USA

Midwest
-http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21657381-do-former-industrial-cities-midwest-have-future-reinvention-rust-belt

Viriginia
- Virginia Economic Development Partnership www.yesvirginia.org/www.exportvirginia.org
- invest in virginia resources http://www.yesvirginia.org/ToolsResources/Library
- investors http://virginiascan.yesvirginia.org/International/IntlOwned/table.aspx
- investors from China

• China Telecom
• China unicom
• eurublower
• general gene
• huawei technologies
• superwatt
• asia pulp and paper
• star precision industries
• touchroad international holdings
• u quality automotive products 
• zte 
• innosound technologies
• astar biotechnologies

Arizona
- Nogales is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. Known in O'odham as Nowa:l,^{[citation needed]} (which translates as "prickly pear cactus" or the Spanish "nopal") the name Nogales means "black walnuts" in Spanish, and the walnut trees which once grew abundantly in the mountain pass between the cities of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, can still be found around the town.Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775–1776 Juan Bautista de Anza Expedition as it entered the present day U.S. from New Spain, and the town is now on the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail. On the second floor of the 1904 Nogales Courthouse is a small room dedicated to the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition. In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established Los Nogales de Elías. Following the Gadsden purchase in 1853, Nogales became a part of the United States of America. On August 27, 1918, a battle between United States Army forces and Mexican militia - mostly civilian in composition - took place. Culminating as the result of a decade's worth of tensions originating from the Mexican Revolution and earlier battles in Nogales along the border in 1913 and 1915, the main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall between Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, along the previously unobstructed boundary line on International Street.
- yuma county尤馬郡成立於1864年11月8日，是該州原來的四個郡之一，郡名紀念尤馬人。

• Long settled by Native Americans of indigenous cultures for thousands of years, this area was controlled by the Spanish Empire in the colonial era. In the 19th century, it was part of independent Mexico before the Mexican–American War and Gadsden Purchase.The area is watered by the Colorado River, and the sector supplies a large part of the US leafy vegetables.^[6][7] The Yuma Lettuce Days festival and agritourism is connected to Yuma agriculture.
• The city of Yuma operates as a charter city under the Charter of the City of Yuma.^[11] The elected government of the city is the City Council which follows the mayor–council government system. A number of movies have been shot in the Yuma area, including The Sheik (1921), Beau Geste (1926), Beau Geste (1939), Beau Geste (1966), Gunga Din (1939), Flight of the Phoenix (1966), Return of the Jedi (1983) and Spaceballs (1987).

- The Silver Economy: Downsizers transform US housing landscape
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7cc9d5f8-10ea-11e4-b116-00144feabdc0.html
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/6e02096a-a3d7-11e5-873f-68411a84f346.html US-Mexico border: Arizona's open door


Alaska
- 迪纳利Denali (/dɪˈnɑːli/) (also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name)^[7] is the highest mountain peak in North America.   The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as "Denali" for centuries. In 1896, a gold prospector named it "Mount McKinley" in support of then-presidential candidate William McKinley; that name was the official name recognized by the Federal government of the United States from 1917 until 2015. In August 2015, following the 1975 lead of the State of Alaska, the United States Department of the Interior announced the change of the official name of the mountain to Denali.In 1896, a gold prospector named it McKinley as political support for then-presidential candidate William McKinley, who became president the following year. The United States formally recognized the name Mount McKinley after President Wilson signed the Mount McKinley National Park Act of February 26, 1917.^[23] In 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson declared the north and south peaks of the mountain the "Churchill Peaks", in honor of British statesman Winston Churchill. The Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain to Denali in 1975, which was how it is called locally.^[7][25] However, a request in 1975 from the Alaska state legislature to the United States Board on Geographic Names to do the same at the federal level was blocked by Ohio congressman Ralph Regula, whose district included McKinley's hometown of Canton. On August 30, 2015, just ahead of a presidential visit to Alaska, the Barack Obama administration announced the name Denali would be restored in line with the Alaska Geographic Board's designation.^[9][27] U.S. Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell issued the order changing the name to Denali on August 28, 2015, effective immediately.
- Denali National Park was known as Mount McKinley National Park until December 2, 1980, when it was changed by legislation signed by President Jimmy Carter.
-  Ketchikan (/ˈkɛtʃɪkæn/ KETCH-ih-kan; Tlingit: Kichx̱áan) is a city in the Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska, United States, the southeasternmost city in Alaska. Ketchikan is named after Ketchikan Creek, which flows through the town, emptying into the Tongass Narrows a short distance southeast of its downtown. "Ketchikan" comes from the Tlingit name for the creek, Kitschk-hin, the meaning of which is unclear. It may mean "the river belonging to Kitschk"; other accounts claim it means "Thundering Wings of an Eagle". In modern Tlingit this name is rendered as Kichx̱áan. Ketchikan Creek served as a summer fish camp for Tlingit natives for untold years before the town was established by Mike Martin in 1885. Ketchikan has the world's largest collection of standing totem poles.
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21614233-virtues-and-shortcomings-eskimo-capitalism-hunting-dividends
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21705605-tunnel-vision-chilliest-state-growing-farmers
- china

• The northwestern-most U.S. state of Alaska is making serious efforts to become a stable supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG)) for China, according to a top executive from the Alaskan oil and gas industry. The proposed LNG export is "a beautiful fit" for both Alaska and China and helps solidify ties between the United States and China, Keith Meyer, president of Alaska Gasline Development Corp., told Xinhua in a recent interview.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/03/c_136579681.htm
• Alaska seeding broader economic ties with China http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-10/10/content_33056255.htm

Appalachia (/ˌæpəˈlætʃə, -ˈleɪtʃə/) is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.  Within Appalachia, there are several areas of urban concentration, the largest being the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in Pennsylvania. In Alabama, the Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is the largest urban concentration followed by the Huntsville metropolitan area . In Tennessee, the Knoxville metropolitan area and the Chattanooga metropolitan areaare the urban clusters. Other notable areas include Asheville and the Greenville metropolitan area in the Carolinas, and in West Virginia, the Charleston metropolitan area.
- Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music that is influenced by the music of Appalachia. Bluegrass has mixed roots in Irish, Scottish and English traditional music, and was also later influenced by the music of African-Americans through incorporation of jazz elements.

Arkansas
- china

• Hefei Risever Machinery Co Ltd, headquartered in Hefei, Anhui province, has chosen Jonesboro, Arkansas as the site for its first facility in the US. The move comes after years of concerted effort by the Arkansas Economic Development Commission and Governor Asa Hutchinson, according to the governor's office.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-10/27/content_33762603.htm

辛辛那堤Cincinnati was commonly referred to as the "Paris of America", due mainly to such ambitious architectural projects as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel, and Shillito Department Store.^[15] Cincinnati is the birthplace of William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States.
- Cincinnati began in 1788 when Mathias Denman, Colonel Robert Patterson, and Israel Ludlow landed at a spot at the northern bank of the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Licking and decided to settle there. The original surveyor, John Filson, named it "Losantiville". In 1790, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, changed the name of the settlement to "Cincinnati" in honor of the Society of the Cincinnati, made up of Revolutionary War veterans, of which he was a member;^[18] which was in turn named for Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, a dictator in the early Roman Republic who saved Rome from a crisis, and then retired to farming because he didn't want to remain in power. The introduction of steamboats on the Ohio River in 1811 opened up the city's trade to more rapid shipping, and the city established commercial ties with St. Louis, Missouri and New Orleans downriver. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city on March 1, 1819.^[20] Exporting pork products and hay, it became a center of pork processing in the region. 
- china 

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201902/11/WS5c619712a3106c65c34e8c2c.html The bond between Cincinnati and China is growing stronger than ever. Cincinnati Mayor John Cranley's trip to China at the end of 2018 not only resulted in the signing of a memorandum of understanding on a partnership between Chongqing and Cincinnati, but also strengthened his desire for mutually beneficial business ties between the US and China.

colorado
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-03/27/content_28686914.htm In an exclusive interview with Xinhua, the two-term governor, who has a similar businessbackground to the US president, looked at Trump's potential success with China. Governor John Hickenlooper was a successful businessman before suddenly turning his sights on politics, and was elected Denver mayor in 2003. Just a few months ago, the Colorado politician of 14 years was considered a top pick to joinDemocratic presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton's administration as vice-president or secretaryof agriculture.
In the interview, Hickenlooper was openly gracious toward Trump, and shared his optimismabout the president's international agenda, especially concerning China.

connecticut
- greenwich is named after Greenwich, a borough of London in the United Kingdom. The town of Greenwich was settled in 1640. One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop, daughter-in-law of John Winthrop, founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What is now called Greenwich Point was known for much of the area's early history as "Elizabeth's Neck" in recognition of Elizabeth Fones and their 1640 purchase of the Point and much of the area now known as Old Greenwich. Greenwich was declared a township by the General Assembly in Hartford on May 11, 1665.

• jake van der kamp wrote about the qianhai is not even HK, let alone greenwich scmp 9apr17

- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-04/10/content_28856794.htm As president and founder of Connecticut Hedge Fund Association, a Greenwich-based association that represents the world's second largest hedge fund center, Bruce McGuire has been playing a key role in developing China's asset management industry. Chinese authorities have of late been increasing their efforts to develop and support the industry in a bid to spur local economic growth and attract financial talent. But with the country's hedge fund scene still at a nascent stage, professionals from the sector have been eager to learn from foreign experts such as McGuire. Back in 2011 when Chinese authorities were looking to build the country's first investment management commercial park, McGuire was the one who helped organize a trip that brought a delegation from Shanghai's Fengxian district to Greenwich, Connecticut, to learn more about the industry.

Detroit
- ft revitalised cities supp 12sep18 
- The 1967 Detroit riot, also known as the12th Street riot, was a violent public disorder that turned into a civil disturbancein Detroit, Michigan. It began on a Saturday night in the early morning hours of July 23, 1967. The precipitating event was a police raid of an unlicensed, after-hours bar then known as a blind pig, on the corner of 12th (today Rosa Parks Boulevard) and Clairmount streets on the city's Near West Side. Police confrontations with patrons and observers on the street evolved into one of the deadliest and most destructiveriots in the history of the United States, lasting five days and surpassing the violence and property destruction of Detroit's 1943 race riot. To help end the disturbance, GovernorGeorge W. Romney ordered the Michigan Army National Guard into Detroit, andPresident Lyndon B. Johnson sent in both the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. The result was 43 dead, 1,189 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed. The scale of the riot was surpassed in the United States only by the 1863 New York City draft riots during the U.S. Civil War, and the 1992 Los Angeles riots. The riot was prominently featured in the news media, with live television coverage, extensive newspaper reporting, and extensive stories in Timeand Life magazines. The Detroit Free Presswon a Pulitzer Prize for its coverage.
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-ford-jobs-idUSKBN16Z19M Ford Motor Co on Tuesday said it would invest $1.2 billion in three Michigan facilities and create 130 jobs in projects largely in line with a previous agreement with the United Auto Workers union, hours after U.S. President Donald Trump touted a "major investment" by the automaker on Twitter. In January, Ford scrapped plans to build a $1.6 billion car factory in Mexico and instead added 700 jobs in Michigan following Trumps criticism that centered on trade and investing in America.- arab link

• http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21717104-recently-bankrupt-city-needs-newcomers-how-immigrants-are-helping-detroits-recovery

- investors from China

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2015-07/31/content_21462905.htm YFS Automotive Systems Inc, a Chinese-owned maker of automotive fuel tanks, will open a plant in Detroit in early 2017 that is expected to eventually employ 174 people. The nearly $27 million investment, announced Wednesday, comes despite some problems with China's economy. Growth has slowed more than anticipated and recently the country's stock market has taken a tumble. Despite the current economic headwinds, Brian Connors, China business development manager for the Michigan Economic Development Corp, which helped lure YPF to the Motor City, said the state will remain an attractive place for Chinese auto companies.
• 中国慈兴集团旗下CW公司北美製造中心25日在美国汽车之城底特律启动，表明又一家中国高端製造企业打入美国汽车工业核心地区，这一製造中心将提供美国畅销车型福特F150轻便客货两用车所用的转向系统轴承。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170827/PDF/a8_screen.pdf

- investors from hk

• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2016/02/16/a22-0216.pdf 美國底特律郊區諾維市中餐館「金翠軒」附近一間住宅兩 周前起火，消防員事後在地牢內發現 5名年齡介乎 16至 23歲 的墨西哥非法移民死亡，據悉他們均在金翠軒工作。美國聯 邦當局近日起訴金翠軒 55 歲港人移民老闆羅杰．譚(Roger Tam，譯音)及其 妻子窩藏非法移 民，若罪成最高 可判 10年有期徒 刑及罰款 25萬美 元 ( 約 195 萬 港 元)。

Florida
- Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1969 the city was expanded by merging with nearby Eau Gallie.After the Civil War, pioneer families arrived, and Melbourne was founded in 1867. The first settlers arrived after 1877. They included Richard W. Goode, his father John Goode, Cornthwaite John Hector, Captain Peter Wright, Balaam Allen, Wright Brothers, and Thomas Mason. Three of these men, Wright, Allen, and Brothers were black freedmen. The city, formerly called "Crane Creek", was named Melbourne in honor of its first postmaster, Cornthwaite John Hector, an Englishman who had spent much of his life in Melbourne, Australia. He is buried in the Melbourne Cemetery, along with many early residents in the area. The first school in Melbourne was built in 1883 and is on permanent exhibit on the campus of Florida Institute of Technology. By 1885, the town had 70 people. The Greater Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded in 1885 and is still active.
- palm island

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2017-04/10/content_28863220.htm Founded as a resort escape for the elites back in the late 1800s, the island saw a growing convergence of wealthy people in the 1910s and 1920s due to its warm winter. "This started the historical development of Palm Beach being the wealthiest community in United States," says Rick Rose, a local historian who lives in Palm Beach County. At that time, only the wealthy, or at least upper-class Americans, could afford to travel. They built boutique hotels, golf courses, and mansions. Their way of life continues to this day. During peak seasons, there are extravagant balls almost every night. When Starbucks wanted to open a store there, says Rose, the company was not allowed to have their classic green sign put up on the avenue. The Everglades Club is known for being the most restrictive, in terms of its entry and enrollment. To this day, the club does not have a website. Entry is out of the question if you are not a member.

- enterprise florida
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21644190-florida-blames-georgia-plummeting-shellfish-harvests-lawns-v-oysters Since 1990 Georgia, Florida and Alabama have battled over the water from two river basins: the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint. To complicate matters, the federal Army Corps of Engineers runs dams and on the rivers. Georgia’s farms, Alabama’s factories and Florida’s shellfish all depend on their water. Atlanta alone draws in 360m gallons a day; by 2035 the city could suck up twice that.
- china

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-12/26/content_19170607.htm The United States lobster trade with China is growing rapidly, especially for a species called the spiny lobster that is harvested in the Florida Keys. "China has upended the supply chain for lobster," said John Sackton, editor and publisher of US-based SeafoodNews. "The Chinese prefer the spiny lobster over its better-known brethren, the North American or Maine lobster. Part of the reason is cultural. The Chinese think of a spiny lobster as similar to a dragon prawn and the dragon is a very powerful symbol in China."
• http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-13/sun-sand-and-stir-fry-miami-woos-chinese-investors-cities The developer from the city of Linyi in China’s wintry northeast aims to make Florida’s most-populous metropolitan area, with its clean beaches and tropical climate, a destination for Chinese property investors. “We are focused on bringing to Miami the new wave of Chinese who are wealthy and educated,” Li said in a phone interview via a translator. “The environment in Miami makes for a very suitable lifestyle. Playing golf and going to the beach are huge attractions.”

- useful sites

• business incubators, vc firms, largest public and private companies Florida Trend (http://www.floridatrend.com/business-florida)

- SCMP http://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1457254/floridas-key-position-attracts-investors hanshih.toh@scmp.com 

26 March, 2014 Florida's strategic position as a gateway to Latin America is one of the factors attracting mainland Chinese and Hong Kong investors to buy real estate in the southeastern US state. 
"Investors from around the world, including China, consider Miami's relationship with Latin America as a significant catalyst for growth. This, combined with the fact that property prices are 40 per cent below their peak, is the main reason why investors are buying property in Florida," said Charlie Rosier, a director of Blackfish, a consultancy which helps Asian clients invest in US property. 
Rosier said Florida was a gateway to Latin America in the same way as Hong Kong was for mainland China. "As such, it is the third-largest wealth management centre in the world after New York and London." 
Chinese investment in Miami, Florida's biggest city, accounted for 3.7 per cent of the city's property sales, he said. 
This was the same as Brazil in 2010, which more than doubled its property investment in Florida in 2011, he said. 
"We expect similar increase from Chinese investment in 2014 and 2015," Rosier said. 
"Miami has been described as the Hong Kong of Latin America. South Florida has a huge advantage for Chinese businesses looking to locate their headquarters for Latin America," said Gray Swoope, the chief executive of Enterprise Florida, the state's economic development organisation. 
There were more than 1,000 corporate headquarters and logistics facilities serving Latin America in south Florida, including Miami, said Manuel Mencia, a senior vice-president of Enterprise Florida. 
Florida handled 40 per cent of US trade with Latin America and the Caribbean, said Bill Johnson, a director of Miami Port, in a report by Blackfish. 
Miami had more flights to Latin America than all the other US cities combined, Swoope said. 
Florida has 15 deepwater ports, while Miami airport is the largest international airfreight hub in the US. 
"It's natural for us to trade with China," said Swoope, who is also the state's commerce secretary. 
China is the third-largest trading partner of Florida, after Brazil and Colombia. Last year, China's trade with Florida grew 7.9 per cent to US$9.65 billion, close to Colombia's US$9.95 billion but far behind Brazil's US$20.5 billion, according to official US data. 
China was Florida's largest import source, accounting for most of the trade worth US$9.65 billion between the two sides, Mencia said. 
Florida's exports to Hong Kong surged 41 per cent to US$1.3 billion last year, making the city the top Asian destination for the US state, according to Enterprise Florida. 
Swire Properties is one of the biggest developers in Florida and is constructing the tallest building in the region, the 80-storey One Brickell City Centre. 
The US$1.05 billion mixed-use development in Miami has a gross floor area of 5.4 million square feet and will house office, residential, hotel, shops and entertainment facilities. The project is scheduled to be completed next year. 
Fortune International Realty, property firm in Florida, has sold 25 properties in the state since November last year. 
Six were sold to mainland Chinese and two to Hong Kong buyers, said Fernando De Nunez, the company's international vice-president, in the Blackfish report. 

Illinois
- hk

• state of illinois far east office 

• exhibited at 2015 tdc sme expo

IOWA
- 艾奧瓦州別名「鷹眼州」（Hawkeye State），盛產大豆、粟米、豬肉。在中美關稅戰開打前，每年向中國出口數十億美元的大豆和豬肉。外界預料，中美簽署首階段協議後，中國將再次向美國購買大批大豆和豬肉，因此特朗普希望在該州簽署亦不無理由。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191103/00180_002.html- japanese link?

• Dyersville was laid out in 1851. It was named for early landowner James Dyer. re baseball field (kevin costner's film of dreams) and the japanese wikipedia version

- The United States' best-known farm in China, Kimberley Farms in Iowa, received a group of leading think tank researchers from Beijing for the first time on Sunday, after becoming an attraction for Chinese visitors since President Xi Jinping's visit five years ago. Iowa, a major agricultural state in the US Midwest, was the second-largest soybean producing US state last year, and it exports 60 percent of its soybeans, mainly to China. When Xi visited the Kimberley farm in February 2012, the Chinese leader said he wanted to use the Iowa farmstead as a model for China's agriculture, Kimberley said. "We've taken this to heart, and I've been to China eight times, visiting 30 cities in 10 provinces, to talk with agricultural officials and try to explain how we farm here and talk about bringing more technologies to China," he said. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017-06/13/content_29720111.htm 

• https://www.economist.com/special-report/2019/05/16/why-iowa-is-xi-jinpings-favourite-corner-of-america xi jinping's visit in 1985

- A delegation of nearly 50 people from the US state of Iowa started their 10-day visit to China on Sunday and a groundbreaking for a China-US Friendship Demonstration Farm, believed to be the first of its kind, is set for Saturday.http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-09/19/content_32184431.htm
Kansas City, Missouri was incorporated as a town on June 1, 1850, and as a city on March 28, 1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a good place to build settlements. 
- The first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, he had deserted his post as fort commander and was avoiding French authorities. Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles (140 km) east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. To clear his name, he wrote Exact Description of Louisiana, of Its Harbors, Lands and Rivers, and Names of the Indian Tribes That Occupy It, and the Commerce and Advantages to Be Derived Therefrom for the Establishment of a Colony in 1713 followed in 1714 by The Route to Be Taken to Ascend the Missouri River. In the documents, he describes the junction of the "Grande Riv[ière] des Cansez" and Missouri River, making him the first to adopt those names. French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the area's first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, but were not to play a major role other than taxing and licensing Missouri River ship traffic. The French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. The Chouteau family operated under Spanish license at St. Louis in the lower Missouri Valley as early as 1765 and in 1821 the Chouteaus reached Kansas City, where François Chouteau established Chouteau's Landing.
- The Hyatt Regency walkway collapse was a major disaster that occurred on July 17, 1981, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200 others during a tea dance. At the time, it was the deadliest structural collapse in US history.
- Kansas City is often abbreviated as KC (abbreviations often refer to the metropolitan area). It is officially nicknamed the "City of Fountains". The fountains at Kauffman Stadium, commissioned by original Kansas City Royals owner Ewing Kauffman, are the largest privately funded fountains in the world. The city has more boulevards than any other city except Paris and has been called "Paris of the Plains". Soccer's popularity, at both professional and youth levels, as well as Children's Mercy Park's popularity as a home stadium for the U.S. Men's National Team has to the appellation as the " Soccer Capital of America". Residents are known as Kansas Citians. The city is sometimes referred to as the "Heart of America", as it is near both the population center of the United States and the geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.
- The large community of Irish-Americans numbers over 50,000. The Irish were the first large immigrant group to settle in Kansas City and founded its first newspaper.^[66] The Irish community includes bands, dancers, newspapers, Irish stores and the Kansas City Irish Center at Drexel Hall in Midtown. 
- In 1911, Elias Disney moved his family from Marceline to Kansas City. They lived in a new home with a garage built by Elias Disney, which became the location for Walt's very first animation, at 3028 Bellefontaine. In 1919, Walt Disney returned from France where he had served as a Red Cross Ambulance Driver in World War I. Walt started the first animation company Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City. Later, the company went bankrupt, Walt Disney moved to Hollywood, and started The Walt Disney Company on October 16, 1923.


Kentucky
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-01/20/content_28008500.htm The first Chinese company ventured into Kentucky as late as 2013 when Shandong Borun Process Industrial Technology Co acquired Birtley Industrial Equipment. Last year, Haier Group acquired GE Appliances for $5.6 billion. In the same year, a consortium of investors led by Apex Technology based in Zhuhai, Guangdong province, and PAG Asia Capital acquired Lexmark International Inc for $3.6 billion. Together, the Chinese companies employ about 8,500 people in the state.
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170502/00178_017.html美國肯塔基州小鎮摩根敦（Morgantown），據報因渴望中國投資者在當地建設工廠，在接待兩名中國官媒記者時，不惜大費周章搞排場活動，包括在市政廳裏迎門擺放五星旗、美國國旗，在法院大樓前升起五星旗，又在小學校門口張貼歡迎標語，安排小學生舉行歡迎儀式，展示漢語教學成果，還請肯塔基州官員專程趕來見面。報道引述摩根敦鎮長菲爾普斯表示，鎮政府已經規劃好供中國企業使用的土地，土地位於鋪設了互聯網光纜的小鎮工業園區、鄰近通往附近城市和機場的公路，「我們盼望與中國城市結為友好城市，渴望中國企業來我們這裏投資建廠，我們需要你們（記者）幫助中國人知道我們這個地方」。而當地農場亦希望向中國出口更多粟米和大豆。事實上，摩根敦不是首次表示希望吸引中國的投資，當地在今年一月亦曾接待來自中國的代表團。而中國官媒報道亦指，自二○○○年以來，已有七家中國公司在肯塔基州先後投資十五個項目，總投資額達十四億美元（約一百零九億港元），為當地創造了逾八千六百個工作機會。
- china daily 13may19 chinese backed fish park revives kentucky

louisiana
- language

• https://www.quora.com/Is-French-language-spoken-frequently-in-Lousiana-If-so-what-parts 

Maine
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2015-12/04/content_22625703.htm The state now supports more than 20 companies that grow or collect seaweed, about double from 10 years ago. Maine harvesters collected 17.7 million pounds of seaweed in 2014 - the most ever recorded for the state and more than four times the 2004 total. "Maine is excited about seaweed, and the world is excited about seaweed," says Hillary Krapf, founder of the Maine Seaweed Festival, whose second year drew more than 3,000 people in August in South Portland, more than twice the first year. "It's totally piqued right now." It's true. Seaweed is hot. "More people are interested in sea vegetables, and a lot more Americans are a lot more savvy about eating nutritious foods," says Susan Brawley, a University of Maine botanist. "There's no one profile a seaweed has, just like a tomato is not like a spinach." Seaweed - formed from marine algae - comes in many forms. Rockweed is by the far the most commonly harvested type in Maine, and its uses include fertilizer, soil conditioner, nutrients for animal feed and extracts by commercial food processors. But seaweed harvesters and processors in Maine say there is also more interest in at least nine other kinds of seaweed as food, and they tout the plant's high concentration of nutrients. Popular Maine seaweeds include sugar kelp, which can be used as an alternative to pasta, and Irish moss, which is used in brewing beer. Seaweed production in Maine is just a blip on the worldwide scene, an annual 25 million-ton business that is dominated by China, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea and Japan, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Maine overtook California as the biggest producer of seaweed in the US in 2006, state and federal figures show.

Massachusetts
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170117/00178_003.html美國麻薩諸塞州交通局（MBTA）上月已向中國中車簽訂總價約二億七千萬美元（約廿一億港元）的新訂單，增購一百三十四輛新地鐵列車。
- Salem is a coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the United States, located on Massachusetts' North Shore. It is a New England bedrock of history and is considered one of the most significant seaports in Puritan American history.The city is home to the House of Seven Gables, Salem State University, the Salem Willows Park, Forrest River Park, Federal Street District, Charter Street Historic District, and the Peabody Essex Museum. Salem is a residential and tourist area which includes the neighborhoods of Salem Neck, Downtown Salem District,^[7] The Point, South Salem and North Salem, Witchcraft Heights, Pickering Wharf, and the McIntire Historic District^[8] (named after Salem's famous architect and carver Samuel McIntire). Much of the city's cultural identity reflects its role as the location of the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692, as featured in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. Police cars are adorned with witch logos, a local public school is known as the Witchcraft Heights Elementary School, the Salem High School athletic teams are named the Witches, and Gallows Hill is currently used as a playing field for various sports, originally believed to be the site of numerous public hangings. President Barack Obama signed executive order HR1339 on January 10, 2013, designating Salem as the birthplace of the U.S. National Guard.

Michigan
- Charlevoix is named after Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, a French explorer who travelled the Great Lakes and was said to have stayed the night on Fisherman's Island during a harsh storm. During this time Native Americans were thought to have lived in the Pine River valley. The Odawa and Ojibwe lived throughout northern Michigan prior to European colonization.European-American settlement of Charlevoix was initially by fishermen, who were there by 1852. Soon after its formation in the 1850s, the residents of Charlevoix entered into a short-lived conflict with Jesse Strang, leader and namesake of the Strangite Mormons, and then self-proclaimed 'king' of Beaver Island. Relations between Charlevoix residents and the Strangites were often tense. In 1853, a gunfight broke out between the two groups as the townspeople refused to hand over a man who was called for jury duty on the island, an event known locally as The Battle of Pine River. Strang was assassinated on June 20, 1856.The Homestead Act of 1862 brought many Civil War veterans and speculators to Northern Michigan. 

• In 1880, several members of the First Congregational Church of Chicago formed a Chicago Summer Resort association, now known as the "Chicago Club." Early citizens contributed to the founding of such early institutions as the Lewis Grand Opera House (1883) and Methodist (1878) and Congregational (1885) churches. In 1892, the first rail traffic to Charlevoix arrived as the Chicago and West Michigan Railway extended rail service from Traverse city to Bay View. (This is not related to the 1901 Detroit and Charlevoix Railroad line to East Jordan). Rail lines opened up formerly remote tracts of inland land and lakeshore to commercial, industrial, resort, and other real estate development

- It is a place where headscarves are almost as common as baseball caps, where women in hijab work out at the gym next to those scantily clad in Lycra, where the kibbeh (spiced raw meat) tastes almost as good as in Beirut. The unofficial Arab-American capital of the US prides itself on being an immigrant melting pot, where nearly everyone's ancestors came from Lebanon or Yemen or Iraq, from Poland or Ireland or Germany. Americans of every ethnicity have lived side by side here for decades, almost always harmoniously. But these days, passions are running high over Mr Trump's temporary ban on immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries — not including Lebanon which, crucially, is the ancestral home of about half of Dearborn’s Arab population. Even within the Arab-American community, which counts a significant number of Trump voters, reasonable people disagree about his executive order. Many think it sends a dangerous signal that Muslims and Arabs are not welcome in the US, while others think it is just a storm in a Middle Eastern coffee cup, which will soon blow over and leave cross-culture relations unharmed. https://www.ft.com/content/32f57088-e9c6-11e6-893c-082c54a7f539
- china

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170709/PDF/a15_screen.pdf该州最大的大豆种植和生产商Zeeland Farm Services（ZFS）公司。ZFS是一家有67年歷史的家族农场，黄豆产量居密歇根州第一位。农场主Cliff Meeuwsen表示，他们目前是通过新加坡的中间商将大豆产品销往中国，他们希望今后能够直接打开中国大门，扩大销售量和品种。

Minnesota is known for its high standard of living and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until the era of white settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, a large number of European settlers entered the state who had mainly emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany. The state remains today a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture. In recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, and Latin Americahas broadened its demographic and cultural composition. The word Minnesota comes from the Dakota name for the Minnesota River: The river got its name from one of two words in the Dakota language, 'Mní sóta' which means "clear blue water",^[7][8] or 'Mnißota', which means cloudy water. Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota.^[11] Many places in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls ("curling water" or waterfall), Minneiska ("white water"), Minneota ("much water"), Minnetonka ("big water"), Minnetrista ("crooked water"), and Minneapolis, a combination of mni and polis, the Greek word for "city".
- nickname: Land of 10,000 Lakes; North Star State; The Gopher State; Agate State; State of Hockey.
- ft 5oct18 "beyond the economic bounty"

mississipi
- 印第安諾拉  Indianola is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta. The town was originally named "Indian Bayou" in 1882 because the site along the river bank was formerly inhabited by a Choctaw Indian village. Between 1882 and 1886, the town's name was changed from "Indian Bayou" to "Eureka," then to "Belengate," and finally "Indianola," which was allegedly in honor of an Indian princess named "Ola." The town population developed at this site due to the location of a lumber mill on the river. In 1891, Minnie M. Cox was appointed postmaster of Indianola, becoming the first black female postmaster in the United States. Her rank was raised from fourth class to third class in 1900, and she was appointed to a full four-year term.In the early and mid-twentieth century a number of Blues musicians originated in the area, including B.B. King, who worked in the local cotton industry in Indianola in the 1940s before pursuing a professional musical career.

missouri
- hannibal

• The site of Hannibal was long occupied by various cultures of indigenous Native American tribes.The river community is best known as the 19th-century boyhood home of author Samuel Langhorne Clemens (aka Mark Twain). The settings of Twain's novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are inspired by this town. Numerous historical sites are associated with Mark Twain and places depicted in his fiction. After the Louisiana Territory was acquired by the United States in 1803, European-American settlers began to enter the area. The town was laid out in 1819 by Moses Bates and named after Hannibal Creek (now known as Bear Creek). The name is ultimately derived from the hero of ancient Carthage in actual Tunisia, Hannibal. Although the city initially grew slowly, with a population of 30 by 1830, its access to the Mississippi River and railroad transportation fueled growth to 2,020 by 1850. It annexed the town of South Hannibal in 1843. Hannibal gained "city" status by 1845. Hannibal was Missouri's third-largest city when the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad was organized in 1846 by John M. Clemens (Mark Twain's father) and associates. It was built to connect to St. Joseph, Missouri in the west, then the state's second-largest city. This railroad was the westernmost line before the Transcontinental Railroad was constructed. It transported mail for delivery to the first outpost of the Pony Express. The city has since served as a regional marketing center for livestock and grain as well as other products produced locally, such as cement and shoes. Cement for the Empire State Building and Panama Canal was manufactured at the Atlas Portland Cement Company in the nearby unincorporated company town of Ilasco.

Montana (/mɒnˈtænə/ (listen)) is a landlocked state in the Northwestern United States. Montana has several nicknames, although none are official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place".The name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña, which in turn comes from the Latin word Montanea, meaning "mountain", or more broadly, "mountainous country".^[9][10]Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west.^[10] The name Montana was added to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories, which was chaired at the time by Rep. James Ashley of Ohio, for the territory that would become Idaho Territory.^[11] The name was changed by Representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained Montana had "no meaning".^[11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory.^[12] This time Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name.^[12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one.^[12] Other names such as Shoshonewere suggested, but it was decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, so the original name of Montana was adopted.
- https://www.rt.com/usa/451663-petition-sell-montana-national-debt/ Around 6,000 people have signed a petition to sell the “useless” state of Montana to Canada for a whopping $1 trillion to “eliminate the national debt” – which is actually well over $22 trillion. “We have too much debt and Montana is useless. Just tell them it has beavers or something,” 
- Chinese ambassador, US Senator co-chair talk to expand agricultural cooperationhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-09/11/content_31839562.htm

Nebraska
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2017-05/08/content_29240434.htm In welcoming scores of Chinese and American business leaders to Omaha, Nebraska Governor Pete Ricketts said that he believes the state's relationship with China will grow. "In China, we see the middle classes are increasing tremendously," Ricketts said on Friday. "That presents opportunities for us to expand the relationship. In Nebraska, we think long term." "That's actually one of the things that is very similar between the Nebraska culture and Chinese culture -- emphasis on long term. That's why I think the relationship with China will grow," he said.

nevada
- Carlin is a small city located near the western border of Elko County in northeast Nevada. The city was named for Civil War general William Passmore Carlin. Its slogan is "Where the Train Stops...And the Gold Rush Begins".On August 12, 1939, the City of San Francisco train derailed while crossing a bridge near Carlin, killing 24 and injuring 121. The wreck appeared to have been caused by sabotage but remains unsolved to this day. The train was operated by a joint partnership of the Chicago and North Western Railway, the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the Union Pacific Railroad.

• kiv spanish and italian wiki versions which were not accessible

new orleans
- [manuscript hunter] amercians call new orleans the crescent city because it is situated on a crescent shaped bend on the mississippi river




Ohio
- China

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2016-06/22/content_25802956.htm Ohio opened a trade office in Shanghai in 2006 and another in Beijing in 2008. China is the third-largest export market for Ohio, trailing Canada and Mexico. Lange said Chinese investors are coming to Ohio for visits almost on a monthly basis and "we are hopeful that we can have more nice investors like Chairman Cao." A typical foreign investment in Ohio creates about 100 jobs.
• http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/30/content_27818953.htm Chinese investors lift previously desolate industrial city of Cleveland
• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-02/07/content_28123385.htm A Michigan-based subsidiary of China's biggest plastics maker will invest $60 million and create 150 jobs over the next three years with an expansion of its suburban Detroit plant. Kingfa Science and Technology (USA) Inc in Canton Township is also the recipient of a $1 million performance-based grant from the Michigan Economic Development Corp that will be used in the expansion.

Oklahoma
- Henryetta's manufacturing base continued to expand in the 1940s and 1950s. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (now PPG Industries) employed nine hundred people at its plate glass production facility, which claimed to be the largest west of the Mississippi River. This plant closed by 1990. Eagle-Picher Company employed more than seven hundred people at its plant that extracted the rare metal germanium. The plant has since closed and became a Superfund cleanup site.


Pennsylvania
- The Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch) are a cultural group formed by early German-speaking immigrants to Pennsylvania and their descendants. The word "Dutch" does not refer to the Dutch people (Nederlanders) or their descendants, but to Deitsch or Deutsch (German). The early wave of settlers, which would eventually coalesce to form the Pennsylvania Dutch, began in the late 17th century and concluded in the late 18th century. The majority of these immigrants originated in what is today southwestern Germany, i.e., Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg; other prominent groups were Alsatians, Dutch, French Huguenots (French Protestants), Moravians from Bohemia and Moravia, and Swiss. Historically they spoke the dialect of German known as Pennsylvania German or Pennsylvania Dutch.

• communities: (a) amish (dominate county of lancaster; strong heritage in strasburg; famous for amish quilts), brethen, memmonites

- William Penn (14 October 1644 – 30 July 1718) was the son of Sir William Penn, and was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. In 1681, King Charles II handed over a large piece of his American land holdings to William Penn to appease the debts the king owed to Penn's father. This land included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware. Penn immediately set sail and took his first step on American soil in New Castle in 1682 after his trans-Atlantic journey. On this occasion, the colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new proprietor, and the first general assembly was held in the colony. Afterwards, Penn journeyed up the Delaware River and founded Philadelphia. On 28 November 1984 Ronald Reagan, by Presidential Proclamation 5284 (authorised by an Act of Congress), declared William Penn and his second wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn, each to be an Honorary Citizen of the United States.
- philadephia

• manufacturing heart of US in 19th century
• The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official World's Fair in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. Officially named the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, it was held in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann.

- pittsburgh

• Allegheny County (/ælɪˈɡeɪni/) is a county in the southwest of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Allegheny was Pennsylvania's first to bear a Native American name, being named after the Allegheny River. The word "Allegheny" is of Lenape origin, with uncertain meaning. It is usually said to mean "fine river", but sometimes said to refer to an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" that lived along the river before being destroyed by the Lenape.

Boston
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160105/00180_025.html 現年四十四歲的威利斯（John Willis），二○一三年洗黑錢及販毒罪成，判囚二十年。書中指，威利斯自小成為孤兒，十六歲時在打鬥中救了一名年輕亞裔男子後，加入了華人黑幫「平安幫」，被幫中人稱為「白鬼約翰」。威利斯此後學會了流利的廣東話、台山話及越南話，逐步「上位」成為幫會高層白明（Bai Ming，音譯）的保鏢。隨後白明成為幫會首領，威利斯亦成幫會第二號人物。威利斯的野心愈來愈大，最終與幫會分道揚鑣，靠非法賭博、經營淫窟及販毒等，過着奢華生活，於二○一一年被捕。書中指，威利斯因今後不能與美籍越裔女友阮映見面，感到非常懊悔。


Nevada
- In an attempt to lift the state out of the hard times of the Great Depression, the Nevada state legislature votes to legalize gambling.At the beginning of the Depression, Nevada’s mines were in decline, and its economy was in shambles. In March 1931, Nevada’s state legislature responded to population flight by taking the drastic measure of legalizing gambling and, later in the year, divorce. -  A Chinese-backed electric car company with visions of revolutionizing transportation — but no product to show yet — announced plans Wednesday to build a $1 billion plant near Las Vegas, marking the second time in just over a year that Nevada has landed a coveted project from the budding industry. California-based automaker Faraday Future's choice of Nevada over three other states is contingent on state lawmakers' approval of tax incentives that haven't been publicly described. The company's announcement, in a letter to Nevada legislators that was obtained by The Associated Press, also came with the revelation that it's backed by a Chinese billionaire investor who styles himself after Apple's late Steve Jobs.http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/12/10/chinese-backed-electric-carmaker-picks-nevada-for-1b-plant/

• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-02/04/content_28096465.htm The Chinese-funded luxury electric car startup Faraday Future said on Friday that it remainscommitted to its $1 billion plant plan in Nevada, but will build the factory in phases and startwith a much smaller facility. Faraday, an affiliate of Beijing-based internet major LeEco, said in a statement to China Dailythat it is adopting a multi-stage manufacturing strategy for its 27.87-hectare auto plant.

- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/06/content_27579357.htm 
A new direct flight between Las Vegas and Beijing was launched on Friday, linking the "entertainment capital of the world" with the Chinese mainland for the first time.
The service will be operated by Hainan Airlines, employing a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner jet. It will make the trip three times a week, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.



North carolina
- economic development partnership
- durham

• http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21694356-inequality-between-states-has-risen-most-past-15-years-americas-most-successful-cities Durham, whose population grew by about 7% in that period, provides some hints as to what makes a place flourish. The city thrives on its proximity to three leading universities—Duke, North Carolina State and the University of North Carolina. Far-sighted planning in 1959 led Durham and its close neighbours, Raleigh and Chapel Hill, to establish a research park between the three cities. The idea was to coax the universities’ boffins into business ventures. It worked; today 50,000 people work there. Unlike much of America, the area has not shied away from infrastructure investment. Raleigh-Durham airport has been renovated with a helping hand from local businesses. The roads are well maintained, if a little crowded. Bill Bell, the city’s mayor, hopes to develop a light-rail system for the city; in 2011 voters approved a sales-tax increase to help pay for it. Investment has also revitalised a deprived downtown area. For most of its history, Durham made tobacco and textiles. When those industries went into decline in the latter half of the 20th century, they left a vacuum in the city. But over the past decade the gap has been plugged. The tower of the old American Tobacco factory, emblazoned with the “Lucky Strike” logo, still stands—but the factory is now a “campus” featuring bars, restaurants and the kind of tech firms where staff ride around on scooters. The city’s performing-arts centre, across the road, is one of the four best-attended theatres in the country. Mr Bell says public-private partnerships account for much of the investment.

New Jersey
- https://www.ft.com/content/17b283a8-ad6d-11e8-94bd-cba20d67390c New Jersey’s public investment fund is under scrutiny over its links to a hedge fund that played a role in the demise of Toys R Us, the toy chain that was one of the state’s best-known employers. At a meeting later this month, former workers plan to urge state officials to reconsider New Jersey’s relationship with Solus Alternative Asset Management if the hedge fund fails to provide hardship money for workers who lost their jobs. Campaigners have already persuaded other Toys R Us investors to accept the principle of compensation for former workers, in part by putting pressure on public officials who have given business to the companies. Solus, which has managed $300m for the New Jersey State Investment Council since 2014, was among several creditors who forced Toys R Us into liquidation in March. That decision fell especially hard on New Jersey, leading to more than 1,000 job losses at the chain’s headquarters in the state, and hundreds more at a nearby distribution centre and 25 stores.
- 新澤西拓商機從華人入手 http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141207/PDF/a7_screen.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141209/PDF/a6_screen.pdf, http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20141210/PDF/a17_screen.pdf

oregon
- china

• china daily 30jul19 despite hiccups, oregon's trade ties with china remains strong

Philadephia
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/de02ab90-dc8d-11e5-827d-4dfbe0213e07.html 

Philadelphia urged to do more to avoid Detroit bankruptcy

South Carolina
- greenville

• More than 400 companies from 34 countries call Greenville, Spartanburg and the eight surrounding counties that make up South Carolina’s upstate region home, including Chinese-owned Volvo Cars, BMW, French tyre manufacturer Michelin and Japanese electronics manufacturer Kyocera Mita.With a population of 5.15 million people, making it smaller than Hong Kong, South Carolina has an economy that is one of the most reliant on exports in the US.https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3045376/trade-war-export-dependent-south-carolina-finds-itself-caught

- http://www.sceda.org/ Since 1965, the South Carolina Economic Developers’ Association, or SCEDA, has served as the Voice of Economic Development in the Palmetto State. Our professional membership association has over 600 members, with representation from all 46 counties. Our members include local and regional economic developers, as well as officials from municipal, county and state government agencies, construction and engineering firms, utility companies, attorneys, consultants, financial institutions, and higher education. SCEDA's mission is to enhance the professional development of its membership and to advocate economic development to benefit the citizens of South Carolina.- http://www.edpsc.org/ The Economic Development Partnership is a non-profit public-private development corporation focused solely on serving the needs of new and existing businesses in the Aiken, Edgefield, and Saluda Region of South Carolina.

• HK contact: info@selectcarolinas.com, 23/F On Hong Commercial Bldg, 135 Henessy Road

- http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/international/art/20160115/19453273 紐約市民卡（idNYC）新增的辦事處，提供廣東話及普通話服務。辦事處位於鮑厄里街33號孔子大廈C-204室（33 Bowery Suite C204,New York），即日起至1月29日，逢周一至周五，上午9時至下午5時提供服務；服務開始首日，有近70名市民申請。


San francisco
- 三藩市唐人街是北美最古老的唐人街，也是亞洲以外最大的華人社區，於美國華裔以至亞裔移民史中擔當重要角色。近年三藩市科技產業高速發展，刺激市內商住物業租金瘋狂飆升，不少新創企業開始進駐發展相對較慢的華埠，對唐人街原有經濟活動和人口分佈構成巨大衝擊，令人擔心這個有逾160年歷史的社區會變得面目全非。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/07/27/a18-0727.pdf
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20161213/00178_002.html大陸國務院邀請發動撤除美國三藩市中華總會館青天白日滿地紅旗的有功人士，日前組團往北京和廣州參訪，並以高規格接待。據台灣傳媒報道，這顯示大陸高層即將在海外僑社有進一步舉動與做法。而國務委員楊潔篪在北京接見「撤旗團」時，更表示感謝該團將中華總會館的「這一面旗」撤下，而「開了另一道門」。 


seattle
- The first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a large party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River; they formally claimed it on September 14, 1851. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party.^[20] Members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28, 1851.^[21] The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, and landed on Alki point during a rainstorm on November 13, 1851.The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The Town of Seattle was disincorporated on January 18, 1867, and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869, with a mayor–council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile.
- From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the "Queen City". Seattle's official nickname is the "Emerald City", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the "Gateway to Alaska" for being the nearest major city in the contiguous U.S. to Alaska, "Rain City" for its frequent cloudy and rainy weather, and "Jet City" from the local influence of Boeing. The city has two official slogans or mottos: "The City of Flowers", meant to encourage the planting of flowers to beautify the city, and "The City of Goodwill", adopted prior to the 1990 Goodwill Games. Seattle residents are known as Seattleites.
- 朋友的朋友自西雅圖回港度假，談及西雅圖的街頭露宿問題愈來愈嚴重，根據一些不完全的「每晚點算」（Count every night），每晚睡在帳幕、街頭、停車場、天橋底以及汽車內的人士，2017年已超過五千人，這位朋友相信這數字嚴重低估真實情況，因為他親身體驗到，他每日泊車的市中心停車場每晚愈來愈多「睡客」，如不在五時半前駕車離開，到了七時，幾乎整個停車場通道都有睡客開始打地鋪，令駕車人士提心吊膽。https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/columnist/%E5%B7%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%B1%B1/daily/article/20180522/20397548


tennessee
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-08/15/content_30622789.htm The southern state has benefited from foreign direct investment in the US and the rise of mainland firms setting up factories there.


Texas
- Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1869) was a significant case argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1869.^[1] The case involved a claim by the Reconstruction government of Texas that United States bonds owned by Texas since 1850 had been illegally sold by the Confederate state legislature during the American Civil War. The state filed suit directly with the United States Supreme Court, which, under the United States Constitution, retains original jurisdiction on certain cases in which a state is a party. In accepting original jurisdiction, the court ruled that, legally speaking, Texas had remained a United States state ever since it first joined the Union, despite its joining the Confederate States of America and its being under military rule at the time of the decision in the case. In deciding the merits of the bond issue, the court further held that the Constitution did not permit states to unilaterally secede from the United States, and that the ordinances of secession, and all the acts of the legislatures within seceding states intended to give effect to such ordinances, were "absolutely null".

• hkej 16feb17 shum article

- Houston

• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/10/07/a18-1007.pdf  美 國 第四大城市休斯敦的唐人街前日中午發生致命槍擊案，一名亞裔員工在位於百利大道香港城購物中 心 的 「 香 港 超 級 市 場 」 (Hong Kong Food Market、圖)內與上司爭吵後，用點 50口徑手槍殺 死對方，其後自轟身亡。有超市員工表示，疑兇和死者均為越南裔男性。警方未公佈死者身份，正調查疑兇行兇動機。案發時正駕駛貨車送貨到超市的馬丁內斯說，他到達超市後通知名叫維克托的經理，按對方指示把貨車停泊在卸貨區，之後便看見在場的人驚慌大叫，有人圍在中槍倒地的維克托身旁。香港城購物中心位於休斯敦亞裔社區中心，設有超過 20家餐廳和商店，香港超級市場是當中佔地最大的旗艦店。
• http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2016-12/24/content_27761674.htm Houston businesses are rolling out the red carpet for Asian tourists who arrive in the fourthlargest city in the Unites States for a slice of authentic Texas life.
• singtao 29aug17 some chinese trapped in chinatown due to flood in Houston 
• 「哈維」上周登陸後，休斯敦華人廖先生和其他華人自發組成救援隊，救助受困華人。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/08/31/a20-0831.pdf

- El Paso stands on the Rio Grande across the Mexico–United States border from Ciudad Juárez, the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua with 1.4 million people.^[7] Las Cruces, in the neighboring U.S. state of New Mexico, has a population of 215,579.^[8] On the U.S. side, El Paso metropolitan area forms part of the larger El Paso–Las Cruces CSA, with a population of 1,060,397. 
The El Paso region has had human settlement for thousands of years, as evidenced by Folsom points from hunter-gatherers found at Hueco Tanks. The evidence suggests 10,000 to 12,000 years of human habitation.^[17] The earliest known cultures in the region were maize farmers. When the Spanish arrived, the Manso, Suma, and Jumano tribes populated the area. These were subsequently incorporated into the Mestizo culture, along with immigrants from central Mexico, captives from Comanchería, and genízaros of various ethnic groups. The Mescalero Apache were also present. 
Spanish explorer Don Juan de Oñate was born in 1550 in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico and was the first New Spain (Mexico) explorer known to have observed the Rio Grande near El Paso, in 1598,^[18] celebrating a Thanksgiving Mass there on April 30, 1598 (decades before the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving). However, the four survivors of the Narváez expedition, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, and his enslaved Moor Estevanico, are thought to have passed through the area in the mid-1530s. El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez) was founded on the south bank of the Río Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande), in 1659 by Fray Garcia de San Francisco. In 1680, the small village of El Paso became the temporary base for Spanish governance of the territory of New Mexico as a result of the Pueblo Revolt, until 1692 when Santa Fe was reconquered and once again became the capital. The Texas Revolution (1836) was generally not felt in the region, as the American population was small; not being more than 10% of the population. However, the region was claimed by Texas as part of the treaty signed with Mexico and numerous attempts were made by Texas to bolster these claims. However, the villages which consisted of what is now El Paso and the surrounding area remained essentially a self-governed community with both representatives of the Mexican and Texan government negotiating for control until Texas irrevocably took control in 1846. During this interregnum, 1836–1848, Americans nonetheless continued to settle the region. As early as the mid-1840s, alongside long extant Hispanic settlements such as the Rancho de Juan María Ponce de León, Anglo settlers such as Simeon Hart and Hugh Stephenson had established thriving communities of American settlers owing allegiance to Texas. Stephenson, who had married into the local Hispanic aristocracy, established the Rancho de San José de la Concordia, which became the nucleus of Anglo and Hispanic settlement within the limits of modern-day El Paso, in 1844: the Republic of Texas, which claimed the area, wanted a chunk of the Santa Fe trade. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo effectively made the settlements on the north bank of the river part of the US, separate from Old El Paso del Norte on the Mexican side. The present Texas–New Mexico boundary placing El Paso on the Texas side was drawn in the Compromise of 1850. 

• http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21620219-texan-border-city-offers-case-study-perils-populism-lessons-el-paso
•  埃爾帕索位於德州西南部，與新墨西哥州城市拉斯克魯塞斯及墨西哥邊境城市華雷斯接壤，三者共同構成北美州最大的雙語及雙族群邊境地區。埃爾帕索約有六十八萬居民，當中80%是拉丁裔，每天均有二萬三千多名墨西哥人由華雷斯到埃爾帕索工作。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190805/00180_006.html

washington dc

- 美國眾議院前天史上首次通過法案，同意讓首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區成為美國第五十一個州，並增加一名有投票權的眾議員及兩名參議員。惟總統特朗普，上月已表明反對首都升格，共和黨斥民主黨此舉是「奪權」。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200628/00180_018.html

• H.R.51 - Washington, D.C. Admission Act https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/51/text
• 一旦華盛頓特區升格第五十一個州，將佔地約一百七十平方公里，而聯邦特區將大幅縮水至只有約五平方公里，僅包括白宮、國會大廈以及最高法院等幾幢建築物。華盛頓特區升格之議，討論至今已有四十年，對上一次在眾議院投票，是在一九九三年。儘管現時參議院由共和黨控制，該黨領袖麥康奈爾已明言，只要他一天在位，法案也不用指望在參議院有寸進，總統特朗普亦表明不會簽署法案。然而無可否認的是，民主黨在今次議題設定上，佔據了道德制高點。共和黨人指摘民主黨夾帶政治私心，只想在國會裏增加議席（華盛頓特區市長幾乎一直是民主黨人的囊中物），並非全無道理。正如共和黨人挑戰，既然要在國會選舉有投票權，為何不乾脆併入馬里蘭州？說穿了，馬里蘭州本來就是「藍州」，加上華盛頓特區的民主黨票，也不會增加參議院的議席。事實上，除了華盛頓特區建州，部分民主黨支持者一直建議 「拆細」藍州，例如將加州拆成南、北，紐約的長島自成一州（原因是該州面積跟羅德島州相若），以增加總統和眾議院選舉優勢，此例一開，美國將陷入無止境的碎片化。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200628/00192_001.html

wisconsin
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-06/13/content_29720417.htm The state exported $1.4 billion of goods to China in 2016, a 63.6 percent jump from 10 years ago, and a 345.5 percent increase from 2001, according to statistics from the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation or WEDC. Some of the state's goods are very popular among Chinese consumers, especially ginseng. More than 90 percent of Wisconsin's ginseng is exported to the country. During a 2015 trade mission, Kleefisch took some with her as a present. Other agriculture goods such as wood, dairy products, animal feeds, oil seeds and fruits are also big exports. Manufactured goods including medical instruments and industrial machinery generate major revenue.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2017-06/13/content_29720310.htm In the early 1900s, farmers in Marathon County in central Wisconsin who grew ginseng started talking about China. Today, their grandchildren closely watch the latest news about the country on trade, currency exchange and the growing middle class－and for good reason. Wisconsin is the largest grower of ginseng in the United States, and China is the biggest importer.

Wyoming (/waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ ) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. 懷俄明的名稱源自古印地安語mecheweamiing（大草原）。夏延（Cheyenne）是美国怀俄明州的首府
- https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Wyoming-the-least-populated-state-in-the-US-Is-there-a-reason-why-people-don-t-want-to-live-there

The United States Virgin Islands (abbreviated USVI; also called the US Virgin Islands or American Virgin Islands), officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, is a group of islands in the Caribbean and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles to the east of Puerto Rico and west of the British Virgin Islands. The U.S. Virgin Islands consists of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas, and many other surrounding minor islands.^[3] The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles (346.36 km²).^[3] The territory's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas. Previously known as the Danish West Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in the Treaty of the Danish West Indies of 1917. They are classified by the United Nations as a Non-Self-Governing Territory, and are currently an organised, unincorporated United States territory. The U.S. Virgin Islands are organised under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and have since held five constitutional conventions.The islands were named "Santa Úrsula y las Once Mil Vírgenes" by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after the legend of Saint Ursula and the 11,000 virgins.^[3] The name was later shortened to "the Virgin Islands".

honour system
- The Medal of Honor is the United States of America's highest and most-prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor.^[3] The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U.S. Congress. Because the medal is presented "in the name of Congress", it is incorrectly known as the "Congressional Medal of Honor". However, the official name of the current award is "Medal of Honor".^[1][4] Within the United States Code the medal is referred to as the "Medal of Honor",^[5] and less frequently as "Congressional Medal of Honor".^[6] U.S. awards, including the Medal of Honor, do not have post-nominal titles, and while there is no official abbreviation, the most common abbreviations are "MOH" and "MH".There are three versions of the medal, one each for the Department of the Army(United States Army), Department of the Navy (United States Navy and United States Marine Corps) and Department of the Air Force (United States Air Force and United States Space Force). Despite not normally being a part of the Department of the Navy, the United States Coast Guardawards the DoN's variant of the medal.^[8]The Medal of Honor was introduced for the Department of the Navy in 1861, soon followed by the Department of the Army's version in 1862. The Department of the Air Force received their own version in 1965.^[9]The Medal of Honor is the oldest continuously issued combat decoration of the United States' armed forces.

• notable recipients

• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20200804/PDF/b4_screen.pdf 世界六通拳總會何琼

Tax
- corporate tax

• http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21660978-tax-inversions-are-symptom-much-bigger-problems-americas-corporate-tax-regime-inverted

- Boris Johnson has admitted that the US authorities are pursuing him for an unpaid tax demand. The Conservative mayor of London was born in New York and has kept an American passport despite having left the country when he was five years old. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/842c060a-70f7-11e4-85d5-00144feabdc0.html,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2843558/Boris-refuses-pay-tax-bill-London-Mayor-say-demand-unpaid-capital-gains-home-outrageous.html



Manufacturing
- Made in USA

• http://online.wsj.com/articles/chinese-nets-and-bolts-ensnare-basketball-hoops-in-litigation-1412099954
• http://online.wsj.com/articles/new-balance-shoe-materials-arent-all-u-s-made-1412109111

Permanent Residency
- Electronic Diversity Visa https://www.dvlottery.state.gov/

Citizenship
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21644160-mayor-london-renounces-his-american-citizenship-englishmans-home The number of Americans giving up their passports has shot up, from less than 1,000 a year in the late 2000s to a record 3,415 in 2014. A new spur is the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) of 2010, which makes it a lot harder for Americans overseas to get (or keep) bank accounts, pensions and mortgages, because foreign financial firms don’t want the administrative hassles that FATCA throws up. The law also increases filing requirements for citizens—and thus stokes fears that honest mistakes will be punished. A neighbour of this correspondent, who was born in America but moved to Britain as a child, recently received a huge bill from the IRS, out of the blue, for many years of unfiled taxes. He had not realised that he owed anything; he had always paid taxes promptly in Britain. The IRS was so aggressive that he feared he might lose his technology business; he even discussed divorce with his wife as a way to shield their assets. In the end, he settled for a six-figure sum. He, too, has since renounced his citizenship.

Us bound Immigration
- info

• http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0193688.html Find data on population, immigration, diversity, and American Indians in the United States.
• http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger search for passengers into ellis island
• http://www.asian-nation.org/ asian american history

- great european wave 1880-1930

• 1910 - peak of european mass migration
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/02/pictures-1917-immigration-ban-archive/

- retrenchment 1930-1970

• California alien land law 1913 (primarily directed at japan) and 1920
• 1921 emergency quota act
• Immigartion act 1924

• National origins act 
• Asian exclusion act

• Bracero program 1942 (with mexico)
• GI bill

- rebound 1970-2010

• Civil rightslegislation and war on poverty by lyndon johnson
• President truman repealed provisions to exclude asians (1952)
• Bracero program repealed
• 1965 immigration and nationality act - Largely to restrict immigration from Asia, Southern Europe, and Eastern Europe, the Immigration Act of 1924 had permanently established the National Origins Formula as the basis of U.S. immigration policy. During the 1960s, at the height of the Civil Rights Movement, the National Origins Formula increasingly came under attack for being racially discriminatory. With the support of the Johnson administration, Senator Philip Hart and Congressman Emanuel Celler introduced a bill to repeal the formula. The bill received wide support from both Democratic and Republican members of Congress, and Johnson signed the Hart-Cellar Act into law on October 3, 1965. The Hart-Celler Act created a seven-category preference system that gives priority to relatives of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents, as well as to professionals and other individuals with specialized skills. The act maintained per-country and total immigration limits, but included a provision exempting immediate relatives of U.S. citizens from numerical restrictions. The act also set a numerical limit on immigration from the Western Hemisphere for the first time in U.S. history. Though proponents of the bill had argued that it would not have a major effect on the total level of immigration or the demographic mix of the United States, the act greatly increased the total number of immigrants coming to the United States, as well as the share of immigrants coming to the United States from Asia and Africa.
• Refugee act 1980
• Immigration reform and control act 1986
• California proposition 187
• 1990 immigration act

• H-IB program

•  The Diversity Immigrant Visa program, also known as the green card lottery, is a United States government lottery program for receiving a United States Permanent Resident Card. The Immigration Act of 1990 established the current and permanent Diversity Visa (DV) program.The lottery is administered by the Department of State and conducted under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). It makes available 50,000 immigrant visas annually and aims to diversify the immigrant population in the United States, by selecting applicants from countries with low numbers of immigrants in the previous five years. As of 2017, around 20 million people apply for the lottery each year.Many fraudulent schemes purport to increase the likelihood of winning in the lottery, but in fact the only way to apply and win is to enter one's data into the State Department's website, free of charge.Attempts have been made to end the program since 2005. In 2017, it received widespread attention after eight people were killed in a terrorist attack by a recipient of a diversity immigrant visa.

- country and main city base

• Korea - los angeles koreatown
• cuba - miami
• Russia - ny lower east side (russian jews); brighton beach, brooklyn
• India - those from gujarat own and operate low and mid budget motels nationwide
• Vietnam - orange county, california
• Japan - san francisco, seattle, los angeles
• Italy - biston, new york, philadelphia, baltimore
• Former yugislavia - chicago, st louis
• Former ussr - ny, sacramento
• Iraq - detroit, san diego

- policy

•  http://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/2039870/if-us-great-satan-why-do-so-many-iranians-enter-green-card This month the US State Department opened a five-week window for visa applications from citizens of countries that historically have had low rates of immigration to the United States.
• 美國國務院上周五發布新規定，要求簽證申請人提交過去五年的社交網、電話、電郵及外國旅行紀錄，並就此向公眾諮詢。新規定預計於五月廿九日落實，相信每年會有近一千五百萬人受影響；有人權團體擔心，個人私隱權會受侵害。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180401/00180_012.html
• 美國總統特朗普上周五宣布，美國將禁止沒有醫療保險或無能力支付醫療費用的移民入境，只有可證明不會為美國醫保系統增加實質負擔的潛在移民，才能獲發簽證。他指出，無醫療保險的合法移民或比美國公民多三倍，移民不應再加重美國醫保系統及納稅人負擔。有關措施將於下月三日生效。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191006/00180_019.html
• https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3032080/us-imposes-visa-restrictions-chinese-officials-over-treatment-muslims The US government on Tuesday placed visa restrictions on Chinese government officials suspected of repressing Uygurs and other ethnic minorities in China. The sanctions target government officials and members of the ruling Communist Party of China “who are believed to be responsible for, or complicit in, the detention or abuse of Uygurs, Kazakhs or other members of Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang, China”, US Secretary of State Michael Pompeo announced, less than two days before planned high-level trade talks resume in Washington with a team led by Chinese Vice-Premier Liu He.
• 行政命令將於當地時間周三（香港時間周四）生效，華府會停發H-1B、H-2B、J-1、L-1簽證。H-1B簽證發給外國專業技術人士，不少科技公司的員工和家屬使用該簽證；H-2B是發給赴美擔任技術及非技術暫時性工作的外國人。L-1簽證是給短期調派到美國母公司的跨國企業高層人員；J-1則是交流訪問人士簽證。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200624/00180_016.html
• birth tourism

• ft 24jan2020 us tightens regulations to fight birth tourism

- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2047697/real-secret-asian-success-america-was-not-about
- types of visa

• EB-3 for blue collars singtao 2may17 a2, kwan king hung seems to be promoting it
• EB-5

• http://www.scmp.com/news/china/money-wealth/article/2143008/us-developers-feel-pinch-chinese-investors-pull-back-eb-5 The EB-5 Immigrant Investment Programme was created by the US Congress in 1990 to stimulate the economy through job creation and capital investment. Chinese investors have in recent years been the predominant source of capital, supplying as much as 85 to 90 per cent of the US$50 billion put up by global applicants each year.  But the heyday for the Chinese EB-5 market seems to be ending as new applicants appear wary of heightened uncertainties surrounding the programme as well as immigration laws in general under US President Donald Trump. A growing backlog of Chinese applicants has further dampened interest in the programme and led to a significant dip in available capital. 

•  美國政府周三公布一項針對「EB-5」投資移民簽證的新規定，外國投資者若要在大城市等地取得綠卡，須同意由原定最少投資一百萬美元（約七百八十萬港元）加碼至一百八十萬美元（約一千四百零四萬港元）；而鄉村或高失業率地區則由五十萬美元（約三百九十萬港元）增至九十萬美元（約七百零二萬港元），預期十一月開始生效。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190725/00180_007.html

• student
• 移民及海關執法局表示，持有非移民F-1及M-1簽證（即學術和職業學生）的外國留學生，若就讀學校改為全面網上教學，國務院不會發出簽證，移民及海關執法局亦禁止他們入境美國；而身在美國的這類留學生必須離境，或改在面對面教學的學校就讀以保持合法身份，否則面臨啟動遣返程序等「移民後果」。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200708/00180_001.html
• green card

• 美國工作綠卡設有配額限額，令審批程序緩慢，數百萬計合法移民等待多年仍未取得綠卡，當中以中國和印度申請者情況最為嚴重。國會早前提出取消配額限制。美國每年發約一百一十萬張綠卡，其中十四萬為工作綠卡。目前全美有大約一百萬名工人等候綠卡審批，當中中國人佔廿一萬。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190911/00180_013.html

- worth to note

• http://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2084055/empty-jails-texas-hope-cash-illegal-immigration Several Texas counties that are struggling with debt because their jails have few or no prisoners hope to refill those cells with a different kind of inmate: immigrants who have entered the country illegally. The debt dates back to the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s, when some rural counties were losing employment prospects and population. To bring jobs and money, they built correctional centres with hundreds and sometimes more than a thousand beds that could be used to house inmates from other counties as well as prisoners for the state and federal governments. In some cases, the strategy worked, at least for a while. But a decline in crime and an increase in alternative sentencing reduced the Texas prisoner population and created a glut of jail space. Now the debts, utility bills and maintenance are becoming so burdensome that counties are confronting a difficult choice. They can seek a federal contract to house some of the immigrants expected to be detained in President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown. Or they can sell the vacant ­detention centres to private prison companies that aim to do the same.
• economist 18jan2020 "temporary toil" america is witnessing a guest worker boom, even under donald trump

foreign agents
- Washington state Republican Sen. Doug Ericksen has registered as a foreign agent in order to consult and lobby for the country of Cambodia. Under documents filed with the U.S. Department of Justice under the Foreign Agents Registration Act, Ericksen signed an agreement between PacRim Bridges LLC — a company he formed in 2017 — and the Kingdom of Cambodia on March 25.https://www.thestar.com/news/world/us/2019/04/05/washington-senator-registers-to-lobby-for-cambodia.html

african americans
- The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. Until 1910, more than 90 percent of the African-American population lived in the American South. In 1900, only one-fifth of African-Americans living in the South were living in urban areas. By the end of the Great Migration, a bare majority of 53 percent remained in the South, while 40 percent lived in the North, and 7 percent in the West,^[3] and African-Americans had become an urbanized population. By 1970, more than 80 percent of African-Americans lived in cities, and by 1960, of those African-Americans still living in the South, half now lived in urban areas. Some historians differentiate between a first Great Migration (1916–1930), which saw about 1.6 million people move from mostly rural areas to northern industrial cities, and a Second Great Migration (1940–1970), which began after the Great Depression and brought at least 5 million people—including many townspeople with urban skills—to the north and to California and other western states. Since 1965, a reverse migration has gathered strength. Dubbed the New Great Migration, it has seen many African-Americans move to the South, generally to states and cities where economic opportunities are the best. The reasons include economic difficulties of cities in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States, growth of jobs in the "New South" and its lower cost of living, family and kinship ties, and improved racial relations. As early as 1975 to 1980, seven southern states were net African-American migration gainers.^[which?] African-American populations have continued to drop throughout much of the Northeast, especially the state of New York and northern New Jersey, as they rise in the South.
- economist 13apr19 "many and one" african american english

Electricity generation
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/1d1e00fe-28a2-11e5-8db8-c033edba8a6e.htmlThe US generated more of its electricity from gas than from coal for the first time ever in April — in a sign of how the shale boom is putting mounting pressure on the country’s mining industry. Plunging prices for natural gas, which have fallen alongside oil since last summer, led to it being used to generate 31 per cent of America’s electricity in April, while coal contributed 30 per cent.

abortion
- The Mexico City policy is an intermittent United States government policy that requires all foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that receive federal funding to refrain from performing or providing counseling on abortion services as a method of family planning in other countries. From 1973 on, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has followed the Helms Amendment ruling, banning the use of U.S. government funds to provide abortion as a method of family planning anywhere in the world. The policy is a political flashpoint in the abortion debate, with Republican administrations adopting it and Democratic administrations rescinding it. The policy was enacted by Republican President Ronald Reagan in 1984, rescinded by Democratic President Bill Clinton in January 1993, re-instituted in January 2001 as Republican President George W. Bush took office, rescinded on January 23, 2009 as Democratic President Barack Obama took office and reinstated on January 23, 2017 as Republican President Donald Trump assumed the office. It has been referred to by critics as the "Mexico City gag rule" or the "global gag rule".


National parks
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21637401-what-ceaseless-rows-over-yellowstone-national-park-reveal-about-america-ranchers-v “The Battle for Yellowstone” by Justin Farrell, a young scholar at Yale University, ponders venomous rows that have shaken Yellowstone National Park in recent decades, and why they are so intractable. The rows turn on such questions as wolf re-introduction, bison roaming-rights and snowmobile access to that lovely corner of the Rocky Mountains.

Property
- foreign ownership

•  http://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-buyers-replace-canadians-as-top-foreign-buyers-of-u-s-homes-1434580337 Chinese buyers have surpassed Canadian snowbirds as the dominant foreign buyers of homes in the U.S., according to the National Association of Realtors. Purchasers from China made up 16% of international buyers who bought primarily single-family homes and condominiums in the 12-month period that ended in March, according to the survey by the National Association of Realtors. That was up from 12% in 2013. Canadians made up 14% of international buyers, down sharply from 23% in the 2013 survey. In third place were Mexicans who made up 9% of foreign buyers in the recent period, up slightly from 2013.
• http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20151222/PDF/b4_screen.pdf 據華爾街日報報道，上週五美國商業地產行業多年努力有成果，國會通過廣泛開支和税務措施法案之中，包括放寬海外投資者投資美國物業限制，部分專家預期，這將為美國辦公室大廈和購物中心等帶來額外數十億美元海外投資。原於1980年代通過的法例，外國人房地產投資税務法案（Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act），要求海外投資者於出售美國物業時繳交所得税，當時美國人擔心，包括日本在內的海外投資者大肆購買美國物業和農地。加州大學地產和城市經濟研究中心主任羅森説，該項法例是多年前制定，是歷史遺留下來。　　隨?放寬海外投資者的限制，將容許外國退休基金在出售美國物業時不需要繳税，這些外國退休基金每年購買數百億美元的美國商用物業。外國投資者將容許持有一間上市房產公司持股比重超過10%，才需要額外繳税，根據之前法例，持股水平為5%。羅森表示，這兩項外國投資條款下，預料外國投資者每年在房地產投資增加200億美元或300億美元，但算不上大幅增加。　美國主要大城市商業物業價格處於歷史高位，雖然受到税務法例限制，但投資美國地產的海外投資者增加。外國退休基金是其中大買家，特別是來自加拿大資金，加拿大的大型退休基金積極在美國投資，但大部分是買入美國物業49%股權，因為這可以避過税務。

Education
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21679759-new-education-law-will-reduce-federal-governments-role-schools-no-child-left WHEN George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002, he was flanked by Ted Kennedy, who had shepherded the legislation through the Senate, and John Boehner, then the head of the House education committee. On December 9th the Senate voted overwhelmingly to replace that law. The House has already passed something similar, and the president is likely to sign a modified version. This new bill, too, has support from both parties. But this time it stems from a shared hatred of Mr Bush’s law. The federal government’s role in running America’s public schools has grown from that of a glorified think-tank, charged with scouring for information to help states build better school systems in the 19th century. When the second world war put military installations, and the children that came with them, in states with thin tax receipts, the federal government stepped in to make up the shortfall. When the federal government moved to end racial segregation in schools in the 1960s, Washington’s role in education increased again. The traffic has been one-way ever since, even though the federal government provides only 10% of overall school funding. The new law, though, goes in the opposite direction.

- foreign students

• http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21614225-bright-foreigners-study-america-shame-they-cant-stay-coming-and-going
• http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/11/affirmative-action

- new york preschool

• 紐約學前班問題多 華人家長煩惱 http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20140831/00180_031.html

- SAT

• http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-10/27/content_18804684.htm  The SAT, widely used for college admission in the United States, will not "indoctrinate" Chinese students with US ideology through its recent redesign, education specialists and students said. They were responding to the latest debate that surfaced after SAT coach Kelly Yang wrote in the English-language Hong Kong newspaper South China Morning Post that "the new test, with its heavy emphasis on knowledge of the country's founding documents and civil liberties, has the potential to change the mindset and worldview of an entire generation of Chinese youth". The College Board, a US education organization responsible for administering the SAT, has made several changes to the exam. Among those, the one that concerns Chinese test-takers and their SAT coaches most is that from the spring of 2016, all SAT candidates will have to read passages from historical documents of the US, including the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the works of Martin Luther King Jr., Henry David Thoreau and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Yang said in her article that "if the new SAT succeeds, it will be the first time America is able to systematically shape the views, beliefs and ideologies of hundreds of thousands of Chinese students every year... through what the Chinese care about most - exams".
•  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-02/28/content_28370241.htm A cut in the number of times students will be able to take the Scholastic Assessment Test－which is used for entry to United States colleges－throughout the year will force many Chinese students to revise their strategies for studying abroad, according to people involved in testing services.

language
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-most-spoken-languages-in-northern-states
- https://www.quora.com/How-did-Southern-Accents-develop

literature
- www.americanlifeinpoetry.org

national anthem
- Because the British objective in North America wasn’t about re-annexing or re-colonizing the United States. Their attacks on US cities were more about disrupting US agricultural output. The British military didn’t occupy any US territory outside of various ports (i.e. New Orleans), in an effort to further weaken export capacity. The British attack on DC was less about occupying our Capitol than it was about attacking the Port of Baltimore.(Our National Anthem, the Star Spangled Banner, is about the Battle of Baltimore, in which US forces kept the Port from falling in the hands of the British military).https://www.quora.com/During-the-War-of-1812-when-the-British-succeeded-in-capturing-Washington-DC-why-did-they-decide-to-abandon-it-Couldnt-they-have-held-on-to-the-city-and-fought-a-costly-urban-battle

comics
- check background 

• Fin Fang Foom is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as an extraterrestrial creature resembling a dragon.Writer-editor Stan Lee's inspiration for the character's name was the title of the 1934 movie version of the long-running British stage musical Chu Chin Chow. As Lee described in 2005, When I was a kid, I loved going to the movies. When I say a kid, I mean 10, 11, 12 years old. And there was one movie I'd seen. I remember nothing about it except the name. It took place in China, I believe, and the name of the movie was Chu Chin Chow. Now I have no idea what it meant — I don't know if it was somebody's name or a country or a city, but I never forgot that name. Those three words just stuck in my memory: Chu Chin Chow. So when I was looking for the name of a monster, I remember Chu Chin Chow ... and that particular meter, that beat, somehow led to Fin Fang Foom.
•  The Mandarin is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the archenemy of Iron Man. The character was created by Stan Lee and designed by Don Heck, first appearing in Tales of Suspense #50 (February 1964). The character is described as being born in China before the Communist revolution, to a wealthy Chinese father and an English aristocratic mother, both of whom died when he was very young. He is characterised as a megalomaniac, attempting to conquer the world on several occasions, yet also possessing a strong sense of honor. The Mandarin is portrayed as a genius scientist and a superhumanly skilled martial artist. However, his primary sources of power are ten power rings that he adapted from the alien technology of a crashed space ship. Each ring has a different power and is worn on a specific finger.

•  Les pouvoirs du Mandarin lui viennent de 10 bagues d'origine extra-terrestre. Chaque bague possède un pouvoir :
• Numéro 1 : permet de modifier la position des atomes et molécules afin de changer la forme d'objets ;
• Numéro 2 : projette une sorte d'attaque sous forme de force offensive. Permet aussi d'attirer par magnétisme ou d'émettre des vibrations soniques ;
• Numéro 3 : crée des tourbillons dans l'air pouvant servir comme armes ou pour voler ;
• Numéro 4 : permet de briser les liens entre les molécules, détruisant complètement les objets. Toutefois, cette bague doit attendre 20 minutes pour se recharger une fois utilisée ;
• Numéro 5 : crée une zone de ténèbre absorbant la lumière ;
• Numéro 6: permet de générer une sorte de rayon cryogénique ;
• Numéro 7 : donne des capacités de télépathie suffisantes pour contrôler temporairement une personne ;
• Numéro 8 : peut projeter de la foudre ;
• Numéro 9 : projette des flammes et des ondes de chaleur puissantes ;
• Numéro 10 : pouce gauche : crée une sorte de lumière électromagnétique qui agit comme un laser ou créé une gravité artificielle.

•  Force Works was the name of different Marvel Comics superhero teams.The first version of Force Works first appeared in the comic book series Force Works #1 (July 1994) where they were created by writers Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning and initially drawn by Tom Tenney. The team was formed from the remains of the West Coast Avengers, after leader Iron Man left the Avengers  due to an internal dispute. Force Works maintained a different outlook than the Avengers, trying to preempt natural and man-made disasters.
  The second version of Force Works was mentioned in Civil War #6.

Billlionaire/rich people
- http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21637338-todays-tech-billionaires-have-lot-common-previous-generation-capitalist

Buskers
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21648691-buskers-learn-cope-officious-cops-and-cashless-commuters-cops-and-rockers

Statistics
- decennial census
- children of immigrants longitudinal study
- insider's guide to demographic know-how
- nielsen site reports

Election
- January 2010 Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United v FEC - corporoations and unions can sponsor ads to promote candidates during political campaigns, led to rise of super PACs or political action committees that gather funds from corporations, unions, interest groups and even ordinary citizens

Parking
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21638132-free-parking-not-all-its-cracked-up-be-race-space

Places to eat
- italian

• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thrillist/the-21-best-italian-resta_b_6153956.html

language
-https://www.businessinsider.com/22-maps-that-show-the-deepest-linguistic-conflicts-in-america-2013-6#the-northeast-corridor-puts-sear-up-on-their-pancakes-14

diaspora
- http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/08/11/a15-0811.pdf現時約有900萬名美國公民居於海外，但美國的稅制與不少國家有別，以公民身份而非居住地為基準，意味即使美國人長年居於海外，仍需向國稅局報稅甚至交稅。當美國社會和政治氣氛改變，海外美國人感到再無留戀之處，便進一步促使他們放棄美籍。美國海外公民可繼續享有聯邦政府福利，例如財政部在4月發放的1,200美元(約9,300港元)現金津貼，海外公民亦可申領。然而與此同時，他們亦要每年向美國報稅，牽涉大量額外工作，例如在海外開設銀行賬戶後，也要申報這些資料，使不少海外美國人感到麻煩。有已移居海外的美國人直言，假如美國公民已在海外居住多時，並與當地人成家立室，與美國的聯繫將逐漸減少，這時放棄美籍可能是更好選擇。

christianity
- Jesuit settlers from England founded the Province of Maryland in 1634. However, the 1646 defeat of the Royalists in the English Civil War led to stringent laws against Roman Catholic education and the extradition of known Jesuits from the colony, including missionary Andrew White, and the destruction of their school at Calverton Manor. During most of the remainder of Maryland's colonial period, Jesuits conducted Catholic schools clandestinely. It was not until after the end of the American Revolution that plans to establish a permanent Catholic institution for education in the United States were realized.
- protestant

• The Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church is a Dutch Reformed congregation in Manhattan, New York City, which has had a variety of church buildings and now exists in the form of four component bodies: the Marble, Middle, West End and Fort Washington Collegiate Church, all part of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Churches of New York. The original congregation was established in 1628.

- baptism

• economist 15jun19 "on the edge" the southern baptists are beset by 2 related fiascos: sex scandals and donald trump

Canada
- nato

• 美國特朗普政府一直向北約成員國施壓，要求增加軍費開支至佔國內生產總值（GDP）2%。消息指，華府日前向加拿大發出官方信件，不滿加方在軍費開支的表現。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191126/00180_005.html

- http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21640398-standoff-sea-route-alaska-lower-48-my-way-or-highway THE United States’ Alaska Marine Highway is not really a highway. It is a 3,500-mile (5,600km) chain of ports from Alaska’s Aleutian Islands to Bellingham, in Washington state. Some 310,000 passengers, many of them tourists, make at least part of the ferry journey every year. It was created to link Alaska’s coastal communities to each other and to the lower 48 states, but a bit of it sits on Canadian soil, at Prince Rupert, British Columbia. From this dual-national identity, a trade spat has sprung. The state of Alaska first leased the terminal in 1963, and in 2013 paid the Canadians $3.3m for another 50 years. But now a row has broken out between Canada and the United States over who will win contracts to replace the terminal’s run-down moorings, bridges and vehicle ramp. No one disputes that the port is Canadian, but does American law apply?
- tax

• http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21693982-americans-canada-fight-back-against-taxman-border-babies-v-irs Like many transplanted Americans, she ignored an American law that since 1913 has obliged citizens to file tax returns regardless of where they live. With the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), enacted in 2010, that became harder. It demanded that foreign banks report to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) details of accounts held by Americans abroad. Banks that fail to comply are subject to a 30% tax on payments they receive from the United States. Some 7m Americans outside the country (1m of them in Canada), along with an unknown number of “US persons”, are now caught in FATCA’s net.

- aviation

• https://www.ft.com/content/edc56cc9-1031-3925-a4fc-c3611161bbb8 Bombardier’s bonds are out of favour in the wake of news that the US Department of Commerce plans to impose large tariffs on the company’s UK exports into the US. The Canadian company’s euro-denominated debt maturing in 2021 has been the most heavily traded bond in European secondary markets by number of trades so far today, according to data from Trax, a MarketAxess subsidiary. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-41397181 Boeing's trade dispute with Bombardier "could jeopardise" its defence contracts with the UK government, the UK's defence secretary has warned. Sir Michael Fallon made the comments after the US opted to impose a tax on the C-Series jet made by Bombardier. The proposed 220% import tariff could threaten Bombardier jobs in Belfast. Rival Boeing had complained that Bombardier had received unfair state subsidies from the UK and Canada.

- newsprint

• The US Commerce Department on Thursday said it would reduce a tariff on Canadian paper used by the US newspaper and publishing industry. The anti-dumping duties, which had been as high as 22.16 percent, will be capped at 16.88 percent, the department said. The International Trade Commission could still reduce or eliminate the tariff. Almost 20 members of Congress and representatives of the newspaper industry testified to the commission last month that the tariff posed a threat to the future of local newspapers across the nation. The US imposed the preliminary tariff in March on uncoated groundwood paper imported from Canadian mills and used as newsprint by the US newspaper industry. It was in response to a complaint from North Pacific Paper Co in Washington state. It claimed that Canadian paper manufacturers were being subsidized by their government, giving them an unfair price advantage over their US counterparts. The mill, which was bought in 2016 by New York hedge fund One Rock Capital Partners, is one of five left in the US. Newsprint often is the second-biggest operating expense, after salaries, for most newspapers. The US newspaper industry said the tariffs increased newsprint prices by 25 to 30 percent and threatened the ability of some newspapers to continue publishing.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2018-08/04/content_36705480.htm

- china

• ??? scmp 16dec18 us to help free canadians held in china, pompeo says 

canada and mexico
- The Department of Finance Canada, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit of Mexico, and the U.S. Department of the Treasury are pleased to announce the establishment of the Canada-Mexico-United States Financial Regulatory Forum.https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm560

mexico
- ft 15may19 us dispute with mexico bruises fruit and veg suppliers 
- tomato

• 美國商務部周四宣布，退出一三年與墨西哥簽訂的貿易協議，恢復針對墨國番茄的反傾銷調查。分析指這或加劇美墨貿易糾紛，令美國對墨西哥施加新關稅，最終推高番茄市價及招致對方報復。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190209/00180_027.html

• https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tomatoes-mexico/u-s-to-levy-tariff-on-imported-mexican-tomatoes-in-trade-spat-idUSKCN1SD2JR The U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday it will begin imposing a 17.5 percent tariff on imported Mexican tomatoes, but said it is optimistic that a deal can be reached to extend a 2013 agreement that suspended a U.S. anti-dumping investigation.

- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4827472/US-border-agents-discover-tunnel-leading-Mexico.html US border patrol agents discovered a new hidden tunnel running from Mexico that led to the arrest of 30 illegal immigrants.Agents made 30 arrests both inside and outside the tunnel. Of those arrested, 23 were Chinese nationals and seven were Mexican nationals. Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4827472/US-border-agents-discover-tunnel-leading-Mexico.html

brazil
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-brazil-beef-idUSKBN19D2VE The United States halted imports of fresh Brazilian beef on Thursday, the U.S. Department of Agriculture  said, after a high percentage of shipments failed to pass safety checks. The USDA had "recurring concerns about the safety of the products intended for the American market," after increasing tests on Brazilian beef in March, according to a statement.The agency raised scrutiny on Brazilian beef and ready-to-eat products as a precaution following an investigation into corruption involving Brazil's health inspectors that targeted meat companies JBS SA and BRF SA.

Europe
- trade deal

• EU trade chief faults Washington and Berlin for deal stalemate http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/55ff37cc-44ae-11e4-bce8-00144feabdc0.html

EU
- steel

• Brussels is ready to retaliate if the US imposes tariffs or quotas on European steel as part of Donald Trump's threatened crackdown on imports on national security grounds. Cecilia Malmström, EU trade commissioner, urged the Trump administration not to proceed with a generalised tariff on steel imports, saying such a move would be "very bad" for Europe. Read more: http://www.afr.com/news/world/eu-warns-us-over-steel-import-tariffs-threat-20170627-gwz8f0
• https://www.ft.com/content/36cffdba-61b4-11e8-a39d-4df188287fff The EU is making a final push to avoid punitive US steel and aluminium tariffs set to kick in on June 1, even as hopes recede that Donald Trump will grant a full exemption from the measures. Cecilia Malmström, the EU trade commissioner, is to speak with senior US officials, including commerce secretary Wilbur Ross, in the margins of an international economic summit in Paris this week.

- aviation

• https://www.ft.com/content/3f9b3daa-ca1b-11e7-ab18-7a9fb7d6163e The European Commission has given the UK its backing in a bitter trade dispute with Washington, hitting out at US moves to levy punitive tariffs on aerospace group Bombardier, which employs thousands in Belfast. Brussels has given the warning it will fight the case to US authorities, which are considering imposing duties of 300 per cent on Bombardier’s C Series jets that American rival Boeing insists receives improper government subsidies. The possible measures have caused uproar in the UK, where the Canadian aircraft maker has a plant that is critical to Northern Ireland’s economy. An EU official said Brussels had intervened in the case to defend both the Belfast plant and aerospace suppliers across Europe that stood to be affected by the US crackdown.
• the U.S. government on Monday ratcheted up pressure on Europe in a long-running dispute over aircraft subsidies, threatening tariffs on $4 billion of additional EU goods. The U.S. Trade Representative’s office released a list of additional products — including olives, Italian cheese and Scotch whiskey — that could be hit with tariffs, on top of products worth $21 billion that were announced in April. USTR said it was adding 89 tariff sub-categories to its initial list, including a variety of metals, in response to public comments, but gave no further explanation. Over 40 individuals testified about products included on the initial list at a public hearing on May 15 and 16. The United States and the EU have threatened to impose billions of dollars of tit-for-tat tariffs on planes, tractors and food in a nearly 15-year dispute at the World Trade Organization over aircraft subsidies given to U.S. planemaker Boeing and its European rival, Airbus. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/01/us-proposes-4-billion-additional-tariffs-over-eu-aircraft-subsidies.html

- beef

• https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/02/trump-trade-announcement-on-eu.html President Donald Trump announced an agreement Friday to boost beef exports to the European Union. Surrounded by trade officials and beef industry representatives at the White House, Trump signed a deal to “lower trade barriers in Europe and expand market access for American farmers and ranchers.” Over the course of the agreement, annual duty-free U.S. beef exports to the EU are expected to nearly triple to $420 million from $150 million, according to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.

Nordic
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21700686-after-prospering-quietly-150-years-scandinavian-americans-and-their-ancestral-lands

Russia
- military

• The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty, formally Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles) is a 1987 arms control agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union (and later its successor state the Russian Federation). Signed in Washington, D.C. by President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on 8 December 1987, the treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on 27 May 1988 and came into force on 1 June 1988. The INF Treaty eliminated all nuclear and conventional missiles, as well as their launchers, with ranges of 500–1,000 kilometers (310–620 mi) (short-range) and 1,000–5,500 km (620–3,420 mi) (intermediate-range). The treaty did not cover sea-launched missiles. By May 1991, 2,692 missiles were eliminated, followed by 10 years of on-site verification inspections. On 20 October 2018, citing Russian non-compliance, US President Donald Trump announced that he was withdrawing the US from the treaty. Numerous prominent nuclear arms control experts, including George Shultz, Richard Lugar and Sam Nunn, urged Trump to preserve the treaty.^[6] Russian president Vladimir Putinannounced on 20 November 2018 that the Kremlin was prepared to discuss INF with Washington but would "retaliate" if the United States withdrew.

- by an ukase of 4sept1821, asserted exclusive territorial right from the extreme northern limit of the continent to the fifty-first parallel of latitude
- The Moscow–Washington hotline (formally known in the United States as the Washington-Moscow Direct Communications Link) is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation. This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin(historically, with Soviet Communist Party leadership across the square from the Kremlin itself). Although in popular culture known as the "red telephone", the hotlinewas never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline is a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by email.
- Carnegie Moscow Center http://carnegie.ru/
- http://news.yahoo.com/us-expands-sanctions-over-russias-activity-ukraine-191704366.html The Obama administration on Tuesday imposed financial restrictions on 34 additional people and entities for helping Russian and Ukrainian companies evade U.S. penalties and other infractions, prompting threats of retaliation from the Kremlin.
- Germany and Austria on Thursday hit back at proposed U.S. sanctions that would threaten European companies participating in the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, accusing the U.S. of politicizing its economic interest in selling natural gas to Europe. http://www.politico.eu/article/germany-and-austria-warn-u-s-over-expanded-russia-sanctions/ also ft 16jun17
- 美國周四（8月31日）有報復措施出台，限俄羅斯四十八小時內關閉駐三藩市總領事館，以及在華盛頓和紐約的兩幢附屬建築物，或為冷戰以來最嚴厲的一次。俄方表示遺憾，形容改善兩國關係的好夢落空，不排除進一步反制。orientaldaily 2sep17;The closures on both U.S. coasts mark perhaps the most drastic diplomatic measure by the United States against Russia since 1986, near the end of the Cold War, when the nuclear-armed powers expelled dozens of each other’s diplomats. http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-seizes-control-of-russian-diplomatic-posts/article19614817.ece

• http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/12/14/the-secret-history-of-the-russian-consulate-in-san-francisco-putin-trump-spies-moscow/

- Russia’s billionaire oligarchs are beginning to face additional scrutiny on at least some financial transactions following U.S. publication of a list of wealthy Russians identified as allies of President Vladimir Putin. One wealthy Russian on the list who spoke on condition of anonymity said he’s worried a deal with foreign partners expected to close in the next few months may collapse. Another said his reputation has been seriously damaged since the Treasury Department released a congressionally mandated report last week naming 210 Russian billionaires and top government officials. The Financial Integrity Network, a Washington-based firm that advises banks and other businesses on illicit finance threats, urged clients to scrutinize transactions involving anyone on the list. The firm suggested treating them as “politically exposed persons,” a regulatory classification for people who pose higher risk of involvement in bribery or corruption due to their position and influence. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-06/russian-oligarchs-on-u-s-treasury-list-facing-added-scrutiny- antitrust

• The acquisition of Russia’s Eurasia Drilling Co (EDC) by U.S. oilfield services giant Schlumberger  has been held up by U.S. sanctions on Russia, Russian Deputy PM Arkady Dvorkovich was quoted as saying by local news services.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-schlumberger-sanctions/moscow-says-schlumberger-russian-oil-services-deal-held-up-by-u-s-sanctions-reports-idUSKCN1BD0BF

• Regulator concern over Schlumberger Russia oil deal ft 29sep17

- steel

• 美国早前针对全球第二大铝生产商俄铝（00486）施加制裁，俄罗斯克里姆林宫发言人指，不排除对俄铝实施临时国有化，以协助受制裁影响的企业。外电指，俄铝因面对美国制裁致未能进入全球主要市场，公司高层于本周赴华，与中资公司及交易员会面，讨论在中国购买铝土矿及出售铝材的可能性。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180420/PDF/a16_screen.pdf

- press/media

• http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/19/media/rt-fara-registration/index.html The Russian television network RT is resisting the U.S. government's request that its American arm register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.According to the network, the Department of Justice gave it an Oct. 17 deadline to register as a foreign agent. But according to publicly available DOJ filings, RT has not yet registered, and in a statement RT said it plans to fight back.

UK
- in 1812 us went to war with gb on account, amongst other reasons, of the exercise of the right of retaliation against france whereby her interests as a neutral state were affected
- https://www.ft.com/content/f37d612c-b081-11e6-a37c-f4a01f1b0fa1 Donald Trump has ruffled feathers in one of the US’s staunchest allies, tweeting that Theresa May should appoint a political rival as ambassador in Washington — just as the British prime minister seeks to forge personal ties with the president-elect.
- https://www.ft.com/content/6a7cd168-7148-11e7-aca6-c6bd07df1a3c Donald Trump has touted plans for a “major trade deal” with a post-Brexit UK while rekindling his rhetorical trade wars with Brussels by lashing out at a “very protectionist” EU. The intervention from the US president came as part of an early-morning flurry on Twitter on Tuesday and reinforced the fundamentally different view of the UK and EU trade relationship than held by his predecessor Barack Obama. Mr Obama had warned that Britain would be at the back of the queue for any trade talks with the US should it leave the EU, while Mr Trump has regularly hailed a US-UK deal as a priority.  “Working on major Trade Deal with the United Kingdom. Could be very big & exciting. JOBS! The E.U. is very protectionist with the U.S. STOP!” the US president tweeted.

•  Donald Trump has declared he wants the NHS to be on the table in any US-UK trade deal and refused to meet the “negative” Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn, who pledged to oppose US corporations taking over the health service with every breath in his body. On the second day of his state visit, during which he has been hosted by the Queen and Theresa May, the US president set out his ambitions for a “phenomenal” post-Brexit trade deal with the UK.But following a cross-party backlash, the president later appeared to row back on his comments. In an interview with Good Morning Britain’s Piers Morgan, he said: “I don’t see [the NHS] being on the table. Somebody asked me a question today and I say everything is up for negotiation, because everything is. But that’s something I would not see as part of trade. That’s not trade.”Appearing earlier in the day alongside the outgoing prime minister at a joint press conference, Trump said US companies should have market access to every sector of the British economy as part of any deal, which he said could lead to a tripling of trade with the UK.
  “When you’re dealing on trade, everything is on the table. So NHS or anything else. A lot more than that,” he said, although May appeared to have to explain to Trump what the NHS was before he answered the question.https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jun/04/trump-says-he-turned-down-corbyn-request-to-meet

Norway
- 特朗普上周四表示美國應接收更多挪威移民，作為全球最快樂國家的人民，不少挪威人都聲言不會移民美國，更為挪威喝采，批評特朗普是種族主義者。挪威曾出現移民潮，全國近一成的人口移民美國。在一八八○至一八八九年時，逾十八萬五千名挪威人遠渡重洋，移民美國。但隨着挪威的經濟和生活環境愈見好轉，近年更「登頂」成為全球其中一個最富有、社會福利最好的國家。直至二○一六年，在五百三十萬挪威人中，只有約五百人移民美國。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180114/00180_002.html

france
- historical ties

• Yes, and the USA refused, despite the massive gratitude it owed to France.The assistance given to the USA by France was huge; an entire Navy, a ginormous, well-trained, professional Army, and more than enough weapons to arm the whole Continental Army. Many of whom also gave their lives. ALL of which was approved by, or provided by, a King using tax money from the French people not to just fight another Country, like usual, but given to a Revolution specifically designed to free itself from ANOTHER MONARCHY. Absolute heresy in a world run almost exclusively by MONARCHIES. That French assistance rapidly developed into a world-wide war with Britain which almost bankrupted Britain, but most certainly DID bankrupt France. The French population, living among the most abundant farms in the world, started the early stages of starvation. Which angered the people so much that they concluded they had had enough of Kings in general, and relieved Louis XVI of his head. So the State of France passed from a Monarchy to a Democracy, which took them some time to figure out how to do. It was of course a little sketchy at first, but nonetheless, it was still France, the Country, now under the control of the people. And it had been the French military, and the tax money of the French people, which had won the battle of Yorktown that made the USA a reality. (Thanks again, BTW.) The Americans had thrown off a King, and the French in their efforts to also throw off a monarchy had every Right in the world to seek support from the very Revolution in America which had caused the French a monumental amount of trouble and expense. It took a little more than a century, but at least Americans finally got a chance to show proper gratitude, a couple of times.https://www.quora.com/Did-France-ask-anything-in-return-from-the-United-States-after-the-Revolutionary-War-for-playing-such-an-important-role-in-their-freedom

- https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/11/tech/france-digital-tax-trump-investigation/index.html French lawmakers on Thursday approved a bill that would impose a new tax on services provided by large internet companies despite the risk of a costly backlash from the Trump administration. The United States Trade Representative announced a so-called Section 301 investigation on Wednesday, warning that the tax could discriminate against American companies. The move means the United States could end up imposing retaliatory tariffs on French products. "The United States is very concerned that the digital services tax ... unfairly targets American companies," US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said. The measure will take effect in January 2020, imposing a 3% tax on revenue earned by large internet companies in France, such as Amazon, Facebook and Google. It would apply to businesses with global revenue of more than €750 million ($845 million) and €25 million ($28 million) in France.
- 美國貿易代表處表示，今年較早前對法國展開「301調查」後，決定對葡萄釀製的氣酒、化妝品、瓷器、牛油、芝士及手袋等法國貨加徵關稅，將向公眾徵詢意見，明年一月七日舉行聽證會。貿易代表萊蒂澤表示，計劃加徵關稅的決定是要發出明確信號，美國會對歧視或以其他方式向美企施加不恰當壓力的數碼稅採取行動，以抗衡歐盟成員國對美國公司日益不公平的保護主義。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191204/00180_001.html

• The Trump administration on Friday announced additional duties of 25% on French cosmetics, handbags and other imports valued at $1.3 billion in response to France’s digital services tax, but would hold off on implementing the move for up to 180 days. The U.S. Trade Representative’s office said delaying the start of the tariffs would allow further time to resolve the issue, including through discussions in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The decision also reflected France’s agreement to defer collection of its 3% tax on digital services.The U.S. move follows a U.S. Section 301 probe, which concluded the French tax discriminates against U.S. tech firms such as Google , Facebook and Apple Inc .

germany
- 美國駐德國大使格雷內爾日前被爆去信部分德國企業，指他們若參與俄羅斯國營天然氣工業公司主導之天然氣管線興建計劃，將「面臨嚴重的制裁風險」。柏林方面則企硬，強調歐洲的能源政策並非由美國決定，俄羅斯則批評美國作出直接威脅，為的是向歐洲出售更昂貴的美國天然氣。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190115/00180_017.html

italy
- 俄亥俄州首府哥倫布市中最為標誌性的哥倫布銅像，經市長下令後周三早上將其移除，希望能終止種族歧視，市內能多有包容及多元性。位於市政廳外的十六呎哥倫布銅像是在一九九五年由意大利贈予的禮物，網上有多達十一萬八千人聯名簽署要求將銅像移除。經三小時拆除後，銅像現已安置在保護城市設施的地方。發現美洲新大陸的航海家哥倫布自反種族歧視示威以來，一直備受批評，示威者指他是殘暴對待美洲原住民，甚至將他們殺害。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20200704/00180_026.html
ireland
- The Clan na Gael (in modern Irish orthography: Clann na nGael, IPA: [ˈklˠan̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈŋeːlʲ], family of the Gaels) was an Irish republican organization in the United States in the late 19th and 20th centuries, successor to the Fenian Brotherhood and a sister organization to the Irish Republican Brotherhood.As Irish immigration to the United States of America began to increase in the 18th century many Irish organizations were formed. One of the earliest was formed under the name of the Irish Charitable Society and was founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1737. These new organizations went by varying names, most notably the Ancient and Most Benevolent Order of the Friendly Brothers of Saint Patrick, founded in New York in 1767, the Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick for the Relief of Emigrants in Philadelphia in 1771, and the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick also formed in New York in 1784.

turkey
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/09/us-suspends-handling-of-visas-in-turkey-after-arrest-of-consulate-staffer The US and Turkey have imposed travel restrictions on each other’s citizens in an escalating diplomatic spat that highlights worsening relations between Ankara and its western allies. Washington said late on Sunday it was suspending the processing of all non-immigrant visas in Turkey due to “recent events” that “have forced the United States government to reassess the commitment of the government of Turkey to the security of US mission facilities and personnel”. Ankara responded in the early hours of Monday with an identical statement, imposing tit-for-tat measures and suspending the processing of visas in its embassy and consulate in the US. It also shut down its online visa system for US citizens.

• https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-turkey-visa/u-s-turkey-mutually-lift-visa-restrictions-ending-months-long-row-idUSKBN1EM1AX

- 美國政府當地時間16日宣布， 從17日起取消給予土耳其的普惠制待遇，但同時 將從土進口的鋼材關稅稅率減半至25%。http://hk.hkcd.com/pdf/201905/0518/HA11518CGGH_HKCD.pdf

Jews
- Yeshiva University is a private university in New York City, with four campuses in New York City. Founded in 1886, it is a research university. The university's undergraduate schools—Yeshiva College, Stern College for Women, and Syms School of Business—offer a dual curriculum inspired by Modern-Centrist-Orthodox Judaism's hashkafa (philosophy) of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") combining academic education with the study of the Torah. Yeshiva is perhaps best known for its secular, highly selective graduate schools, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. The Forwardannounced on May 27, 2014 that Yeshiva would be shedding the financial burden of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine when the medical school is taken over by the Bronx-based Montefiore Health Systems. While the majority of students at the University are of the Jewish faith, many students, especially at School of Law, the College of Medicine, and the School of Business, are not Jewish. Yeshiva University is an independent institution chartered by New York State. It is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and by several professional agencies.

• orthodox forum

- The story begins during the halcyon days of the Lower East Side where, as Jennifer 8. Lee, the producer of The Search for General Tso, said, “Jews and Chinese were the two largest non-Christian immigrant groups” at the turn of the century. So while it’s true that Chinese restaurants were notably open on Sundays and during holidays when other restaurants would be closed, the two groups were linked not only by proximity, but by otherness. Jewish affinity for Chinese food “reveals a lot about immigration history and what it’s like to be outsiders,” she explained. Estimates of the surging Jewish population of New York City run from 400,000 in 1899 to about a million by 1910 (or roughly a quarter of the city’s population). And, as some Jews began to assimilate into American life, they not only found acceptance at Chinese restaurants, but also easy passage into the world beyond Kosher food. http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/12/why-american-jews-eat-chinese-food-on-christmas/384011

Iran
- the Iran–Contra affair (Persian: ماجراي ایران-کنترا‎‎, Spanish: caso Irán-Contra), also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of anarms embargo. They hoped thereby to secure the release of several U.S. hostagesand to fund the Contras in Nicaragua. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by the government had been prohibited by Congress.

black
- economist 22aug2020 our kind of people - how doesvthe black upper class respond to black lives matter


Africa
- african growth and opportunity act http://trade.gov/agoa , http://agoa.info/, The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a United States Trade Act, enacted on 18 May 2000.  While the current legislation extends duty-free preferences to approximately 40 Sub-Saharan African beneficiary countries (the actual number fluctuates annually, in line with US Presidential determinations), it is currently set to expire at the end of 2015. It will be up to the US Congress to extend or amend the legislation beyond this date.

• http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/us-prepares-to-renew-african-growth-act-1.1891607

- usaid east africa trade hub http://www.competeafrica.org/about/index.php Previously known as the Competitiveness and Trade Expansion (COMPETE) program, the East Africa Trade Hub has rebranded itself in an effort to harmonize the USAID brand across the three regional trade hubs. The Trade Hub is a regional program intended to increase food security and economic growth in East and Central Africa (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia and Mauritius). 

• factsheet http://www.competeafrica.org/Files/EA_Trade_Hub_Fact_Sheet_May_2014_Trade%20_Africa.pdf

- news

• US prepares investment push into Africa (29 May 14) http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/69924938-e65c-11e3-bbf5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz334PIUUm2

ethiopia

- The westbound lanes of Interstate 94 through St. Paul were closed for about two hours Wednesday evening after a group  representing the local Ethiopian community marched onto the freeway to protest a high-profile killing in their native country.Hundessa, 34, whose protest music galvanized members of the country’s largest ethnic group — the Oromo — was shot in a suburb of Addis Ababa and taken to a hospital after the attack, but died later of his wounds, the city’s police commissioner, Geta Argaw, told the state-affiliated broadcaster Fana on Tuesday. Argaw said suspects had been arrested in connection with the killing, but did not provide names. The killing drew condemnation from Ethiopian officials and citizens both inside and outside the country, with many remembering how his songs encouraged the country’s ethnic Oromo group to fight against repression. Even though they are Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group, the Oromos have long complained of economic and political marginalization.https://www.twincities.com/2020/07/01/protesters-close-westbound-i-94-in-st-paul/

Indo Pacific
- 美國、日本、澳洲和印度四國外交部門的官員日前在越南峴港進行會議，這是美國提出「四邊關係」以來四國首次進行相關溝通。本次會議並沒有發布正式的聯合公報、聲明或新聞稿，而是以各自公布的形式對外發布消息，這說明今次會議並沒有取得統一的成果，只能老調重談，各取所需。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20171115/00192_001.html
- https://www.state.gov/indo-pacific-transparency-initiative/ The Indo Pacific Transparency Initiative was announced by Vice President Pence in November 2018 at the APEC CEO Summit in Papua New Guinea. The Transparency Initiative encompasses more than $600 million in programs that have been funded since the beginning of the Trump Administration. These programs promote civil society, rule of law, and transparent and accountable governments across the region as part of the governance pillar of our vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific. U.S. support for good governance is integral to U.S. foreign policy and national security interests, and in line with U.S. values. Weak institutions, corruption, onerous and opaque business processes, and poor human rights conditions drive away private sector investment in too many societies and can lead to poor choices by governments. Indo-Pacific nations and regional institutions identify transparency as fundamental to the realization of our shared Indo-Pacific vision, including in ASEAN’s Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.

asia pacific
- Asian Pacific American Heritage Month (as of 2009, officially changed to Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month)^[1] is a period for the duration of month of May for recognizing the contributions and influence of Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States.The first Asians documented in the Americas arrived in 1587, when Filipinos landed in California;^[3][4] from 1898 to 1946, the Philippines was an American possession.^[5] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Indians in Jamestown, documented as early as 1635.^[6] from In 1778, the first Chinese to reach what would be the United States, arrived in Hawaii.^[7] In 1788, the first Native Hawaiian arrived on the continental United States, in Oregon;^[8] in 1900, Hawaii was annexed by the United States.^[9][a] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Japanese, who arrived in Hawaii in 1806.^[11] In 1884, the first Koreans arrived in the United States.^[12] In 1898, Guam was ceded to the United States;^[13] beginning in the 1900s, Chamorros began to migrate to California and Hawaii.^[14][b] In 1904, what is now American Samoa was ceded to the United States;^[16] beginning in the 1920s, Samoans began to migrate to Hawaii and the continental United States, with the first Samoans documented in Hawaii in 1920.^[17] In 1912, the first Vietnamese was documented in the United States.A former congressional staffer in the 1970s, Jeanie Jew, first approached Representative Frank Horton of the idea of designating a month to recognize Asian Pacific Americans, following the bicentennial celebrations.The proposed resolutions sought that May be designated for two reasons. For on May 7, 1843, the first Japanese immigrant arrived in the United States.^[23][24][25] More than two decades later, on May 10, 1869, the Golden spike was driven into the First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed using Chinese labor.President Jimmy Carter signed a joint resolution for the celebration on October 5, 1978.

India
- security

• ft 7sep18 "US paves way for sales of arms to India with security pact"

- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20161207/00180_019.html 美國候任總統特朗普曾承諾會將職位帶回美國，不過現任總統奧巴馬卻計劃將美軍戰鬥機搬到印度建造。美國飛機公司洛歇馬丁與波音已向印度政府建議，於印度設廠製造F16隼式戰機與F/A-18超級大黃蜂戰機。兩間公司發言人均指，此舉不會令美國製造業的職位流失，但會增加印度的就業職位。
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-haley/us-says-india-talks-a-priority-after-postponing-twice-idUSKBN1JO157 U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley said on Thursday that a top-level strategic dialogue with India will take place as soon as possible, after Washington put off the meeting for a second time in months.India and the United States have built close political and defense ties and U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Defense Secretary Jim Mattis were due to hold joint talks with their Indian counterparts in Washington on July 6. But Pompeo called Indian Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj on Wednesday night to say that the United States had to postpone the meeting because of unavoidable reasons, the Indian foreign ministry said. The so-called two-plus-two talks are the highest level of dialogue between the United States and India and were agreed by U.S. President Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi last year.
- diaspora

• economist 27jul19 "samosa power" indian-americans

australia
- steel

• 美媒周日引述消息指華府有意向澳洲進口鋁加徵關稅，但最終因軍方及國務院反對而作罷。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20190604/00180_020.html

australia and new zealand
- The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is the 1951 collective security non-binding agreement between Australia and New Zealand and, separately, Australia and the United States, to co-operate on military matters in the Pacific Ocean region, although today the treaty is taken to relate to conflicts worldwide. It provides that an armed attack on any of the three parties would be dangerous to the others, and that each should act to meet the common threat. It set up a committee of foreign ministers that can meet for consultation.The treaty was one of the series that the United States formed in the 1949–1955 era as part of its collective response to the threat of communism during the Cold War. New Zealand was suspended from ANZUS in 1986 as it initiated a nuclear-free zone in its territorial waters; in late 2012 the United States lifted a ban on visits by New Zealand warships leading to a thawing in tensions. New Zealand maintains a nuclear-free zone as part of its foreign policy and is partially suspended from ANZUS, as the United States maintains an ambiguous policy whether or not the warships carry nuclear weapons and operates numerous nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines; however New Zealand resumed key areas of the ANZUS treaty in 2007.  The treaty was previously a full three-way defence pact, but following a dispute between New Zealand and the United States in 1984 over visiting rights for ships and submarines capable of carrying nuclear arms^[4] or nuclear-powered ships of the US Navy to New Zealand ports, the treaty became between Australia and New Zealand and between Australia and the United States, i.e. the treaty has lapsed between the United States and New Zealand, although it remains separately in force between both of those states and Australia. In 2000, the United States opened its ports to the Royal New Zealand Navy once again, and under the presidency of Bill Clinton in the US and the government of Helen Clark in New Zealand, the countries have since reestablished bilateral cooperation on defence and security for world peace. While ANZUS is commonly recognised to have split in 1984, the Australia–US alliance remains in full force. Heads of defence of one or both states often have joined the annual ministerial meetings, which are supplemented by consultations between the US Combatant Commander Pacific and the Australian Chief of Defence Force. There are also regular civilian and military consultations between the two governments at lower levels. Annual meetings to discuss ANZUS defence matters take place between the United States Secretaries of Defense and State and the Australian Ministers of Defence and Foreign Affairs are known by the acronym AUSMIN. The AUSMIN meeting for 2011 took place in San Francisco in September. The 2012 AUSMIN meeting was in Perth, Western Australia in November. Unlike the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), ANZUS has no integrated defence structure or dedicated forces. Nevertheless, Australia and the United States conduct a variety of joint activities. These include military exercises ranging from naval and landing exercises at the task-group level to battalion-level special forces training, assigning officers to each other's armed services, and standardising equipment and operational doctrine. The two countries also operate several joint-defence facilities in Australia, mainly ground stations for spy satellite, and signals intelligence espionage in Southeast and East Asia as part of the ECHELON network. During the 2010s, New Zealand and the US resumed a close relationship, although it is unclear whether the revived partnership falls under the aegis of the 1951 trilateral treaty. The Wellington Declaration of 2010 defined a "strategic partnership" between New Zealand and the US, and New Zealand joined the biennial Rim of the Pacific military exercise off Hawaii in 2012, for the first time since 1984. The US prohibition on New Zealand ships making port at US bases was lifted after the 2012 exercise.
- In the years following the Second World War, Australia and New Zealand began pressing the United States for a formal security guarantee. The two nations felt threatened by the possibility of a resurgent Japan and the spread of communism to their North. Additionally, the fall of Singapore in 1942 had demonstrated that their traditional protector, the United Kingdom, no longer had power in the region. This added to their sense of vulnerability. The United States was initially reluctant, offering instead an informal guarantee of protection. But the need to strengthen the West against communism grew with the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 and the 1950-1953 Korean War. Additionally, the United States wanted to gain Australian and New Zealand approval for a 'soft peace' with Japan. The treaty allayed antipodean fears that such a peace would allow Japan to threaten them again. The resulting treaty was concluded at San Francisco on 1 September 1951, and entered into force on 29 April 1952. The treaty bound the signatories to recognise that an armed attack in the Pacific area on any of them would endanger the peace and safety of the others. It stated 'The Parties will consult together whenever in the opinion of any of them the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific'. The three nations also pledged to maintain and develop individual and collective capabilities to resist attack.


Japan
- history

• The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the western interior of the country of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of whom lived on the Pacific coast. 62 percent of the internees were United States citizens. These actions were ordered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt shortly after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

• [3rd serving of chicken soup - two families story] the japanese family was transported to a barren landscape in granada, colorado.  The relocation center consisted of tar-paper-roofed barracks surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards.The other family was a naturalised family from switzerland.

• The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (Pub.L. 100–383, title I, August 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 904, 50a U.S.C. § 1989b et seq.) is a United States federal law that granted reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned by the United States government during World War II. The act was sponsored by California's Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta, an internee as a child, and Wyoming's Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson, who first met Mineta while visiting an internment camp. The third co-sponsor was California Senator Pete Wilson. The bill was supported by the majority of Democrats in Congress, while the majority of Republicans voted against it. The act was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan.

- fta

• The Trump administration is putting a bilateral trade deal with Japan high on its economic agenda with a visit to the US next week by Shinzo Abe, the Japanese prime minister, set to include discussions about how best to pursue such a pact. https://www.ft.com/content/052cf600-e95b-11e6-893c-082c54a7f539- Oriental Economist Report http://www.orientaleconomist.com/
• Two influential U.S. livestock farmers' organizations sent a joint letter to U.S. President Donald Trump on Tuesday, calling on the president to start negotiations on a free trade agreement with Japan. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association and the National Pork Producers Council are both well-established organizations in the U.S. and are influential supporters of the Republican Party. Calls are mounting from livestock farmers for bilateral trade negotiations with Japan ahead of Friday's meeting between Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Trump, who has voiced concern about the auto trade between the two countries, which he described as "not fair." In the letter addressed to the president, the two organizations said: "We urge you to initiate free trade agreement negotiations with nations in the Asia-Pacific region beginning with Japan." Calling Japan "our highest value international market for both beef and pork exports," the groups argued that "our presence in Japan's market could be much larger with the reduction or elimination of tariffs and other import measures."https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/US-farmers-groups-urge-Trump-to-pursue-FTA-with-Japan
• https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49834705 The US and Japan have agreed an initial trade deal that will eliminate or lower tariffs on certain products traded between them. Duties on some agricultural goods will be removed or lowered, while digital products will also benefit. US President Donald Trump said the world's first and third largest economies achieved a "tremendous" deal. The trade agreement did not mention car tariffs of up to 25%, which were previously threatened by the US. But Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he had received assurances that no such tariffs would be imposed, according to media reports. The US, which had a trade deficit with Japan of $67.6 billion in 2018, has held discussions with Japan throughout the year. Under the deal, over 90% of US food and agricultural products going into Japan will either be free of any duty or receive preferential tariff access, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). Japan will reduce tariffs on products such as fresh and frozen beef and pork, and will immediately eliminate them for certain nuts, fruits and vegetables. In return, the US will either remove or lower duties on some $40 million of agricultural imports from Japan, including cut flowers, green tea and soy sauce.

• There have also been concerns in Beijing that the deal between the US and Japan – the world’s first and third largest economies – might contain the “poison pill” provision, which bars America’s free-trade partners from signing trade deals with “non-market countries”, as the US has described China. US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross threatened to add the provision to all future trade deals following the signing of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement in October.“It would be a relief to Beijing if the [Tokyo] deal doesn’t have the provision, otherwise it could be seen as a move to significantly contain China,” said Zhou Yongsheng, a professor at the Institute of International Relations at China Foreign Affairs University in Beijing. “If the provision is included, it would mean that neither the China-Japan-South Korea trade deal nor the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership could go through,” he said.The latter is a proposed free-trade agreement between the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations along with China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and India, and which completed its 27th round of negotiation in July.https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3030534/will-united-states-trade-deal-japan-make-life-more-difficult

• https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-japan/where-the-u-s-japan-trade-deal-falls-short-of-trans-pacific-pact-abandoned-by-trump-idUSKBN1WM0A3 don’t expect America’s Land O’Lakes butter to knock New Zealand’s Anchor or France’s President brands off store shelves in Japan, the world’s third-largest economy. Butter is one of several U.S. dairy products that will not get improved access to Japan’s 127 million consumers under the limited bilateral trade deal signed by Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Sept. 25. The deal aims to help restore Japanese market share lost by U.S. farmers to competitors in Australia, New Zealand and Canada since Trump pulled the United States out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), now an 11-country trade pact, on his third day in office in 2017. The U.S.-Japan deal’s full text was released on Monday and showed that some agricultural products would get worse access than they would have received under TPP. U.S. butter, skim milk powder and evaporated milk, along with some grains, would have competed with other TPP signatories for Japan’s new import quotas under the Pacific Rim deal. When the United States pulled out, that left more space for brands like Anchor or Australia’s Western Star. But Japan refused to grant the United States access to the TPP-wide quotas in the bilateral deal. European Union brands gained similar access in a Japan-EU trade deal launched in February. But there are gains that bring U.S. beef, pork and wine exports in line with TPP competitors from Australia, New Zealand and Canada, putting them on the same tariff schedule.

- portland

• ties http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21707571-japan-ponders-true-meaning-portland-bottling-hipness

- japanese in us

• Little Tokyo, also known as Little Tokyo Historic District, is an ethnically Japanese Americandistrict in downtown Los Angeles and the heart of the largest Japanese-American population in North America. It is the largest and most populous of only three official Japantowns in the United States, all of which are in California (the other two are Japantown, San Franciscoand Japantown, San Jose). Founded around the beginning of the 20th century, the area, sometimes called Lil' Tokyo, J-Town, 小東京 (Shō-tōkyō), is the cultural center for Japanese Americans in Southern California. It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1995. In 1905 the area of "Little Tokyo" was described as "bounded by San Pedro, Firstand Requena streets and Central avenue. The Los Angeles Times added: "It has a population of about 3500 Japanese, with quite a colony of Jews and Russians and a few Americans. . . . there are 10,000 Japanese in the city who make this section their rendezvous." The area was a magnet for immigrating Japanese until the Exclusion Act of 1924halted any further migration. Shops were along First Street, and vegetable markets were along Central Avenue to the south. Japanese Americans were a significant ethnic group in the vegetable trade, due to the number of successful Japanese American truck farms across Southern California. In 1941, there were approximately 30,000 Japanese Americans living in Little Tokyo. The incarceration of Japanese Americansduring World War II emptied Little Tokyo. For a brief time, the area became known as Bronzeville as African Americans and also Native Americans and Latinos moved into the vacated properties and opened up nightclubs, restaurants, and other businesses. Beginning in 1942, after the city's Japanese population was rounded up and "evacuated" to inland concentration camps, a large number of African Americans from the South moved to Los Angeles to find work in the labor-starved defense industry. Its share in the Second Great Migration almost tripled Little Tokyo's pre-war population, with some 80,000 new arrivals taking up residence there. Prohibited from buying and renting in most parts of the city by restrictive covenants, the area soon became severely overcrowded. 

north korea
- historical ties

• http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/06/11/a06-0611.pdf

- https://www.ft.com/content/2d8ee486-7227-11e8-aa31-31da4279a601
Jared Kushner opened up the back channel that led to US secretary of state Mike Pompeo’s secret trip to Pyongyang and the breakthrough summit between President Donald Trump and North Korea’s Kim Jong Un. A senior North Korean official who wanted to push for a shift in relations with Washington sought contact with Mr Kushner last summer, two people familiar with the matter told the Financial Times. The revelation underscores the highly unorthodox nature of Mr Trump’s White House, where family and personalised ties have shaped US foreign relations as part of the president’s desire to chart an unconventional path in a bid to pull off big-ticket deals.

south korea
- South Korea indicated on Wednesday it was open to talks on revising a 2012 trade pact with the United States after initial differences that followed U.S. President Donald Trump’s threat to terminate the accord unless it was renegotiated. After a day of talks in Washington, South Korea’s trade ministry said in a statement, “The two sides recognized the need to amend the FTA to enhance mutual benefits of the KORUS FTA,” as the pact is called.http://www.the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003985081
- 美朝外交並非首次出現曙光，雙方二十四年前曾訂定《美朝框架協議》，最終卻因北韓試射彈道導彈，雙方談判破裂而成為泡影。代表五十萬韓裔美籍人士的「大紐約區韓裔美籍人士協會」會長金珉宣表示，希望美朝雙方能夠吸取當年教訓，透過建設性對話達成共識。
http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180611/00176_013.html

• http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190316000034 The US trade authority said Saturday that it has made a request to the South Korean government to have consultations under the bilateral free trade deal on resolving competition-related issues.

- https://www.ft.com/content/6b4d2bb0-72ea-11e9-bf5c-6eeb837566c5 South Korea is making a last-ditch attempt to win an exemption from US tariffs on cars and auto parts, as the country struggles to shield its export-driven economy from rising US protectionism and the fallout from Donald Trump’s trade war with China. Yoo Myung-hee, South Korea’s trade minister, will visit Washington this week to press Seoul’s case with White House officials, members of Congress and US trade representatives, before the US president pushes through a new tariff against one of its key allies in Asia. Mr Trump is expected to make a decision by Saturday on whether to slap duties of up to 25 per cent on car imports and components under the so-called “Section 232” tariffs, used to protect the US from strategic threats from its trading partners. The US is South Korea’s second-largest trading partner after China and vehicles are South Korea’s top export item to the US, worth $13.6bn last year. The Section 232 plan has raised fears in Seoul of big job losses, with carmakers expected to respond by shifting some production offshore.

Philippines
- association

• Philippine-american club

malaysia

- 美國海關及邊防保護局（CBP）前日表示，懷疑全球最大棕櫚油生產商、馬來西亞公司FGV存在剝削勞工等問題，禁止美國從FGV及其子公司進口棕櫚油，新規即時生效。FGV對CBP的決定感失望，指公司已採取實際行動展示對尊重人權及符合勞工標準的決心，強調不會容忍任何侵犯人權或在經營上有任何刑事違規的行為。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20201002/00180_020.html

Fast-track Trade authority
-  http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/35ef7684-64d6-11e4-ab2d-00144feabdc0.html Senior Republicans have vowed to work with the Obama administration on trade in the wake of sweeping election victories for the party, declaring it an area where the president and a new Republican-controlled Congress share a common interest. Most Republicans support planned trade deals with Europe and countries on the Pacific Rim, but Mr McConnell acknowledged that many Democrats are “unenthusiastic about international trade”. Orrin Hatch, the Utah Republican in line to take over the powerful chairmanship of the Senate Finance Committee, said granting the president so-called “fast-track” authority to conclude trade agreements was a priority for co-operation.

Regional Trade Agreement policy
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/209bac34-5834-11e4-b331-00144feab7de.html If Republicans seize control of the Senate in next month’s midterm elections, it would be bad news politically for Barack Obama and his Democrats. But the dirty little secret in Washington is that it could be very good news for the US president’s trade agenda.

TPP
- http://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1521522/us-farm-groups-seek-exclude-japan-pacific-trade-talks
- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1537765/us-hopes-draft-trans-pacific-pact-free-trade-deal-november
- http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Abe-Biden-agree-to-seek-TPP-agreements-flexibly, http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/page4e_000050.html
- http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21621893-trade-talks-unexpectedly-break-down-stalemate
- http://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1613278/beijing-says-tpp-pact-incomplete-without-china
- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1631412/republican-gains-mid-term-polls-could-aid-obamas-asian-trade-deal

Investment environment
- http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21606283-budgets-tight-cutting-taxes-hard-so-american-states-should-cut-red-tape-unshackle#sthash.spOLDD6U.dpbs
- http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21606296-plot-liberate-new-hampshire-anarchists-get-organised#sthash.HFucuckN.dpbs
- http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1603543/us-legislative-risk-looms-expanding-chinese-firms

Events/festival
- Asia Week New York http://www.asiaweekny.com/
- Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas http://sxsw.com/
- virtual job fair http://www.icvirtualfair.com/- new york asian film festival https://www.facebook.com/NYAFF, http://www.subwaycinema.com/

Learn about Jobs with CIA, NSA and More!
On Wednesday, Feb. 26, six organizations from the U.S. Intelligence Community will open their virtual doors to qualified job seekers who are looking for rewarding and exciting careers in intelligence. 
The fifth annual IC Virtual Career Fair will be held from 2 to 8 p.m. Eastern. Virtual space is limited, so   Reserve your spot today! 
From the comfort of your computer or mobile device, you can: 

• Visit virtual booths
• Chat with recruiters and subject matter experts
• Attend live presentations
• Explore currently available jobs
• Network with other job seekers
• Learn about cooperative education programs

Sounds good! Take me to Registration! 
Who will be there?
Meet representatives from the following agencies and components:

• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• FBI Language Services Section (FBI LSS)
• National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
• National Security Agency (NSA)
• National Virtual Translation Center (NVTC)
• Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)

I’d love to meet them! Where’s Registration? 
What kind of jobs are open?
You’ll find jobs in the following disciplines, mostly in the Washington, D.C./Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area:

• Clandestine Services
• Computer Science/Computer Engineering
• Cooperative Education Programs
• Cybersecurity/Information Assurance
• Data Science
• Engineering – Aerospace, Aeronautical, Chemical, Electronics, Mechanical, Nuclear and Systems
• Graphic Design and Multimedia Specialist
• Foreign Language – Language Analysts, Officers/Instructors, Contract Linguists with
  full professional proficiency in:
  • All African languages
  • All Arabic dialects
  • Chinese/Mandarin
  • Dari
  • French (limited openings available)
  • German
  • Italian (limited openings available)
  • Korean
  • Pashto
  • Persian
  • Portuguese
  • Russian
  • Somali
  • Spanish (limited openings available)
  • Tongan
  • Turkish
  Note: Not all participating agencies have openings in all languages.

Information Technology – Software/Application Developer, Network Engineer, Mobile Application Developer

Intelligence Analysis – Analytic Methodology, Maritime, and Technical Analysis (Geodetic Surveyor, Aeronautical, Bathymetry, Photogrammetry, Geodetic/Earth Science, Geodetic Orbit Scientist, and targeting

Mission Support – Data Analytics, Human Resources, Logistics, Police Officer

Science and Mathematics (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Materials Science)

U.S. CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED

Sneak Preview and On Demand!
Registration is your virtual ticket not only to the event, but also to a limited sneak preview day on Tuesday, February 25, and a 1-week on-demand period February 27 through March 5. 
At the sneak preview, you’ll be able to familiarize yourself with the show environment and download informational materials ahead of time. 
The on-demand period lets you come back to the show at your leisure to collect the materials you gathered or review presentations and other information. Plus, if you know you won’t be available on event day, register anyway to attend the show during the on-demand period. 
Chat-with-recruiter functionality will only be available on event day. 
Accessibility Information
If you are unable to attend the IC Virtual Career Fair, or have difficulty with some components of the virtual environment using accessibility software (e.g., screen reading software, live-captioning services), please visit the agency websites listed above for more information and to apply online. 
IC Agencies Are Equal Opportunity Employers

• All applicants for employment are considered without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, marital status, disability, sexual orientation, or status as a parent.