- Switzerland is Schweiz in German, Suisse in French, Svizzera in Italian, and Svizra in Romansch.https://www.quora.com/How-many-countries-would-have-to-change-their-English-names-if-they-were-to-change-to-the-way-the-natives-pronounce-them-such-as-China-to-Zhongguo
- Helvetia is the female national personification of Switzerland, officially Confœderatio Helvetica, the Swiss Confederation. The allegory is typically pictured in a flowing gown, with a spear and a shield emblazoned with the Swiss flag, and commonly with braided hair, commonly with a wreathas a symbol of confederation. The name is a derivation of the ethnonym Helvetii, the name of the Gaulish tribe inhabiting the Swiss Plateau prior to the Roman conquest.The fashion of depicting the Swiss Confederacy in terms of female allegories arises in the 17th century. This replaces an earlier convention, popular in the 1580s, of representing Switzerland as a bull (Schweizer Stier).The Swiss Confederation continues to use the name in its Latin form when it is inappropriate or inconvenient to use any or all of its four official languages. Thus, the name appears on postage stamps, coins and other uses; the full name, Confœderatio Helvetica, is abbreviated for uses such as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and vehicle registrationcode CH, and the ccTLD, .ch. Notably, translations of the term Helvetia still serve as the name for Switzerland in languages such as Irish, in which the country is known as An Eilvéis, Greek, in which it is known as Ελβετία (Elvetia) and Romanian, Elveţia. In Italian Elvezia is seen as archaic, but the demonym noun/adjective elvetico is used commonly as synonym of svizzero. In French, Swiss people may be referred to as Helvètes. The German word Helvetien is used as well as synonym of Schweiz and has a higher poetic value. Helvetien is also more common in Germany; the German-speaking Swiss use simply "Helvetia" or "Helvecia" as poetic synonym of their country.
Government http://www.admin.ch/index.html?lang=en
- The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) is an office-level agency in the federal administration of Switzerland, and a part of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Together with other federal offices, SDC is responsible for overall coordination of Swiss international development activities and cooperation with Eastern Europe, as well as humanitarian aid.
- Swiss Business Hub Hong Kong www.switzerland-ge.com/schweiz/export/de/country/Hongkong
- Switzerland Global Enterprise http://www.s-ge.com/en
The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (SR 10, German: Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft (BV), French: Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse (Cst.), Italian: Costituzione federale della Confederazione Svizzera (Cost.), Romansh: Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun svizra (help·info)) of 18 April 1999 (SR 101) is the third and current federal constitution of Switzerland. It establishes the Swiss Confederation as a federal republic of 26 cantons (states). The document contains a catalogue of individual and popular rights (including the right to call for popular referenda on federal laws and constitutional amendments), delineates the responsibilities of the cantons and the Confederation and establishes the federal authorities of government. The Constitution was adopted by popular vote on 18 April 1999. It replaced the prior federal constitution of 1874, which it was intended to bring up to date without changing it in substance.
- 1874 constitution https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/18740006/index.html
- according to Article 116 [Languages] , (1) German, French, Italian and Romansh are the national languages of Switzerland. (2) German, French and Italian are declared to be the official languages of the Confederation.
- Le romanche est une langue nationale (art. 4 [archive]) mais seulement partiellement une langue officielle (art. 70 [archive], art. 5 [archive]).
- article LVIII - order of jesuits and societies affiliated thereto are not permitted to be domicilated in any part of switzerland
- https://www.bar.admin.ch/bar/fr/home/recherche/recherche/themes/die-moderne-schweiz/epoche-des-wandels--die-schweiz-zwischen-1798-und-1848.html
- anabaptism had first appeared in bern in 1525; concordat in 1527. Official repression of anabaptists occasioned a good deal of emigration from emmental. In the 16th century there was a significant migration toward moravia, where there was hooe for a safer haven; in the 17th c there was a significant migration toward the united provinces, whereas in 18thc many descendants of emmental anabaptists migrated to the new world.
La vallée de Joux est une vallée située dans le sud-ouest du massif du Jura, dans le canton de Vaud (Suisse). Son nom était aussi celui de l'ancien district de La Vallée, disparu le 1er janvier 2008.
Elle est composée de trois communes : Le Chenit, Le Lieu et L'Abbaye qui comptent plusieurs villages et hameaux. C'est l'un des berceaux de l'horlogerie mécanique de haut de gamme et de nombreux ateliers des plus fameuses manufactures horlogères suisses s'y trouvent, comme Breguet, Audemars Piguet, Blancpain, Jaeger-LeCoultre, etc.
Grindelwald is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
- Grindelwald was first mentioned in 1146 as Grindelwalt. The oldest traces of a settlement in the area are scattered neolithic tools which have been discovered around Grindelwald village. Several Roman era coins have also been found in the municipality. A castle was built on the Burgbühl hill above the village during the High Middle Ages. In 1146, King Conrad III granted estates in Grindelwald to Interlaken Monastery. In the late 12th century, the barons of the alpine valleys in what became the Berner Oberland went to war against the expansionist Duke Berthold V of Zähringen. The Duke defeated a coalition of nobles in the Grindlewald valley in 1191. His victory allowed him to expand Zähringen power into the Oberland, to expand the city of Thun and found the city of Bern. Beginning in the 13th century, Interlaken Monastery began to purchase rights and land in Grindelwald and eventually forced the local nobles out of the valley. The Monastery continued to exert influence in the village and in 1315 and again in 1332 ordered the villagers to raid Unterwalden to further the political ambitions of the Abbot's patrons. In response to the raids, in 1342, Unterwalden attacked Grindelwald. A few years later, in 1348–49, the villagers joined in an unsuccessful rebellion against ecclesiastical power. In 1528, the city of Bern adopted the Protestant Reformation and proceeded to spread the new faith in Grindelwald against the populations' wishes. Berne was able to impose its will, converted the village and secularized Interlaken Abbey and the Abbey's lands. Grindelwald became part of the bailiwick of Interlaken, under a Bernese bailiff.
grisons
- 庫爾Chur (German: [ˈkuːr] or [ˈxuːr]) or Coire (French: [kwaʁ]; Romansh: Cuira [ˈkweːrɐ] or [ˈkwoi̯rɐ]; Italian: Coira [ˈkɔira])[notes 1] is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of Grisons Archaeological evidence of settlement at the site, in the Eastern Alps, goes back as far as the Pfyn culture[3] (3900-3500 BC),[4] making Chur one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. Remains and objects from the Bronze and Iron Ages have also been found in the eastern sector of the current city's centre. These include Bronze Age Urnfield and Luco-Meluno settlements from 1300-800 BC and Iron Age settlements from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC.The Roman Empire conquered the area that then came to be known as the Roman province of Raetia in 15 BC. Under emperor Diocletian (late 3rd century AD), the existing settlement of Curia Raetorum (later Chur) was made the capital of the newly established province of Raetia prima.In the 4th century, Chur became the seat of the first Christian bishopric north of the Alps. Despite a legend assigning its foundation to an alleged Briton king, St. Lucius, the first known bishop is one Asinio[6] in 451 AD.
Guarda is a former municipality in Inn District in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol. Guarda is first mentioned in 1160 as Warda. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Rhaeto-Romance (62.5%), with German being second most common (30.6%) and French being third ( 2.8%). The majority of the population speaks the Vallader dialect of Romansh. Until the 1980s, the village was almost totally Romansh speaking (1880 96%, 1900 99%, 1941 91% and 1980 90%). While the village school still supports the Romansh language, the German-speaking population is growing in Guarda.
- coat of arms is barcelos (coq)
- hkej 31jul17
汝拉州 The Republic and Canton of the Jura (French: République et canton du Jura), also known as the canton of Jura or canton Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə, French: [ʒyʁa] ,[needs Arpitan IPA] is the newest (founded in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Delémont.The King of Burgundy donated much of the land that today makes up canton Jura to the Bishop of Basel in 999. The area was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for more than 800 years. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 the Jura had close ties with the Swiss Confederation. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the Jura region became part of the canton of Bern. This act caused dissention. The Jura was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, whereas the canton of Bern was mostly German-speaking and Protestant. After World War II, a separatist movement campaigned for a secession of Jura from the canton of Bern. After a long and partly militant struggle, which included some arson attacks by a youth organisation Les Béliers, a constitution was accepted in 1977. In 1978 the split was made official when the Swiss people voted in favour, and in 1979 the Jura joined the Swiss Confederation as a full member. The canton celebrated its independence from the canton of Bern on 23 June. However, the southern part of the region, which is also predominantly French-speaking but has a Protestant majority, opted not to join the newly formed canton, instead remaining part of the canton of Bern. Although this decision may be considered strange linguistically, the choice may have been influenced by the fact that the canton of Bern is financially richer and is at the heart of federal power in Switzerland. The area is now known as Bernese Jura. The word Jura, therefore, may refer either to canton Jura, or to the combined territory of canton Jura and the Bernese Jura. Switzerland as a whole often presents the latter from a touristic standpoint with documentation easily available in French or German.
- Saint-Ursanne is an old town and a former municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura, Switzerland which has preserved much of its medieval character. The town contains many historical buildings, including a Romanesque abbey church, a collegiate church, a cloister, many medieval houses, a hermitage and an 18th-century bridge. The river Doubs makes a loop near Saint-Ursanne before flowing into France. Since 2009 Saint-Ursanne has been a part of the new municipality Clos du Doubs.The town is famous for the medieval festival which it organizes each summer,[2] and for the annual St-Ursanne - Les Rangiers International Hill Climb in August.[3][4]
Its name refers to Saint Ursicinus, a seventh-century monk who built a monastery here.
lusanne
-森帕赫 Sempach is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It has retained some traces of its medieval appearance, especially the main gateway, beneath a watch tower, and reached by a bridge over the old moat. About half an hour distant to the north-east, on the hillside, is the site of the famous Battle of Sempach (9 July 1386), in which the Swiss defeated the Austrians, whose leader, Duke Leopold, lost his life. The legendary deed of Arnold of Winkelried is associated with this victory. The spot is now marked by an ancient and picturesque Battle Chapel (restored in 1886) and by a modern monument to Winkelried. A few years later, in 1393, the so-called Sempacherbrief was signed between the Acht Orte (the original eight Swiss cantons), plus the associated Canton of Solothurn. It was the first document signed by all eight (plus Solothurn), but it also defined that none of them was to unilaterally start a war without the consent of all the others.
- https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-bloodiest-medieval-battle-in-history-in-terms-of-casualty-rates-on-either-side
邁恩費爾德 Maienfeld is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is a tourist destination in the Alps, both because of the local wine and because it was the setting of the story Heidi.Prehistoric Bronze work and a pre-Roman cellar have been found in the city and on St. Luzisteig hill.[3] A 3rd-century Roman station or settlement has been found along the old Roman Road.[4] The 4th or 5th century Tabula Peutingeriana map shows a place called Magia near modern Maienfeld.The village is first mentioned in 831 and was known as Lupinis at that time. The name of the village changed several times over the following centuries and included; Magenza, Lopine, Maging and Magen zu Luppinis. Finally, in 1295 the name Maienvelt was used, which eventually became Maienfeld.From the mid 10th century until the mid 12th century, the counts of Bregenz ruled Maienfeld. Their castle at Maienfeld was destroyed in 1079 by Henry IV, HRE during the Investiture Controversy. The current Schloss Brandis was initially built in 1270–75 by the von den Aspermont family and later by Friedrich VII, count of Toggenburg. In 1465 it was rebuilt and expanded by the Baron von Brandis. The town was also fortified in the 13th century. A 4.5 m (15 ft) tall and 1 m (3.3 ft) thick section of wall is still standing today. The town walls enclosed an area of about 120 m × 170 m (390 ft × 560 ft). The walls were thickened and raised to 9.6 m (31 ft) in the 14th century and then, in a third phase, topped with 1.8 m (5.9 ft) thick crenallations and raised to 10.5 m (34 ft).Maienfeld is first mentioned as a town in 1346, however it seems to have lacked a town government (until 1437) or guilds. In 1388 Maienfeld acquired the rights to charge a toll on the Roman Road that led from Chur over the St. Luzisteig to the north. Maienfeld also had a market, though the neighboring city of Malans had the market right. Following the death of the Toggenburger line, Maienfeld joined the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in 1436. In 1438 the city reached an agreement with the von Brandis and von Aarburg (inheritors of some Toggenburg lands) families. The agreement gave Maienfeld a set of rights and gave the city the right to Low Justice over the communities of Malans and Jenins.During the 14th century the Walser moved into the Maienfeld area and founded settlements that eventually became the Walser part of town. However, it would take several centuries until the Walser were granted full citizen rights. Maienfeld had been fully Romansh before this time, but during the Germanic-speaking Walser immigration Maienfeld became Germanized. By the 16th century the region was nearly completely Germanic. In 1458 the town was devastated by a fire. During the 1499 Swabian War Maienfeld was forced to open its gates to the invading Austrian army. After the Austrians left the area, it was attacked by Three Leagues troops who plundered the town.[5] In 1509 the Three Leagues bought Maienfeld from the von Brandis and put the city under the Protectorate of the Three Leagues. This led to an unusual situation where Maienfeld, as a voting member of the League of the Ten Jurisdictions and therefore a voting member of the Three Leagues, was also under the protection and control of the Three Leagues. Maienfeld indirectly set policy for managing Maienfeld. In 1529 the Tardis bridge was built over the Rhine river, shifting trade routes away from Maienfeld. In 1622 and again in 1720 the town was heavily damaged due to fire.
- https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3030589/thank-heidi-anime-and-super-mario-taking-japan-1970s
Melide is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Melide is known worldwide for the famous Swissminiatur, a museum that shows famous buildings in Switzerland presented in miniature form.Melide is first mentioned in 1034 as Melede.[3] It was originally ruled by Como. After ownership transferred to Milan in the first half of the 15th Century, Melide was required to furnish five soldiers for the Duke of Milan. In 1482, a toll and customs station is first mentioned in Melide. Until 1427 it was part of the parish of Lugano, followed by the parish of Carona. It became an independent parish in 1525. As the excavations of 1991-92 showed, the parish church of SS Quirico e Giulitta developed in several construction stages during the 6th and 7th Centuries. It was rebuilt in 1590 by Domenico Fontana. The S. Spirito Hospital was first mentioned in 1498 and was affiliated with Church of the S. Spirito Hospital in Rome. It was later abandoned and demolished in 1911. The Chapel of S. Croce is from 1626. In 1555 the Swiss Confederation Tagsatzung granted Melide, Bissone and Morcote a monopoly on the sale of fish in Lugano. Fishing, together with agriculture and viticulture was the main sources of income in the village. The rest of the income for the village comes from the emigration of artisans and artists, including the Fontana and Castelli families. After the construction of the main road in 1818, a ferry opened in the settlement of La Punta the following year. The ferry helped the economic development of the village until the construction of the Melide causeway between 1844-47. The 817 meters (2,680 ft) long structure added a railroad line in 1874 and since the second half of the 1960s, a highway. In the 18th Century lime kilns opened in the village. In the 19th Century various manufacturers of tobacco, alcohol, bells, boats, soap and ink opened. The tourist industry started in the 19th Century and is still a major industry in Melide. In 1959, Swissminiatur, with miniature models of Swiss towns and buildings, opened.
Montreux
- The earliest settlement was a Late Bronze Age village at Baugy. Montreux lies on the north east shore of Lake Geneva at the fork in the Roman road from Italy over the Simplon Pass, where the roads to the Roman capital of Aventicum and the road into Gaul through Besançon separated. This made it an important settlement in the Roman era. A Roman villa from the 2nd-4th centuries and a 6th–7th century cemetery have been discovered. In the 12th century, viticulture was introduced to the region, and the sunny slopes of the lake from Lavaux to Montreux became an important wine-growing region. Montreux is first mentioned in 1215 as Mustruel. In 1295, the Bishop of Sion sold the parish of Montreux to Girard of Oron. In 1317, it was split between the Lords of Oron (Le Châtelard) and the Counts of Savoy (Les Planches). A Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit administered estates and a hospital in Montreux starting in about 1309. The region was subject to various princes, most notably the princes of Savoy from the south side of the lake. They unified the territory which comprises the present canton of Vaud and were generally popular sovereigns. After the Burgundian Wars in the 15th century, the Swiss in Bern occupied the region without resistance, an indication of the weakness of the princes of Savoy. Under Bernese rule (1536–1798) it belonged to the bailiwick of Chillon (renamed in 1735 into the bailiwick of Vevey). The Reformation made the region around Montreux and Vevey an attractive haven for Huguenots from Italy, who brought their artisanal skills and set up workshops and businesses. The abbey of Les Echarpes blanches was founded in 1626. In 1798, Napoleon liberated the region from the Bernese. In the 19th century, the tourist industry became a major commercial outlet, with the grand hotels of Montreux attracting the rich and cultured from Europe and America.
- 八日，瑞士蒙特勒體操協會迎來150周 年慶典。作為慶祝活動的一部分，蒙特勒 體操協會為中國前體操奧運冠軍、李寧公 司創始人李寧在日內瓦湖畔豎起一座雕像 ，以彰顯運動精神和體育價值。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170610/PDF/a22_screen.pdf
- chinese name is 穆東
納沙泰爾The Republic and Canton of Neuchâtel (French: la République et Canton de Neuchâtel, IPA: [kɑ̃tɔ̃ də nøʃɑtɛl]) is a French-speaking canton in western Switzerland. The only part of present-day Switzerland to enter the Confederation as a principality (in 1814), Neuchâtel has a unique history. Its first recorded ruler, Rudolph III of Burgundy, mentioned Neuchâtel in his will in 1032. The dynasty of Ulrich count of Fenis (Hasenburg) took over the town and its territories in 1034. The dynasty prospered and, by 1373, all the lands now part of the canton belonged to the count. In 1405, the cities of Bern and Neuchâtel entered a union. The lands of Neuchâtel had passed to the lords of Freiburg in the late 14th century as inheritance from the childless Elisabeth, Countess of Neuchâtel, to her nephews, and then in 1458 to margraves of Sausenburg who belonged to the House of Baden.納沙泰爾州(Neuchâtel)的名字可追溯至古羅馬時代的拉丁名Novum Castellum，即新堡之意。歷史上經歷多番政權更迭。法國牧師威廉‧法路爾在1530年把宗教改革的思想傳到納沙泰爾地區。奧爾良-隆格維爾王朝倒台後，納沙泰爾落入普魯士國王腓得烈一世手中。普魯士統治此區域至1848年(在1806至1814年間成為貝爾蒂埃的大公國)。1815年納沙泰爾正式加入瑞士邦聯，那是瑞士第一次允許非共和政體的州加入。1848年發生的和平革命最終令納沙泰爾實現共和。Higher educational institutions include Haute école Arc
- note that its coat of arms resembles italian flag with a cross
Scuol (pronounced [ˈʃkwol]) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language in Scuol is Romansh. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into Scuol. The official name has undergone several changes in the 20th century:
ticino
- 阿斯科納 Ascona is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.In 1979-80, an excavation at the church of S. Sebastiano discovered 60 Early Middle Ages graves. The modern municipality of Ascona is first mentioned in 1224 as burgus de Scona. It used to be known by the German name Aschgunen though this is no longer used.[4] In Middle Ages, Ascona, Ronco and Castelletto formed a village cooperative together. In 1321 it was mentioned for the first time, and in 1369 it had its own statutes. The history of Ascona during the Middle Ages is closely linked with that of Locarno. The important role of Ascona is reflected in the designation plebis Locarni Asconaeque which it was given in 1369. It is believed that in the 6th century, the Castle of San Michele was the site of a curia(court) and the seat of a sculdascio (Lombardic for officer) of the county of Stazzona, who exercised control over the entire parish of Locarno. In 1004, the court rightswere transferred from the Archbishop of Milan to the Bishop of Como. In 1189 this gave the castle of San Michele to the Duni, one of the families of the Capitanei di Locarno. Other noble families from Locarno (Da Carcano, Castelletto, Muralto) settled in Ascona. They were joined by the Griglioni that fled the wars between the Guelphs and Ghibellines of Milan.
The canton of Uri烏里州The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss Germancalled Urner German. Uri was the only canton where the children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language. But in the school year of 2005/2006 this was changed to English as in most other cantons. The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.The name of the valley is first mentioned in the 8th or 9th century, in the Latinized form of Uronia.[4] In the medieval period, the name referred not to the entire Reuss valley but just to Altdorf and the surrounding settlements and estates. The extension of the name to a larger territory is the result of the territorial expansion of the canton in the 15th century. However, usage of Uri as referring to Altdorf remained current. From the 13th century onward, the German form of the name is recorded as Ure(n). The modern form Uri dates to the 16th century. The name has been derived from either Latin ora "brim, edge, margin" (reflected as Rumantsch ur), or from a pre-Roman hydronym containing the PIE root u̯er "water", in either case extended by a suffix in -n-. Both etymologies would refer to the Reuss and/or the shore of Lake Lucerne. The -n- suffix was reduced to an ending in -n in Middle High German, and the ending -n in the German toponym was lost only in early modern German (remaining visible in the demonym Urner). There is a long-standing popular etymology associating the name with ûr, the German name of the aurochs. This tradition may date as far back as the Middle High German period, reflected in the introduction of the cantonal seal showing a bull's head in the 13th century. Beginning in the 17th century, the bull of Uri (Uristier) came to be associated with the name of the Taurisci in learned speculation.
- Im Kanton Uri dominiert die römisch-katholische Konfession.
- William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. According to the legend, Tell was an expert marksman with the crossbow who assassinated Albrecht Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of the Habsburg dukes positioned in Altdorf, in the canton of Uri. Tell's defiance and tyrannicide encouraged the population to open rebellion and a pactagainst the foreign rulers with neighbouring Schwyz and Unterwalden, marking the foundation of the Swiss Confederacy. Set in the early 14th century (traditional date 1307, during the rule of Albert of Habsburg), the first written records of the legend date to the latter part of the 15th century, when the Swiss Confederacy was gaining military and political influence. Tell is a central figure in Swiss national historiography, along with Arnold von Winkelried the hero of Sempach (1386). He was important as a symbol during the formative stage of modern Switzerland in the 19th century, known as the period of Restoration and Regeneration, as well as in the wider history of 18th- to 19th-century Europe as a symbol of resistance against aristocratic rule, especially in the Revolutions of 1848 against a House of Habsburg which still ruled Austria five hundred years later.
Association
- international
- Trade
- agriculture
- employer
- Cosmetics
- Fashion/textile
- MICE/travel
- environment/climate change
- history
Academic institution
- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies http://graduateinstitute.ch/about-us
Thinktank
- Club of Rome http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=1246
- machinery
- robots
- MICE
chinese
- property investors
Scuol (pronounced [ˈʃkwol]) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language in Scuol is Romansh. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into Scuol. The official name has undergone several changes in the 20th century:
- Until 1943, the official name of the municipality was Schuls.
- In 1943, it was changed to Bad Scuol/Schuls.
- In 1970 Schuls was dropped as an official name, leaving only Bad Scuol.
- In 1999 Bad was dropped, leaving today's name, Scuol.
ticino
- 阿斯科納 Ascona is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.In 1979-80, an excavation at the church of S. Sebastiano discovered 60 Early Middle Ages graves. The modern municipality of Ascona is first mentioned in 1224 as burgus de Scona. It used to be known by the German name Aschgunen though this is no longer used.[4] In Middle Ages, Ascona, Ronco and Castelletto formed a village cooperative together. In 1321 it was mentioned for the first time, and in 1369 it had its own statutes. The history of Ascona during the Middle Ages is closely linked with that of Locarno. The important role of Ascona is reflected in the designation plebis Locarni Asconaeque which it was given in 1369. It is believed that in the 6th century, the Castle of San Michele was the site of a curia(court) and the seat of a sculdascio (Lombardic for officer) of the county of Stazzona, who exercised control over the entire parish of Locarno. In 1004, the court rightswere transferred from the Archbishop of Milan to the Bishop of Como. In 1189 this gave the castle of San Michele to the Duni, one of the families of the Capitanei di Locarno. Other noble families from Locarno (Da Carcano, Castelletto, Muralto) settled in Ascona. They were joined by the Griglioni that fled the wars between the Guelphs and Ghibellines of Milan.
The canton of Uri烏里州The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss Germancalled Urner German. Uri was the only canton where the children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language. But in the school year of 2005/2006 this was changed to English as in most other cantons. The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.The name of the valley is first mentioned in the 8th or 9th century, in the Latinized form of Uronia.[4] In the medieval period, the name referred not to the entire Reuss valley but just to Altdorf and the surrounding settlements and estates. The extension of the name to a larger territory is the result of the territorial expansion of the canton in the 15th century. However, usage of Uri as referring to Altdorf remained current. From the 13th century onward, the German form of the name is recorded as Ure(n). The modern form Uri dates to the 16th century. The name has been derived from either Latin ora "brim, edge, margin" (reflected as Rumantsch ur), or from a pre-Roman hydronym containing the PIE root u̯er "water", in either case extended by a suffix in -n-. Both etymologies would refer to the Reuss and/or the shore of Lake Lucerne. The -n- suffix was reduced to an ending in -n in Middle High German, and the ending -n in the German toponym was lost only in early modern German (remaining visible in the demonym Urner). There is a long-standing popular etymology associating the name with ûr, the German name of the aurochs. This tradition may date as far back as the Middle High German period, reflected in the introduction of the cantonal seal showing a bull's head in the 13th century. Beginning in the 17th century, the bull of Uri (Uristier) came to be associated with the name of the Taurisci in learned speculation.
- Im Kanton Uri dominiert die römisch-katholische Konfession.
- William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. According to the legend, Tell was an expert marksman with the crossbow who assassinated Albrecht Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of the Habsburg dukes positioned in Altdorf, in the canton of Uri. Tell's defiance and tyrannicide encouraged the population to open rebellion and a pactagainst the foreign rulers with neighbouring Schwyz and Unterwalden, marking the foundation of the Swiss Confederacy. Set in the early 14th century (traditional date 1307, during the rule of Albert of Habsburg), the first written records of the legend date to the latter part of the 15th century, when the Swiss Confederacy was gaining military and political influence. Tell is a central figure in Swiss national historiography, along with Arnold von Winkelried the hero of Sempach (1386). He was important as a symbol during the formative stage of modern Switzerland in the 19th century, known as the period of Restoration and Regeneration, as well as in the wider history of 18th- to 19th-century Europe as a symbol of resistance against aristocratic rule, especially in the Revolutions of 1848 against a House of Habsburg which still ruled Austria five hundred years later.
Association
- international
- African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States http://www.acp.int/ The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. It is composed of 79 African, Caribbean and Pacific states, with all of them, save Cuba, signatories to the Cotonou Agreement, also known as the "ACP-EC Partnership Agreement" which binds them to the European Union. There are 48 countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, 16 from the Caribbean and 15 from the Pacific.
- efta
- On 12 January 1960, the Treaty on the European Free Trade Association was initiated in the Golden Hall of the Prince's Palace of Stockholm. This established the progressive elimination of customs duties on industrial products, but did not affect agricultural or fisheries products. The main difference between the early EEC and the EFTA was that the latter did not operate common external customs tariffs unlike the former: each EFTA member was free to establish its individual customs duties against, or its individual free trade agreements with, non-EFTA countries.
- hkej 20mar17 report on efta call for transparency in china's obor
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/19/alex-salmond-independent-scotland-join-efta-get-single-market/ Scotland would try and join the European Free Trade Association rather than the EU immediately after independence under the SNP’s latest plans, Alex Salmond has confirmed.
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21720626-striking-trade-deals-quickly-bonus-what-really-matters-quality
- hkej 22mar18 shum article on possibility of UK's rejoining
- The Institut de Droit international (IDI; French for "Institute of International Law") is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers.
- http://pedone.info/idi/idi-en.html Yearbook of Institut of international Law Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit International
- before ww1, done research on codification of international law, dealt with question of publication of treaties (1885, 1891 and 1892); went on in parallel with international law commission with treaty interpretation (1956), modification and termination of collective treaties (1963, 1967), MFN clauses in multinateral treaties (1969), intertemporal law (1973, 1975), international texts devoid of legal import (1979, 1983) and instruments of normative import (1985), effect of war on treaties (1985).
- http://www.horasis.org/ Horasis hosts annual meetings to advance solutions to the most critical challenges facing corporations today. Participants jointly identify globally relevant business issues and develop sophisticated and interdisciplinary solutions. Participants then leverage these solutions to enhance corporate performance and long-term growth. Among the participants are the Chief Executive Officers of the world's most respected corporations as well as key business leaders from emerging markets. Also participating are renowned thought leaders and relevant public figures including heads of government and ministers.
- HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (orHelvetas in brief) is a Swiss association for international cooperation. It was founded in 1955 as the first private organization for development co-operation in Switzerland. Helvetas is a politically independent and non-denominational association, supported by approximately 43,000 members, 40,000 sponsors and 15 regional groups.
- The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies reaches 160 million people each year through its 190-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. It does so with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class and political opinions. In 1919, representatives from the National Red Cross Societies of Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the US came together in Paris to found the League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) whose stated goal was "to strengthen and unite, for health activities, already-existing Red Cross Societies and to promote the creation of new Societies".[6] The original idea was Henry Davison's, then president of the American Red Cross War Committee[7] American Red Cross and he was assisted by the British general Sir David Henderson who became the Director-General. This move, led by the American Red Cross, expanded the international activities of the Red Cross Movement beyond the strict mission of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to include relief assistance in response to emergencies which were not caused by armed conflict (such as man-made or natural disasters). The American Red Cross already had great disaster relief mission experience extending back to its foundation. The formation of the League, as an additional international Red Cross organization alongside the ICRC, was not without controversy for a number of reasons. The ICRC had, to some extent, valid concerns about a possible rivalry between the two organizations.
- The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
- Jason yip, a bba grad in 2004, worked as hk delegate in middle east and afghan hku convocation newsletter autumn17
- 科技大學昨日宣佈與紅 十字國際委員會（ICRC） 開展合作，包括由經濟學者 與委員會進行效益統計研 究、舉辦工作坊及為科大生 預留實習機會等，在促進國 際人道工作的同時，亦讓學 生透過體驗式學習，提升國 際視野。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/05/29/a21-0529.pdf
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170222/00180_023.html 非洲一批難民日前在偷渡途中遇難，至少七十四具遺體沖上利比亞西岸一處沙灘，於周一早上被當地居民發現。國際組織紅新月會接報到場處理，並在沙灘其他地點發現更多遇難者。
- https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/nov/03/red-cross-outraged-over-pilfering-of-ebola-aid-millions-by-its-own-staff The Red Cross has admitted that millions of dollars meant for fighting the deadly outbreak of Ebola in west Africa were siphoned off by its own staff. The organisation’s own investigations uncovered evidence of fraud, with more than $2.1m (£1.6m) lost in Sierra Leone, probably stolen by staff in collusion with local bank officials, according to a statement. In Guinea, a mixture of fake and inflated customs bills cost it $1m. The Red Cross, the world’s oldest humanitarian organisation, said it was “outraged” at the losses but its statement did not contain any apology.
- The Swiss-Asian Chamber of Commerce (SACC) is a private organisation, providing a forum for all firms, institutions, government bodies and individuals interested in the economic and business relations between Switzerland and Asia.http://www.sacc.ch/about-sacc/
- long standing board member john rudolph peter zuellig obit scmp 10jan19
- International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development http://ictsd.org/
- World Trade Institute www.wti.org
- Society of International Economic Law http://www.sielnet.org/, host the SIEL conference (with participation from HKU and CUHK in 2014)
- swiss national centre of competence in research http://www.nccr-trade.org/
- Switzerland Global Enterprise was founded as a non-profit association in Lausanne in 1927. It informs, advises and guides SMEs from Switzerland and Liechtenstein in their international business ventures. It links companies, experts and private and public organisations around the world, thus facilitating efficient promotion of foreign trade. Apart from export promotion, Switzerland Global Enterprise has also been responsible for promoting Switzerland as a business location abroad since the beginning of 2008, as well as for promoting imports from selected developing and transition countries. In addition, Switzerland Global Enterprise runs 21 Swiss Business Hubs abroad, most of which are based in Swiss embassies. These offices provide guidance to Swiss exporters on four continents and promote Switzerland as a business location abroad.
- Migros (German pronunciation: [ˈmiɡro]) is Switzerland's largest retail company, its largest supermarket chain and largest employer. It is also one of the forty largest retailers in the world. It is structured in the form of a cooperative society (the Federation of Migros Cooperatives), with more than two million members. It co-founded Turkey's largest retailer, Migros Türk, which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975. The name comes from the French "mi" for half or mid-way and "gros", which means wholesale. Thus the word connotes prices that are halfway between retail and wholesale. The logo of the company is a large orange M. Migros is often referred to as "der orange Riese" [1], i.e. "the orange giant" (German: oranger Riese, French: géant orange, Italian: gigante arancio), an expression presumably borrowed from Germany, where Deutsche Telekom is often referred to as "der rosa Riese" [2], i.e. "the pink giant". Migros was founded in 1925 in Zürich as a private enterprise by Gottlieb Duttweiler, who had the idea of selling just six basic foodstuffs at low prices to householders who, in those days, did not have ready access to markets of any kind.
- financial
- Globus is a Swiss department store company, with 13 department stores in Switzerland. The group, which includes the Herren Globus chain of menswear stores and the Office World chain of office supplies stores, is owned by Switzerland's largest retailer, Migros. Globus was founded in 1907 in Zurich.
- The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks".
- http://english.gov.cn/state_council/ministries/2016/12/14/content_281475515712272.htm China’s forex regulator on Dec 13 praised an announcement made by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) that it will publish Chinese banking data. The BIS announced on Dec 11 that it will now publish Chinese locational banking statistics (LBS), and that it will also publish Chinese banking data on its official website.
- Swiss private bankers association
- The Wolfsberg Group is a non-governmental association of thirteen global banks, founded in 2000 at the Château Wolfsberg, near Ermatingen (Switzerland). Its goal has been to develop financial industry standards for Anti-money laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC) and Counter Terrorist Financing (CTF) policies. Its work is similar to what the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) does on a government level. The Wolfsberg Group has criticized FATF's draft AML revision as "too prescriptive and too narrowly conceived". The Group operates in relative obscurity without press coverage.
- agriculture
- http://globalagribusinessalliance.com/
- The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants or UPOV (French: Union internationale pour la protection des obtentions végétales) is an intergovernmental organization with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Secretary-General of UPOV is Francis Gurry. UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The Convention was adopted in Paris in 1961 and revised in 1972, 1978 and 1991. The objective of the Convention is the protection of new varieties of plants by an intellectual property right. By codifying intellectual property for plant breeders, UPOV aims to encourage the development of new varieties of plants for the benefit of society.
- The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has launched the Chinese version of its Plant Variety Data Routing Information System using multilingual application forms. The move follows the online platform's initial launch in January. Annual applications to register new plant varieties with the Ministry of Agriculture stood at nearly 3,000 in 2016, ranking No 2 among the inter-governmental union's members and enabling the country's total to exceed 20,000.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-11/30/content_35130435.htm
- https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2019/07/groups-unite-to-form-world-spirits-alliance/ The WSA will aim to act as a “global voice” for the distilled spirits sector, and will be a representative partner and interlocutor for the industry in front of international organisations, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN).Topics of interest for the WSA include the elimination of tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and discriminatory taxes; fair, transparent and evidence-based regulation; “adequate” excise tax structures; “proportionate” evidence-based public health measures for distilled spirits; and “ambitious” strategies to combat illicit alcohol.The WSA includes: Spirits Europe, Asia Pacific International Wines and Spirits Alliance, Camara Nacional de la Industria Tequilera, Scotch Whisky Association, Association of Canadian Distillers, Pernod Ricard, Diageo, International Spirits and Wines Association of India, Japanese Spirits Liquor Makers Association, Brown-Forman, Distilled Spirits Council of the US, Spirits New Zealand, Rémy Cointreau, Beam Suntory, Spirits and Cocktail Australia, Campari and Edrington.
- employer
- international organisation of employers http://www.ioe-emp.org/ (no rep from HK!?)
- Cosmetics
- Swiss Cosmetic and Detergent Association www.skw-cds.ch
- Firmenich SA is a private Swiss company in the fragrance and flavor business. The company was founded as Chuit & Naef in 1895 in Geneva by chemist Philippe Chuit and businessman Martin Naef. Fred Firmenich joined in 1900 and later became the majority partner. The company was renamed Firmenich SA. Originally a fragrance company, Firmenich branched into the flavor business by creating a raspberry substitute in 1938, followed by creations of citrus and strawberry flavor. Other synthetic flavors followed for use in processed foods and preserved foods. In 1939, Firmenich Director of Research and Development Lavoslav Ružička was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- 瑞士香精香料企業芬美 意 （Firmenich） 日 前 在 江 蘇省張家港保稅區正式啟用 其全球最大的食用香精製造 廠. 芬美意是全球最大的香精香料私營企 業，目前在中國內地建有3個銷售中心、3 個生產基地和1個世界級研發中心。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2019/03/17/a03-0317.pdf
- china daily 20sep19 firmenich to set up in shanghai
- international fragrance association http://www.ifraorg.org/
- Fashion/textile
- European Outdoor Group http://www.europeanoutdoorgroup.com/
- International Textile Manufacturers Federation http://www.itmf.org/
- Institute for Marketecology (http://www.imo.ch/), international body for the inspection, certification and quality control of organic, eco-friendly and socially-responsible products
- INTERNATIONAL UNION OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS AND CHEMISTS SOCIETIES http://www.iultcs.org/home.asp
- International Association for Research and Testing in the Field of Textile Ecology https://www.oeko-tex.com The responsibility for the independent tests for harmful substances according to Oeko-Tex® Standard 100 lies with the International Oeko-Tex® Association, a union of 16 renowned institutes for textile research and testing in Europe and Japan, withrepresentations and contact offices in over 60 countries worldwide (including HK).
- better cotton initiative http://bettercotton.org
- world jewellery confederation http://www.cibjo.org/
- federation of the swiss watch industry http://www.fhs.ch/eng/homepage.html
- http://www.hautehorlogerie.org/en/, The Fondation de la Haute Horlogerie (FHH) was established in Geneva in 2005 by three founders, the Richemont Group, Audemars Piguet and Girard Perregaux, to promote Fine Watchmaking internationally.
- The International Road Transport Union (IRU) was founded in Geneva on 23 March 1948, one year after the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), to expedite the reconstruction of war-torn Europe through facilitated international trade by road transport.
- The DECT Forum is a non-profit industry organization, founded in 1997
and based in Bern, Switzerland.The Mission of the DECT Forum is to support a collaborative environment of the DECT industry and drive programs to develop and improve DECT wireless technology in order to exceed wireless communications expectations and meet the needs of a technology-shifting world.
- The International Federation of Inventors' Associations (IFIA) is a non-profit, nongovernmental organization founded in London, on July 11, 1968, by inventor's associations of Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. IFIA was established in 1968[3] in London by the cooperation of the representatives of seven European countries namely Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.[4] The IFIA is registered as one of the partners of International Geneva United Nation Office in Geneva (UNOG).[5] The IFIA logo registered in Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property. The organization has member organizations in more than 88 countries, and around 100 member organizations in total.[3] The IFIA has a General Assembly, that includes an Executive Committee and elects the IFIA President.
- MICE/travel
- International Hotel and Restaurant Association http://ih-ra.com/
- Fifa
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-03/22/content_24003301.htm Besides Wanda, two more Chinese companies will sign up as FIFA partners thisyear, Wang Jianlin, chairman of property giant Wanda Group, said on Monday. "As far as I know, if everything goes smoothly, another two Chinese companies willbecome FIFA's top-level sponsors this year," Wang said at a news conference,without disclosing details. Wanda Group has signed a sponsorship contract with FIFA, according to astatement by the world soccer governing body on Friday. The contract will grant Wanda the highest level of sponsorship rights, which will bevalid for 15 years and includes the next four FIFA World Cup events, it said. "Chances of China qualifying for the World Cup will become brighter with moreChinese companies becoming FIFA sponsors," Wang said. FIFA President Gianni Infantino said on Friday in Switzerland that he believes therelationship with Wanda "will support us to continue the ongoing development andgrowth of the game in China and all over the world". Wang said the cooperation is not a money-for-fame deal, but includes a package ofagreements that will help promote the development of the soccer sector and thewhole sports industry in China. There are eight seats for the top-level FIFA sponsors globally, with US companiesdominating the list. Wang said that, barring any obstacles, Wanda and another twoChinese companies will sit at the top level with Adidas, Coca-Cola, Gazprom,Hyundai Motor Co and Visa Inc.
- The Swiss Alpine Club (German: Schweizer Alpen-Club, French: Club Alpin Suisse, Italian: Club Alpino Svizzero, Romansh: Club Alpin Svizzer) is the largest mountaineering club in Switzerland. It was founded in 1863 in Olten and it is now composed of 111 sections with 110,000 members (2006). These include the Association of British Members of the Swiss Alpine Club.
- The International Baseball Federation (IBAF; Spanish: Federación Internacional de Béisbol, French: Fédération internationale de baseball) is the former worldwide governing body recognized by the International Olympic Committee as overseeing, deciding and executing the policy of the sport of baseball. The IBAF has since become the international baseball "Division" of the World Baseball Softball Confederation, the officially recognized world governing body for baseball (and softball). One of its principal responsibilities under the WBSC umbrella is to organize, standardize and sanction international competitions, using the WBSC name, among baseball's 124 national governing bodies through its various tournaments to determine a world champion and calculate world rankings for both men's and women's baseball. Prior to the establishment of the WBSC, which has since superseded its authority, the IBAF had been the lone entity that can assign the title of "world champion" to any baseball team delegated to represent a nation. Its offices are housed within the WBSC headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland—the Olympic Capital.The first-ever international baseball event was a series of exhibition games that took place during the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, United States. The exhibition proved so successful that it was given an encore at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.
- environment/climate change
- The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 Member States and Territories. The Convention of the World Meteorological Organization was signed 11 October 1947 and established upon ratification on 23 March 1950.
- 香港天文台昨與世界氣象組織簽署諒解備忘錄，加強合作。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20181003/00176_044.html
- intergovernmental panel on climate change http://www.ipcc.ch/
- The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources[2]) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable".IUCN was established in 1948. It was previously called the International Union for the Protection of Nature (1948–1956) and the World Conservation Union (1990–2008).IUCN was established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau, France, when representatives of governments and conservation organizations spurred by UNESCO signed a formal act constituting the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). The initiative to set up the new organisation came from UNESCO and especially from its first Director General, the British biologist Julian Huxley.
- international organisation for migration http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home.html
- investment migration council http://investmentmigration.org
- The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide inter-church organization founded in 1948. Its members today include the Anglican Communion, the Assyrian Church of the East, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most mainline Protestant churches (such as the Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, Moravian and Reformed) and some evangelical Protestant churches (such as the Baptist and Pentecostal).[1] Notably, the Roman Catholic Church is not a member, although it sends accredited observers to meetings.[2] The WCC arose out of the ecumenical movement and has as its basis the following statement:
- The World Council of Churches is a fellowship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus Christ as God and Savior according to the scriptures, and therefore seek to fulfill together their common calling to the glory of the one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
- The WCC describes itself as "a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness and Christian service."[4] It is based at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland.
- The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM /wʊzm/) is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 169 members. These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have over 40 million participants.[4] WOSM was established in 1922, and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland.
- history
- The International Committee of Historical Sciences / Comité international des Sciences historiques (ICHS / CISH) is the international association of historical scholarship. It was established as a non-governmental organization in Geneva May 14, 1926.[1] It is composed of national committees and international affiliated organizations devoted to research and to scholarly publication in all areas of historical study. There are currently 51 national committees and 30 international associations members of the CISH. Its main activity is the organisation of an international conference, the "International Congress of Historical Sciences".
- The Club of Rome was founded in April 1968 by Aurelio Peccei, an Italian industrialist, and Alexander King, a Scottish scientist. It was formed when a small international group of people from the fields of academia, civil society, diplomacy, and industry met at a villa in Rome, hence the name. It stimulated considerable public attention in 1972 with the first report to the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth. Since 1 July 2008 the organization has been based in Winterthur, Switzerland.
- Landqart AG manufactures and supplies high-security papers.
- bodyguard
- https://www.reuters.com/article/snb-acquisition-notes/update-2-swiss-national-bank-saves-bank-note-materials-maker-idUSL8N1OL0NJ
- WORLD Bodyguards Association (est 1998)
Academic institution
- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies http://graduateinstitute.ch/about-us
Thinktank
- Club of Rome http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=1246
- Graeme Maxton http://www.graememaxton.com/about commented 2014-15 budget in scmp
Company
- Compagnie Financière Richemont SA is a Switzerland-based luxury goods holding company founded in 1988 by South African businessman Johann Rupert. Through its various subsidiaries, Richemont designs, manufactures, distributes and sells premium jewellery, watches, leather goods, writing instruments, firearms, clothing and accessories. Richemont is publicly traded as CFR on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the JSE Securities Exchange. The brands it owns include A. Lange & Söhne, Azzedine Alaïa, Baume & Mercier, Cartier, Chloé, Dunhill, IWC Schaffhausen, Giampiero Bodino, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Lancel, Montblanc, Officine Panerai, Piaget, Peter Millar, Purdey, Roger Dubuis, Shanghai Tang, Vacheron Constantin, and Van Cleef & Arpels.
- ubs
- private bank
- food and beverage
- Compagnie Financière Richemont SA is a Switzerland-based luxury goods holding company founded in 1988 by South African businessman Johann Rupert. Through its various subsidiaries, Richemont designs, manufactures, distributes and sells premium jewellery, watches, leather goods, writing instruments, firearms, clothing and accessories. Richemont is publicly traded as CFR on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the JSE Securities Exchange. The brands it owns include A. Lange & Söhne, Azzedine Alaïa, Baume & Mercier, Cartier, Chloé, Dunhill, IWC Schaffhausen, Giampiero Bodino, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Lancel, Montblanc, Officine Panerai, Piaget, Peter Millar, Purdey, Roger Dubuis, Shanghai Tang, Vacheron Constantin, and Van Cleef & Arpels.
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-03/richemont-sells-shanghai-tang-to-italian-entrepreneur-in-revamp Richemont has sold Hong Kong-based dressmaker Shanghai Tang (to A. Moda), showing that a Chinese name still doesn’t have the same ring to luxury shoppers as a French or Italian one.Richemont acquired a controlling stake in Shanghai Tang in 1998, a year after sovereignty over Hong Kong was transferred from the U.K. to China. It bought the rest in 2008. The luxury company is revamping its portfolio, having merged its Net-a-Porter online unit with Yoox SpA in 2015 after disposing of Italian penmaker Montegrappa in 2007.
- ubs
- china
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-15/ubs-china-to-open-shanghai-branch-this-year-amid-market-turmoil UBS Group AG is set to expand in mainland China, shrugging off the country’s stock market implosion as it pursues plans to open a branch for the wealthy in Shanghai this year. The Swiss bank sees huge potential for its private banking business in China, encouraged by government measures to open up the financial industry, said Kathryn Shih, the company’s head of wealth management in the Asia-Pacific region. Building a strong franchise in China is a priority as the world’s largest money manager to the rich endeavors to raise its profile. “We need to get a foothold there first,” she said by phone from Hong Kong. “It’s really to establish our presence, establish our brand in China.”
- http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-03/18/content_23932543.htm UBS (China) Ltd, UBS AG's locally incorporated and wholly foreign-owned bank, has announced the opening of its Shanghai branch, which will focus on wealth preservation and succession planning services. The branch is located in the Xintiandi neighborhood, home to a community of high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth individuals. Amy Lo, head of UBS wealth management for China, said there has been a shift in customer demand in the past few years, with more focus now on family needs. She said in the past, most UBS clients had been concentrating on growing their wealth, and preferred high-risk, high-yield wealth management products. Nowadays, they have realized the importance of risk management and wealth preservation, she said.
- UBS has hired Alan Wang, a former senior official at China’s banking watchdog, to oversee the integration of its in yet another senior addition to its management teams in the region. Wang joined the Swiss bank as a managing director in charge of coordinating strategy for its various mainland units in a compliant fashion, according to an internal memo of the bank. He came from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) and had earlier served at the People’s Bank of China ( ). He has led teams overseeing foreign bank supervision, risk management and international affairs on the mainland.https://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/3083356/ubs-hires-former-china-banking-regulator-alan-wang-take
- http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/2042019/hong-kongs-sfc-take-action-against-stanchart-unit-over-roleSeveral other listings sponsored by UBS have already led to SFC investigations into possible accounting irregularities. One was China Metal Recycling, which Hong Kong stock exchange data and court filings show UBS sponsored in 2009. It was delisted in January this year after the SFC in July 2013 concluded it should be wound up, alleging that the firm – one of the mainland’s largest recyclers of scrap metal – had fabricated its sales and profits in forged documents and transactions leading up to its listing.
- http://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-taxevasion-international-idUSKBN1720Q2 Swiss bank Credit Suisse has been dragged into yet more tax evasion and money laundering investigations, after a tip-off to Dutch prosecutors about tens of thousands of suspect accounts triggered raids in five countries. Coordinated raids began on Thursday in the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, France and Australia, the Dutch office for financial crimes prosecution (FIOD) said on Friday, with two arrests confirmed so far.
The Dutch are "investigating dozens of people who are suspected of tax fraud and money laundering", the prosecutors said, adding that suspects had deposited money in a Swiss bank without disclosing that to authorities. - 瑞士金融集團瑞信涉嫌不當聘請中國「官二代」，換取與中國企業做生意的機會，年前美國司法部調查。瑞信周三宣布已與司法部達成和解，將支付四千七百萬美元（約三億七千萬港元）罰款，換取當局不予起訴。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180607/00180_006.html
- economist 5cot19 "discredit suisse"
- private bank
- http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0347728-392e-11e6-a780-b48ed7b6126f.html BSI, the Swiss private bank, has launched an appeal against sanctions imposed last month by Switzerland’s financial supervisor over its role in the multibillion-dollar scandal at Malaysia’s 1MDB state investment fund. The Swiss authority had “severely harmed the reputation” of the bank and ordered “unlawful and disproportionate” measures against it, BSI said on Thursday. An appeal against the action by Finma, the financial supervisor, had been lodged at the Swiss federal administrative court.
- The Edmond de Rothschild Group is an international, family-owned and independent financial group, specialised in private banking, asset management, private equity, corporate finance and funds administration.In 1953, Edmond de Rothschild set up the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild in Paris. This laid the groundwork for the international group through the acquisition of the Geneva-based private banking practice in 1965 and the opening of a branch in Luxembourg three years later. In 1989, his 23-year-old son, Benjamin de Rothschild, founded the Compagnie de Trésorerie to offer advanced financial risk management services. Following the death of his father in 1997, Benjamin de Rothschild became president of the Group. Ariane de Rothschild, his wife, was appointed vice-president[4] of the Group in 2009, and was nominated chief executive of Group in January 2015. In 2010, the LCF Rothschild[5] (La Compagnie financière) group changed its name to Edmond de Rothschild as a tribute to its founder. According to Benjamin de Rothschild,[6][7] "the Edmond de Rothschild group gathered all its banking and non-banking activities under the new heading to clarify and strengthen the Group's identity".
- Banque Privée Edmond de Rothschild S.A. is a private bank headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is exclusively dedicated to wealth management for private and institutional clients. It is a part of Edmond de Rothschild Group. It is listed on the Swiss Exchange .
- ft 14mar19 edmond de rothschild bank to go private
- http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/2053312/edmond-de-rothschild-close-hong-kong-branch-amid-troubled Swiss wealth and investment manager Edmond de Rothschild has become the latest casualty of turbulence in the private banking sector, announcing its intention to close its Hong Kong branch, its only outlet in Asia. Edmond de Rothschild first opened a representative office in Hong Kong in 1992 and opened a full branch in 2012.
- Vontobel is a globally oriented Swiss private bank that is headquartered in Zurich. It was established in 1924 and has around 1,700 employees worldwide. Vontobel specializes in wealth and asset management for private clients and institutional investors, as well as investment banking. As of 31 December 2016, Vontobel held around CHF 195 billion of client assets. The registered shares of Vontobel Holding AG are listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The Vontobel families and the Vontobel Foundation hold the majority of shares and votes in the company. Vontobel has branches at 21 international locations.
- EFG International is a global private banking group private banking and asset management services, headquartered in Zurich.
- SIX is a financial service provider that operates the infrastructure of Switzerland's financial center. The abbreviation SIX stands for Swiss Infrastructure and Exchange. SIX develops and maintains securities trading and post-trading platforms, provides financial information and sells cashless payment systems. SIX operates worldwide and is headquartered in Zürich.In 2008, SWX Group, Telekurs Group and SIS Group joined forces to form Swiss Financial Market Services, which began to operate under the brand SIX Group in 2008. The company provides services in the areas of securities trading (former SWX Group), securities services (former SIS Group) and financial information and payment transactions (former Telekurs Group).
- sponsor hk's golf player tiffany chan
- food and beverage
- Nestle
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/01fbfc86-5a21-11e4-be86-00144feab7de.html Factory in Lagos de Moreno, Mexico is the first of its kind in the world not to rely on external water sources. Instead, it recycles the waste fluid extracted from milk when it is powdered and puts it back to work.
- Migrant workers toiling in Thailand’s seafood industry to supply global companies such as Nestle SA are subjected to hazardous, exploitative and degrading conditions in which some fishermen are even sold to other boat captains, a report commissioned by the company found. The report conducted by Verite on behalf of Geneva-based Nestle and releasedMonday found “indicators of forced labor, trafficking, and child labor to be present among sea-based and land-based workers.” The findings, which are consistent with the non-government group’s previous research on Thailand’s fishing industry, “present an urgent challenge to any company sourcing seafood.”http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-24/nestle-finds-abuse-forced-labor-by-its-thai-seafood-suppliers
- chocolate
- construction
- https://www.barry-callebaut.com/ Barry Callebaut is among the world's largest cocoa producers and grinders, with an average annual production of 1.7 million tonnes of cocoa. It was created in 1996 through the merging of the Belgian chocolate producer Callebaut and the French company Cacao Barry. It is currently based in Zürich, Switzerland, and operates in 30 countries worldwide. It was created in its present form by the German immigrant Klaus Johann Jacobs.
- construction
- Holcim (cement) http://www.holcim.com/, merged with Lafarge
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21721437-boss-lafargeholcim-resigns-over-scandal-syria-giant-cement-firm-may-have LafargeHolcim, a French-Swiss cement-maker, blundered so badly while running operations in Syria as fighting raged. On April 24th the firm said that its chief executive, Eric Olsen, will go, a casualty of a growing scandal over its activities in the country. The board of the world’s biggest cement producer stated only last month that Mr Olsen was not responsible for, nor aware of, wrongdoing by the firm in Syria.
- metal/steel
- Duferco, hebei iron and steel takes stake in duferco http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-09/16/content_18604707.htm
- Sulzer Ltd. is a Swiss industrial engineering and manufacturing firm, founded by Salomon Sulzer-Bernet in 1775 and established as Sulzer Brothers Ltd. (Gebrüder Sulzer) in 1834 in Winterthur, Switzerland. Today it is a publicly traded company with international subsidiaries. The company's shares are listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange. Sulzer Brothers helped develop shuttleless weaving, and their core business was loom manufacture. Rudolf Diesel worked for Sulzer in 1879[citation needed], and in 1893 Sulzer bought certain rights to diesel engines. Sulzer built their first diesel engine in 1898.
- Interroll is a manufacturer of products for unit-load handling systems, internal logistics and automation. These are used primarily within the area of food processing, airport logistics, postal services, distribution and in various segments of industry. The products include drum motors for belt conveyors, DC-powered and non-powered rollers for conveyor systems; flow storage modules for compact pallet/container racking systems in distribution centres; crossbelt sorters, belt curves and other conveyor modules for material flow systems. Founded in 1959 by Dieter Specht and Hans vom Stein in Wermelskirchen, Germany.Between 1968 and 1973 Interroll concluded joint ventures in France, the UK, Denmark, the Benelux countries and Spain. The company developed in the subsequent one as a belt drive used mini-drum motor, ball caster and in cooperation with the Italian Rulmeca, severe conveyor rollers for bulk material applications. 1986 the company concentrated all injection molding production at the newly created site in Sant' Antonino in Switzerland and moved 3 years later the groups headquarter there. 1989 Foundation of the Swiss Holding, establishing the holding. In 1997, the company went public and floated on the Swiss Stock Exchange.
- commodities
- china daily 14aug19
- vitol
- robots
- abb
- retail
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2016-05/19/content_25365875.htm ABB Group, the Swiss power and automation company, has pledged to produce more servicerobots in China to keep up with growing demand. Ulrich Spiesshofer, its chief executive officer, said such products can be used effectively acrossa huge range of services, from cleaning and assembly operations within the chemical andautomotive sectors, to working at height or at depth, where human workers face safety risks. We will not only focus on industrial robot research and development in China, but also deployingmore resources to develop more types of robot," said Spiesshofer.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-10/12/content_27032008.htm ABB announced earlier this month that it will shape the company's divisions into four units－electrification products, robotics and motion, industrial automation and power grids－to enhance its earning ability, as well as realizing its full potential in digital technologies. These divisions will start operating as entrepreneurial units within ABB on Jan 1, 2017, reflected in an enhancement of its performance and compensation model focusing on individual accountability and responsibility.
- 昨日中午，上海市政府與瑞士ABB集團就建設機械人超級工廠簽署戰略合作諒解備忘錄。ABB集團總裁兼首席執行官史畢福表示，ABB將投資1.5億美元（約合港幣11.77億元），在上海康橋新建一座全球最大、最先進、最具柔性的機械人超級工廠，並將實現「用機械人製造機械人」。據上海市經信委透露，ABB機械人超級工廠建成後，預計年產量將達到10萬台，帶動上海機械人產量翻一番。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/10/28/a11-1028.pdf
- Dufry AG is a Swiss-based travel retailer operating around 2,200 duty-free and duty-paid shops in airports, cruise lines, seaports, railway stations and central tourist areas. Dufry employs almost 29,000 people. The Company, headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, operates in over 60 countries worldwide.
- 一名自稱在英國倫敦希斯路機場第二航站樓免稅店打工的中國留學生，近日在網上爆料，指中國客人會被差別待遇，必須消費一千英鎊（約一萬零八百多港元）才能領取優惠券，而其他國籍客人只需付七十九英鎊（約八百五十多港元）。對此，管理希思路機場免稅店的Dufry集團發聲明，指公司已就此事展開調查。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180213/00178_014.html
- MICE
- MCI http://www.mci-group.com/, event coordination for kodw 2014
- Wellness Hostel 4000, http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1598828/swiss-youth-hostel-gives-budget-travellers-spa-treatment
- Kuoni Travel is a tourism company. It was founded in 1906 by the entrepreneur Alfred Kuoni.
- Alfred kuoni
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-02/kuoni-agrees-to-takeover-bid-from-swedish-buyout-company-eqt Founder Alfred Kuoni began a travel agency in Zurich in 1906 and offered its first tour to Egypt the next year. In 1925, he joined with partner Harry Hugentobler and began expanding into France and ...
- Samedi 30 juin 2012, Alfred Kuoni, le fils unique du fondateur du tour opérateur du même nom, s'est éteint à l'âge de 98 ans à Zurich en Suisse. Il aura présidé, de 1957 à 1992, la fondation Kuoni-Hugentobler qu'il avait créée et qui est titulaire de 25% des droits de vote du groupe qui contrôle le voyagiste suisse. http://www.tourmag.com/Kuoni-deces-d-Alfred-fils-unique-du-fondateur_a52777.html
- The Swiss company alleges that confidence in the leadership of the chairman, Daniel Affolter, was "destroyed due to the illegal drawing of millions of francs." Kuoni shares dropped as much as 3.5 percent to 738 francs in Zurich after the news was announced. The company said it would seek legal recourse from authorities in Zurich regarding the actions of a family-held foundation called Kuoni-Hugentobler and headed by Affolter. The foundation holds 6.3 percent of Kuoni's shares and controls 25 percent of its shareholder voting rights.
"The reasons for these demands and measures are respectively, repeated drawings of emoluments amounting to millions of Swiss francs which, in the opinion of the board of directors and the executive board, cannot be justified on ethical, legal or performance-related grounds," the Kuoni board said.
Affolter and Alfred Kuoni, grandson of the company's founder and vice-chairman of the foundation, called the board members' move an attempt to seize power. The foundation claims Kuoni's management is trying to neutralise a major shareholder to pave the way for a possible hostile takeover bid.http://money.cnn.com/2001/05/04/europe/kuoni/
VFS Global is an outsourcing and technology services specialist for governments and diplomatic missions worldwide. The company manages visa and passport issuance-related administrative and non-judgmental tasks for its client governments. VFS Global is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Kuoni Group, a public-listed company headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. The shareholding or governance structure of VFS Global has not been made public.
- http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/economy/article/2050817/hongkongers-can-soon-apply-japan-visas-new-application-centre
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20170903/00176_017.html大批赴英求學的香港學生申請英國簽證逾月仍未獲批，教育界立法會議員葉建源迄今已收到逾五百個求助個案，現正整理資料，再轉交英國駐香港總領事館跟進。葉建源昨透露，其中一名受影響學生早在八月一日申請「特快批核」（priority visa)，一般三至五日便可完成，以趕及於八月廿一日開始上課，但該名學生等候整整一個月，至前日才收到簽證，其學位已因未能如期赴英而被大學取消。她引述英國簽證移民署香港簽證中心負責人指，事件與近日颱風來襲有關，亂了申請次序，現未能確保申請者何時可獲發簽證。
- Finland was the first Schengen-area country to outsource the visa application reception to a VFS-operated centre.
The opening ceremony this morning was attended by media and travel business as well as representatives from other consulates-general.
Growing demand was the reason behind the outsourcing decision. The number of visa applicants to Nordic countries has increased six-fold in recent seven years, thanks to the intensifying business and tourism links. While Hong Kong and Macao passport holders do not need Schengen visa, the Visa Application Centre caters for many international citizens based here. https://www.facebook.com/ConsulateGeneralFinlandHongKongAndMacao/photos/pcb.1801839956549555/1801838873216330/
- aviation
- agrochemicals/seeds
- chemicals
- medical devices
- legal
- watches and clocks
- jewellery
- news/magazine
- media agency
- publisher
- printing
- education
- IT
- The University of Zurich was founded on April 29, 1833,[7] when the existing colleges of theology, the Carolinum founded by Huldrych Zwingli in 1525, law and medicine were merged with a new faculty of Philosophy. It was the first university in Europe to be founded by the state rather than a monarch or church. In the University's early years, the 1839 appointment of the German theologian David Friedrich Strauss to its Chair of Theology caused a major controversy, since Strauss argued that the miracles in the Christian New Testament were mythical retellings of normal events as supernatural happenings. Eventually, the authorities offered Strauss a pension before he had a chance to start his duties. The university allowed women to attend philosophy lectures from 1847, and admitted the first female doctoral student in 1866. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was added in 1901, the second-oldest such faculty in the world.
Industry
- bank
Trade and investment environment
- takeover law
- mercury
- animal
People
- Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (French: [kɔ̃stɑ̃]; 25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He was the author of a partly biographical psychological novel, Adolphe. He was a fervent liberal[1] of the early 19th century who influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and Liberalism in Brazil and Mexico.
- artist
Federal vote
- https://www.ch.ch/en/vote-30-11-2014/
Gold reserves
- http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1644119/swiss-gold-vote-worries-markets As Switzerland prepares to vote this month on whether to force the country's central bank to increase its gold reserves, economists warn a "Yes" vote could wreak havoc in financial markets. The "Save Switzerland's gold" initiative, which will be put to a referendum vote on November 30, would oblige the Swiss National Bank to boost its gold reserves to at least 20 per cent of its holdings, nearly three times more than the current level of 7 per cent.
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-26/swiss-offices-get-riskier-as-franc-surges-real-estate.html
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21640366-swiss-are-feeling-shocked-and-discombobulated-their-central-bank-shaken-not-stirred
Issuing money
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21693614-swiss-government-rejects-nationalisation-money-creation-shake-your-money
Hand out
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160131/00180_020.html 該國將於今年六月舉行公投，決定政府是否向所有國民提供二千五百瑞士法朗（約一萬九千港元）的基本收入，不論國民工作與否皆可獲得。一旦公投通過贊成提案，瑞士將成為全球首個以全國規模、無條件向所有國民提供收入的國家。這項極大膽的福利建議，是一個由作家、藝術家、知識分子及前官員等組成的組織提出。他們除建議政府每月向所有成年國民提供基本收入，每名兒童亦可獲六百二十五瑞士法朗（約四千多港元）的補助。政府估計，這項計劃每年成本高達二千零八十億瑞士法朗（逾一萬五千八百億港元）。一旦實行，其中一千五百三十億瑞士法朗由稅收支持，其餘五百五十億瑞士法朗則由社會保障及援助金撥出。
immigration policy
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/12/switzerland-votes-immigrants-citizenship-rights-islamophobia
national flag
- The white cross has been used as the field sign (attached to the clothing of combatants and to the cantonal war flags in the form of strips of linen) of the Old Swiss Confederacy since its formation in the late 13th or early 14th century. Its symbolism was described by the Swiss Federal Council in 1889 as representing "at the same the Christian cross symbol and the field sign of the Old Confederacy".[2] As a national ensign, it was first used in 1800 during the Hundred Days by general Niklaus Franz von Bachmann, and as regimental flag of all cantonal troops from 1841. The federal coat of arms (eidgenössisches Wappen) was defined in 1815 for the Restored Confederacy as the white-on-red Swiss cross in a heraldic shield. The current design was used together with a cross composed of five squares until 1889, when its dimensions were officially set.The Swiss flag is one of only two square sovereign-state flags, the other being the flag of Vatican City.While the proportions of the cross have been fixed since 1889, the size of the cross relative to the flag (the width of the margin separating the cross couped from the edge of the flag) had not been officially fixed prior to 2017.The shade of red used in the flag was not defined by law prior to 2017.
cultural/heritage tourism
- The Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) is a ski mountaineering race organised every two years by the Swiss Armed Forces, in which military and civilian teams compete. It takes place once every two years at the end of April, in the south part of the canton of Valais below the summits of the Pennine Alps.
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-countries-in-which-the-official-or-national-language-is-not-spoken-by-the-majority-of-its-population most people here in the German part of Switzerland only reluctantly will speak standard German. And many are not really good at it. We speak dialect here. A whole bunch of different dialects, to make matters more complcated.
folklore
- https://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/myths-and-legends-switzerland
literature
- children books
History
- Significant amounts of artefacts of theMagdalenian (c. 16'000 to 14'000 years ago) have been excavated near Olten. There are also finds dated to the Mesolithic and Neolithic, but there is no trace of a settlement, and no ceramic finds; finds dating to the Bronze and Iron Ages are also rather limited. There was avicus at the site during the Roman era. The name of the settlement is not known, but it seems to have been of a certain importance, presumably reflecting the presence of a bridge across the Aar River. The Roman settlement was probably destroyed in the later 3rd century. At the end of the 3rd century, a fortification was built at the bridge-head, on the south-eastern corner of the earlier vicus. This fortress was abandoned in the 4th century, and later replaced by a larger castle, comparable to late Roman fortresses protecting crossings of the Aar at Solothurn and Brugg. The medieval settlement was built on the foundations of the Roman castle. It is first mentioned in 1201, as Oltun(conjectured as continuing an *Olodunum, with the Gaulish suffix dunum"fort", and a prefix olo-, possibly from a hydronym, thus "river-fort").[3] It was in possession of the counts of Frohburg in the 13th century, passing to Kyburgin 1377 and to Habsburg in 1384. Olten passed under the administration of Basel in 1407, which invested in infrastructure, which was however destroyed in fires in 1411 and 1422. Basel lost interest in rebuilding the town again after the 1422 fire, and sold the settlement to Solothurn in 1426. Throughout the medieval period, Olten was little more than a fortified bridge-head with some services (blacksmiths, taverns); its total population is estimated to about 500 people for the year 1600. Olten lost its city rights in 1653 as punishment for its support of the rebels in the Swiss Peasant War. This resulted in a lasting tradition of resistance against authority in Olten, and the town welcomed as liberators the French troops in the 1798 invasion. In 1814, Solothurn suppressed another rebellion of Olten patriots against theSwiss Restauration.
- The Old Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: Alte Eidgenossenschaft; historically Eidgenossenschaft, after the Reformation also République des Suisses, Res publica Helvetiorum "Republic of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (cantons, German Orte or Stände) within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland. It formed during the 14th century, from a nucleus in what is now Central Switzerland, expanding to include the cities of Zürich and Berneby the middle of the century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban communes, all of which enjoyed imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire. This confederation of eight cantons (Acht Orte) was politically and militarily successful for more than a century, culminating in the Burgundy Wars of the 1470s which established it as a power in the complicated political landscape dominated by France and the Habsburgs. Its success resulted in the addition of more confederates, increasing the number of cantons to thirteen (Dreizehn Orte) by 1513. The confederacy pledged neutrality in 1647 (under the threat of the Thirty Years' War), although many Swiss served privately as mercenaries in the Italian Wars and during the Early Modern period. After the Swabian War of 1499 the confederacy was a de facto independent state throughout the early modern period, although still nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1648. The Swiss Reformation divided the confederates into Reformed and Catholic parties, resulting in internal conflict from the 16th to the 18th centuries; as a result, the federal diet (Tagsatzung) was often paralysed by hostility between the factions. The Swiss Confederacy fell to invasion by the French Revolutionary Army in 1798, after which it became the short-lived Helvetic Republic.
- In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud). The French invaded Switzerland and turned it into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic." The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place.[1][2] Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic bastions, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. The French Army suppressed the uprisings but support for revolutionary ideals steadily declined, as the Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, the new taxes, the centralization and the hostility to religion. Nonetheless, there were long-term impacts.[3] The Republic being named Helvetic after the Helvetii, the Gaulish inhabitants of the Swiss Plateau in antiquity, was not an innovation; rather, the Swiss Confederacy had occasionally been dubbed Republica Helvetiorum in humanist Latin since the 17th century, and Helvetia, the Swiss national allegory, made her first appearance in 1672.
- vistajet
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2015-07/22/content_21374879.htm Switzerland-based VistaJet, a company specializing in premium long-range private jet travel, andits Chinese partner will start offering point-to-point services in China by the third quarter of thisyear, making it the first global private aviation company to operate large-cabin business aircraftin China, sources said. On Tuesday, VistaJet said that Apex Air, a business jet operator authorized by the Civil AviationAdministration of China, will manage and operate its China-based fleet of aircraft, and Chinesecustomers will have access to VistaJet's large-cabin, long-range Bombardier Challenger 850,their first China-registered aircraft. According to Thomas Flohr, VistaJet founder and chairman, more than 15,000 flights have beenoperated by VistaJet so far this year, and the Zurich-headquartered company is looking toachieve double-digit growth in its China business in the coming 12 months.
- solar impulse, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/f8f11adc-44a8-11e4-bce8-00144feabdc0.html The Solar Impulse 2 has an average speed of about 60 miles per hour and a wingspan wider than a Boeing 747. The upper surfaces are clad in solar panels, and batteries provide power at night.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-04/07/content_24343530.htm BB Group, a Zurich-based electricity and automation solution provider, sees greatopportunities in China's clean-energy incorporation and micro grid drive, accordingto the company's top executive. "China has determined its goals in carbon dioxide reduction. This goal is going togenerate large investment in a lot of sectors," said Claudio Facchin, president ofpower grids division of ABB. The company offers technologies for clean-energyincorporation into the conventional grid in large and small scale, said Facchin. According to Facchin, the company's high-voltage direct-current technology is ableto ensure stable and cost-effective long-distance electricity transfer. ABB has participated in the Xiangjiaba-Shanghai electricity transmission route,which covers nearly 2,000 kilometers from Chongqing to 24 million users inShanghai, using HVDC technology.
- agrochemicals/seeds
- syngenta http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2015-06/08/content_20938029.htm China has long controlled its staple grain import quota to ensure food security. But the nation's agricultural sector is welcoming high-end farming products from Europe. Syngenta AG, the largest European producer of hybrid seeds and crop protection products, is just one of the foreign companies contributing to China's agricultural development. Christoph Maeder, member of the executive board of Syngenta AG, said: "We are ... developing new technology which should enable farmers, together with the right agronomic knowledge, to really improve productivity, and thereby also producing more sustainable farming methods." China's food security needs an integrated and comprehensive approach that includes international cooperation, infrastructure investment and education, as well as science and technology, Maeder said. He was speaking at the Swiss pavilion at Milan Expo 2015, which has food security and renewable energy as its themes.
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-12/chemchina-is-said-to-be-in-talks-to-acquire-syngenta Two and a half months after fending off a $46 billion bid from Monsanto Co., Switzerland’s Syngenta AG is back in play -- this time from China. China National Chemical Corp. is in talks to buy the pesticide maker in what would be the largest acquisition ever by a Chinese company, people with knowledge of the matter said. Syngenta shares gained the most in six months.
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-02/chemchina-said-near-deal-to-buy-syngenta-for-record-43-billion China National Chemical Corp. is nearing an agreement to buy Swiss pesticide-and-seeds-maker Syngenta AG for about 43.7 billion francs ($42.8 billion) as the state-backed company extends its buying spree with what would be the biggest-ever acquisition by a Chinese firm, said people familiar with the matter. ChemChina, as the state-owned company is known, offered about 470 francs a share in cash and a deal could be announced as early as Wednesday when the Swiss company reports earnings, the people said, asking not to be named as the details aren’t public. That’s 24 percent higher than Syngenta’s last close of 378.40 francs on Feb. 1. Its shares rose 3.7 percent to close at 392.3 francs in Zurich. The deal would help Chairman Ren Jianxin transform ChemChina into the world’s biggest supplier of pesticides and agrochemicals, while snatching an asset coveted by St. Louis-based Monsanto Co. It also underscores the importance China attaches to owning seed and cropcare technology that can boost agricultural output and help feed the world’s biggest population. Representatives for ChemChina and Syngenta declined to comment. Final talks are ongoing and could still fall apart or be delayed, the people said. At $43 billion, a successful purchase would be the largest acquisition by a Chinese firm, surpassing China Unicom Hong Kong Ltd.’s $29 billion purchase of China Netcom Group Corp. in 2008, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-14/chemchina-said-to-add-time-for-u-s-to-review-syngenta-deal
- http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-06/09/content_29678925.htm
China National Chemical Corp, known as ChemChina, has completed the second settlement of its tender offers for Basel-based Syngenta AG, increasing its stake to 94.7 percent, the group announced on Thursday. ChemChina plans to delist Syngenta's shares on the Zurich-based SIX Swiss Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange as soon as permitted by law and applicable regulations, the group said in a statement on Thursday.
- chemicals
- clariant
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-06/18/content_21037289.htm Clariant Ltd, the Swiss specialty chemicals company, is vowing to help China movetoward a more sustainable future. Jan Kreibaum, the company's regional president for greater China and South Korea,said its growth plan is very much in line with the government's "Made in China2025" strategy. "We are committed to responding to the new mega trends in China and contributingour know-how to support the country in achieving its sustainable development
- U.S.-based Huntsman Corp (HUN.N) and Switzerland's Clariant AG (CLN.S) are combining to create a chemical manufacturer with a market value of about $14 billion, the deal coming together after years of tentative mutual approaches. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-clariant-m-a-huntsman-idUSKBN18I0GS
- Ineos - http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ebac896c-2a29-11e5-8613-e7aedbb7bdb7.html ineos, the European refining and petrochemicals company, is close to reaching a settlement with Sinopec, after threatening to take the Chinese state-owned oil group to court over an intellectual property dispute.
- Sika
- biotech
- Actelion is a pharmaceuticals and bio-technology company established in December 1997, headquartered in Allschwil near Basel in Switzerland.[2] Its CEO and co-founder is cardiologist Jean-Paul Clozel.
- Lonza Group is a Swiss multinational,chemicals and biotechnology company, head-quartered in Basel, with R&D centres in Belgium, France, Germany, Spain, U.K., Singapore, United States and Genome Valley, India.
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG is a Swiss multinational healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has bearer shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel.The company controls the American biotechnology company Genentech, which is a wholly owned affiliate, and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals, as well as the United States-based Ventana.
- A pilot project to reduce the rate of breast cancer and treat patients with proper medical care in poor areas of China will be launched with support from Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical Ltd.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2018-03/22/content_35895111.htm
- Sonova Group, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2014-10/24/content_18794391.htm Despite being the world's largest hearing care services provider, the Switzerland-based SonovaGroup believes that it has its task cut out in China, especially to sustain growth on a long-termbasis
- Givaudan (pronounced [ʒivodɑ̃]) is a Swiss manufacturer of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients. As of 2008, it is the world's largest company in the flavour and fragrance industries.Givaudan was founded as a perfumery company in 1895 in Lyon France by Leon and Xavier Givaudan, although some parts of the modern company date back as far as 1796. In 1898 Givaudan moved to Geneva (Switzerland) and constructed a factory in Vernier.[9][10][11]In 1946, Givaudan opened a perfumery school, which trained a third of the world’s creative perfumers. In 1948 the company acquired Ersolko SA, which transitioned Givaudan also into the flavor industry.[12] In 1963, Givaudan was acquired by Roche and in 1964, Roche acquired one of Givaudan's competitors, Roure. Roure was founded in Grasse, France during 1820. In 1937 Roure created the first designer perfume: Schocking for Schiaparelli.[13][14] Givaudan's original United States fragrance headquarters, in Teaneck, New Jersey, was built in 1972 from a design by Der Scutt, architect of the Trump Tower.[15] The company later moved to East Hanover, NJ.In 1991 Givaudan and Roure were merged to form Givaudan-Roure.[17] Also in 1991, the company bought Fritzsche, Dodge and Olcott.[12] In 1997 Givaudan-Roure acquired another flavor company, Tastemaker, based in Cincinnati (USA). The merger made Givaudan the largest flavor company in the world.[12] In 2000 Givaudan-Roure was spun off by Roche as Givaudan and listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange (Code GIVN.VX) where it is part of the SLI.
- legal
- Dentons http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a70f0cb2-a225-11e4-aba2-00144feab7de.html Dentons plans to merge with one of China’s biggest law firms to create the largest global law firm by attorney headcount, in a bid to provide legal services to Chinese companies that are increasingly looking overseas for expansion. Dentons itself is the product of a 2012 merger between three law firms — US-based SNR Denton, Canada’s Fraser Milner Casgrain and Paris-headquartered Salans. That merger is also a Swiss verein tie-up which is a brand-share rather than a profit-share. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-01/28/content_19425514.htm, http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1693146/dentons-dacheng-sign-merger-create-worlds-biggest-law-firm
- watches and clocks
- Patek Philippe & Co. (PP) is a Swiss watch manufacturer founded in 1851, located in Geneva and the Vallée de Joux.
- journalist nicholas foulkes book on patek philippe
- jewellery
- Adler
- Chopard
- Gubelin
- Avakian
- arts
- Participated at splendour of russia dinner 2015
- Hauser & Wirth is an international gallery devoted to contemporary and modern art, founded in Switzerland by Iwan and Manuela Wirth and Ursula Hauser in 1992. It is now a global enterprise, with spaces in Zurich, London, New York and Somerset, and is due to open in Los Angelesin 2016. The gallery represents almost 60 established and emerging artists, including Mark Bradford, Christoph Büchel, Roni Horn, Paul McCarthy and Pipilotti Rist, and is responsible for artist estates and foundations including the Louise Bourgeois Studio, the Estate of Philip Guston, the Eva Hesse Estate, Allan Kaprow Estate, Mike Kelley Foundation for the Arts, the Estate of Jason Rhoades and the Dieter RothEstate. Hauser & Wirth has been cited by The Financial Times as "the marketplace of ideas".[1]Iwan Wirth and Manuela Wirth were jointly ranked as the number 1 most powerful and influential figures in the art world in ArtReview's "Power 100" in 2015, after Iwan Wirth was previously listed third in 2013 and 2014. The New York Times described Wirth as "one of the most powerful players in contemporary art".
- https://www.geneve-encheres.ch/
- The RTS Radio Télévision Suisse is a Swiss public broadcasting organisation, part of SRG SSR. RTS handles production and broadcasting of radio and television programming in French for Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2010 by a merger of Radio suisse romande and Télévision suisse romande. The first evening programme to be broadcast in colour on Télévision suisse romande was broadcast in 1968.
- news/magazine
- Edipresse www.edipressemedia.com, jointly owned GMT publishing which publishes various watches and clocks magazines
- media agency
- http://www.infrontsports.com/, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/25/infrontmedia-sale-idUSL2N0TF03820141125, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/57d660e8-7401-11e4-82a6-00144feabdc0.html At least two Chinese groups are weighing bids for Infront Media, the Swiss sports marketing group run by the nephew of embattled Fifa president Sepp Blatter, in the latest sign of China’s growing appetite for European companies.
- Goal
- https://www.ft.com/content/ce212a22-ce6c-11e6-864f-20dcb35cede2
Head of the Swiss ad agency, Goal AG, Mr Segert has for years designed campaigns for the ultra-conservative Swiss People’s Party (SVP), as well as the rightwing populist Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ). Now he’s branching out, selling his provocative brand of political PR in a much bigger market — Germany. He is doing so at a pivotal moment in modern German history, with Angela Merkel facing an unprecedented challenge from the upstart, anti-immigration Alternative for Germany as she seeks a fourth term as chancellor in elections next year. The AfD’s popularity has soared on the back of growing public disenchantment with Ms Merkel’s open-door refugee policy. Mr Segert is convinced thatimmigration will play as big a role in the German elections as it did in campaigning for the Brexit referendum and the US presidential race.
- publisher
- Faksimile Verlag Luzern
- [futurelearn] production of the first complete full-colour copy of the Book of Kells in 1990
- printing
- http://skygroup.pro/en/about/ In 2009, the first 100 printers of our own production were sold out.
Continuing the development of printing technology, the company opens first art centers of the future SUN Studio franchise network. - Note the sun studio of russia (barbara Kukhno)
- www.primadom.ch
- exhibited in hk's property shows
- education
- EF Education First was founded in 1965 by Bertil Hult in the Swedish university town of Lund. The company is privately held by the Hult family and is headquartered in Lucerne, Switzerland, testing times for english teaching firm as it taps examination market http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-10/09/content_18709155.htm EF Education First announced that it will offer a standardized English test it claims is the first of its kind. After four years of research and development, EFSET, as the test is called, is designed to standon par with such proficiency tests as TOEFL and IELTS. The test is being offered for free in order to "support ongoing tracking of a student's learning".
- crypto ag
- 美國及德國傳媒昨日揭發，美國中央情報局(CIA)及德國聯邦情報局(BND)自1970年代開始，透過秘密控制瑞士加密通訊設備公司Crypto AG的運作，竊取全球超過120個國家政府的加密通訊內容，包括伊朗、印度、巴基斯坦及南美多國，前蘇聯及中國則因早已懷疑Crypto AG與美國的關係，從沒採用該公司的設備而避過被監控。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2020/02/12/a24-0212.pdf
- IT
- temenos
- 總部在日內瓦的銀行IT軟件商Temenos上周接受本報專訪，坦言早在人行引入浮動利率時，有內地銀行便要求升級IT系統。他又分享對香港金融科技行業（FinTech）的看法，認為本港發展FinTech落後內地，或因為金融機構難獲消費者信任，而銀行在這方面有天然優勢，有機會引領本港FinTech發展。在瑞士上市的Temenos於大中華區有25個客戶，包括永隆銀行，上海銀行、招商銀行（3968）、民生銀行（1988）等，亦有資產管理公司，如亞洲金融合作聯盟（AFCA）。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/11/09/b02-1109.pdf
- ALSO Holding is Europe's third largest (after Ingram Micro and Tech Data), broad line information technology, consumer electronics and telecommunications (ICT) distributor.
- The University of Zurich was founded on April 29, 1833,[7] when the existing colleges of theology, the Carolinum founded by Huldrych Zwingli in 1525, law and medicine were merged with a new faculty of Philosophy. It was the first university in Europe to be founded by the state rather than a monarch or church. In the University's early years, the 1839 appointment of the German theologian David Friedrich Strauss to its Chair of Theology caused a major controversy, since Strauss argued that the miracles in the Christian New Testament were mythical retellings of normal events as supernatural happenings. Eventually, the authorities offered Strauss a pension before he had a chance to start his duties. The university allowed women to attend philosophy lectures from 1847, and admitted the first female doctoral student in 1866. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was added in 1901, the second-oldest such faculty in the world.
- initiated international healthy aging science network
Industry
- bank
- http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1679806/switzerland-takes-first-steps-end-bank-secrecy-draft-laws
- http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1694338/switzerland-aiming-become-global-dats-vault
- three companies from vaud region - francois louis cailler, daniel peter (his son in law) who was from moudon and kohler merged and teamed up with nestle (based in vevey) to invent swiss milk chocolate, using nestle's condensed milk.
- [cherie carter-scott] from 1900 to 1967, the swiss were the leading watchmakers in the world. In 1967, when the digital technology was patented by the swiss, they rejected it in favor of the traditional ball bearings, gears and mainsprings they had been using to make watches for decades. Howefer, the world was ready for this advance, and seiko, a japanese company, picked up the digital patnet and became the leading watch manufacturers in the world almost overnight. 50000 of 67000 swiss watchmakers went out of business because they refused to embrace this new tech. It was not until years later that the swiss caught up and regained their position in the marketplace with the creation of swatch watches.
Trade and investment environment
- takeover law
- http://www.economist.com/news/business/21644173-controversial-takeover-attempt-has-exposed-gap-shareholders-rights-avalanche-alps Switzerland has a rule, similar to those in other European countries, by which any investor who gains more than one-third of the voting rights in a company must offer to buy out the remaining shareholders, at the same price or better. (America has no explicit mandatory-bid rule but outside investors have much scope to sue if they feel short-changed.) However, unlike in other places, there is a loophole as wide as the Gotthard tunnel: a firm can opt out of this rule if shareholders vote to amend its articles of association. Such an opt-out had already been approved at Sika, just as it has been at 58 other quoted Swiss firms.
- http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swissness-test_tighter-rules-for--made-in-switzerland--label-by-2017/41639236 Despite opposition from business associations, the Swiss cabinet approved the “Swissness legislation” on Wednesday that aims to tighten rules over the use of the “Made in Switzerland” designation as well as the Swiss cross. Arguments from Swiss businesses that it would hurt competitiveness of their products because of the strong franc did not stop the cabinet from approving the Swissness legislation passed by parliament on June 13, 2013. The legislation which comes into force from January 1, 2017 clearly spells out the conditions under which businesses can claim their products as being Swiss made. Agricultural produce of plant and animal origin (including milk and milk products) need to be 100% domestic in order to use the Swiss label while for food products 80% of the raw material must be sourced within Switzerland. The legislation also allows exceptions in certain cases where raw material is sourced from the border zones of Pays de Gex and the Haute Savoie region. Other border zones will count only if they have been managed by Swiss farmers since January 2014. Water was a bone of contention, as the government did not want a scenario where companies could simply add Swiss water to their recipe and call the final product Swiss. However, Swiss brewers would not be in a position to produce “Swiss beer” if water is not taken into account. As a compromise, it was decided that Swiss water would count towards Swissness only if it confers essential characteristics of the product and is not used for dilution. Special provisions have also been made for products like coffee and dark chocolate where the ingredients are not available in Switzerland. For such products, companies will be allowed to claim Swiss origin provided they are completely processed in Switzerland. Milk chocolate on the other hand must fulfill conditions for indigenous raw materials (Swiss milk) to claim Swiss origin. Industrial goods can claim to be made in Switzerland if at least 60% of the production costs are realised in the country. There will also be the possibility of registering non-agricultural “geographical indications of source” in a new register such as “Genève” for watches or “Valais” for mineral water. Swiss businesses are not obliged to adopt the made in Switzerland label but those that do must meet the conditions laid down by the new legislation.The Swiss cabinet is also examining a proposal submitted by the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry to tighten rules regarding the use of the word “Swiss” by watch brands. The watch industry association doesn’t just want 60% of the production costs to be realised in the country but is also demanding that the technical development of the watch and the watch movement must also be done in Switzerland to merit a Swiss label.
- economist 20oct18 "elmer thud" a court ruling knocks another hole in switzerland's banking secrecy laws
- mercury
- The government has imposed a control system to oversee the trade in mercury - a neurotoxin which can cause serious health problems – but has stopped short of an immediate outright ban. Subject to approval by the Federal Environmental Office, exports of mercury dental amalgam will be permitted until the end of 2027, a government statement said. The deadline for other mercury exports, for electric discharge lamps and welding machines, was set for the end of 2020. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/environment_swiss-government-sets-deadline-for-mercury-ban/43623796
- animal
- 瑞士政府上周發布保護動物新規定，包括全面禁止餐廳蒸煮活龍蝦，今年三月一日生效。新規定引來餐飲業不滿，不少廚師認為活煮龍蝦最鮮味。http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20180116/00180_030.html
People
- Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (French: [kɔ̃stɑ̃]; 25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He was the author of a partly biographical psychological novel, Adolphe. He was a fervent liberal[1] of the early 19th century who influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and Liberalism in Brazil and Mexico.
- artist
- Jost Amman (June 13, 1539 – March 17, 1591) was a Swiss-German artist, celebrated chiefly for his woodcuts, done mainly for book illustrations. Amman was born in Zürich, the son of a professor of Classics and Logic. He was himself well-educated. Little of his personal history is known beyond the fact that he moved to Nuremberg in 1560, where took on citizenship and continued to reside until his death in March 1591.A series of engravings by Amman of the kings of France, with short biographies, appeared in Frankfurt in 1576. He also executed many of the woodcut illustrations for the Bible published at Frankfurt by Sigismund Feierabend, and for a topographical survey of Bavaria by Philipp Apian.[1] Another serial work, the Panoplia Omnium Liberalium Mechanicarum et Seden-tariarum Artium Genera Continens, containing 115 plates, is of great value. Amman's drawing is correct and spirited, and his delineation of the details of costume is minute and accurate.
Federal vote
- https://www.ch.ch/en/vote-30-11-2014/
Gold reserves
- http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1644119/swiss-gold-vote-worries-markets As Switzerland prepares to vote this month on whether to force the country's central bank to increase its gold reserves, economists warn a "Yes" vote could wreak havoc in financial markets. The "Save Switzerland's gold" initiative, which will be put to a referendum vote on November 30, would oblige the Swiss National Bank to boost its gold reserves to at least 20 per cent of its holdings, nearly three times more than the current level of 7 per cent.
It would also require the bank to stop selling its gold and repatriate reserves held in Canada and Britain to ensure all of its holdings of the precious metal were stored within Switzerland.
Impact of scrapping currency cap- http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-26/swiss-offices-get-riskier-as-franc-surges-real-estate.html
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21640366-swiss-are-feeling-shocked-and-discombobulated-their-central-bank-shaken-not-stirred
Issuing money
- http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21693614-swiss-government-rejects-nationalisation-money-creation-shake-your-money
Hand out
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20160131/00180_020.html 該國將於今年六月舉行公投，決定政府是否向所有國民提供二千五百瑞士法朗（約一萬九千港元）的基本收入，不論國民工作與否皆可獲得。一旦公投通過贊成提案，瑞士將成為全球首個以全國規模、無條件向所有國民提供收入的國家。這項極大膽的福利建議，是一個由作家、藝術家、知識分子及前官員等組成的組織提出。他們除建議政府每月向所有成年國民提供基本收入，每名兒童亦可獲六百二十五瑞士法朗（約四千多港元）的補助。政府估計，這項計劃每年成本高達二千零八十億瑞士法朗（逾一萬五千八百億港元）。一旦實行，其中一千五百三十億瑞士法朗由稅收支持，其餘五百五十億瑞士法朗則由社會保障及援助金撥出。
immigration policy
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/12/switzerland-votes-immigrants-citizenship-rights-islamophobia
national flag
- The white cross has been used as the field sign (attached to the clothing of combatants and to the cantonal war flags in the form of strips of linen) of the Old Swiss Confederacy since its formation in the late 13th or early 14th century. Its symbolism was described by the Swiss Federal Council in 1889 as representing "at the same the Christian cross symbol and the field sign of the Old Confederacy".[2] As a national ensign, it was first used in 1800 during the Hundred Days by general Niklaus Franz von Bachmann, and as regimental flag of all cantonal troops from 1841. The federal coat of arms (eidgenössisches Wappen) was defined in 1815 for the Restored Confederacy as the white-on-red Swiss cross in a heraldic shield. The current design was used together with a cross composed of five squares until 1889, when its dimensions were officially set.The Swiss flag is one of only two square sovereign-state flags, the other being the flag of Vatican City.While the proportions of the cross have been fixed since 1889, the size of the cross relative to the flag (the width of the margin separating the cross couped from the edge of the flag) had not been officially fixed prior to 2017.The shade of red used in the flag was not defined by law prior to 2017.
cultural/heritage tourism
- The Patrouille des Glaciers (PDG) is a ski mountaineering race organised every two years by the Swiss Armed Forces, in which military and civilian teams compete. It takes place once every two years at the end of April, in the south part of the canton of Valais below the summits of the Pennine Alps.
- Argentière is a picturesque skiing, alpine walking and mountaineering village in the French Alps, part of the commune of Chamonix Mont Blanc. L'église Saint-Pierre d'Argentière date du xviiie siècle2. Elle est une des plus belles églises de style baroque, caractéristique de l'époque où de duché de Savoie était culturellement tournée vers l'Italie du Nord où travaillaient de nombreux ouvriers saisonniers originaires de la vallée de Chamonix. Le magnifique tabernacle doré fut commandé et transporté par le col du Grand Saint Bernard depuis Venise. On remarquera aussi le beau tableau de l'Adoration des rois mages placé au-dessus du maître autel. Les statues baroques sont caractéristiques de la piété de l'époque, avec des statues de saint François de Sales ( 1567-1622) évêque d'Annecy, humaniste chrétien auteur du traité de l'Amour de Dieu( 1616) et de sainte Jeanne de Chantal, fondatrice en 1612 de l'ordre religieux des Visitandines originaire d'Annecy. Au xviiie siècle, Argentière dépendait du prieuré bénédictin de Chamonix. L'ancien presbytère a été acquis par la Mairie.
- to kiv other stops/places of the route e.g. mayan de pas??
- https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-countries-in-which-the-official-or-national-language-is-not-spoken-by-the-majority-of-its-population most people here in the German part of Switzerland only reluctantly will speak standard German. And many are not really good at it. We speak dialect here. A whole bunch of different dialects, to make matters more complcated.
Any of those dialects are very hard for Germans to understand, who do not live in the far south and southwest of Germany, on the border with Switzerland. Swiss German is almost as different from German as Dutch is different from German. The only reason why the Swiss have not made Swiss German the official language for that part of the country is the fact that we will never agree on WHICH kind of Swiss German to choose. There is considerable effort going on at schools to get that Standard German proficiency level up here in Switzerland. In the German speaking parts! In western Switzerland, where they speak French, people learn Standard German - only to get frustrated when they find out that they STILL cannot understand the people from across the language frontier.
- https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Swiss-French-so-similar-to-Standard-French-but-Swiss-German-so-different-from-Standard-German
- https://www.quora.com/Why-doesnt-a-multilingual-country-like-Switzerland-adopt-English-for-official-purposes-while-the-citizenry-can-speak-French-German-Italian-or-Romansh-at-home
- romansch
- https://www.houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/society/allegra-look-romansh-switzerlands-fourth-language A number of initiatives are coordinated by the Lia Rumantscha, the entity that promotes this language and that is largely financed by the Swiss Confederation and the Canton of Graubünden. These include Romansh classes for Portuguese-speaking immigrants, to help them assimilate in Graubünden and encourage the use of this language. Microsoft Office was translated in 2006, allowing Romansh speakers to compose texts with the aid of spell checking based on Rumantsch Grischun. Writers, singers and rappers also produce works in their dialect.
folklore
- https://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/myths-and-legends-switzerland
literature
- children books
- Schellen-Ursli is a Swiss classic story for children about a Spring celebration in Engadine in Switzerland. His original name is Uorsin and the author of this Romansch-Swiss picture-book is Selina Chönz and the illustrations are made by the famous Swiss painter Alois Carigiet.It is a story in rhyme scheme about a little boy named Ursli, who lives in the Swiss Alps. His village is preparing the Chalanda-Marz procession (on the first of March), where Engadine children parade through the towns ringing cowbells to drive out the Winter and welcome the Spring. The boy with the biggest cowbell is supposed to lead the procession. When he goes to Uncle Gian’s farmhouse with the other boys, he gets the smallest bell of all! Determined not to be the laughing stock of the village, Ursli treks to his family’s summer hut up in the mountains where he knows that he can find a large cowbell instead. He spends a lonely, scary night. – When he comes back the next morning with the biggest cowbell in the whole village, he is the leader of the procession and everyone is happy that he is back.
History
- Significant amounts of artefacts of theMagdalenian (c. 16'000 to 14'000 years ago) have been excavated near Olten. There are also finds dated to the Mesolithic and Neolithic, but there is no trace of a settlement, and no ceramic finds; finds dating to the Bronze and Iron Ages are also rather limited. There was avicus at the site during the Roman era. The name of the settlement is not known, but it seems to have been of a certain importance, presumably reflecting the presence of a bridge across the Aar River. The Roman settlement was probably destroyed in the later 3rd century. At the end of the 3rd century, a fortification was built at the bridge-head, on the south-eastern corner of the earlier vicus. This fortress was abandoned in the 4th century, and later replaced by a larger castle, comparable to late Roman fortresses protecting crossings of the Aar at Solothurn and Brugg. The medieval settlement was built on the foundations of the Roman castle. It is first mentioned in 1201, as Oltun(conjectured as continuing an *Olodunum, with the Gaulish suffix dunum"fort", and a prefix olo-, possibly from a hydronym, thus "river-fort").[3] It was in possession of the counts of Frohburg in the 13th century, passing to Kyburgin 1377 and to Habsburg in 1384. Olten passed under the administration of Basel in 1407, which invested in infrastructure, which was however destroyed in fires in 1411 and 1422. Basel lost interest in rebuilding the town again after the 1422 fire, and sold the settlement to Solothurn in 1426. Throughout the medieval period, Olten was little more than a fortified bridge-head with some services (blacksmiths, taverns); its total population is estimated to about 500 people for the year 1600. Olten lost its city rights in 1653 as punishment for its support of the rebels in the Swiss Peasant War. This resulted in a lasting tradition of resistance against authority in Olten, and the town welcomed as liberators the French troops in the 1798 invasion. In 1814, Solothurn suppressed another rebellion of Olten patriots against theSwiss Restauration.
- The Old Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: Alte Eidgenossenschaft; historically Eidgenossenschaft, after the Reformation also République des Suisses, Res publica Helvetiorum "Republic of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (cantons, German Orte or Stände) within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland. It formed during the 14th century, from a nucleus in what is now Central Switzerland, expanding to include the cities of Zürich and Berneby the middle of the century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban communes, all of which enjoyed imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire. This confederation of eight cantons (Acht Orte) was politically and militarily successful for more than a century, culminating in the Burgundy Wars of the 1470s which established it as a power in the complicated political landscape dominated by France and the Habsburgs. Its success resulted in the addition of more confederates, increasing the number of cantons to thirteen (Dreizehn Orte) by 1513. The confederacy pledged neutrality in 1647 (under the threat of the Thirty Years' War), although many Swiss served privately as mercenaries in the Italian Wars and during the Early Modern period. After the Swabian War of 1499 the confederacy was a de facto independent state throughout the early modern period, although still nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1648. The Swiss Reformation divided the confederates into Reformed and Catholic parties, resulting in internal conflict from the 16th to the 18th centuries; as a result, the federal diet (Tagsatzung) was often paralysed by hostility between the factions. The Swiss Confederacy fell to invasion by the French Revolutionary Army in 1798, after which it became the short-lived Helvetic Republic.
- note the The "Swiss Bull" (Der Schweitzer Stier), horns decorated with a wreath showing the coats of arms of the Thirteen Cantons of the Confederacy (1584)
- The First War of Kappel (Erster Kappelerkrieg) was an armed conflict in 1529 between the Protestant and the Catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland. It ended, without any battle having been fought, with the first peace of Kappel (Erster Landfriede). Under the lead of Huldrych Zwingli, the Protestant canton and city of Zürich had concluded with other Protestant cantons a defence alliance, the Christliches Burgrecht, which also included the free imperial cities of Konstanz and Strasbourg. The Catholic cantons in response had formed an alliance with Ferdinand of Austria. Conflicts between the two sides arose also over the situation in the common territories, especially the Thurgau, where the administration changed bi-annually between cantons and which thus switched between Catholic and Protestant rules. Several mediation attempts failed, such as the disputation of Baden in 1526. The peace agreement (Erster Landfriede) was not exactly favourable for the Catholic party, who had to dissolve its alliance with the Austrian Habsburgs. The tensions remained essentially unresolved, and would flare again in the Second War of Kappel two years later.
- The Second War of Kappel (Zweiter Kappelerkrieg) was an armed conflict in 1531 between the Protestant and the Roman Catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland. The peace that ended the war, the so-called Zweiter Landfrieden (Second Territorial Peace) forced the dissolution of the Protestant alliance. It gave Catholicism the priority in the common territories, but allowed communes or parishes that had already converted to remain Protestant. Only strategically important places such as the Freiamt or those along the route from Schwyz to the Rhine valley at Sargans (and thus to the alpine passes in the Grisons) were forcibly re-catholicised. One result of the treaty—probably not anticipated by its signatories—was the long-term establishment of religious coexistence in several Swiss subject territories. In both the Thurgau and Aargau, for example, Catholic and Protestant congregations began worshiping in the same churches, which led to further tensions and conflicts throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The treaty also confirmed each canton's right to practice either the Catholic or Reformed faith, thus defining the Swiss Confederation as a state with two religions,[1] a relative novelty in Western Europe. The outcome of the war also confirmed and cemented the Catholic majority among the thirteen full members of the Swiss Confederation: after later settlements in Glarus and Appenzell, seven full and two half cantons remained Catholic (Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, and half of Glarus and Appenzell), while four and two halves became firmly Swiss Reformed Protestant (Zurich, Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen, and half of Glarus and Appenzell). An unsuccessful effort by the Protestant cantons, especially Zürich, to change the terms of confessional coexistence in 1656, the First War of Villmergen, led to a reaffirmation of the status quo in the Dritter Landfrieden (Third Territorial Peace). A second religious civil war in 1712, the Second War of Vilmergen, ended in a decisive Protestant victory and major revisions in the fourth Landfrieden of 1712.
- In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud). The French invaded Switzerland and turned it into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic." The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place.[1][2] Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic bastions, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. The French Army suppressed the uprisings but support for revolutionary ideals steadily declined, as the Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, the new taxes, the centralization and the hostility to religion. Nonetheless, there were long-term impacts.[3] The Republic being named Helvetic after the Helvetii, the Gaulish inhabitants of the Swiss Plateau in antiquity, was not an innovation; rather, the Swiss Confederacy had occasionally been dubbed Republica Helvetiorum in humanist Latin since the 17th century, and Helvetia, the Swiss national allegory, made her first appearance in 1672.
- https://www.quora.com/Why-wasnt-Switzerland-included-in-the-formation-of-the-German-Empire Switzerland was once part of the Holy Roman Empire.However, the main line of the local Swiss dynasty, the Zaehringen died out.the Old Swiss Confederation , a patchwork of democratic republics, aristocratic republics, occupied areas with no rights, pieces of real estate ruled by a cloister and one monarchy -Neuenburg/Neuchatel- with an adjoining Prince-bishopric became ever more independent. Politically completely in 1648 but Law was rather difficult in these days. In some awfully conservative Cantons of the East they said we are still part of the Empire but do not recognize the Emperor.German nationalism developed fairly late in the last decades of the 18th century, first only culturally..Meanwhile the Swiss became so afraid of the French Revolution they said to Austria : Please help us against these vile murderers; we will even give you some of our territories if you will protect us. But the Emperor declined, having too many territories to defend already. In this fashion Switzerland was overran by the French and became a vassal state.. Napoleon annexed most of the French speaking cantons. But at Vienna Switzerland was resurrected as a more modern neutral Confederation but the Canton Neuchatel/Neuenburg was returned to its legitimate owners: the Hohenzollern dynasty of Prussia, who had won it in a Princes’ Contest of the 18th century.. Soon Neuchatel was annexed among protests in 1847 and the Swiss Civil War followed suit. The result was that Switzerland became a Federation!When German nationalism finally triumphed in the bogus German Empire of 1871 the Swiss said; No thanks, we are not interested and went their own way, poor as churchmouses..For just at the end of the 19th century Switzerland became anywhere near affluent. The very last time Switzerland was divided happened during the First World War. The German speaking Swiss tended towards Germany, the Rhaeto-Romanics towards Austria and the French speakers towards France.https://www.quora.com/Why-wasnt-Switzerland-included-in-the-formation-of-the-German-Empire
-reference
EU
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3644697/Switzerland-WITHDRAWS-application-European-Union-member-state-one-week-Brexit-vote.html Politicians in Switzerland have voted to withdraw the country's long-standing European Union application, a week before Britain decides on its own EU membership.
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21707550-harsh-lessons-switzerland-brexiteers-parable-ticino
iran
- https://www.ft.com/content/21913614-02e3-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1 Switzerland is close to launching an initiative to let companies sell food, medicine and medical devices to Iran using a payments channel that would be the first such mechanism to win Washington’s approval since it reimposed sanctions against Tehran. Bern’s humanitarian supplies plan, which is the subject of delicate ongoing talks with the US and Iran, comes as leading EU powers hope within weeks to set up a much-touted mechanism to finance broader trade with Tehran.
tibet
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170212/00178_010.html瑞士政府收緊接收難民政策。瑞士傳媒報道，流亡藏人今後在瑞士申領居住證和護照時，「出生地國家」一欄只能填寫「中國」，與其他來自中國的庇護申請一同處理，「西藏國籍」或「無國籍」不再被承認。國籍變更後，流亡藏人將被視作中國公民進行管理，在瑞士經商、旅遊等也要經由中國大使館申領相關證件。
-reference
- https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/maps-data-online/maps-geodata-online/journey-through-time.html
EU
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3644697/Switzerland-WITHDRAWS-application-European-Union-member-state-one-week-Brexit-vote.html Politicians in Switzerland have voted to withdraw the country's long-standing European Union application, a week before Britain decides on its own EU membership.
- http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21707550-harsh-lessons-switzerland-brexiteers-parable-ticino
iran
- https://www.ft.com/content/21913614-02e3-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1 Switzerland is close to launching an initiative to let companies sell food, medicine and medical devices to Iran using a payments channel that would be the first such mechanism to win Washington’s approval since it reimposed sanctions against Tehran. Bern’s humanitarian supplies plan, which is the subject of delicate ongoing talks with the US and Iran, comes as leading EU powers hope within weeks to set up a much-touted mechanism to finance broader trade with Tehran.
tibet
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20170212/00178_010.html瑞士政府收緊接收難民政策。瑞士傳媒報道，流亡藏人今後在瑞士申領居住證和護照時，「出生地國家」一欄只能填寫「中國」，與其他來自中國的庇護申請一同處理，「西藏國籍」或「無國籍」不再被承認。國籍變更後，流亡藏人將被視作中國公民進行管理，在瑞士經商、旅遊等也要經由中國大使館申領相關證件。
chinese
- property investors
- “We’ve actually seen a substantial increase in demand from foreign buyers, particularly those coming from Asia, owing to the Covid-19 crisis,” said Russell Collins, head of sales at Swiss property company Andermatt Swiss Alps. “Evidently, prospective second-home owners and investors are seeing the benefit of having a Plan-B during turbulent socio-economic times.“Demand from buyers in Hong Kong and across Asia has grown over recent years, with buyers from the region accounting for around 15 per cent of owners [of the residential development and hotel serviced flats]. This is set to grow further this year as we anticipate that at least 50 per cent of our new development, Frame, will be sold to buyers from this region.”Frame is a contemporary development of duplex studios and one-bedroom flats, one of two projects that will launch this month at Andermatt Swiss, the only large-scale development in Switzerland that is available for foreign ownership, after the company secured an exemption from a federal law that essentially makes it difficult for foreigners to buy property in the country.https://www.scmp.com/business/article/3089114/rare-swiss-alps-property-project-available-foreign-buyers-sees-rising
China
- ties
- visit by leaders
- ties
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170113/PDF/a5_screen.pdf
- visit by leaders
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20160409/PDF/a7_screen.pdf 中國國家主席習近平4月8日在人民大會堂同瑞士聯邦主席施奈德─阿曼舉行會談。兩國元首發布聯合聲明，一致決定建立中瑞創新戰略伙伴關係，為兩國關係未來發展指明方向。據了解，“創新戰略伙伴關係”是對中瑞雙邊關係具有豐富而深刻內涵以及重要意義的肯定。雙方應該在鞏固擴大自由貿易和金融合作基礎上，把中國實施創新驅動戰略同瑞士的創新優勢相結合，支持兩國搭建創新合作平台，開展企業、高校、科研機構間創新合作，深化在可再生能源、現代生態農業、節能環保、醫藥等領域互利合作。共建“一帶一路”為中瑞合作開闢了更廣闊空間，中方也願同瑞方加強在亞洲基礎設施投資銀行框架內合作。 雙方應該搭建更多人文交流平台，繼續擴大在教育、文化遺產保護、冬季運動、旅遊等方面合作。中方願同瑞方加強在國際事務中的政策協調和協作，共同致力於和平解決國際和地區衝突，並為全球經濟金融治理貢獻智慧。
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/cn_eu/2017-01/14/content_27951923.htmXi published a signed article on Friday in Neue Zuercher Zeitung, a leading Swiss daily newspaper, in which he spoke highly of Switzerland's support for internationalization of the renminbi, its participation in the founding of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and mutual visa exemption for diplomatic passport holders.Leuthard, the Swiss Confederation president, said in an exclusive interview with China Daily on Thursday that Xi shares her philosophy that openness and inclusiveness are necessary to bring win-win results for the countries.Leuthard revealed that during Xi's stay in Switzerland from January 15 to 18, the two countries will send strong signals to drum up global cooperation and fight closed-door policies. http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170115/PDF/a6_screen.pdf 15日至18日瑞士將迎來中國國家主席習近平來訪， 他此行將全面升級中瑞兩國自貿協定列作優先議題，並聚焦一系列提高兩 國創新水平的合作議題，包括研究設立中瑞企業創新委員會。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20170117/PDF/a6_screen.pdf 16日，中國國家主席習近平繼續在瑞士進行國事訪問 。當日，習近平在伯爾尼同瑞士聯邦主席洛伊特哈德舉行會談，雙方同 意加強 「中國製造2025」 同瑞士 「工業4.0」 對接，推進兩國企業和研 究機構創新合作。中瑞雙方亦簽署了諒解備忘錄，啟動中瑞自貿協定升 級聯合研究。
- 中國國家主席習近平29日在人民大會堂同瑞士聯邦主席毛雷爾舉行會談。習近平強調，中瑞自由貿易協定走在歐洲國家前頭。我們要將共建「一帶一路」打造成為中瑞合作的新亮點。中方將繼續為包括瑞士企業在內的外資企業創造開放、公平的營商環境。會談後，兩國元首還共同見證了雙邊合作文件的簽署。根據第二屆「一帶一路」國際高峰論壇成果清單，中國發改委與瑞方簽署關於開展第三方合作諒解備忘錄。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20190430/PDF/a6_screen.pdf
- FTA
- FTA with switzerland to energize trade ties http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2014-07/03/content_17639024.htm
- swiss exporters take long view of china http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d453e1c6-cad4-11e3-9c6a-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3CVBPb0QR
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-01/22/content_19373429.htm Overall exports from Swiss companies to China rose 11.2 percent to 7.5 billion Swiss francs in the same period, and imports from China to Switzerland rose 7.7 percent to 10 billion Swiss francs, official figures show. Despite the great opportunities the free trade agreement presents for both countries, challenges still exist. Walt said one possible problem is that Switzerland's increased exports of professional mechanicals, watches, medicines and chemical products to China will put pressure on those industries in China - and vice versa for labor-intensive products from China. "However, the transitional agreements of the China-Switzerland free trade agreement on sensitive areas will provide space for Chinese and Swiss companies to adapt to market competition," she said.
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/nation/2017-01/16/content_15557710.html Geng Wenbing, the Chinese ambassador to Switzerland, said increased action to facilitate two-way trade and investment will be top of Xi's agenda during his four-day visit, which started Sunday."During the visit, both sides will actively explore upgrading their FTA," he said
- strategic dialogue
-瑞中协会
- Swiss Chinese Chamber of Commerce in china http://cn.swisscham.org/
- 中國外交部長王毅周二在伯爾尼，與瑞士外長卡西斯舉行中瑞第二輪外長級戰略對話。王毅會後見記者時，形容中瑞關係健康穩定發展。卡西斯則指中國是負責任大國，願與中方共同維護多邊主義國際秩序。https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20191024/00178_011.html
-瑞中协会
- 当地时间11月2日，中国驻瑞士大使馆与瑞中协会在伯尔尼共同举办中共十九大宣介和2017年中瑞关系回顾招待会。中国驻瑞士大使耿文兵、瑞中协会主席瓦格纳、瑞士外交部副国秘马蒂亚希出席并致辞。来自瑞政治、经济、文化、学术等各界人士140馀人参加。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171104/PDF/a7_screen.pdf
- Swiss Chinese Chamber of Commerce in china http://cn.swisscham.org/
- sino swiss economic forum http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/n/2014/0702/c98649-8749886.html
- financial cooperation
- impact of reduction in tariff on watches http://www.hkatv.com/zh-hk/video/13788/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%AF%E6%A8%82MBL%E9%85%92%E6%A5%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%9A%E6%8A%8A%E9%85%92%E7%95%B6%E6%AD%8C/%E7%AC%AC856%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8A%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%8C%B6%E6%B8%9B%E7%A8%85%E5%85%A5%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%89%8D%E6%99%AF%E3%80%8B
- water
- investors from china
- financial cooperation
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150117/PDF/a9_screen.pdf中國外交部16日就國務院總理李克強出席世界經濟論壇2015年年會並對瑞士進行工作訪問舉行中外媒體吹風會。外交部副部長李保東在介紹有關情況時說，李克強總理將在論壇年會上傳遞三方面重要信息。李保東還表示，訪問期間，雙方有望在金融、經貿、科研、食品與藥品及人文等多個領域達成重要共識，宣布一批新的合作成果，特別是在金融合作領域。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2015/01/17/a13-0117.pdf
- http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20150119/PDF/a16_screen.pdf 據《第一財經日報》報道，李克強訪瑞期間，雙方將宣布中國將與瑞士合作在蘇黎世建立人民幣離岸市場。同時，中國人民銀行將與瑞士國家銀行簽署合作備忘錄，給予瑞士500億人民幣合格境外機構投資者（QFII）配額，支持在瑞士建立人民幣離岸市場。http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-01/21/content_19364755.htm
- 瑞士联邦委员会委员兼财政部长于利．毛雷尔（Ueli Maurer），携同由瑞士联邦政府及主要金融机构代表组成的代表团于4月12日至19日访华，将先后前往北京、上海、香港和新加坡。毛雷尔向大公报记者透露，此访重在寻求实质性金融合作，涉及支持金融领域创新、投资和金融服务的最佳框架条件，及金融机构的角色和机遇等。毛雷尔透露，在此次与中国相关部门会谈，多次提及中国金融市场开放话题，中方明确提到，外资在中国金融市场佔比过低，冀将此过低份额进一步提升。对于中国倡议的“一带一路”，毛雷尔作出高度评价，“‘一带一路’倡议十分重要，在今后十年乃至二十年间，世上最大基础设施项目恐怕都会在此框架下。”谈及香港金融中心地位是否陷入危机，毛雷尔称相信接下来香港仍将保有自己金融中心地位，冀香港和上海作为金融中心，相互之间能增强互动。
- The chairman of Switzerland-based financial technology company Avaloq will focus on expanding business in China and Asia as well as preparing for a possible stock exchange scmp 8jan18
- http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/2127042/zurich-insurance-keen-re-enter-china-joint-venture-rules
- 中瑞（常州）产业合作园区日前在江苏常州市启动建设，园区将致力于推进“中国製造2025”和瑞士“工业4.0”的对接和合作，建成中瑞产业合作的标誌性示范园区。http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20171001/PDF/a4_screen.pdf
- impact of reduction in tariff on watches http://www.hkatv.com/zh-hk/video/13788/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%AF%E6%A8%82MBL%E9%85%92%E6%A5%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%9A%E6%8A%8A%E9%85%92%E7%95%B6%E6%AD%8C/%E7%AC%AC856%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8A%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%8C%B6%E6%B8%9B%E7%A8%85%E5%85%A5%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%89%8D%E6%99%AF%E3%80%8B
- water
- http://www.chinadailyasia.com/lifeandart/2016-03/04/content_15394534.html Andreas Goetz, a Swiss expert on water management, considers his work in China for more than a decade a great success. "We first made a rope of cooperation. Now, it has developed into a net," the-68-year-old says of the roles Chen Lei, China's water resources minister, and he have played on various projects. The two men first met in 2001, when Goetz was deputy director of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. In its journey to become a developed country, Switzerland has gained much experience in water management and has collected relevant data for years. During their interactions, the two experts found that both countries were pursuing similar goals in water management, and the first joint project began in 2002 after news of a Yangtze River flood drew Goetz's attention.
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-06/30/content_25912157.htm Novartis Oncology will put more focus on drug research and on developing targeted treatments of the diseases, which worst afflict Chinese, at its newly inaugurated R&D center in Shanghai, said company President Bruno Strigini in an interview with China Daily. "It'll be a state-of-the-art facility with top notch researchers," he said. The center, opened earlier this month and created at a cost of $1 billion, is one of the global pharmaceutical company's three major R&D centers worldwide. The new center builds upon Novartis' past 10 years of R&D activities in Shanghai and will have 300 researchers.
- investors from china
- http://www.hkcd.com.hk/pdf/201510/1022/HA15A22CZXX.pdf ccb considering setting up in zurich
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-12/02/content_22606396.htm Huapont Life Sciences Co Ltd, a Chongqing-based pharmaceutical maker, said onTuesday it will buy a 70 percent stake in Swiss Biological Medicine Group Ltd withno more than 210 million yuan ($32.82 million). The Swiss company owns Paracelsus Suisse, a holistic medicine center for tumortreatment, anti-aging therapies and treatment of chronic diseases. Shares in Huapont Life closed 5.97 percent higher at 14.2 yuan on the ShenzhenStock Exchange on Tuesday.
- 圖書中心
- photo exhibition
- 瑞士首家「中國圖書中心」揭幕儀式在蘇黎世大學舉行。中國國務院新聞辦公室主任蔣建國、蘇黎世大學漢學家畢鶚（Wolfgang Behr）教授等中瑞兩國嘉賓、媒體代表共同出席儀式。該中心是在中國國務院新聞辦公室指導下，由中國外文局以及所屬的中國國際圖書貿易集團公司與瑞士蘇黎世大學圖書館聯合建立的，是在瑞士成立的首家中國圖書中心。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/01/13/a14-0113.pdf
- photo exhibition
- in geneva http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-01/12/content_27931340.htm
Hong kong
- visit by leaders
- financial
- ip event in hk
- visit by leaders
- 特首林鄭月娥繼續瑞士的訪問行程，先到伯恩與瑞士財政部長毛雷爾會面，並見證香港金管局、瑞士當局及兩地業界代表簽署諒解備忘錄，加強雙方在金融市場發展及 金融科技等方面的合作。她其後到巴塞爾與藥企羅氏集團行政總裁會面，鼓勵藥企開發和供應新藥幫助罕見病患者。她參觀巴塞爾科技園時，更表示該處與落馬洲河 套區的科技園有很大合作空間。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2018/01/25/a10-0125.pdf
- Chief Executive Carrie Lam met senior government officials and leaders of institutions from different countries in Davos, Switzerland. Mrs Lam met Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and said she was pleased the Hong Kong/Netherlands Working Holiday Scheme began this year. She believes it will boost ties between the two places. The Chief Executive also proposed to explore further collaboration on financial development with the Netherlands. Mrs Lam also met UK Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond and the Lord Mayor of London Peter Estlin. She told Mr Hammond that with the joint statement issued in March last year, both sides can forge broader and deeper collaboration on a number of priority areas, in particular finance and innovation and technology. She added distinguished UK universities are welcome to participate in the research clusters which are being proactively established in Hong Kong. At the meeting with Mr Estlin, Mrs Lam congratulated him on assuming the office of Lord Mayor of London in November last year. She invited him to attend the 4th Belt & Road Summit to be held in Hong Kong in September and welcomed his visit to the city next month to meet members of the financial sector. Mrs Lam also met the senior management of two enterprises from the US. She updated Bank of America Chief Executive Officer Brian Moynihan on Hong Kong’s position as an international financial centre with well-developed financial infrastructure, a simple tax regime and a deep talent pool, including plenty of experts well versed in the Mainland market. In a meeting with AT&T Chief Executive Officer John Donovan and Senior Vice President Karim Lesina, Mrs Lam said Hong Kong is developing the 5G network to advance its smart city development. Mrs Lam later attended the Hong Kong Night co-organised by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government and the Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing Limited, and introduced Hong Kong’s advantages and future opportunities to guests from around the world.https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2019/01/20190125/20190125_154611_520.html
- scmp 17mar17
- financial
- http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20161203/00202_005.html繼去年中港基金互認後，香港再與瑞士簽訂基金互認安排，允許合資格的瑞士及香港公募基金透過簡化的審核程序，在對方市場銷售。
- http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2113629/bea-union-becomes-first-hong-kong-fund-house-sell-its-products BEA Union Investment Management has become the first Hong Kong-based fund house to gain approval to sell its products in Switzerland under a new cross-border trading scheme. Wan said her company, a joint venture between Bank of East Asia and Union Investment of Frankfurt, would sell the two funds via private banks, independent financial advisers, and other banking partners. The master sales agent is the French bank BNP Paribas.
- swiss innovation night 2018 on 12sep18 organised by swiss cg in hk, swissnex china, venture lab; hktdc as venue partner
- ip event in hk
- 瑞士駐港總領事館昨舉辦「投資瑞士」講座，鼓勵內地與香港商人投資瑞士。在講座上，使館商務主管Claudia Solenthaler認為，投資瑞士有四大優勢：技術轉移優勢、商業網絡優勢、成本優勢及手續簡便。http://pdf.wenweipo.com/2017/11/07/b02-1107.pdf
- swiss people in hk
- swiss business hub hk recruits trade officer scmp 18jun16
- 酒店洋高層Philippe Caretti（簡永添）http://paper.takungpao.com/resfile/PDF/20180319/PDF/b3_screen.pdf
- 脫港小師奶 呻瑞士人養家不易 https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/finance/20200422/00269_002.html
- swiss business hub hk recruits trade officer scmp 18jun16
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