Russian (language)

ь
- https://www.quora.com/Why-is-%D1%8C-not-pronounced-sometimes-in-Russian-words-such-as-%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC-What-is-the-pronunciation-rule-for-this

Russian word барак (barak) means a very primitive home shared by many people, often devoid of running water, lighting and sanitation. For instance, it is used for dwellings in a concentration camp. But many barak were built in cities as well, and became homes for people who came from villages to cities. In the late 1950s, the housing situation started to get better but even now there are some people who live in barak. https://www.quora.com/What-foreign-person-names-sound-weird-in-your-language

E, Э 
- https://www.quora.com/Why-in-Russian-is-the-German-city-Dresden-spelled-%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-even-though-the-%D1%80-and-%D0%B4-are-pronounced-as-hard-consonants-instead-of-being-spelled

И and Ы
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-%D0%98-and-%D0%AB-in-Russian-language

The instrumental case (abbreviated ins or instr) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept. Modern English expresses the instrumental meaning by use of adverbial phrases that begin with the words with, by, or using then followed by the noun indicating the instrument. The instrumental case appears in Old English, Old Saxon, Georgian, Armenian, Basque, Sanskrit, and the Balto-Slavic languages. An instrumental/comitative case is arguably present in Turkish and other Altaic languages,^{[citation needed]} as well as in Tamil. Also, Uralic languages reuse the adessive case where available, locative case if not, to mark the same category, or comitative case (Estonian). For example, the Finnish kirjoitan kynällä does not mean "I write on a pen", but "I write using a pen", even if the adessive -llä is used. In Ob-Ugric languages, the same category may also mark agents with verbs that use an ergative alignment, like "I give you, using a pen". The instrumental case is notably used in Russian, where the case is called творительный падеж (tvoritel'nyj padež). In most declension paradigms, the instrumental case in Russian can generally be distinguished by the -ом ("-om") suffix for most masculine and neuter nouns, the -ою/-oй ("-oju"/"-oj") suffix for most feminine nouns and -ами ("-ami") for any of the three genders in the plural.

kremlin means citadel

Legal
- A ukase, or ukaz (/juːˈkeɪs/; Russian: указ [ʊˈkas], formally "imposition"), in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law. "Edict" and "decree" are adequate translations using the terminology and concepts of Roman law. From the Russian term, the word ukase has entered the English language with the meaning of "any proclamation or decree; an order or regulation of a final or arbitrary nature".

Business Jargon/terminology
- reiderstvo - asset grabbing/corporate raiding

• example: Yukos affair 2003-2005, Togliattiazot (Toaz)

- nomenklatura (Russian: номенклату́ра, Russian pronunciation: [nəmʲɪnklɐˈturə]) were a small elite group within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.

• In the USSR the word nomenklatura was used to denote the ruling class of party and state officials. To become a member of the nomenklatura, it was preferable to have "the right" origins (i.e. be from a working class or a peasant family); to have made a career in the Komsomol (Young Communist League) and to have joined the Communist Party. Once a person became a member of the nomenklatura, they usually remained there until their dying day: those who failed in a particular post were typically moved to another (also managerial) position. http://rbth.com/blogs/2014/02/20/ten_more_well-known_russian_words_34381.html

- prosecution to order (zakazannoe delo) 
- “perestroika” (restructuring) 
- “glasnost” (“openness”)

family
- dyadya (uncle) in Russian which is spelled дядя. (d-ya-d-ya).

Food
- A samovar (Russian: самовар, IPA: [səmɐˈvar] ( listen); literally "self-boiler", Persian: Samāvar, Turkish: semaver) is a heated metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water in and around Russia, as well as in other Central, South-Eastern, Eastern Europeancountries, Kashmir and in the Middle-East

animal
- https://www.quora.com/Why-there-are-animal-derived-last-names-like-Zaitsev-Volkov-in-Russia
construction
-  “clay” in Russian, клей, which sounds almost the same except for a tenser vowel, means “glue.” https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-words-that-mean-one-thing-in-one-language-and-something-different-in-another

colour
- blue

• https://www.quora.com/Why-does-the-Russian-language-have-two-names-for-the-color-blue

Culture / ritual
- http://rbth.com/blogs/2013/12/26/the_basics_of_the_best_russian_drinking_toasts_32961.html
Politics- A Bolshevik is a Soviet Communist, a member of the party (the only party which existed in the USSR). The word originated at one of the first congresses of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, when a group headed by Vladimir Lenin got a majority (bolshinstvo) in a vote on one of the key issues. The word stuck and Lenin's supporters became known as Bolsheviks, despite the fact that on many other issues they found themselves in the minority. When the party split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, the popularity that the former enjoyed among the ordinary people was largely due to their successful "branding" since the word bolshe, meaning bigger or more in Russian, was equated in people's minds with being better.


Security terms
- Federal Security Service (FSB),  Russian Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti
- Foreign Intelligence Service (Russian: Слу́жба вне́шней разве́дки, tr. Sluzhba vneshney razvedki; IPA: [ˈsluʐbə ˈvnʲeʂnʲɪj rɐzˈvʲetkʲɪ] or SVR 
- Silovik (Russian: силови́к; IPA: [sʲɪlɐˈvʲik]; plural: siloviki, Russian: силовики́; IPA: [sʲɪləvʲɪˈkʲi]) is a Russian word for politicians from the security or military services, often theofficers of the former KGB, GRU, FSB, SVR the Federal Drug Control or other security services who came into power. 
- Gulag (actually GULag) was an abbreviation for the Main Camp Administration (Glavnoye Upravleniye Lagerei), set up in the 1930s to run prison (and hard labor) camps where convicts and political prisoners were kept. Thanks to Alexander Solzhenitsyn's famous book"The Gulag Archipelago", the word has come to symbolize the entire repressive regime that existed in Russia at the time. People who were convicted (very often on trumped-up charges) were sentenced to lengthy terms (up to 25 years) in camps. Often families were told that a convict had been sentenced to "10 years without the right of correspondence", which in reality meant that the person had been executed.

“гулять” (gulyát’) - “to wander for the purpose of pleasure” or “to go for a walk around a place simply because it’s fun or interesting.”/ 

In Russian, the word [daj] (IPA) means “give (imperative).” In Hebrew, it means “Quit it!” In English, it means, well, “die.”https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-words-that-mean-one-thing-in-one-language-and-something-different-in-anotheridioms/phrases
- https://www.rbth.com/lifestyle/329886-russian-words-expressions-weird-language

symbols
- Месяц - Mesyats (crescent) and we do refer always with that word to it, doesn’t matter how big or small it is, unless it is full moon, it will be called as Mesyats; Месяц - Mesyats as a Month;
But Moon (full moon precisely) always is called in Russian language as “Луна” - Luna.

Russian names
- https://www.rbth.com/arts/326958-6-russian-names-you-can-give-your-children


Hybrid language
- https://www.rbth.com/education/2017/06/20/four-russian-languages-hybrid-languages_786055

dialect
- https://www.quora.com/Why-isn-t-there-a-notable-variation-in-accent-between-the-different-parts-of-Russia link of russian dialect map

relation with other languages
- https://www.quora.com/Is-Russian-mutually-intelligible-with-any-other-Slavic-language
- russian alphabet for hanyu pinyin

• https://www.quora.com/Does-anyone-write-Pinyin-with-the-Cyrillic-script-instead-of-the-Latin-script
• http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/russian/index.html

- loan words

• https://www.quora.com/How-much-of-the-French-language-influenced-Russian

history
- The Cyrillic alphabet owes its name to the 9th century Byzantine missionary St. Cyril, who, along with his brother, Methodius, created the first Slavic alphabet—the Glagolitic—in order to translate Greek religious text to Slavic. It was constructed to make a writing system for the Russian language, but particularly to translate the Bible into Russian.https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Cyrillic-considered-a-constructed-script-while-the-Latin-alphabet-isn%E2%80%99t
- according to ice, writing system developed in 16th century based on cyrillic

script
-  Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms in the early 18th century. Over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the script. Thus, unlike the majority of modern Greek fonts that retained their own set of design principles for lower-case letters (such as the placement of serifs, the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules, although Greek capital letters do use Latin design principles), modern Cyrillic fonts are much the same as modern Latin fonts of the same font family. The development of some Cyrillic computer typefaces from Latin ones has also contributed to the visual Latinization of Cyrillic type.
- bolsheviks advocated the transfer of use of cyrillic to latin but was not implemented because of stalin, but transfer did happen in central and eastern europe e.g. serbia, bosnia
- *********https://www.quora.com/Has-Russia-ever-considered-moving-from-the-Cyrillic-alphabet-to-the-Latin-alphabet In 1920–1930 Soviet authorities seriously considered converting to the Latin alphabet with diacritics.In the end, Stalin’s government ended the project in January 1930, stating that the Cyrillic is there to stay. Latin-based scripts were still being developed for minority languages but after a few years they were converted to the Cyrillic, too. It was fine ideologically. At first, the Communist party thought of themselves as an international organisation; they envisioned world revolution. During Stalin’s reign the vision shifted to building communism in a single country; so now USSR was not the opposite of pre-revolutionary Russia, it was more like Russian Empire 2.0 . Thus retaining the existing alphabet and parts of the old culture made a lot of sense. For any language, the purpose of a script is to serve the needs of the native speakers, first and foremost. If natives can learn to read reasonably fast it is not that important how odd or obsolete the system is. Chinese logograms work fine for Chinese, despite them taking years to learn. The same symbols are so-so for Japanese, so the Japanese added phonetic symbols to the mix; this hybrid system is not particularly easy—but schoolkids do have time, don’t they?

usa
- https://www.quora.com/Is-Russian-still-spoken-in-Alaska

interesting
- https://www.rbth.com/education/328431-why-do-russians-say-sorry


Useful sites
- http://rbth.com/multimedia/infographics/2015/02/13/why_do_you_need_to_learn_russian_43693.html
- http://rbth.com/society/2015/04/03/test_your_russian_test_7_44961.html
- http://rbth.com/multimedia/2015/05/30/the-russian-picture-dictionary-in-the-bathroom_96441
- http://rbth.com/politics_and_society/2016/01/20/5-easy-ways-to-learn-russian_560775
- http://rbth.com/politics_and_society/2016/08/23/moscow-grannies-to-teach-russian-to-foreign-students-via-skype_623439
- https://www.rbth.com/education/2017/08/21/heres-what-you-can-learn-about-bizarre-russian-life-from-textbooks_826154