. The consensus came during talks in Jerusalem between Vice-Premier Liu Yandong and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. While addressing the second meeting of the China-Israel Joint Committee on Innovation Cooperation after the talks, Netanyahu said, "This (the consensus on starting FTA talks) is a momentous development and we are ready to do so right away." Netanyahu noted that China is now Israel's third-largest trading partner, with annual trade of over $10 billion. "We have ... the potential for a lot more," he said. Liu said cooperation on innovation is developing rapidly in various fields such as the economy and trade, and she suggested "reinforcing the effective dovetailing of innovation strategies" on both sides. Bilateral trade has increased notably since the two countries established diplomatic ties in 1992. Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang confirmed in March last year that the two countries had completed a feasibility study for a free trade agreement.
Last year, bilateral trade volume reached $11.4 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5 percent. China's total investment in Israel has reached $6 billion. - http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160926/PDF/a6_screen.pdf以色列外交部經濟司以中經貿事務主 管伊拉（Hila）女士日前在特拉維夫向來 訪的中國記者透露，中國和以色列商定， 將於本月末正式啟動自貿區的談判，前景 樂觀。
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2016-01/07/content_22972834.htm Currently, China's investments chiefly go in two directions: venture-capital fundswhich are used to finance a wide range of high-tech startups, and full-fledglingcompanies in sectors such as technology, agriculture and life-science solutions, headded. Search engine giant Baidu Inc and tech company Qihoo 360 Technology Co Ltd, forinstance, both poured money into Israeli venture capital fund Carmel Ventures in2014. E-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding Ltd also invested an undisclosedsum in Visualead, an Israeli company specializing in QR code technology, in lastJanuary.
- silk road
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/10/29/a45-1029.pdf 十一屆全 國政協委員、鄭州大學副校長張倩 紅（見圖）近日向本刊記者指出， 中以關係近年來不斷升溫，合作水 平與層次正達到一個空前的高度。 美國的「亞太再平衡」戰略將分散 其在中東的注意力，而中國在中東 地區的影響力穩步提升。她認為，紅海至地中海鐵路的修 建，將以色列納入「一帶一路」戰 略中，以色列將發揮中國新絲綢之 路樞紐的作用。同時，兩國宜加快 自貿區協議談判的步伐。 內地首發《以色列藍皮書》 基於以色列在中東地區與國際事務中的重要影響力，以及中以兩國在政 治、經貿、人文、創新等領域的合作與交流不斷增多，《以色列藍皮書：以 色列發展報告（2015）》近期在內地面世，並成為國內有關以色列的首部藍 皮書。作為該書主編，張倩紅表示，2013年中以雙邊貿易額已達 108.3億美 元，比 1992年建交時增長了 200多倍。目前中國是以色列在亞洲的第一大貿 易夥伴，也是其全球第三大貿易夥伴。 她指出，以色列方面近年來高度認可中國國際地位的提升，積極抓住中國 發展所帶來的機遇，希望深化兩國高新技術領域合作，並在巴以問題、伊核 問題上爭取中國的支持，因此更加主動發展與中國的關係。中以兩國達成修 建「紅海鐵路」協議及以色列加入亞投行兩大標誌性事件，正是以色列主動 與中國「一帶一路」實現對接的重大舉措。 以色列或成中國能源合作新夥伴 中國則在中東劇變後越來越意識到以色列在該地區獨特的地位。阿拉伯國 家的動亂對中國的海外投資和商品出口造成了影響，而以色列國內秩序穩 定、人才儲備豐富、科學技術領先，顯然是中國理想的經濟合作夥伴。隨着 東地中海油氣資源的開發，以色列或將成為中國新的能源合作夥伴。 張倩紅認為，「一帶一路」戰略，在宏觀上為中以兩國提供了廣闊的合作 平台，也有利於雙方在微觀上選擇靈活多變的合作方式並拓寬合作領域。 「兩國應抓住該戰略所提供的機遇，提升雙邊經貿關係，落實科技文化領域 的合作協議，進一步加強學術與文化交流，挖掘中以友好交流的歷史資源， 全面提升兩國關係。」 梁振英訪以 取經科技創新 值得一提的是，香港特首梁振英近日率團訪問以色列，以考察該國科技發 展為重點。在與中國駐以色列大使詹永新會面時，梁振英稱，香港特區政府 將繼續推動與以色列在經貿交往、科技創新等領域的合作不斷取得新成果。 張倩紅表示，在不平靜的 2014年中，以色列依然保持着「創新國度」 的良 好聲譽，其高科技投入佔國民生產總值的比重高居世界第三；其電子信息技 術、生命科學技術、新能源、水技術及現代農業技術等在國際市場上極具競 爭力，是全球同領域的引領者。她建議細化科技領域的框架性協議。「中以 合理制定科技合作章程、深化合作內容、拓寬合作渠道有利於早日取得合作 成果，盡快給民眾帶來更多實惠，從而提升合作的信心，為更深層次的合作 奠定基礎。」
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151215/PDF/a15_screen.pdf tech cooperation in shantou
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-04/13/content_24491375.htm China will inject new impetus into cooperation with Israel on technological innovation, Premier Li Keqiang said on Tuesday. Li, who met in Beijing with Yuli-Yoel Edelstein, speaker of the Israeli parliament, said China will develop a mechanism for cooperation as next year marks the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries. Edelstein said he was the first Knesset speaker to visit China in 20 years. China-Israel trade volume increased last year amid weakening global trade, showing great potential for bilateral cooperation, Li said. Innovation has been a key area for bilateral relations. Last month, Vice-Premier Liu Yandong visited Israel for the second meeting of the China-Israel Joint Committee on Innovation Cooperation. Zhu Feng, a professor of international relations at Peking University, said Israel is known for its technology, including that used in growing fruits and vegetables in desert areas. Moreover, he said, Israel focuses on promoting technological innovation, which is in line with China's national strategy that aims to create new technologies and business models for economic restructuring. Edelstein met with his Chinese counterpart Zhang Dejiang, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, on Monday.
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2017-03/22/content_28641575.htmChinese companies are actively seeking mature technologies in Israel to bring to China to develop high-return businesses, according to the chairman of Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co Ltd. Zong Qinghou, chairman of China's largest beverage producer, said Israel's high-tech companies could find a huge market as well as funding in China. "Israeli companies are pleased to sell their technologies because their home market is relatively small," said Zong. He said the company is seeking robot technologies from Israel for its new factory set to be built in Lin'an in East China's Zhejiang province.
- 今年 3 月時來北京訪問，會見了萬達集團董事 長王健林、阿里巴巴董事長馬雲等中國 11位商業巨擘，既呼籲中國企業家加 大對以色列高科技公司的投資力度，也 為日後的「中以自貿區」預先鋪路。以 色列總理表示，對於中以合作的前景信 心十足，中以合作可說是天作之合。 以色列公司Altice Financing S.A，是 一家掛牌在盧森堡的電信公司。它提供 了多樣化的電信服務。舉凡包括市話通 話、寬頻網絡、電視服務，以及複合性 的多重服務等等。以色列電信業憑藉其 在某些高科技領域的獨創性，集合半導 體開發、硬軟體設計、系統等項目，使 其處於全球領先地位，而這也正是其在 國際電信市場上的獨特競爭優勢。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/04/29/b06-0429.pdf
- ip event hket 23may17 c7
- 廣東 以色列理工學院舉行 「中以教育科技合作」系列活 動，並在18日為廣東以色列理工學院正式揭牌http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171218/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
- 第四屆中以科技創新投資大會2日在珠海開幕，兩國參會企業與機構就數十個合作項目進行磋商與協議簽訂，合作投資涉及總額近百億元人民幣。15個科創項目在開幕式上現場簽約，包括中以投資基金、中以農業科技產業園、中以生物創新中心及創新研究院等。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180703/PDF/a11_screen.pdf
- Launched in 2007, Taboola is a content discovery platform that delivers personalized recommendations to over one billion users every month, on the websites of its media partners. Singolda, who launched Taboola in the Chinese market a little over a year ago. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201809/05/WS5b8f4cdba310add14f389c93.html
- railway
- 深圳地铁集团3日正式发布，携手中国土木工程集团与以色列公司组成的联合体成功中标以色列特拉维夫红线轻轨运营维护项目。据悉，这是国内轨道交通企业首度 进入发达国家，也是深圳地铁集团自2014年首度“进军”海外市场以来，落地的第三个实体项目，意味着国际市场对中国轨道交通企业技术水平和服务水准的肯 定。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170904/PDF/a20_screen.pdf
- http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-chinas-boe-invests-50m-in-cnoga-medical-1001179762Chinese company BOE has invested $50 million in Israeli company Cnoga Medical for 23% of the company's shares, reflecting a company value of $217 million, the two companies today reported. The shares given to BOE were newly issued, not sold shares. BOE is a Chinese laboratory equipment company that wants to establish itself as a leader in the medical sector.
- 中國去年的肉類進口總額達到逾一百億美元，市場需求相當龐大。有英國媒體報道，中國本周已與以色列簽署價值三億美元的貿易協定，以色列企業用植物蛋白生產的「人造肉」，將有機會進入中國市場。報道指，中國正努力減少排放溫室氣體，而供給肉品為主的畜牧業，是全球碳排放的主要來源之一。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170916/00178_012.html
- oil
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2015-12/22/content_15361869.html As Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi is set to start his first official visit to China on Tuesday, experts have highlighted energy and infrastructure as key areas of cooperation for the war-ravaged country. Baghdad also might seek more political support from Beijing, at a time when it is busy tackling both terrorism and the aftermath of a brief border incursion by the Turkish military, the experts said. Abadi, who took office in September last year, was invited by Premier Li Keqiang for a two-day visit. "We are looking forward to increasing our oil production and exports, and I believe that China can contribute in such fields," Abadi told Xinhua News Agency on Saturday.
- http://www.china.org.cn/travel/2016-04/05/content_38176464.htm Israel will soon issue 10-year multiple-entry visas to Chinese nationals for business or tourism purposes, making it the fourth country, after the U.S., Canada and South Korea, to have such an arrangement with Beijing, according to The Times of Israel. According to official Weibo account of the Israeli Embassy in China, China and Israel will sign the agreement within the week. Hainan Airlines will offer direct flights between Beijing and Tel Aviv starting in April. "The unprecedented bilateral visa agreement will be signed on March 29," Efrat Perri, spokesperson of the Israeli Embassy in China, told the Global Times.
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group (BCEG) signed a deal with Israel-based Carasso Real Estate on Monday to be the main contractor of the Neot Ariel Sharon project in Tel Aviv, the first such contract for a Chinese builder, Xinhua News Agency reported Tuesday.http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1075200.shtml
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201812/06/WS5c0894b9a310eff30328f74e.html Chinese leading education company TAL Education Group announced on Tuesday it has acquired a 100 percent stake in Israeli company CodeMonkey for an undisclosed amount, marking an important step forward for its globalization efforts. The takeover will be the first time the Beijing-based firm has fully acquired a foreign company, said Bai Yunfeng, president of TAL, in an exclusive interview with China Daily during this year's Global Education Summit.
- government to claim 15% loss hkej 27jan15 a21
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-10/24/content_27147775.htm
- 第19屆「GoforIsrael」2018中國-以色列跨境投資大會在佛山國家高新區舉行，兩國政商界代表就「一帶一路」倡議下中以合作、中以併購及科技創新合作等議題進行交流。在一對一投資對接會上，100多個以色列創新技術項目亮相，涵蓋信息技術、通訊科技、生命科學等眾多前沿科技領域，吸引400多家中國企業前來對接洽談。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/06/01/b02-0601.pdf
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-08/26/content_26601629.htm
A company owned by Chinese tycoon Wang Jing is taking over an Israeli satellite operation firm for $285 million. Wang said the deal is expected to help Beijing Xinwei Telecom Technology to access "scarce resources" in outer space, as the number of available positions on some satellite orbits is falling. Wang is known for his plan to build a $50 billion canal project spanning Nicaragua, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Beijing Xinwei is to acquire a 100 percent stake in Spacecom Satellite Communications through its unit Luxembourg Space Telecommunications, the technology company said in a statement on Wednesday. "After the acquisition, we will be able to provide services to 95 percent of the world's people and gain a professional team with 20 years' experience in satellite operations," the statement said. - http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-10/08/content_26987352.htm Lenovo Group Ltd, the world's largest personal computer maker, will invest about $100 million in Israeli startups over the next three years to better tap into local talents and cutting-edge technology to grow its core business. "We will focus on the internet of things, cloud computing, cyber security, image recognition and other areas which Israel excels in," Song Chunyu, vice-president of Lenovo, said in an interview with China Daily. The move came after the Beijing-based firm has poured up to $20 million into at least six Israeli startups and CPI, a local venture capital fund, in the past several years. Israel, known for its innovative engineering, has become one of the most popular destinations for Chinese investment as China works hard to upgrade from a manufacturing hub into a tech center boasting core technologies. Internet giants Baidu Inc and Alibaba Group Holding Ltd as well as traditional firms such as Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China Ltd are all spending big to fund local startups.
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170115/PDF/a11_screen.pdf 深圳企業光啟集團13日宣布，其位於以色 列的光啟國際創新總部正式成立，同時， 規模達2.5億美元的光啟全球創新共同體基 金與孵化器（簡稱光啟GCI基金）二期， 將進一步聚焦於活躍在機器人、航空、虛 擬現實／增強現實、通信與物聯網技術、 數字健康領域的以色列創新企業。
- import construction workers
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1f0cdc62-5f9a-11e5-9846-de406ccb37f2.html Israel’s cabinet has backed a plan to import 20,000 construction workers from China to fast-track homebuilding and honour an election pledge to cut housing prices. Workers’ rights groups attacked Sunday’s proposal, which they said would take away jobs from working-class Israelis and submit Chinese workers to exploitative conditions which amounted to indentured labour.
- diplomats' memoir
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151222/PDF/b14_screen.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151223/PDF/b13_screen.pdf
- http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20161113/19831727 以色列女漢學家Irene Eber（伊愛蓮
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-11/30/content_27524190.htm Israeli Sinologist Yuri Pines Born in Kiev, Ukraine, in 1964, Pines grew up in the former Soviet Union at a time when ties between China and the Soviet had deteriorated.He now teaches at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2017-02/03/content_28089675.htm Israeli doctor Moris Topaz's ties with China have grown since a massive earthquake struck Sichuan in 2008
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/05/19/a22-0519.pdf一名來自以色列、79歲高齡的卡爾尼（Israel Karny）近日與友人一起來到黑龍江省哈爾濱，開啟了他的冰城「尋根」之旅。在卡爾尼出生前，他的爺爺和父親在哈爾濱生活多年，爺爺曾是哈爾濱猶太人組織的領導人兼會計。卡爾尼說：「這次來哈爾濱是為了感受爺爺和父親當年的足跡。」卡爾尼表示，雖然他已經79歲了，也不會講中文，但想看看祖父輩生活過的地方的願望一直沒有變。卡爾尼1938年出生在天津，在天津生活6年後移居上海，1948年以色列建國，卡爾尼一家於1949年返回以色列。
Hong Kong
- official visit
- 財政司司長陳茂波展開首次官式訪問以色列的行程，推動兩地加強經貿和創科合作。他歡迎以色列的創新企業利用香港金融平台籌集資金，其中港交所已推出新上市制度，容許「同股不同權」公司在主板上市，並歡迎當地頂尖科研機構來港落戶。陳茂波在以色列時間前日抵達特拉維夫。在財經事務及庫務局局長劉怡翔及投資推廣署署長傅仲森陪同下，他先與以色列創新局主席、經濟部首席科學家Ami Appelbaum博士會面，了解以色列在創新科技的最新發展。一行和香港商貿代表團其後又參與簡介會，聽取以色列的營商環境和機遇，以及數家獲香港資金支持的以色列創科公司分享合作經驗。他表示，以色列是全球領先的創科及高科技中心，在發展金融科技、生物科技和生物醫藥等方面的成功經驗，值得香港借鏡。陳茂波其後出席特區政府和香港貿發局合辦的午餐會。他指出，特區政府正致力推動創科成為香港經濟的新動力，認為以色列和香港兩地的科技企業和人才在發展高科技方面擁有巨大的合作空間，歡迎當地創新企業利用香港國際級的金融平台籌集資金。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/09/05/a14-0905.pdf
- 12may16
- 2may17, 19apr18, 9may19 (national day)
- association
- Israeli chamber of commerce
- tech
- Sponsored rehabilitation event in oct
- article featuring israeli cg in hk hkej 4aug14 a4
- li ka shing foundation and an israeli institute co-organised a youth delegation from hk to israel hkej 9jan15 a10, singtao 9jan15 a9, hket 9jan15 a20, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150109/PDF/a18_screen.pdf, http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/financeestate/art/20150109/18996566, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150119/PDF/a7_screen.pdf, http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201501/0119/HZ13119CCXX.pdf
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151209/PDF/a23_screen.pdf 香港和以色 列推出研發合作計劃，推動兩地之間的產業研 發合作，本港企業不論所屬科技領域，全年均 可申請。每個項目可獲最多一千萬元的一對一 配對資助，且為期最長兩年。當局會有專門聯 絡人，協助本港企業物色和聯絡以色列夥伴。 創新及科技局局長楊偉雄表示，以色列站在科 學和創新科技的尖端，相信香港與之合作，能 推動本地創科產業的發展。 特區政府昨日宣布推出 「香港與以色列研 發合作計劃」，楊偉雄與以色列駐香港及澳門 特別行政區總領事高史歌（Sagi Karni）出席 儀式。
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/03/10/a27-0310.pdf今年 1月發表的施政報告，重點提出加強香港青少年與「一帶一路」國 家的交流，助其開闊眼界拓展未來機遇。事實上，香港高等院校早已積極開展有關工作。其中，香港 理工大學設計學院早前便率先與「一帶一路」沿線的以色列藝術設計學院簽署協議，推出港以兩地首個針對創意設計學科的 交換計劃，每年可供兩三名設計學院學生前往當地交換 1個學期。院長方啟思指，以色列是科技發展重地，港生可藉以體驗 創新設計意念，啟發自身的思維及視野。
- 日前，「以色列理工 - 中以共創新」晚宴在香港洲際酒店舉行，香港政府的代表、來自香港和內地的風險投資者、實業家及學術界人士出席了本次活動。此次宴會旨在展示以色列高科技產業、以色列理工在其發展中的核心作用、新的聯威以色列理工科技基金以及中國內地、香港及以色列三地之間的技術轉讓合作關係。席間，一段視頻介紹了新的聯威以色列理工科技基金，作為學術界與產業界之間的橋樑，該聯繫致力於識別並將創新理念轉化為商業產品，並對我們的生活產生深遠的影響。以色列理工學院校長佩雷茨．拉維教授談到了以色列高科技領域以及以色列理工學院對以色列乃至全球創新的推動作用。此外，諾貝爾獎得主 Aaron Ciechanover教授、廣東以色列理工學院校長李劍閣、以色列駐港澳總領事 Ahuva Spieler 、香港以色列商會主席 Rafael Aharoni 博士、聯威以色列理工合夥企業普通合夥人及聯威資本聯合創始人、以色列理工創投基金合夥人劉志耀、及香港投資推廣署助理署長吳國才等數位知名人士均在晚宴致辭並發表精彩演講。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/12/01/b05-1201.pdf
- delegations to hk
- http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/2095186/israeli-companies-explore-listing-options-hong-kong-says Israeli technology and health care companies are eyeing stock market listings in Hong Kong in a bid to establish closer ties with Chinese investors and customers, according to accounting giant PricewaterhouseCoopers. The firm’s Israel partner Eitan Glazer has just led a delegation of companies to Hong Kong to meet with senior stock exchange officials and investors.
- 黃志祥昨透露，準備下月 到以色列了解當地科技發展，如有適合 地產的高科技，會由信和置業參與；若 屬非地產的高科技，則會由家族投資。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/10/27/b02-1027.pdf
- investors in hk
- Malca-amit - service to secure transportation and storage of gemstones, precious metals and fine arts
- http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2049283/israeli-security-company-offers-solution-safeguard-home-valuables
- investors from HK
- 以色列駐香港及澳門總領事Sagi Karni昨在發佈會上表示，去年中國內地投資以色列的金額約為1,600億美元至1,650億美元。香港投資以色列的金額顯著增加，其中包括內地資金透 過香港基金投資，此外來自香港著名家族的家族投資亦明顯上升，從傳統股票、房地產轉而投資高科技。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/06/20/b02-0620.pdf
- Hutchison - desalination plant http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958211810700069 IDE Technologies Ltd, a company that specialises in developing, planning, building and operating desalination plants, and Hutchison Water, have won a tender to build Israel's Sorek desalination plant.
- israelis in hk
- event in hk
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/focus/2016-03/30/content_15407828.html Professor Atara Sivan came to Hong Kong in 1987 from Israel to pursue her PhD at the University of Hong Kong. She recalls there were only a few Israelis working in Hong Kong back then. Among them was her husband, who transferred here to open a subsidiary branch of an Israeli high-tech company. Sivan planned to stay for six months but was subsequently offered a chance to continue her studies and later take up a teaching position. Her planned short stay in Hong Kong has stretched out over nearly three decades. She goes back to Israel periodically. “That makes me an envoy for here and an envoy for there,” she says. Now associate dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Hong Kong Baptist University, Sivan has seen rapid changes in Hong Kong’s demographic profile since the 1980s. During her time here, more than a million have arrived in Hong Kong from the Chinese mainland. Israel has experienced similar growth, absorbing over a million migrants, mostly from Russia. Some of her Israeli colleagues advised the Hong Kong government on how these newcomers might be better integrated to the mainstream. Sivan herself plays an active role in bringing together other academics and students to help the neediest learn from each other. Community of Practice, a project led by Sivan, enables teaching staff to transfer their academic and professional expertise to university students, percolating down to secondary school students and subsequently to the community at large.
- 以色列80後富二代Zac Abrahami http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20180730/00269_002.html
- event in hk
- Israel week 2015 co-organised by israel cg in hk and polyu culture promotion committee www.polyu.edu.hk/cpeo
- The Consulate has jointly presented three Israeli film festivals with the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The Hong Kong Jewish Film Festival is held annually. http://embassies.gov.il/hong-kong/Departments/Pages/cultural-affairs.aspx
- china israel investment summit http://www.china-israel-investment.com
- ihk one of the co-organisers
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