- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21662552-proposals-consistent-global-rules-company-tax-cause-worries-all-round-patently
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-09/30/content_22018187.htm China will be at the forefront of embracing the emerging international tax rules tocombat base erosion and profit shifting, known as BEPS, as it shifts towardbecoming a "capital-export" country, said senior EY executives. "China is not going to be a laggard. A lot of small developing countries are in a wait-and-watch mode, but China is definitely not," said Jim Hunter, Asia Pacific Leaderof EY. His comments assume significance in the run-up to the October 5 release ofrecommendations by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developmentfor the 15-point "Action Plan" on BEPS. EY has been advising the OECD working groups on the draft recommendations thatare not enforceable by law, but countries that want to follow them can enact theirown laws. The BEPS Action Plan represents an ambitious effort to modernize and aligncorporate tax rules globally with value creation and economic activity at the locallevel. Under the existing tax regimes, multinational companies have been routinelyshifting income from locations of their operations, like developing countries, to low-tax havens. Developing countries have long decried this practice. Activities like manufacturingthat take place in their jurisdictions escape the tax net as most value creation, suchas research and development, happened in developed countries. Multinationals in China carry out R&D and testing, but technology gained fromthese activities is generally not patented in the country. Intellectual propertycompanies are incorporated in low-tax jurisdictions. This has strengthened the case for China's active engagement in crafting BEPSrules from the beginning. But that is not the only reason, according to EY experts,there is a question mark on whether China would collect more tax due to BEPS. "The answer is, in some cases yes, while in others no," said Hunter. Under China'shistorical model that it is 'world factory' more than 'world market', it is yes. But nowthe situation is different from even five years ago. China is rapidly becoming a'capital-export' country."
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/38c6ce56-6ea4-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673.html
unileverThe world’s leading finance ministers agreed on Friday to change the rules on taxing profits, and warned multinational companies they could no longer use their size and international presence to dodge taxes. Under the rules, companies such as Starbucks, Amazon and Google will find it harder to concentrate their profits in low-tax countries and tax havens — a shift that promises to raise up to $250bn a year in extra tax revenues, according to the OECD.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-11/17/content_22468062.htm A package of measures to tackle corporate tax evasion that will have a far-reaching impact oncompanies' taxation strategies was endorsed by G20 leaders on Monday. Multinationals have long exploited loopholes in rules to avoid corporate taxation. The new measures are an internationally coordinated effort to align this form of taxation withvalue creation and economic activity. They are based on the technical term base erosion andprofit shifting, known as BEPS. For example, a legally valid tactic known as "transfer pricing" has been used to shift multinationalcompanies' profits from where firms are based to low-tax havens to avoid paying tax. The resulting revenue losses to national treasuries have risen from $100 billion to $240 billion ayear, according to the most conservative estimate by the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.
- http://www.economist.com/news/international/21693219-having-launched-and-led-battle-against-offshore-tax-evasion-america-now-part
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-11/17/content_22468062.htm A package of measures to tackle corporate tax evasion that will have a far-reaching impact oncompanies' taxation strategies was endorsed by G20 leaders on Monday. Multinationals have long exploited loopholes in rules to avoid corporate taxation. The new measures are an internationally coordinated effort to align this form of taxation withvalue creation and economic activity. They are based on the technical term base erosion andprofit shifting, known as BEPS. For example, a legally valid tactic known as "transfer pricing" has been used to shift multinationalcompanies' profits from where firms are based to low-tax havens to avoid paying tax. The resulting revenue losses to national treasuries have risen from $100 billion to $240 billion ayear, according to the most conservative estimate by the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.
- http://www.economist.com/news/international/21693219-having-launched-and-led-battle-against-offshore-tax-evasion-america-now-part
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21611103-second-time-its-120-year-history-unilever-trying-redefine-what-it-means-be
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2f64f6c4-68fd-11e4-b389-00144feabdc0.html Unilever is suing Hampton Creek, a fast-growing maker of egg-free food products, alleging that the San Francisco start-up's Just Mayo spread is using “false advertising and unfair competition” to take market share from its Hellmann's brand of mayonnaise.
- Vaseline /ˈvæsəˌliːn/is an American brand of petroleum jelly-based products owned by British-Dutch company Unilever. Products include plain petroleum jelly and a selection of skin creams, soaps, lotions, cleansers, and deodorants. In many languages, the word "Vaseline" is used as generic for petroleum jelly; in Portuguese and some Spanish-speaking countries, the Unilever products are called Vasenol.The first known reference to the name Vaseline was by the inventor of petroleum jelly, Robert Chesebrough in his U.S. patent for the process of making petroleum jelly (U.S. Patent 127,568) in 1872. "I, Robert Chesebrough, have invented a new and useful product from petroleum which I have named Vaseline..." The name "vaseline" is said by the manufacturer to be derived from GermanWasser "water" + Greek έλαιον (elaion) "olive oil". In 1859, Chesebrough went to the oil fields in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and learned of a residue called "rod wax" that had to be periodically removed from oil rig pumps. The oil workers had been using the substance to heal cuts and burns. Chesebrough took samples of the rod wax back to Brooklyn, extracted the usable petroleum jelly, and began manufacturing the medicinal product he called Vaseline. Vaseline was made by the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company until the company was purchased by Unilever in 1987.
- china
- Ever since 2011, Lux - a brand under Unilever PLC, the world's second-largest consumer goods maker by capitalization - has been conducting a charity program to plant grassland in the Tibet autonomous region, in an effort to combat land desertification.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-10/12/content_33144694.htm
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2018-05/11/content_36180007.htm Lipton plans to sell tea bags containing black and green tea produced in Zunyi, Guizhou province, nationwide and later worldwide, marking the first time it has used purely Zunyi-produced tea.
********The Descartes Systems Group Inc. (commonly referred to as Descartes) is a Canadian multinational technology company specializing in logistics software, supply chain management software, and cloud-based services for logistics businesses.Descartes is perhaps best known for its abrupt and unexpected turnaround in the mid-2000s after coming close to bankruptcy in the wake of the dot-com bubble collapse. It is also known as one of the earliest logistics technology companies to adopt an on-demand business model and sell its software as a service (SaaS) via the Internet. The company operates the Global Logistics Network, an extensive electronic messaging system used by freight companies, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, customs brokers, government agencies, and other interested parties to exchange logistics and customs information.Headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Descartes is a publicly traded company with shares listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market (NASDAQ: DSGX) and Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: DSG). It has offices in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific region.Descartes was founded in 1981.In 1998, the company made an initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange,[3] where its common shares trade under the stock symbol DSG.[4] Descartes was first listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market in 1999,[3] with common shares trading under the symbol DSGX.[5] Descartes’ share price peaked during the dot-com bubble and then fell precipitously in the subsequent crash.In 2001, Descartes switched its business model from selling full-featured enterprise software licenses to providing on-demand software on a subscription basis, becoming one of the first SaaS providers in the logistics sector.After years of losses, Descartes came close to bankruptcy in 2004,[6][7] prompting it to aggressively restructure. The company cut 35% of its workforce[12] and initiated a sweeping transformation of its corporate culture under CEO Arthur Mesher, who was appointed in 2005.The company returned to profitability in 2005, with one analyst[who?] describing this as "one of the most dramatic turnarounds in Canadian corporate history."
Anheuser-Busch InBev NV (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑnɦɔi̯zər ˈbuʃ ˈɪmbɛf]; abbreviated as AB InBev) is a multinational beverage and brewing company.
- 百威亞太(01876)星期五開始喺香港招股，但母公司百威英博（Anheuser-Busch InBev）首席執行官（CEO）布里托（Carlos Brito）冇出席到尋日嘅香港IPO記招，令絲絲非常失望。其實呢位CEO嘅個人資料一向十分保密，只知道每日會跑30分鐘跑步機，而其餘所有時間都放晒喺家庭同公司咁話。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190705/00202_025.html
- 全球最大的啤酒商百威英博（Anheuser-Busch InBev）上周擱置分拆百威亞太(01876)在香港上市後，公司為求降低負債，現同意作價160億澳元（約881.4億港元），把澳洲地區業務售予日本啤酒龍頭朝日集團（Asahi Group），交易預計明年首季度完成。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20190720/00202_011.html
Sotheby
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160204/PDF/a22_screen.pdf 蘇富比藝術學院院長大衞．萊維（David C. Levy）昨日宣布蘇富比藝術學院與雅昌文化集團達成戰略合作。雅昌文化集團是領先的藝術出版、媒體及資訊文化產業集團，其網站雅昌藝術網已經成為重要的藝術資訊提供商之一。 蘇富比藝術學院將為雅昌的全球讀者及會員設計並提供在線藝術教育課程，同時向其提供蘇富比藝術學院全球的高端藝術教育課程。通過這一戰略合作，蘇富比藝術學院將利用雅昌的傳播實力，發展行業最領先的藝術教育。隨?這項戰略合作的發展及深化，蘇富比藝術學院將與雅昌文化集團通過藝術教育講座、藝術教育項目及其他相關合作項目，為當今日新月異的藝術界帶來高端的教育內容與資訊。 蘇富比藝術學院隸屬於劍橋資訊集團（Cambridge Information Group），是全球知名的藝術及藝術市場研究生學院。蘇富比藝術學院擁有紐約、倫敦、洛杉磯三大校區，並在世界上多個城市提供在線課程、再教育課程以及高級管理人員課程。蘇富比藝術學院目前在全球擁有逾六千名校友，在世界藝術領域的各個機構任職。查詢項目詳情可瀏覽網頁：www.sothebysinstitute.com
Deloitte
- people
- eric wang, sen mgr, asia pacific, int core of excellence (indian budget seminar 11mar16)
Appleby (previously Appleby Spurling Hunter) is an offshore legal service provider. It has offices in the key offshore locations of Bermuda,[1] the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey, Mauritius and Seychelles as well as the financial centres of Hong Kong, and Shanghai. It is referred to in the Paradise Papers, and included in the assemblage of law firms known as the offshore magic circle. Until 2016, Appleby operated in partnership with the corporate services provider Estera until the company Estera split to become independent.
- Appleby was born in 1898 in the British colony of Bermuda as the private practice of Maj. Reginald Woodifield Appleby, a tea-drinking, cricket-playing, rifle-shooting magistrate who became a member of the island’s Parliament and was knighted “for public services in Bermuda.” Such was his status that when a vacationing Major Appleby sailed to England in 1924, The Royal Gazette & Colonist Daily predicted a rise in crime during his absence.When Bermuda’s legislature met in July 1940 to debate the island’s first income tax, Major Appleby spoke out, aligning himself with “those who look on all income tax as man’s last refinement of torture, to be resisted at all costs,” reported The Royal Gazette. Bermuda has never looked back; it continues to entice locals and foreigners with a zero tax rate. Since expanding outside Bermuda in 1979, Appleby has transformed itself into a global institution with more than 700 employees spread across nearly every major tax haven – from the Cayman Islands in the Caribbean, to the Isle of Man in Europe, Mauritius in Africa and Hong Kong in Asia. https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/appleby-offshore-magic-circle-law-firm-record-of-compliance-failures-icij/Dentons is a multinational law firm. In 2015 is was ranked as 6th-largest law firm in the world by revenue and the world's largest law firm by number of lawyers.[3][4] The firm is called Dentons in all languages other than Chinese, in which it is called 大成 (Dacheng).Dentons was founded in March 2013 by the merger of SNR Denton, Fraser Milner Casgrain and Salans. Following its merger with Chinese law firm Dacheng in November 2015, Dentons became the largest law firm in the world by number of lawyers and has the most offices of any law firm in the world, covering every continent.Dentons is structured as a Swiss Verein called Salans FMC SNR Denton Group, which does not itself provide legal services. The verein encapsulates multiple co-operating legal entities, namely Dentons Canada LLP, Dentons Europe LLP, Dentons UK and Middle East LLP, Dentons US LLP, amongst others.
- worldwide expansion
- em12aug19
Rio tinto
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-03/23/content_24029022.htm Global mining giant Rio Tinto Group is looking into opportunities for growth inuranium business, predicting an uptick in the industry driven by China's risingdemand for the nuclear fuel. "Uranium has been a tough business since the Fukushima nuclear disaster inJapan, but the uranium market will recover with new nuclear power plants comingon in China and other countries in the world," said Sam Walsh, chief executive ofthe company. Rio Tinto has uranium- related operations in Australia and Namibia and potentialprojects in Canada after it completed the acquisition of Hathor Exploration Ltd, auranium exploration company with assets in the Athabasca Basin region ofSaskatchewan, in 2012. "Currently, Canada's Hathor project is in drilling process, and it is very early in termsof development, but I think nuclear power is an important part of environmentalsolution for the world and it has a positive prospect in the future," said Walsh. Uranium prices declined from more than $130 per pound to about $40 last year inthe wake of the Fukushima crisis and temporary shutting of nuclear power plantsacross the globe.
- https://www.ft.com/content/c8f3b678-b269-11e7-aa26-bb002965bce8 Rio Tinto, the Anglo-Australian mining group, is in advanced talks to sell its aluminium assets in Australia and New Zealand to GFG Alliance, the investment company run by steel tycoon Sanjeev Gupta. Mr Gupta is flying to Australia this week to continue discussions with Rio and look over a large power station in Gladstone, which is included in the sale, according to people familiar with the matter. While the talks could end without agreement, Mr Gupta is keen to buy Rio’s Pacific Aluminium business as he looks to build a global industrial conglomerate spanning metals, power, renewable energy and finance. But he could face competition from Century Aluminum, a business 47 per cent owned by Swiss commodities group Glencore, which has also been casting an eye over PacAl, as the business is known.
- usa
- mongolia
- usa
- ft 23oct19 rio tinto large lithium discovery in california
- mongolia
- Rio Tinto has warned of further delays and a cost blowout of up to $1.9bn at its giant underground copper project in Mongolia's Gobi desert. The Anglo-Australian miner said difficult ground conditions meant that it would have to rethink the design and development schedule ft 17jul19
- Rio Tinto faces renegotiating the terms of an agreement underpinning its Mongolian copper mine project, after lawmakers on Thursday approved plans to revise the deal to make it more beneficial for Mongolia.The Oyu Tolgoi mine, Mongolia’s biggest foreign investment project, has already been subject to delays and ballooning costs, leaving Mongolian lawmakers impatient for income, while Rio Tinto says it has invested billions.Rio Tinto-owned Turquoise Hill Resources has a 66% stake in the multi-billion-dollar project and the Mongolian state owns 34%, with investment terms agreed in 2015 in a deal known as the Dubai Agreement.Rio Tinto said in an email that it understood that the Mongolian parliament’s vote on Thursday to revise the deal needed to be finalised and it would provide a further update once that happened.Thursday’s vote was the culmination of a two-year process after a working group was set up to establish the benefits of the Dubai Agreement and submitted its report to parliament.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mining-riotinto-mongolia/rio-tinto-faces-having-to-renegotiate-terms-of-mongolian-copper-project-idUSKBN1XV278
- https://www.ft.com/content/194fc81e-1064-11ea-a7e6-62bf4f9e548a
The expansion of Rio Tinto’s Gobi Desert copper mine will “not be stopped” but the Mongolian government will seek to “improve” the terms of the investment agreement behind the delayed project. Dolgorsuren Sumiyabazar, the country’s minister of mining and heavy industry, told a conference in London on Tuesday that there were no plans to scrap the scheme at the Oyu Tolgoi mine. However, Ulan Bator would seek to improve the terms of the 2015 deal that allowed Rio to push ahead with the underground mine. Once complete this will make Oyu Tolgoi one of the world’s biggest copper facilities, producing more than 500,000 tonnes of the metal a year.
- china
- coal
Glencore plc (an acronym for Global Energy Commodity Resources) is an Anglo–Swiss multinational commodity trading and mining company with headquarters in Baar, Switzerland, and a registered office in Saint Helier, Jersey. The current company was created through a merger of Glencore with Xstrata on 2 May 2013. As of 2015, it ranked tenth in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies.[4] It is the world's third-largest family business. As Glencore International, the company was already one of the world's leading integrated producers and marketers of commodities. It was the largest company in Switzerland and the world's largest commodities trading company, with a 2010 global market share of 60% in internationally tradable zinc, 50% in internationally tradable copper, 9 percent in the internationally tradable grain market and 3 percent in the internationally tradable oil market. Glencore had a number of production facilities all around the world and supplied metals, minerals, crude oil, oil products, coal, natural gas and agricultural products to international customers in the automotive, power generation, steel production and food processing industries.[7] The company was formed in 1994 by a management buyout of Marc Rich + Co AG (itself founded in 1974).[7] It was listed on the London Stock Exchange in May 2011 and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[11] Glencore's shares started trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in November 2013.[12] The Qatar Investment Authority is its biggest shareholder.
Carnival Corporation was founded as Carnival Cruise Line in 1972. The company grew steadily throughout the 1970s and 1980s, making an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange in 1987. The capital generated was used to finance acquisitions, and between 1989 and 1999, the company acquired Holland America Line, Windstar Cruises, Westours, Seabourn Cruise Line, Costa Cruises and Cunard Line. The name Carnival Corporation was adopted in 1993, to distinguish the parent company from its flagship cruise line subsidiary. A dual listed company, Carnival is composed of two companies, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, which function as one entity. Carnival Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Carnival plc on the London Stock Exchange. Corporation's global headquarters is located in Miami, Florida, the United States, with UK headquarters being at Southampton, Hampshire, and with regional offices in Australia, Germany and Italy.
- Carnival Australia is part of the world’s largest leisure company, Carnival Corporation & plc, and represents seven leading cruise brands in the Australian and New Zealand market, including Carnival Cruise Line, Cunard Line, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises Australia, P&O Cruises World Cruising, Princess Cruises and Seabourn. Carnival Australia is overseen by the Carnival plc UK Management Committee.
Holland America Line was founded in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and from 1873 to 1989, it operated as a Dutch shipping line, a passenger line, a cargo line and a cruise line operating primarily between the Netherlands and North America. As part of the company's legacy, it was directly involved in the transport of many hundreds of thousands of emigrants from the Netherlands to North America.
TE Connectivity is a technology company that designs and manufactures connectivity and sensor products for harsh environments in a variety of industries, such as automotive, industrial equipment, data communication systems, aerospace, defense, medical, oil and gas, consumer electronics, energy and subsea communications. In 1941, Aircraft Marine Products (AMP) was founded with solderless electrical connections for quick and removable wire connection used for aircraft and ships. After the war time boom the company had to adapt to post war economy and in 1956 the name was changed to AMP Incorporated when it incorporated.[3][4] In 1999, Tyco International acquired American electronics connector manufacturer AMP Incorporated. In July 2007, Tyco separated into three publicly independent companies, Covidien Ltd (formerly Tyco Healthcare), Tyco Electronics Ltd, and Tyco International Ltd (formerly Tyco Fire & Security and Tyco Engineered Products & Services (TFS/TEPS)). On March 10, 2011, Tyco Electronics Ltd changed its name to TE Connectivity Corporation, which the company said felt more relevant to its position as a connectivity and sensor component manufacturer. On August 28, 2015, TE Connectivity announced that it has completed the sale of its broadband-networks business to CommScope Holding Co. for about US$3 billion.
International Consolidated Airlines Group, S.A., often shortened to IAG, is an Anglo-Spanish multinational airline holding company with its registered office in Madrid, Spain and its operational headquarters in London, England. It was formed in January 2011 after a merger agreement between British Airways and Iberia, the flag carrier airlines of the United Kingdom and Spain respectively. As British Airways was the larger company, those holding shares in British Airways at the time of the merger were given 55% of the shares in the new, merged company. British Airways and Iberia ceased to be independent companies and instead became 100% owned subsidiaries of IAG.British Airways and Iberia signed a preliminary merger agreement in November 2009.[8][9][10] In April 2010, British Airways and Iberia signed a full merger agreement, with an intended completion date of late 2010, subject to securing the necessary regulatory approvals.[11][12] The merger between British Airways and Iberia was completed on 21 January 2011, and shares in the new holding company IAG and began trading in London and Madrid on 24 January.
International SOS is the world’s largest medical and travel security services firm, which count nearly two-thirds of the Fortune Global 500 companies as clients.[1] International SOS specialises in medical assistance, travel security advice and information, emergency services, healthcare, evacuation and repatriation services. The company was founded in 1985 to provide medical, travel security advice and assistance to organisations with people living and travelling abroad. International SOS operates from over 1,000 locations in 90 countries and take around 5 million assistance calls every year.
- appledaily 2may17
- china
Anglo American plc is a multinational mining company based in Johannesburg, South Africa and London, United Kingdom. It is the world's largest producer of platinum, with around 40% of world output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore and metallurgical and thermal coal.[4] The company has operations in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America.Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, a German Jewish émigré, founded the Anglo American Corporation in 1917 in Johannesburg, South Africa, with financial backing from the American bank J.P. Morgan & Co. and £1 million raised from UK and US sources to start the gold mining company. This fact is reflected in the name of the company.[6] The AAC became the majority stakeholder in the De Beers company in 1926, a company formerly controlled by Alfred Beit, also a Jewish-German émigré. During 1945, the AAC moved into the coal industry by acquiring Coal Estates. Twelve years later, Sir Ernest died in Johannesburg and was succeeded as head of the AAC by his son, Harry Oppenheimer, who also became chairman of De Beers. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the AAC focused on the development of the Free State goldfields (seven major mines simultaneously) and the Vaal Reefs mine. The success of the mines enabled the company to become the world’s largest gold-mining group.In 1961, the AAC expanded outside of southern Africa for the first time and became a major investor in the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company in Canada. In 1967, the company moved into the steel industry by acquiring Scaw Metals. From 1967 to 1975, it continued to grow and established a number of ventures, including the Mondi Group (timber, pulp and paper), Amgold (later AngloGold Ashanti) and then Amcoal (through the consolidation of several of its mining operations in South Africa and later known as Anglo Coal and in 2010 changed to Anglo Thermal). In 1982, Harry Oppenheimer retired as chairman of the AAC and was succeeded by Gavin Relly. Two years later, Oppenheimer retired from De Beers and passed the chairmanship to Julian Ogilvie Thompson,[9] who in 1990 also became chairman and chief executive of the AAC.
- Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd (Baosteel), a subsidiary of China Baowu Steel Group, completed a 100 million yuan (US$14.1 million) iron ore settlement deal via blockchain technology with mining giant Rio Tinto Plc, after inking yuan purchase deals with Brazil's Vale in January and Australia's BHP Group in April. In January, Baosteel purchased about 330 million yuan worth of iron ore from Brazilian iron ore miner Vale in Chinese currency. Another deal worth nearly 100 million yuan was reached between Baosteel and Australian miner BHP Group in April. BHP said in a statement that it is expecting to complete its first blockchain iron ore transaction with Baosteel soon.https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/130363#Baosteel-Rio-Tinto-ink-yuan-based-iron-ore-deal
BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian multinational mining, metals and petroleum company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. It is the world's largest mining company measured by 2015 market values and Australia's fourth largest company (by revenue), formerly the largest. BHP Billiton was created in 2001 through the merger of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP) and the Anglo–Dutch Billiton plc.[4] The result is a dual-listed company. The Australia-registered BHP Billiton Limited, which has equal financial share in the company, has a primary listing on the Australian Securities Exchange and is one of the largest companies in Australia measured by market capitalisation.
- https://www.ft.com/content/5a767dc2-2a90-11e7-bc4b-5528796fe35c The head of BHP Billiton’s business in the Americas said a dispute with a trade union over pay and benefits at the world’s biggest copper mine was painful but necessary to safeguard the site’s future.- coal
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-11/biggest-miner-bhp-said-to-move-closer-to-thermal-coal-exit BHP Group is moving ahead with plans to exit thermal coal, according to people familiar with the matter, the latest move by the world’s biggest miners to retreat from the dirtiest fuel. BHP is looking at options to divest the business that includes assets in Australia and Colombia, said the people, who asked not to be identified as the development has not been made public. There’s no guarantee the company will go ahead with a sale, the people said.
- https://www.ft.com/content/0c33d326-0085-11ea-be59-e49b2a136b8d South32, the group spun out of BHP, has reached an agreement to sell its South African thermal coal business to Seriti Resources, becoming the latest miner to ditch the unloved fossil fuel. Under the deal, South32 will receive an upfront payment of $6.75m and 49 per cent of the cash generated by the business, which is called South Africa Energy Coal (SAEC), until 2024. “The minimal upfront price is as expected, and we do not expect South32 to receive much in the way of future payments,” said Edward Sterck, analyst at BMO Capital Markets. “Nonetheless, exiting difficult operations in a challenging sociopolitical environment will probably be seen as a small positive.” Miners are facing increasing pressure from investors to take firmer action on climate change and exit thermal coal, a dirty and polluting fossil fuel. Norway’s $1tn sovereign wealth fund has said that it won’t invest in and will sell its shares in large coal producers and consumers. Rio Tinto became the first major miner to exit coal completely, selling off its final asset last year, while BHP is exploring sale options for its energy coal assets in Australia and Colombia. Anglo American sold off some of its thermal coal mines in South Africa to Seriti and is working on a “pathway” to retire or dispose of its remaining assets. However, even if thermal coal assets are divested, they typically end up in the hands of another company which continues to produce the carbon emitting fuel.
- iron
- BHP is backing a restart of operations at the troubled Samarco Mineração iron ore joint venture (JV) with Vale in Brazil through a significant investment. The mining giant has approved $44 million ($63.9 million) for its share of funding for the restart, which is scheduled to take place by the end of 2020.BHP’s funding will enable the construction of a filtration plant over the next 12 months, and the commencement of operation readiness activities for restart.The new filtration technologies will increase safety, “a key principle that guides our work for Samarco’s recovery and operations,” according to Samarco chief executive Rodrigo Vilela.https://www.australianmining.com.au/news/bhp-approves-us44-million-funding-for-samarco-restart/
- 在日前舉行的中國國際進口博覽會，於甘肅團進博會簽約儀式上，金川集團股份有限公司與必和必拓集團公司簽約。金川擬與BHP公司簽訂為期1年，每月1,000-1,500噸電銅長單採購合同。同時，雙方將對2019年-2021年3年的銅精礦合同數量進行進一步簽約確認。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/11/12/b07-1112.pdf
Glencore plc (an acronym for Global Energy Commodity Resources) is an Anglo–Swiss multinational commodity trading and mining company with headquarters in Baar, Switzerland, and a registered office in Saint Helier, Jersey. The current company was created through a merger of Glencore with Xstrata on 2 May 2013. As of 2015, it ranked tenth in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies.[4] It is the world's third-largest family business. As Glencore International, the company was already one of the world's leading integrated producers and marketers of commodities. It was the largest company in Switzerland and the world's largest commodities trading company, with a 2010 global market share of 60% in internationally tradable zinc, 50% in internationally tradable copper, 9 percent in the internationally tradable grain market and 3 percent in the internationally tradable oil market. Glencore had a number of production facilities all around the world and supplied metals, minerals, crude oil, oil products, coal, natural gas and agricultural products to international customers in the automotive, power generation, steel production and food processing industries.[7] The company was formed in 1994 by a management buyout of Marc Rich + Co AG (itself founded in 1974).[7] It was listed on the London Stock Exchange in May 2011 and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[11] Glencore's shares started trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in November 2013.[12] The Qatar Investment Authority is its biggest shareholder.
- https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/room-of-secrets-reveals-mysteries-of-glencore/ Glencore was one of the top clients of offshore law firm, Appleby. The miner diverted millions of dollars through tax havens and fought off lawsuits and tax bills. Board discussions reveal confidential negotiations over a controversial Congo mine.
Carnival Corporation was founded as Carnival Cruise Line in 1972. The company grew steadily throughout the 1970s and 1980s, making an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange in 1987. The capital generated was used to finance acquisitions, and between 1989 and 1999, the company acquired Holland America Line, Windstar Cruises, Westours, Seabourn Cruise Line, Costa Cruises and Cunard Line. The name Carnival Corporation was adopted in 1993, to distinguish the parent company from its flagship cruise line subsidiary. A dual listed company, Carnival is composed of two companies, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc, which function as one entity. Carnival Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Carnival plc on the London Stock Exchange. Corporation's global headquarters is located in Miami, Florida, the United States, with UK headquarters being at Southampton, Hampshire, and with regional offices in Australia, Germany and Italy.
- Star Cruises is the eighteenth largest[1] cruise line in the world after Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean Cruises and 15 others. Star Cruises dominates the Asia-Pacific market and is owned by Genting Hong Kong. The company is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Singapore Exchange. Star Cruises is credited with almost single-handedly developing the cruise industry in the Asia-Pacific region. Its foray into the global shipping market has allowed it to tap into lucrative and more mature markets in North America and Europe. Its services cater to Asian passengers as well as to North Americans, Europeans and Australians interested in Asian destinations. The chairman of Star Cruises is Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay, the son of the late Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong, the founder of Malaysia's Genting Highlands.
- 黑幫「和勝和」前坐館「上海仔」郭永鴻，被一間海外註冊公司入稟高等法院，追討逾五千萬元欠債和利息。入稟狀指，根據被告郭永鴻與雲頂香港有限公司（前稱麗星郵輪有限公司）旗下的Star Cruise Services Limited（SCSL），一五年十月十九日達成的一項支票透支協議，被告拖欠SCSL一筆約四千六百六十七萬多港元的欠債和約三百六十二萬多港元利息。SCSL透過一份於一六年十一月三十日訂立的轉讓協議，已把上述債權轉讓給在英屬維爾京群島註冊的原告，New Reward Holdings Limited。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20180317/00176_020.html
- Carnival Australia is part of the world’s largest leisure company, Carnival Corporation & plc, and represents seven leading cruise brands in the Australian and New Zealand market, including Carnival Cruise Line, Cunard Line, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises Australia, P&O Cruises World Cruising, Princess Cruises and Seabourn. Carnival Australia is overseen by the Carnival plc UK Management Committee.
- 今次巴布亞新幾內亞主辦APEC領導人會議，是該國自1975年獨立以來最盛大的事件，雖有中國鼎力相助，但仍無法提供足夠的酒店接待來賓，只好向澳洲求助，由澳洲嘉年華（Carnival Australia）提供三艘郵輪作臨時酒店。本次會議預計有7,000人參加。
Holland America Line was founded in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and from 1873 to 1989, it operated as a Dutch shipping line, a passenger line, a cargo line and a cruise line operating primarily between the Netherlands and North America. As part of the company's legacy, it was directly involved in the transport of many hundreds of thousands of emigrants from the Netherlands to North America.
- 由香港出發、載有約2,200人的「威士特丹號」（MS Westerdam）郵輪，被多國政府拒絕泊岸，在海上「漂流」近10天。船公司荷美郵輪（Holland America Line）昨日宣佈，已取得柬埔寨批准，可在該國的最大港口西哈努克城（Sihanoukville）停靠。未來數日中，船公司會安排專機接載旅客到柬埔寨首都金邊（Phnom Penh），讓乘客各自回家。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/02/13/a06-0213.pdf
TE Connectivity is a technology company that designs and manufactures connectivity and sensor products for harsh environments in a variety of industries, such as automotive, industrial equipment, data communication systems, aerospace, defense, medical, oil and gas, consumer electronics, energy and subsea communications. In 1941, Aircraft Marine Products (AMP) was founded with solderless electrical connections for quick and removable wire connection used for aircraft and ships. After the war time boom the company had to adapt to post war economy and in 1956 the name was changed to AMP Incorporated when it incorporated.[3][4] In 1999, Tyco International acquired American electronics connector manufacturer AMP Incorporated. In July 2007, Tyco separated into three publicly independent companies, Covidien Ltd (formerly Tyco Healthcare), Tyco Electronics Ltd, and Tyco International Ltd (formerly Tyco Fire & Security and Tyco Engineered Products & Services (TFS/TEPS)). On March 10, 2011, Tyco Electronics Ltd changed its name to TE Connectivity Corporation, which the company said felt more relevant to its position as a connectivity and sensor component manufacturer. On August 28, 2015, TE Connectivity announced that it has completed the sale of its broadband-networks business to CommScope Holding Co. for about US$3 billion.
International Consolidated Airlines Group, S.A., often shortened to IAG, is an Anglo-Spanish multinational airline holding company with its registered office in Madrid, Spain and its operational headquarters in London, England. It was formed in January 2011 after a merger agreement between British Airways and Iberia, the flag carrier airlines of the United Kingdom and Spain respectively. As British Airways was the larger company, those holding shares in British Airways at the time of the merger were given 55% of the shares in the new, merged company. British Airways and Iberia ceased to be independent companies and instead became 100% owned subsidiaries of IAG.British Airways and Iberia signed a preliminary merger agreement in November 2009.[8][9][10] In April 2010, British Airways and Iberia signed a full merger agreement, with an intended completion date of late 2010, subject to securing the necessary regulatory approvals.[11][12] The merger between British Airways and Iberia was completed on 21 January 2011, and shares in the new holding company IAG and began trading in London and Madrid on 24 January.
International SOS is the world’s largest medical and travel security services firm, which count nearly two-thirds of the Fortune Global 500 companies as clients.[1] International SOS specialises in medical assistance, travel security advice and information, emergency services, healthcare, evacuation and repatriation services. The company was founded in 1985 to provide medical, travel security advice and assistance to organisations with people living and travelling abroad. International SOS operates from over 1,000 locations in 90 countries and take around 5 million assistance calls every year.
- appledaily 2may17
AIA Group Limited,[2] known as AIA, is the largest public listed pan-Asian life insurance group. It offers insurance and financial services, writing life insurance for individuals and businesses, as well as accident and health insurance, and offers retirement planning, and wealth management services. AIA is based in Hong Kong, with a presence in 18 markets in Asia-Pacific, with wholly owned branches and subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, New Zealand, Macau, Brunei, Cambodia, a 97% subsidiary in Sri Lanka, a 49% joint venture in India and a representative office in Myanmar. Since 2013, AIA has had an exclusive bancassurance agreement with Citibank that encompasses 11 AIA markets in the Asia-Pacific region. In August 2013, AIA became the official shirt partner of Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur. AIA's contract with Tottenham was renewed in May 2017 and will extend through the 2021–2022 Premier League season.
- people
- 獨立非執行主席謝仕榮edmund tse singtao 25feb19 b8
- mentioned in ft 10aug19 article on mark tucker - seems to be a friend of his
- appledaily 28nov19
- 黃偉慶 and daughter 黃靄兒appledaily 28nov19
- china
- Tracing its roots back to 1919 in Shanghai, when entrepreneur Cornelius Vander Starr began an insurance business, AIA applied for a life insurance license in China in 1990. For almost a year after the application, AIA did not receive any regulatory response, but things changed after former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping delivered a series of speeches during visits to several southern cities at the beginning of 1992. The speeches played a key role in guiding China's reform and opening-up. As a result, the company obtained a license on Sept 25, 1992 and started operations in Shanghai, following many rounds of negotiation. "AIA has benefited from the opening of China's financial sector regarding our return to the Chinese mainland. Ever since then, our development has benefited directly from the continuous opening of China's business environment. In recent years, we have clearly felt that the government is accelerating steps toward further opening-up," said Fisher Zhang, CEO of AIA China. The insurer's new sales and service centers in Tianjin municipality and Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, commenced operations at the end of July, under regulatory policies promoting synergistic development of the insurance sector in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201909/27/WS5d8d7baca310cf3e3556dd6d.html
Econet Wireless is a diversified telecommunications group with operations and investments in Africa, Europe, South America and the East Asia Pacific Rim, offering products and services in the core areas of mobile and fixed telephony services, broadband, satellite, optical fiber networks and mobile payment. The group's subsidiaries include Econet Global, Econet Wireless Africa, Econet Wireless International, Econet Enterprises, Liquid Telecom Group and Econet Media.Econet Wireless was created in 1993 in Zimbabwe by Strive Masiyiwa. Initially it was meant to be called "Enhanced Communications Network" but was later abbreviated to Econet.Econet Wireless is a privately owned group and is not listed on any stock exchange. One of its subsidiaries, Econet Wireless Zimbabwe, is listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) and its activities are confined only to the Zimbabwe market. The group is controlled by its founder, Strive Masiyiwa, and is headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. The holding company of the Econet Group is registered in Mauritius.
- https://www.ft.com/content/edbb2862-fd16-11e8-ac00-57a2a826423e The CDC is investing $180m in Liquid Telecom, Africa’s largest independent fibre optic and cloud computing provider, in one of the biggest equity investments in the 70-year history of the UK government’s overseas development arm.
Anglo American plc is a multinational mining company based in Johannesburg, South Africa and London, United Kingdom. It is the world's largest producer of platinum, with around 40% of world output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore and metallurgical and thermal coal.[4] The company has operations in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America.Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, a German Jewish émigré, founded the Anglo American Corporation in 1917 in Johannesburg, South Africa, with financial backing from the American bank J.P. Morgan & Co. and £1 million raised from UK and US sources to start the gold mining company. This fact is reflected in the name of the company.[6] The AAC became the majority stakeholder in the De Beers company in 1926, a company formerly controlled by Alfred Beit, also a Jewish-German émigré. During 1945, the AAC moved into the coal industry by acquiring Coal Estates. Twelve years later, Sir Ernest died in Johannesburg and was succeeded as head of the AAC by his son, Harry Oppenheimer, who also became chairman of De Beers. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the AAC focused on the development of the Free State goldfields (seven major mines simultaneously) and the Vaal Reefs mine. The success of the mines enabled the company to become the world’s largest gold-mining group.In 1961, the AAC expanded outside of southern Africa for the first time and became a major investor in the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company in Canada. In 1967, the company moved into the steel industry by acquiring Scaw Metals. From 1967 to 1975, it continued to grow and established a number of ventures, including the Mondi Group (timber, pulp and paper), Amgold (later AngloGold Ashanti) and then Amcoal (through the consolidation of several of its mining operations in South Africa and later known as Anglo Coal and in 2010 changed to Anglo Thermal). In 1982, Harry Oppenheimer retired as chairman of the AAC and was succeeded by Gavin Relly. Two years later, Oppenheimer retired from De Beers and passed the chairmanship to Julian Ogilvie Thompson,[9] who in 1990 also became chairman and chief executive of the AAC.
-people
- Sir Ernest Oppenheimer (22 May 1880 – 25 November 1957) was a diamond and goldmining entrepreneur, financier and philanthropist,[1][2][3] who controlled De Beers and founded the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa.He was born in Friedberg, Hesse, Germany, the son of Edward Oppenheimer, a cigarmerchant.
- [mcintyre] He obtained options on many of the german mining comoanues for south africa's huge anglo-american corporation, joining ten of them into consolidated diamond mines (cdm) of south west africa. These were later extended to the year 2010, allowing namdeb to control the country's diamond production for 20 years following independence. Although these rights have now theoretically lapsed , the government is a 50% shareholder in the business, and little has changed
- ft 17may19
- https://www.mining.com/jewellery-giant-chow-tai-fook-joins-de-beers-diamonds-tracking-pilot/Hong Kong-based jewellery giant Chow Tai Fook is the latest industry heavyweight to join De Beers’ pilot of its end-to-end diamond blockchain program called Tracr, which aims at clearing the supply chain of imposters and conflict stones. Chow Tai Fook’s participation will further extend the platform’s reach into the Asian diamond sector, particularly in Greater China, the world’s No. 1 diamond producer by value, De Beers said.
Vizor is an Irish software company that creates regulatory software for central banks, tax authorities, pension and insurance regulators, and other regulatory authorities.Vizor was founded in 2000[1] by Ross Kelly and Conor Crowley in Sandyford, Dublin.Vizor develops regulatory software that is used by national regulatory bodies and facilitates cross-border information exchange for tax authorities.[4][5]Vizor's work includes developing the regulatory software used by central banks including the Bank of Canada,[2] the Bank of England,[5] the Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam, and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority.[6] They have also developed regulatory software for the administration of national pension schemes,[7] and in 2018 devised the software for the tax authority of The Bahamas.[8] In 2019 Vizor began developing regulatory software for the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, which will be introduced for use in 2020.
Accenture plc, stylised as accenture, is an Irish-domiciled multinational professional services company. Accenture began as the business and technology consulting division of accounting firm Arthur Andersen. On 1 January 2001, Andersen Consulting adopted its current name, "Accenture". The word "Accenture" is derived from "Accent on the future". The name "Accenture" was submitted by Kim Petersen, a Danish employee from the company's Oslo, Norway office, as a result of an internal competition. Andersen felt that the name should represent its will to be a global consulting leader and high performer, and also intended that the name should not be offensive in any country in which Accenture operates.On 19 July 2001, Accenture's initial public offering (IPO) was priced at $14.50 per share, and the shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE); Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley served as its lead underwriters.
Accenture plc, stylised as accenture, is an Irish-domiciled multinational professional services company. Accenture began as the business and technology consulting division of accounting firm Arthur Andersen. On 1 January 2001, Andersen Consulting adopted its current name, "Accenture". The word "Accenture" is derived from "Accent on the future". The name "Accenture" was submitted by Kim Petersen, a Danish employee from the company's Oslo, Norway office, as a result of an internal competition. Andersen felt that the name should represent its will to be a global consulting leader and high performer, and also intended that the name should not be offensive in any country in which Accenture operates.On 19 July 2001, Accenture's initial public offering (IPO) was priced at $14.50 per share, and the shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE); Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley served as its lead underwriters.
- economist 14mar2020 "the rise and rise of accenture" how a consultancy has ballooned into a white collar leviathan
Rönesans Holding operates in Turkey, Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe, Middle East and North Africa. It was founded in 1993 by Erman Ilıcak in St. Petersburg, Russia and has headquarters in Ankara. Its main activities are construction, real estate investment and energy generation.Rönesans Holding builds shopping malls, offices, hotels, residences, composite structures, heavy industry plants, infrastructure plants, light production plants, factories, government buildings and energy plants as main contractor and investor. In some projects, it takes on the management of its building. According to ENR data, Rönesans Holding owns the World's 53rd biggest construction company, Renaissance Construction.The company was founded in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1993.
Hogan Lovells is an international law firm co-headquartered in London and Washington, D.C.. It was formed on May 1, 2010 by the merger of Washington-based Hogan & Hartson and London-based Lovells.[4] Hogan Lovells has around 2,800 lawyers working in more than 40 offices in the United States, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia.Hogan Lovells claims specialization in "government regulatory, litigation, commercial litigation and arbitration, corporate, finance, and intellectual property".Hogan & Hartson was founded by Frank J. Hogan in 1904. In 1925, Hogan was joined by Nelson T. Hartson, a former Internal Revenue Service attorney, and John William Buttson Guider. Hogan & Hartson then went into partnership in 1938 with Buttson as a silent partner. In 1970, Hogan & Hartson became the first major firm to establish a separate practice group devoted exclusively to providing pro bono legal services. The Community Services Department (CSD) dealt with civil rights, environmental, homeless and other public interest groups. In 1990, Hogan & Hartson opened an office in London, their first outside the U.S.
- In October 2016, Hogan Lovells was dragged into the Jonas Makwaka investigation as part of the Zuma corruption scandal.[30][circular reference] The firm's role was "to conduct an independent investigation into allegations against Mr Jonas Makwakwa and Ms Kelly Ann Elskie".[31] Although the report concluded that "disciplinary action should be taken", the document was widely seen as effectively a whitewash.[32] Other international firms implicated in Zuma related scandals have included KPMG and McKinsey.
- https://www.law.com/legal-week/2019/08/15/hogan-lovells-helps-hong-kongs-airport-secure-injunction-to-stop-protests/ Hogan Lovells has helped Hong Kong’s airport secure an interim injunction to stop protests that led to hundreds of flights being canceled over two days and a violent clash with the police.
sandler, travis & rosenberg
- 彭郁竹，冯瀚贤 are speakers of tdc seminar on us china trade dispute on 16aug19
京都念慈菴（King To Nin Jiom），始于清朝，是一家以生產枇杷膏為主的老牌中藥製造商，公司總部分設於香港和臺灣，根据药品单张的文言文记载[，京都念慈菴的歷史可追溯到清朝康熙年間，當時有一順天府人楊謹，字慎之，幼年喪父，母陳氏出身名門，勤於家政，教子有方，楊謹品學兼優，連科報捷，出任縣宰（相當於今日的縣長）。楊謹事母至孝，鄉里號稱為楊孝廉，而母親陳氏年邁多病，久為咳多痰的沉痾所苦，遍求名醫皆長治不癒。楊謹時聞名醫葉天士的事蹟後，不畏跋山涉水，千里躬求，親自拜訪並延回府中看診。葉天士斷太夫人為積勞成傷，又復誤於診治，不是平常湯藥所能奏效。葉於是授以秘方，叮囑須依此法煉製成膏，早晚服食，持之有理，楊太夫人自服此藥後病狀轉佳，後常以此膏和水代替茶湯服用，終於根治楊太夫人久咳痰多之宿疾。後楊母高齡過世，享年八十四歲，彌留時，囑孝廉曰：「余昔病時，痛苦莫名，但求速死，不意獲食此膏，痼疾解除，復我人生樂趣，得享天年，天士之功實同再造，汝宜多製此膏施贈，俾世之同病者，得渡苦海，則恩同報我矣。」囑咐楊謹要廣製此藥，造福世人。於是楊謹以「念慈菴」之名製膏佈施，凡患久咳癆疾、內傷吐血、氣弱痰壅等症者，見症施藥，屢試屢應，於是名傳遐邇，踵門求藥者不可數計。菴名「念慈」，用以示紀念慈親之意，並命名此膏為「川貝枇杷膏」，「念慈菴川貝枇杷膏」的名聲也逐漸名揚四方。[3]及後楊孝廉去世，但求藥者日多，其後人遂設肆於北京，冠之「京都」二字而成為「京都念慈菴川貝枇杷膏」[4]，並隨藥附送原方，以符先人濟世之旨。此膏一傳近兩百年，民國時，楊家後人楊仲籬、楊萬如兄弟為避日軍侵華，舉家南遷廣州後又轉往香港，並打算移民巴西。二人為免枇杷膏就此絕世，有違祖訓，所以將「念慈菴」鋪號與藥方託付給中正藥房老闆謝兆邦（蘋果西打第二任董事長）。謝秉持楊氏心意，1946年在香港設立「京都念慈菴總廠有限公司」，繼續以正統正方正藥惠之世人，1961年到台灣設廠，陸續銷行枇杷膏到亞、歐、美、澳等數十國，延續至今。
spain
- [lopez-duarte and vidal-suarez quoted by 潘春陽] spainish mnc often took the form of joint venture rather than wholly owned to avoid political risk of host country
sandler, travis & rosenberg
- 彭郁竹，冯瀚贤 are speakers of tdc seminar on us china trade dispute on 16aug19
京都念慈菴（King To Nin Jiom），始于清朝，是一家以生產枇杷膏為主的老牌中藥製造商，公司總部分設於香港和臺灣，根据药品单张的文言文记载[，京都念慈菴的歷史可追溯到清朝康熙年間，當時有一順天府人楊謹，字慎之，幼年喪父，母陳氏出身名門，勤於家政，教子有方，楊謹品學兼優，連科報捷，出任縣宰（相當於今日的縣長）。楊謹事母至孝，鄉里號稱為楊孝廉，而母親陳氏年邁多病，久為咳多痰的沉痾所苦，遍求名醫皆長治不癒。楊謹時聞名醫葉天士的事蹟後，不畏跋山涉水，千里躬求，親自拜訪並延回府中看診。葉天士斷太夫人為積勞成傷，又復誤於診治，不是平常湯藥所能奏效。葉於是授以秘方，叮囑須依此法煉製成膏，早晚服食，持之有理，楊太夫人自服此藥後病狀轉佳，後常以此膏和水代替茶湯服用，終於根治楊太夫人久咳痰多之宿疾。後楊母高齡過世，享年八十四歲，彌留時，囑孝廉曰：「余昔病時，痛苦莫名，但求速死，不意獲食此膏，痼疾解除，復我人生樂趣，得享天年，天士之功實同再造，汝宜多製此膏施贈，俾世之同病者，得渡苦海，則恩同報我矣。」囑咐楊謹要廣製此藥，造福世人。於是楊謹以「念慈菴」之名製膏佈施，凡患久咳癆疾、內傷吐血、氣弱痰壅等症者，見症施藥，屢試屢應，於是名傳遐邇，踵門求藥者不可數計。菴名「念慈」，用以示紀念慈親之意，並命名此膏為「川貝枇杷膏」，「念慈菴川貝枇杷膏」的名聲也逐漸名揚四方。[3]及後楊孝廉去世，但求藥者日多，其後人遂設肆於北京，冠之「京都」二字而成為「京都念慈菴川貝枇杷膏」[4]，並隨藥附送原方，以符先人濟世之旨。此膏一傳近兩百年，民國時，楊家後人楊仲籬、楊萬如兄弟為避日軍侵華，舉家南遷廣州後又轉往香港，並打算移民巴西。二人為免枇杷膏就此絕世，有違祖訓，所以將「念慈菴」鋪號與藥方託付給中正藥房老闆謝兆邦（蘋果西打第二任董事長）。謝秉持楊氏心意，1946年在香港設立「京都念慈菴總廠有限公司」，繼續以正統正方正藥惠之世人，1961年到台灣設廠，陸續銷行枇杷膏到亞、歐、美、澳等數十國，延續至今。
spain
- [lopez-duarte and vidal-suarez quoted by 潘春陽] spainish mnc often took the form of joint venture rather than wholly owned to avoid political risk of host country
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