Wednesday, December 19, 2018

armenia

country name
- called armenia by persians about 2600 years ago
- biblical name is ararat or urartian kingdom in hebrew.

  • [encyclopedia of the peoples os asia and oceania by barbara west] name arata linked to a city of 3rd millennium bce, resembkes the sacred mountainsvof armenians, ararat

royalty
-La famille Rechtouni, Rchtouni ou Ṙštuni (en arménien Ռշտունի) est une famille de la noblesse arménienne. Ses membres prétendaient descendre des rois d'Urartu. Rshtuni (Armenian: Ռշտունի, also spelled Rshdouni. Reshdouni, Rashdouni, Rachdouni, Rachdoni, and Rushdoony) was an old Armenian noble house which ruled the region of Rshtuniq who were purportedly descendants of Rusas I of Urartu. The first attested member of the house is Manadjihr Rshtuni from about 330, brother of Zora, attested in 335 and 350 both of whom revolted against the King of Armenia Tiran, along with the prince Vatche Artsruni. The king ordered the extermination of the two families, but Savasp Artsruni and Tadjat Rshtuni survived. The latter is the father of Garegin Rshtuni, attested between 370-80. Artak Rshtuni is attested in 445. The family rules from their region of Rshtuniq, as well as Bznuniq obtained from Arshakunis after the extermination of the family Bznuni. Rshtunis support the Sassanid Persians for the most part against the Byzantines. The best known member and the leading figure of the family in the early 7th century is Theodoros Rshtuni, marzban then prince of Armenia from 638 to 655, who had the difficult task of ensuring Armenia's survival between Byzantine and Arab ambitions. Following the destruction of the Sassanid empire, the Muslim incursions into Armenia in 642 began. He is eventually exiled by the Caliph to Damascus. The family becomes increasingly irrelevant following Theodoros' exile, becoming vassals of the Artsrunis and losing their hereditary land of Bznunik to the Mamikonians in 656. Vart Rshtuni is the last attested member of the family in 705. Till now there are still members of the clan.
  • Calouste Gulbenkian (/kæˈluːst ɡʊlˈbɛŋkiən/, Western Armenian: Գալուստ Կիւլպէնկեան; 23 March 1869 – 20 July 1955) was a businessman and philanthropist of British nationality and Armenian origin. He played a major role in making the petroleum reserves of the Middle East available to Western development and is credited with being the first person to exploit Iraqi oil.[1] Gulbenkian travelled extensively and lived in a number of cities including Constantinople, London, Paris, and Lisbon. Throughout his life, Gulbenkian was involved with many philanthropic activities including the establishment of schools, hospitals, and churches. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, a private foundation based in Portugal, was started at his bequest in 1956 and continues to promote arts, charity, education, and science throughout the world. It is now among the largest foundations in Europe.[2] By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals and his art acquisitions one of the greatest private collections. 
  • Gulbenkian's family is believed to be descendants of the Rshtunis, an Armenian noble family centered around Lake Van in the 4th century AD.[6] In the 11th century, the Rshtunis settled in Kayseri, taking the name Vart Badrik, a Byzantine noble title. With the arrival of the Ottoman Turks, the Turkish equivalent of the name, Gülbenk, was adopted. The family had established themselves in the town of Talasand lived in the region until the mid-1800s, when they ultimately moved to Constantinople. Their property in Talas was ultimately confiscated and is currently owned by the Turkish government. By 1860, his father Sarkis Gulbenkian was an Armenian oil importer/exporter already heavily involved in the oil industry. Sarkis was an owner of several oil fields in the Caucasus, mainly in Baku, and was a representative of Alexander Mantashev's oil company.[8] Sarkis Gulbenkian also provided oil to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.[9] During Hagop Pasha's Directorship, and, subsequently, Ministry of the Privy Treasury under Sultan Abdulhamid II in 1879, Sarkis acquired the lucrative collection of taxes for the Privy Purse of Mesopotamia.

Ani (Armenian: Անի; Greek: Ἄνιον, Ánion;[5]Latin: Abnicum;[6][7] Georgian: ანისი,Anisi;[8] Turkish: Anı)[9] is a ruined medieval Armenian city situated in the Turkishprovince of Kars near the closed border with Armenia. Between 961 and 1045, it was the capitalof the Bagratid Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey. Called the "City of 1001 Churches",[7][10] Ani stood on various trade routes and its many religious buildings, palaces, and fortifications were amongst the most technically and artistically advanced structures in the world.[11][12] At its height, the population of Ani probably was on the order of 100,000. Long ago renowned for its splendor and magnificence, Ani was sacked by the Mongols in 1236 and devastated in a 1319 earthquake, after which it was reduced to a village and gradually abandoned and largely forgotten by the seventeenth century. Ani is a widely recognized cultural, religious, and national heritage symbol for Armenians.
瓦約茨佐爾省  Vayots Dzor (Armenian: Վայոց Ձոր, Armenian pronunciation: [vɑjˌɔt͡sʰ ˈd͡zɔɾ] (About this soundlisten)), is a province of Armenia. It lies at the southeastern end of the country, bordering the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan in the west and the Kalbajar District (de jure part of Azerbaijan, de facto controlled by the unrecognized Artsakh Republic) in the east. The province is home to many ancient landmarks and tourist attractions in Armenia including the Areni-1 cave complex and Areni-1 winery of the Chalcolithic period, the 8th-century Tanahat Monastery, the 10th-century Smbataberd fortress, and the 13th-century Noravank monastery. Vayots Dzor is also home to the spa-town of Jermuk. The village of Gladzor in Vayots Dzor was home to the 13th and 14th-century University of Gladzor.Literally meaning the valley of sorrows, the province is named after the Vayots Dzor canton of historic Syunik; the ninth province of Ancient Armenia. Syunik was ruled by the Siunia dynasty.
- it was claimed that the oldest shoe in the world is made with leather and was discovered in 2008 in a cave in the province

 エレバン（Երևան、Yerevan アルメニア語発音: [jɛɾɛˈvɑn]）は、アルメニア共和国の首都である。イェレヴァン、エリバン（Erivan）、エレブニ（Erebuni）、エレウン（Ereun）と呼ばれていたこともある。「Erewan」、「Ayrivan」、「Erevan」などの表記も見られる。ロシア語ではかつて"Эривань"（エリヴァニ）と表記されていたが、1930年代頃から原音に近い"Ереван"（イェレヴァン）と綴られるようになった[1]。  Yerevan (/ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn/, YE-rə-VAHN; Armenian: Երևան[a] [jɛɾɛˈvɑn] (About this sound listen), sometimes spelled Erevan)[b] is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.[12] Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia, and the seventh located in or around the Ararat plain. The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese; the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by king Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain.[14] Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital."[15] By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. Under Iranian and Russianrule, it was the center of the Erivan Khanate from 1736 to 1828 and the Erivan Governorate from 1850 to 1917, respectively. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empirearrived in the area.[16] The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century as Armeniabecame part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empireto Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government.
- One theory regarding the origin of Yerevan's name is the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand (Orontes) IV, the last leader of the Orontid Dynasty, and founder of the city of Yervandashat.[21] However, it is likely that the city's name is derived from the Urartian military fortress of Erebuni(Էրեբունի), which was founded on the territory of modern-day Yerevan in 782 BC by Argishti I.[21] As elements of the Urartian language blended with that of the Armenian one, the name eventually evolved into Yerevan (Erebuni = Erevani = Erevan = Yerevan). 
- The principal symbol of Yerevan is Mount Ararat, which is visible from any area in the capital. The seal of the city is a crowned lion on a pedestal with the inscriptit in the upper part. The emblem is a rectangular shieldwith a blue border. On 27 September 2004, Yerevan adopted an anthem, "Erebuni-Yerevan", written by Paruyr Sevak and composed by Edgar Hovhanisyan. It was selected in a competition for a new anthem and new flag that would best represent the city. The chosen flag has a white background with the city's seal in the middle, surrounded by twelve small red triangles that symbolize the twelve historic capitals of Armenia. The flag includes the three colours of the Armenian National flag. The lion is portrayed on the orange background with blue edging.
- nick name is pink city
- famous people

  • Aziz Mammad Karim oglu Aliyev (Azeri: Əziz Əliyev; Russian: Азиз Алиев; 20 December 1896 – 27 July 1962) was an Azerbaijani, Dagestani and Soviet politician, scientist, and member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He was the father-in-law of Azerbaijan's President Heydar Aliyev, who married his daughter Zarifa Aliyeva, and maternal grandfather of Azerbaijan's current President Ilham Aliyev.Aziz Aliyev was born into an Azeri working-class family in the rural part of Erivan Governorate(then part of the Russian Empire, now mostly part of Armenia) at Hamamli (present-day Spitak). While still an infant, he moved with his family to Erivan, where he soon started attending a Russian-Muslim primary school and later the Erivan gymnasium (secondary school in the Russian Imperial education system). In 1920 Aziz Aliyev married Leyla Abbasova, an Erivan-native. 
  • Mihran Poghosyan (Armenian: Միհրան Պողոսյան; born 29 May 1976) is an Armenian businessman and civil servant and currently deputy of the Republican Party of Armenia. He was Major-General of Justice and Chief Compulsory Enforcement Officer since June 2008, until he resigned in April 2016, following revelations in the Panama Papers.Poghosyan was born in Yerevan on 29 May 1976.[1] He studied Economics at Yerevan State University from 1993-1998 and Law at the International University in Moscowfrom 2004-2006 and holds a PhD in Economics. The title "Honorary Professor" was conferred on him by the Scientific Council of the Law Institute of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Armenia. He was the youngest citizen of the Republic of Armenian to be awarded the Major General honour (outside of periods of war). He is married to Karineh Mkhitaryan, and they have three children.
  • https://www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers/armenia-under-new-leadership-re-opens-panama-papers-case/ 
company
- armanantiques.com

People
- Tiridates III (spelled Trdat; Armenian: Տրդատ Գ; 250–330 AD) was the king of Arsacid Armenia (287–330), and is also known as Tiridates the Great Տրդատ Մեծ; some scholars incorrectly refer to him as Tiridates IV as a result of the fact that Tiridates I of Armeniareigned twice. In 301, Tiridates proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia, making the Armenian kingdom the first state to embrace Christianity officially. Tiridates III, Ashkhen and Khosrovidukht are Saints in the Armenian Apostolic Church, and by extension all of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and their feast day is on the Saturday after the fifth Sunday after Pentecost.[12] On this feast day To the Kings is sung. Their feast dayis usually around June 30.
- Mesrop Mashtots (Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց Mesrop Maštoc'; Eastern Armenian: [mɛsˈɾop maʃˈtotsʰ]; Western Armenian: [mɛsˈɾob maʃˈtotsʰ]; Latin: Mesrobes Mastosius; 362 – February 17, 440 AD), also known as Mesrob the Vartabed, was an early medieval Armenian linguist, theologian, statesman and hymnologist. He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity.[2] He was also the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabets, according to a number of scholars and contemporaneous Armenian sources. 
- Yeghishe Vardapet (Armenian: Եղիշե, pronounced [jɛʁiˈʃɛ], AD 410 – 475; Eliseus, spelled alternatively Yeghisheh, Yeghishé, Eghishe, Egishe, Elishe, or Ełišē) was an Armenian historian from the time of late antiquity. He was the author of a history documenting the successful revolt of the Armenians in the fifth century against the rule and religion of the Sassanid Persians.
- Lazar P‘arpets‘i
  • Author of a history of 5th-century *Armenia, covering the years 387–484. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-2739
- badr al-gammali

  • Mentioned in "IBN TULUN: his lost city and great mosque" , had great impact on egypt during fatimid period, memorial tomb on top of muqqatam hills, son being al-afdal
- Keran of Lampron (before 1262 – 28 July 1285) was a by-birth member of the House of Lampron and by marriage Queen consort of Armenia. She was the daughter of Prince Hethum of Lampron by his unknown wife, who probably was from Frankish origin.[1] She had three known siblings: Marianne, Alix (later wife of Balian d'Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus), and Raymond, Lord of Michael'gla. Before 15 January 1262/14 January 1263, Keran married Prince Leo of Armenia, eldest son and heir of King Hethum I, who became in King after his father's abdication in 1270. Born Anna, she was called Kir-Anna (Lady Anna) after her husband take the throne. This name was later shortened to Keran, or Guerane.
- music

- Sir Catchick Paul Chater CMG (Armenian: Փոլ Չաթեր; Chinese: 遮打; 8 September 1846 – 27 May 1926) was a prominent British-Indian businessman of Armeniandescent in colonial Hong Kong, whose family roots were in Calcutta.Chater was born Khachik Pogose Astwachatoor[1][2] (Armenian: Խաչիկ Պողոս Աստվածատրյան) in Calcutta, British India, one of thirteen offspring of Armenianparents Miriam and Chater Paul Chater. His father was a member of the Indian civil service. Chater was orphaned at the age of seven, and he gained entry into the La Martiniere College in Calcutta on a scholarship. He later became a benefactor of the school when, in 1924/25 he made the single biggest donation to any institution or organisation whilst still alive, donating eleven lakhs Rupees to the desperately struggling school, thus allowing it to avoid certain closure. To honour his contribution to the school, Sir Paul Chater's name was included in the school prayer.[3] In 1864,[4] he moved to Hong Kong from Calcutta and lived with the family of his sister Anna and sister's husband Jordan Paul Jordan.In the early days in Hong Kong, he was an assistant at the Bank of Hindustan, China and Japan. Later, with the aid of the Sassoon family, he set up business as an exchange broker, resigned from the bank, and traded gold bullion and land on his own account.[5] He took sea-bed soundings at night in a sampan and was thus instrumental in plotting the reclamation of Victoria Harbour.[5] He is credited with a pivotal role in the colonial government's success in acquiring lands then held by the military, at a cost of two million pounds sterling.In 1868, he and Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody formed brokerage company Chater & Mody, a largely successful business partnership in Hong Kong, although the firm's Hong Kong Milling Company (aka Rennie's Mill) failed in 1908 and resulted in the suicide of Albert Rennie. In 1886, he helped Patrick Manson establish Dairy Farm, and he entered the Legislative Council that same year, taking the place of F.D. Sassoon.[6] Also in 1886 Chater established Kowloon Wharf and Godown, predecessor of The Wharf (Holdings). In 1889, he established Hongkong Land with James Johnstone Keswick.[8] Hong Kong Land commenced the land reclamation project under the Praya Reclamation Scheme in 1890. Persuaded by the suggestion of temporary councillor Bendyshe Layton that Hong Kong should have electricity, they secretly acquired an old graveyard in Wan Chai, where they built one of the earliest power stations in the world.[9] In 1890, the Hongkong Electric Company went into production.

  • Marble Hall (雲石堂) was the private residence of Sir Catchick Paul Chater, co-founder of Hong Kong Land. It was situated at 1 Conduit Road, Hong Kong, and constructed 1901–1904 from imported European marble. Historians regard it as one of the finest ever examples of architecture in Hong Kong.Sir Paul chose a site above Victoria, 500 feet above sea level. Designed by Leigh & Orange,[1] a most sumptuous residence was constructed from imported marble quarried in Italy and Greece and finished in Belgium.Chater died in 1926, and bequeathed Marble Hall and its entire contents, including his unique collection of porcelain and paintings, to Hong Kong. Chater's wife lived in Marble Hall as a life tenant until her death in 1935. Ownership then passed to the government. It became "Admiralty House" – the official residence of the Naval Commander-in-Chief, and was commandeered by Japanese during their occupation.Marble Hall accidentally burned down in 1946, and the government buildings occupied the site since its demolition in 1953. Government residences named 'Chater Hall Flats' are today located on the site of Marble Hall. All that remains today is the gatekeeper's lodge, which has been given a Grade 2 classification by the Antiquities Advisory Board.
politics
- Armenian President Armen Sarkissian on Saturday refused to sign an order from Prime Minister Nikol Pachinian dismissing the head of the army, further aggravating the political crisis in the country, where several thousand people again took to the streets. "The president, within the framework of the powers conferred on him by the Constitution, has returned the text (ordering the dismissal of the head of the army) with objections," the presidency explained in a statement.The political crisis "cannot be resolved by frequent changes of officials," it added.

Shortly afterwards, Pachinian said on Facebook that he would refer the order back to the presidency, stressing that the decision had "not at all" defused the crisis.https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/27/armenian-president-refuses-order-to-dismiss-army-chief-as-political-crisis-worsens


need for coastline
- https://www.quora.com/Which-country-has-the-least-need-for-their-coastline-and-which-landlocked-country-has-the-most-need-for-a-coastline

armenians (people)
-[encyclopedia of the peoples os asia and oceania by barbara west] also called armyanin, hay, somekhi

armenian (language)
- history/development

  • https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-Armenian-language-come-to-be-and-how-has-it-evolved-over-the-centuries
- armenian alphabet invented in 5th c
- no grammatical gender https://www.quora.com/Which-Indo-European-languages-have-no-grammatical-gender
- "-yan"

  • patronymic and can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root *-iyn̥. https://www.quora.com/Why-do-the-English-names-of-many-Roman-emperors-end-in-ian-Is-there-a-connection-with-the-Armenian-surname-ending-ian

- names

  • https://www.quora.com/Do-all-Armenian-names-end-in-yan-or-ian-Does-the-ending-mean-son-of
- proverbial saying

  • https://www.quora.com/What-is-your-favourite-proverbial-saying-in-languages-other-than-English-What-does-it-mean

- turkish influence

  • https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-Turkish-loan-words-in-your-language 
  • note bala 
- comparison with greek

  • https://www.quora.com/How-similar-are-Greek-and-Armenian-languages

christianity?
- The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, romanized: Hay Aṙak'elakan Yekeghetsi)[note 1] is the national church of the Armenian people. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian communities.[3] The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion under the rule of King Tiridates in the early 4th century.[4][5] The church originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus in the 1st century, according to tradition. It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Orthodox Church or Gregorian Church. The latter is not preferred by the church itself, as it views the Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus as its founders, and St. Gregory the Illuminator as merely the first official governor of the church. It is also simply known as the Armenian Church.
  • 亞美尼亞使徒教會是世界上最古老的基督 教國家教會，他們聲稱是耶穌門徒巴多羅買和 達陡到來傳教時建立的。當地國王約在公元三 百年轉信基督宗教，比羅馬帝國的君士坦丁大 帝信教還要早。今次展出的古老手抄本，跟其 他留存下來的經文卷一樣是寫在動物皮毛上的 。有些加插了繪畫，以隱喻方式表達宗教思想 。譬如一幅描繪天使長加百列的圖畫，其右手 持短矛，左手抓着一個四肢截斷的小人，雙腳 站在一個已死去的藍色人身上，造型與一般常 見的加百列畫像不同。亞美尼亞人過去經常帶 經文手抄本上戰場，此圖像相信是用來增加他 們殺敵的信心。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170417/PDF/a17_screen.pdf

- A khachkar, also known as an Armenian cross-stone[1](Armenian: խաչքար, pronounced [χɑtʃʰˈkʰɑɾ], խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial stelebearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs.[2] Khachkars are characteristic of Medieval Christian Armenian art.


hayk
- Hayastan is the Armenian name for Armenia, name derived from hayk, the supreme god of armenia during pagan times

History
- Mamikonian or Mamikonean (Classical Armenian: Մամիկոնեան; reformed orthography:Մամիկոնյան; Western Armenian pronunciation: Mamigonian) was an aristocratic dynasty which dominated Armenian politics between the 4th and 8th century. They ruled the Armenian regions of Taron, Sasun, Bagrevand and others. Their patron saint was Saint Hovhannes Karapet (John the Baptist) whose monastery of the same name (also known as Glak) they fiercely defended against the Sassanid invaders.

  • Vardan Mamikonian (Armenian: Վարդան Մամիկոնյան; 387[2]–451 AD) was an Armenianmilitary leader, a martyr and a saint of the Armenian Church. He is best known for leading the Armenian army at the Battle of Avarayr in 451, which ultimately secured the Armenians' right to practice Christianity.
-The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia(Armenian: Բագրատունիների թագավորություն, Bagratunineri t’agavorut’yun), also known as Bagratid Armenia (Armenian: Բագրատունյաց Հայաստան Bagratunyats Hayastan), was an independent state established by Ashot I Bagratuni in the early 880s[2] following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyadand Abbasid rule. With the two contemporary powers in the region, the Abbasids and Byzantines, too preoccupied to concentrate their forces in subjugating the people of the region and the dissipation of several of the Armeniannakharar noble families, Ashot was able to assert himself as the leading figure of a movement to dislodge the Arabs from Armenia.
- 奇里乞亞亞美尼亞王國The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: Կիլիկիոյ Հայոց Թագաւորութիւն, Kilikio Hayoc’ T’akavorut’yun), also known as the Cilician Armenia (Armenian: Կիլիկյան Հայաստան, Kilikyan Hayastan), Lesser Armenia, or New Armenia,[1] was an independent principality formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuq invasion of Armenia.[2] Located outside the Armenian Highland and distinct from the Armenian Kingdom of antiquity, it was centered in the Cilicia region northwest of the Gulf of Alexandretta. The kingdom had its origins in the principality founded c. 1080 by the Rubenid dynasty, an alleged offshoot of the larger Bagratid family, which at various times had held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia. Their capital was originally at Tarsus, and later became Sis.[3] Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. It also served as a focus for Armenian nationalism and culture, since Armenia proper was under foreign occupation at the time. Cilicia's significance in Armenian history and statehood is also attested by the transfer of the seat of the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church, spiritual leader of the Armenian people, to the region. In 1198, with the crowning of Leo the Magnificent of the Rubenid dynasty, Cilician Armenia became a kingdom. In 1226, the crown was passed to rival Hethumids through Leo's daughter Isabella's second husband, Hethum I. As the Mongols conquered vast regions of Central Asia and the Middle East, Hethum and succeeding Hethumid rulers sought to create an Armeno-Mongol allianceagainst common Muslim foes, most notably the Mamluks.[5] In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Crusader states and the Mongol Ilkhanate disintegrated, leaving the Armenian Kingdom without any regional allies. After relentless attacks by the Mamluks in Egypt in the fourteenth century, the Cilician Armenia of the Lusignan dynasty, mired in an internal religious conflict, finally fell in 1375. Commercial and military interactions with Europeans brought new Western influences to the Cilician Armenian society. Many aspects of Western European life were adopted by the nobility including chivalry, fashions in clothing, and the use of French titles, names, and language. Moreover, the organization of the Cilician society shifted from its traditional system to become closer to Western feudalism.[7] The European Crusaders themselves borrowed know-how, such as elements of Armenian castle-building and church architecture.[8] Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East-West trade.

  • note the lion in coat of arms

- from 11th to 13th c, armenia resisted attacks from seljuk turks and tatar mongols
- 16th c, divided between the ottoman empire and persia
- in 1828, part of country that was undrr persian rule was taken over by russian empire
- in 1918 (end of ww1) armenia declared an independent republic. Two years later, it fell under the attack of russian bolsheviks, becoming part of soviet union in 1922
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